American Cit. - St. Johns County School District · Section 3 • Suffrage and Civil Rights....
Transcript of American Cit. - St. Johns County School District · Section 3 • Suffrage and Civil Rights....
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American Cit.
Chapter 6
Voters and Voter Behavior
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Section 1
• The right to vote
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The History of Voting Rights
• Suffrage• The right to vote (AKA Franchise)
• Expansion of the Electorate• The U.S. electorate includes some 210 million
citizens
• potential voting population
• originally a state power, however progressively a federal power
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The History of Voting Rights (Con’t)
• extending suffrage: Five Stages• first stage: Early 1800’s
• religious, ownership, tax payments banned
• second stage: 1870• 15th amendment all races allowed to vote
• Third stage: 1920• 19th amendment gave women suffrage
• Fourth stage: 1960’s• voting Rights Act of 1965 removed any remaining barriers
to African American suffrage
• Fifth stage• lower voting age to 18 yrs. Old
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The Power to set voting Qualifications
• Still state power, however it can not be unconstitutional
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Section 2
• Voter qualification
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Universal Requirements
• Citizenship• Most require you to be an American citizen
• Residence• Must be a permanent resident of the state
you vote in• Most states do not set a requirement time
period today• Transients generally can not vote in new
state• person living in the state for only a short time
• Age• Until 26th amendment, states varied with
age from 21 to 18
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Other Qualifications
• Registration• A procedure of voter identification
intended to prevent transient voting• Purging
• removing individuals who are not longer eligible to vote
• Poll Books• the lists of all registered voters in each
precincts
• Fight over how to stream-line it and avoid fraud
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Other Qualifications (Con’t)• Literacy
• A person’s ability to read or write
• No longer required, however it was used to discourage African-American slaves
• forced creation of “Grandfather Clause”
• Tax payment• demanded payment of a special tax called a Poll Tax
• However found unconstitutional
• Persons denied the vote• declared mentally incompetent
• felons
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Section 3
• Suffrage and Civil Rights
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Fifteenth Amendment
• Gave nearly all slaves the right to vote• However the right was still denied for nearly 90
years
• Violence used to persuade
• Literacy test
• Gerrymandering
• drawing of electoral district lines
• Democrats continually denied blacks into primary’s in the South
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Early Civil Rights Legislation
• Civil Rights Act of 1957• Inquired into claims of voter discrimination
• Civil Rights Act of 1960• Allowed federal voting referees
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The Civil rights Act of 1964
• Forbid voter registration or literacy in an unfair or discriminatory manner
• Use judicial branch to determine discrimination
• Used injunctions
• court order that forces or restrains certain actions by public or private officials
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Applied to all elections and cemented 15th amendment
• Preclearance
• Approval by the Department of Justice
• Amendments to the Act
• Requirement to language
• 10,000 or more, minority
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African Americans at the Polls
Chapter 6, Section 32 41
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Section 4
• Voter Behavior
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Nonvoters
• The word idiot is Greek and it means citizens who do not vote
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The Size of the Problem
• Off-year elections• Congressional elections held in the even-
numbered years between presidential elections
• Many choose not to vote due to “voting fatigue”
• Presidential elections most voter population and participation
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Why People do not vote• Cannot voters
• Resident aliens are denied access to vote
• Disabled
• Actual voters• Convinced there is no purpose
• Political efficacy
• lack any sense of their own influence or effectiveness in politics
• they feel popular sovereignty is no longer alive
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Why People do not vote (Con’t)
• Factors affecting voters• Mostly lack of interest
• Comparing voters and nonvoters• Voters tend to have higher income, education,
and occupational status
• Unvoters are generally younger than 35, unmarried and unskilled
• However multiple factors affect it.
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Voters and voting Behavior• Studying voting behavior
• Political socialization
• the process by which people gain their political attitudes and opinions
• Gender, Age
• gender gap
• measurable difference between the partisan choices of men and women
• Men more likely GOP and women more likely Democrat
• Younger people more likely vote Democrat and older people more likely vote GOP
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Voters and voting Behavior (Con’t)• Religious, Ethnic Background
• Protestants more likely vote GOP• Catholics and Jews tend to vote Democrat• FDR’s New Deal and LBJ’s Civil Rights Acts of the
1960’s moved majority of African-American votes to Democrats
• Latino’s are more unpredictable
• Geography• GOP has drawn good support from the South, and
Democrats to the North• Democrats tend to get the bigger cities, while GOP
draws the rural areas of the country
• Family and Other Groups• 9/10 married couples vote the same way
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Psychological Factors• Voters perceptions of politics
• Party Identification• Loyalty to Political Party• Straight Ticket Voting
• The practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election
• Weakened over the years• as evident by more split-ticket voting
• also the rise of people who consider themselves independent
• Candidates and Issues• Exit polls greatly reveal the role of the Candidates
character and their stance on issues, in determining their electorate
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Sociological Factors
Income andOccupation
Education Gender and Age
Religious andEthnic Background
Geography Family and OtherGroups
Voter preferences can’t be predicted by just
one sociological factor. Voter opinion is a
combination of all of these factors and more.
Chapter 6, Section 42 31