American Board of Commissioners for Foreign...
Transcript of American Board of Commissioners for Foreign...
T H E
N I N E T Y - S E V E N T H
A N N U A L REPORT
OF THE
American Board o f Commissioners for Foreign Missions
PRESENTED AT THE
M E E T I N G H E L D A T C L E V E L A N D , O H I O
O c t o b e r 9- 11 , 1907
P U B L I S H E D B Y T H E B O A R D
C o n g r e g a t i o n a l H o u s e
B O ST O N
CONTENTS
M i n u t e s o f t h e A n n u a l M e e t i n g . . .
Corporate Members P resen t.........................Male Honorary Members Reported as PresentMissionaries Present ....................................Organization........................................... .Committees Appointed....................................Resolutions.......................................................New Members..................................................Annual S erm on...............................................Place and Preacher for Next Meeting . . .By-Laws Amended...........................................Election of Officers................................Letters of E xcu se ...........................................Reports of Committees at the Annual MeetingReport on the Home Department..................Report on the Foreign Department..............On the Treasurer’s R e p o r t .............................
R E P O R T O F P R U D E N T I A L C O M M I T T E E
H om e D epartm ent
The Year's Problems.......................................Finances ..........................................................Appointment of Missionaries . . . . . . . .
Movements of Missionaries.............................Publications...............................................Young People’s Departm ent.........................Auxiliary S o c ie t ie s ........................................N ecrology.........................................................Prospects .........................................................The Middle District (Dr. Creegan’s Report) . The Interior District (Dr. Hitchcock’s Report) Pacific Coast District (Mr. Tenney’s Report)
P a g e
The Missions
West Central African Mission......................... 25South African Mission (Rhodesian Branch) 29South African Mission (Zulu Branch) . . 32European Turkey M iss io n ........................ ... . 43Western Turkey Mission................................ 53Central Turkey M iss io n ................................ 63Eastern Turkey M ission ........................ . . 73Marathi Mission............................................... 81Madura M ission......................... . 93Ceylon M iss ion ............................................... 100Foochow M iss ion ........................................... 107South China Mission..................... . . . . 114North China Mission . . . . . . . . . lit!Shansi Mission . . . . 128Japan Mission . . . 131Micronesian Mission . . . 147Mission to the Philippines..........................* . 154Mexican M is s io n ........................................... 155Spanish M ission............................................... 161Austrian Mission............................................... 164
Tabular View o f the Missions o j the A . B .C, F . M . f o r the y ea r 19 0 6 -1 9 0 7 ............... 168
T reasurer's Report f o r the y ea r ending A u gust 3 1 , 19 0 7 .................................................. 169
Pecuniary A c c o u n t s ....................................... 173Sum m ary o f Donations . . .............. 170Receipts o f the B oa rd . . . . . 183Places o f M eeting a n d P r e a c h er s .................. 184Missiottaries o f the B o a r d ............................. 186Corporate Members o f the B o a r d .................. 191Corporate Members Deceased or R e sig n e d . 195Officers o f the B o a r d ....................................... ltii;H onorary M e m b e r s ....................... . . . l!^
P a g e
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Minutes o f the Annual MeetingW E D N E S D A Y , 9 A .M .
T h e A m erican B oard of Com m issioners for F oreign M issions com m enced its
N inety-eighth A n nu al M eeting in the P ilgrim C ongregational Church, Cleveland,
Ohio, W ednesday, O cto ber 9 , 1907, at 9 a .m .
C O R P O R A T E M EM B ER S P R E S E N T
M aine
John M. Gould, Portland.
N ew H am pshire
Rev. Edward C. Ewing, Newcastle.Rev. George E. Hall, Dover.
Vermont
Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury.
Charles \V. Osgood, Bellows Falls.Gilbert M. Sykes, Dorset.Rev. Lucius F. Reed, Montpelier.
Rev. Harry R. Miles, Brattleboro.
Rev. Charles H. Dickinson, Middlebury.
M as sack u setts
A. Lyman Williston, Northampton.
Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, Aubumdale. Samuel B. Capen, Boston.
G. Henry Whitcomb, Worcester.
Rev. Francis E. Clark, Aubumdale.Rev. Albert E. Dunning, Brookline.Rev. John R. Thurston, Whitinsville.
Rev. William W . Jordan, Clinton.
Rev. Charles H. Daniels, South Framingham.
Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Center.
Rev. D eW itt S. Clark, Salem.Charles A. Hopkins, Brookline.Frank H. Wiggin, Boston.
Henry E. Cobb, Newton.
Rev. Asher Anderson, Boston.Rev. Frank L. Goodspeed, Springfield.
Thomas Todd, Concord.
Rev. Edward C. Moore, Cambridge.Rev. Franke A . Warfield, Milford.Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Newton.Rev. Philip S. Moxom, Springfield.Frank Wood, Boston.
H erbert A . Wilder, N ew ton.
Francis O. Winslow, Norwood.Rev. John H. Denison, Boston.
Rev. William E. Strong, Newtonville.Francis A . Rugg, Greenfield.
Rhode Island
Rev. James H. Lyon, Central Falls.Herbert J. W ells, Kingston.
Connecticut
Rev. Edward N. Packard, Stratford.Rev. Azel W . Hazen, Middletown.
John H. Perry, Southport.
Rev. William W . McLane, New Haven.
Rev. John DePeu, Bridgeport.Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford.
George B. Burrall, Lakeville.
Rev. Arthur W . Ackerman, Torringtoa Rev. Frank S. Child, Fairfield.David N. Camp, New Britain.
Rev. William H. Holman, Southport.
Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Bridgeport.Rev. Williston W alker, New Haven.Rev. Ambrose W . Vernon, New Haven.
N ew York
Rev. Henry A. Stimson, Newr Y ork City.
Chester Holcombe, Rochester.
Rev. Charles C. Creegan, New' Y ork City. Rev. William A. Robinson, Syracuse.
Rev. Franklin S. Fitch, Buffalo.
Charles A. Hull, Brooklyn.
Rev. Albert J. Lyman, Brooklyn.
Rev. Charles H. Richards, New York City. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brooklyn.
Lucien C. Warner, New Y ork City.
J. J. McWilliams, Buffalo.
Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie.
Rev. Homer T . Fuller, Fredonia.Rev. Elliott C . Hall, Jamestown.H . B. Olmstead, Walton.
William H. Crosby, Buffalo.
N ew Jersey
Rev. Amory H. Bradford, Montclair.
Rev. William Hayes W ard, Newark.
Pennsylvania
Rev. Thomas C. Edwards, Kingston.v
vi Minutes o f the Annual Meeting
Ohio
Rev. William E. Park, Oberlin.
Rev. Washington Gladden, Columbus.
W alter A. Mahony, Columbus.Rev. Caspar W . Hiatt, Cleveland.
Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland.Rev. Henry M. Tenney, Oberlin.
Lucius F. Mellen, Cleveland.
Rev. Arthur H. Pearson, Oberlin. William W . Mills, Marietta.Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin.
Rev. John R. Nichols, Marietta.Rev. John W. Bradshaw, Oberlin.
Rev. Irving W . Metcalf, Oberlin.
Rev. Thomas D. Phillips, Chardon.W. I. Chamberlain, Hudson.
Rev. Edward I. Bosworth, Oberlin. John G. Jennings, Cleveland.
Edward H. Rhoades, Toledo.Uriah S. Shelly, Ashland.
Tennessee
Rev. James G. Merrill, Nashville.
Illinois
Rev. Edward M. Williams, Chicago. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago.Rev. William A. Waterman, Elgin. Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, Chicago. Edward H. Pitkin, Oak Park.Rev. A . N. Hitchcock, Chicago.
Rev. Sydney Strong, Oak Park.
H. T. Lay, Kewanee.
David Fales, Lake Forest.
Rev. Frank N. W hite, Chicago.
Pres. Thomas McClelland, Galesburg. Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park. Thomas C. MacMillan, Chicago.
Rev. Charles L. Morgan, Elgin.Frank Kimball, Oak Park.
Rev. John C. Myers, Gridley.
M ichigan
Pres. James B. Angell, Ann Arbor. Rev. William H . Warren, Lansing.
Frank D . Taylor, Detroit.
Rev. Archibald Hadden, Muskegon. George N. Stray, Ludington.
C. B. Stowell, Hudson.
• Wisconsin
Rev. George R. Leavitt, Beloit.
Pres. Edward D. Eaton, Beloit.Rev. Alexander R. Thain, Wauwatosa. John M. Whitehead, Janesville.
Rev. Eugene G. Updike, Madison.
Orrin H. Ingram, Eau Claire.
C. S. Kitchell, Milwaukee.
Minnesota
Rev. James W . Strong, Northfield.Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, Minneapolis.
Rev. George R. Merrill, Minneapolis. William H. Laird, Winona.
Miss Margaret J. Evans, Northfield.
Pres. Cyrus Northrop, Minneapolis.Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis.
David Percy Jones, Minneapolis.Frederick W. Lyman, Minneapolis
George E. Perley, Moorhead.
Iowa
Nathan P. Dodge, Council Bluffs.Rev. Alvah L. Frisbie, Des Moines,Rev. J. E. Snowden, Cedar Falls.
L. A. McMurray, W ebster City.W . B. Whiting, Whiting.
Rev. W esley E. Bovey, Traer.
Rev. William L. Bray, Sheldon.
M issouri
Augustus W. Benedict, St. Louis.Rev. Charles S. Mills, St. Louis.
North Dakota
Rev. George B. Denison, Cando.
Nebi'aska
Rev. John E. Tuttle, Lincoln.
Colorado
Rev. Frank T. Bayley, Denver.
Washington
Pres. Stephen B. L. Penrose, W alla W alla Rev. Edward L. Smith, Seattle.Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, Seattle.
California
Rev. Warren F. Day, Los Angeles.
Hawaiian Islands
Peter C. Jones, Honolulu.
M A L E H O N O R A R Y M EM B ER S P R E S E N T
M aine
Rev. Calvin M. Clark, Bangor.
N ew Ham pshire
Rev. W illis A. Hadley, Keene.
Rev. M. D. Bisbee, Hanover.
Alinutes o f the Annua/ Meeting v i i
Vermont
Rev. Isaac Jennings, Bennington.Kev. D. Miner Rogers, East Dorset.Rev. Rufus C. Flagg, Newport.
M as sack usetts
Rev. L. P. Broad, Boston.
James H. Barton, Springfield.Rev. Charles S. Holton, Newburyport.
Rev. George P. Merrill, Newburyport. Rev. Samuel H. Lee, Springfield.Rev. Arthur J. Covell, Lynn.Dea. John L. Kilbon, Lee.
Rev. Preston R. Crowell, Petersham.Rev. George W . Andrews, Dalton.W. W . Curtis, W est Stockbridge.
Rhode Islan d
Rev. James E. McConnell, Providence.
Connecticut
F. C. Sherman, New Haven.
Rev. Newell M. Calhoun, Winsted.Rev. Ozora S. Davis, New Britain.Rev. H. E. Peabody, Hartford.Rev. Joel S. Ives, Hartford.
Rev. Enoch H. Burt, Ivoryton.Rev. Henry A. Blake, Stafford Springs. Rev. H. G. Barnard, Tolland.Rev. George F. Waters, Woodstock.
Rev. John Hutchins, Litchfield.Rev. W. D. Hart, Wilton.
Rev. Frank A. Johnson, New Milford. Henry B. W ilcox, Bristol.
N ew York
Rev. A. M. Wright, Ogdensburg.Rev. William A. Trow, Sherburne.
Kev. Duncan MacGregor, Antwerp.
Rtv. Jesse B. Felt, Pulaski.H. W. Hubbard, New York City.
F. W. Spaulding, m .d ., Clifton Springs. Kev. Newton W. Bates, W est Bloomfield.
N ew Jersey
Kev. George P. Eastman, Orange.
N orth Carolina
Rev. M. L. Baldwin, Greensboro.
Ohio
Wilmot V . Metcalf, Oberlin.Rev. C. W . Riggs, Oberlin.
Rev. Frank E. Kenyon, Wauseon.Rev. E. A . King, Sandusky.
Louis J. Luethi, Cleveland.
Rev. William H. Woodwing, Columbus. Rev. J. P. Riedinger, W est Park.
Rev. Jeremiah Cromer, Wellington.Rev. Dwight M. Pratt, Cincinnati.
Rev. William E. Cadmus, Elyria.Rev. Harry D. Sheldon, Lorain.
Rev. Charles E. Hitchcock, Claridon. Rev. T. Calvin Treat, Burton.
Rev. Charles J. Dole, Springfield.Rev. Edward A. Zeeper, Dover.
Illinois
E. A. Redington, Evanston.
Rev. G. T. McCollum, Marseilles.Rev. John B. Fairbanks, Jacksonville. Rev. Quincy L. Dowd, Roscoe.
Kentucky
Rev. M. K. Pasco, Berea.
Wisconsin
Rev. H. A. Miner, Madison.
Iowa
Rev. J. E. Brereton, Waverly.
M issouri
Rev. H. F. Swartz, W ebster Groves.
Rev. Joseph B. Kettle, St. Joseph.Rev. Cyrus F. Stimson, Kansas City.
Kansas
Rev. James G. Doughertv Kansas City.H. D. Gray, Topeka.
Nebraska
Rev. J. D. Stewart, Aurora.
Rev. George W . Mitchell, Chadron.Rev. Charles H. Rogers, Lincoln.
N orth Dakota
Rev. E. Ellsworth Smith, Glen Ullin. Rev. J. C. Watt, Maxbass.
South Dakota
Rev. W . H. Thrall, Huron.
California
Rev. William Davies, Los Angeles.
Rev. Clifford N. Hand, Los Angeles.
G. E. Soper, Pomona.Rev. J. H. Harwood, Paradise.
Washington
Rev. Samuel Greene, Seattle.
V i l i Minutes o f the Annual Mating
M IS S IO N A R IE S P R E S E N T
*R ev. William E. Fay, W est Central Africa. *R ev. T. W. Woodside, W est Central Africa.
Mrs. T . W. Woodside, W est Central Africa.
M iss Emma C. Redick, W est Central Africa. M iss E. C. Clarke, European Turkey.
*R ev. H. S. Barnum, Western Turkey. *R ev. E. C. Partridge, Western Turkey.
Mrs. E. C. Partridge, Western Turkey.
Miss M. I. Ward, Western Turkey.
*D . M. B. Thom, m .d ., Eastern Turkey.Mrs. D. M. B. Thom, Eastern Turkey.
*R ev. T. D. Christie, Central Turkey.
*R ev. R. M. Cole, Eastern Turkey.
Mrs. R. M. Cole, Eastern Turkey.Miss M. M. Foote, Eastern Turkey.
*Rev. R. S. Stapleton, Eastern Turkey.M rs. R. S. Stapleton, Eastern Turkey.
*R ev . J. S. Chandler, Madura.
Mrs. J. S. Chandler, Madura.'Frank Van Allen, m .d ., Madura.Mrs. Frank Van Allen, Madura.
^Rev. F. E. Jeffery, Madura.
Mrs. F. E. Jeffery, Madura.Rev. J. J. Banninga, Madura.
Mrs. J. J. Banninga, Madura.
M iss Helen E. Chandler, Madura.
*Rev. G. G. Brown, Ceylon.Mrs. W. S. Ament, China.Mrs. C. A. Nelson, China.
Miss Martha Wiley, China.*Rev. G. W. Hinman, China.
Miss Gertrude W yckoff, China.
Mrs. Alice M. Williams, China.*J. H. DeForest, D.D ., Japan.
Mrs. E. S. DeForest, Japan.^Wallace Taylor, m .d ., Japan.
Mrs. Wallace Taylor, Japan.
*Rev. Hilton Pedley, Japan.
Mrs. Hilton Pedley, Japan.
Rev. H. B. Newell, Japan.Mrs. H. B. Newell, Japan.Miss A. H. Bradshaw, Japan.Mrs. Cyrus A. Clark, Japan.
*Rev. I. M. Channon, Micronesia.
*Rev. Thomas Gray, Micronesia.Rev. Ph. A . Delaporte, Micronesia.
Mrs. Ph. A. Delaporte, Micronesia.
Persons under Appointment
Rev. and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy, European Turkey.
Rev. D. Miner Rogers, Eastern Turkey. Albert W . Staub, China.
President Capen took the chair, and devotional services w ere conducted by
R e v . L . H . H allock, of M inneapolis, Minn.
T h e m aterial portions o f the M inutes of the last m eeting were read.
T h e President appointed the follow ing Com m ittee on N om inations: R ev. E . G.
U p d ik e, C harles A . Hull, R ev. D e W it t S. C lark, F ran k Kim ball, R ev. F rancis L.
H ayes.
T h e follow in g com m ittees were nom inated b y the P resident and were elected: —
Committee o f Arrangem ents. — R ev. D . F . B radley, R ev. E d g a r S . Rothrock,
C . L. F ish , F . C. C ase, J. G . Jennings, J. H . W ad e, J. B. Sm iley.
B usin ess Committee. — F . W . Lym an, H . H . Bridgm an, R ev. C . L. Morgar^
iProf. C. L. N ash, G uilford D ud ley, R ev. R . W . M cL aughlin , E . H . Rhoades.
F ran k H . W igg in , the T reasurer o f the Board, presented his report and the
re p o rt o f the A uditors, w ith th at o f the expert accou n tan t
N o tice w as g iven b y the R eco rd in g S ecretary of a proposed am endm ent to
th e B y-L aw s to b rin g them into accord w ith the rules o f order o f the National
C ou n cil, especially to dispense with the motion to “ accept ” re p o rts ; and by
unanim ous consent th at m ethod o f procedure w as at once put into practice.
Sec. C . H . Patton presented the report o f the Prudential Com m ittee on U:e
H om e D epartm ent, including a recom m endation th at a com m ittee of seven be ap
poin ted to consider the m atter o f m erging the M issionary H e r a ld w ith other
publications, and the recom m endation was adopted.
Sec. E . E . S tro n g presented the A n nu al S urvey o f the M issions.
President C apen m ade his annual address.
P ra y e r was offered b y R ev. J. R . T hurston.
Minutes o f t/'ic Annual Meeting IX
A n address w as m ade by R ev. Thom as D . Christie, president of St. P aul’s;
Collegiate Institute o f Tarsus.
Mr. H ull reported for the N om inating Com m ittee the follow ing com m ittees,
and they were appointed : —
Committee on Treasurer's R ep ort.— Frank A . D ay, I. W . M etcalf, O. H.
Ingram, C. W . O sgood, A . W . Benedict.
Committee on the R eport o f the Foreign Departm ent. — Prof. A m brose W .
Vernon, R ev. E . Lincoln Sm ith, R ev. W . H . Bolster, D avid Fales, A . D . G ray.
Committee on the R epoi't o f the H om e D epartm ent. — R ev. W . H . D ay, E . H.
Pitkin, R ev. W . W . M cLane, R ev. R . A . M acF adden, Pres. S. B. L. Penrose.
Committee on N om ination o f Officers. — P rof. W illiston W alker, Rev. Frank N .
W hite, R ev. F rank T . B ailey, H . C lark Ford, Peter C. Jones.
Committee on Place a n d Preacher. — R ev. A . J. Lym an, D . Percy Jones, P ro f.
A . L. Gillett, R ev. F . J. V an Horn, Pres. E . D . Eaton.
T h e Secretary was instructed to send to D istrict Secretary T enney, of C ali
fornia, an expression o f the sym pathy o f the Board in the sudden sorrow that h a s
fallen upon him in the death o f his w ife.
T h e President offered a series o f resolutions, which w as referred to th e
Business Com m ittee.
P rayer was offered by R ev. E . F. W illiam s, and recess taken to two o ’clock.
W E D N E S D A Y , 2 P.M.
T h e President took the chair at two o’clock, and prayer was offered by Pres.
S. B. L. Penrose.
A ddresses were made by R ev. Thom as G ray, of Ponape, Rev. Philip A .
Delaporte, supported by the Central Church o f Honolulu, on the island of N au ru ,
R ev. I. M . Channon, of the G ilbert Islands, and Rev. G . G . Brown, of C eylon .
Prayer was offered b y R ev. John R . Nichols.
M r. Charles A . H ull presented the report of the Com m ittee on the T reasurer’s
Report.
R ev. W . H. D a y presented the report o f the Com m ittee on the H om e
Departm ent.
A ddresses were made by R ev. H enry S. Barnum, of Constantinople, and R e v .
Ernest C. Partridge, o f Sivas.
T h e President appointed a special com m ittee on the matter o f m erging th e
M issionary H e r a ld : Pres. E . D . Eaton, A . W . Benedict, R ev. J. W . Strong, A . L .
W illiston, W . W . M ills, R ev. W . W . M cL an e, N athan P . D odge.
P rayer was offered by R ev. J. E . T uttle, and recess taken till 7.30 p .m .
W E D N E S D A Y EVENING
T h e President took the chair at 7.30 o ’clock. P rayer was offered by R ev. A . L „
Frisbie.
A dd resses were made b y Secretary H itchcock and Prof. E . C. M oore, o f th e
Deputations, in reference to their recent tours on mission fields.
A t the parallel m eeting in the M ethodist C hurch similar addresses were m ade
by Secretaries Barton and Creegan.
P rayer w as offered b y R ev. Sydney Strong, and recess taken till T h u rsd ay
morning.
T H U R S D A Y M ORNING
T h e President took the chair at nine o’clock.
D evotion al exercises were led b y R ev. F rank T . B ailey.
X Minutes o f the Am iual Meeting
T h e M inutes of yesterd ay’s sessions were read and approved.
S ecretary C reegan m oved that the salutations of the B oard be sent to Rev.
G riffith John, the distinguished m issionary of the London M issionary Society, who
is now in this country, and it was so voted.
A dd resses were m ade b y R ev. John J. Banninga, o f the M adura M ission, and
b y Dr. F rank V a n Allen, R ev. Franklin E . Jeffery, and R ev. John S. Chandler, all of
the same mission. ,
P rayer w as offered b y R ev. Clarence F . Sw ift.
M r. F . W . Lym an, o f the Business Com m ittee, reported, with recommendation,
th e resolutions offered b y the President, and th ey were adopted as fo llo w s: —
Whereas, it is estimated that there are 500,000,000 of people in the districts of the various foreign mission fields, occupied by the missionaries from the United States and
Canada, and a like number in the fields occupied by the missionaries of Great Britain; and, .
Whereas, in the allotment of missionary fields to the various denominations in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, there is in those assigned exclusively to the
work of the American Board a population estimated at 75,000,000 of people looking to this Board alone for the gospel m essage; and,
Whereas, in all these fields there is an increasing demand for the enlargement of evangelistic, educational, medical, and publication work, far beyond the ability of the American Board to meet with its present means; and,
Whereas, in certain fields, notably in China, conditions exist which ought to be met at once by a great enlargement, especially along the lines of Christian education, which opportunity is rapidly passing; and,
Whereas, there has recently been inaugurated in this country a Laymen’s Missionary
Movement, interdenominational and international, which has had the approval of the officers of the foreign missionary boards of the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, as well as the indorsement of leading laymen in all these countries, so thrt committees
are already at work in several denominations planning to organize the men for larger giving —
W e, therefore, the Corporate Members of the American Board, hereby
(1) Resolve, That we express our hearty sympathy with this movement to reach the
men of today in some effective alliance looking to the evangelization of the world.
(2) Resolved, That as other branches of the Christian Church have accepted the trust that has fallen to them in the cultivation of their respective fields, the American Board a t the opening of this second century accepts in turn and in trust its field estimated
to contain 75,000,000 of people, and pledges its earnest effort to evangelize these millions without halting or hesitating in the task.
(3) Resolved, That, in cooperation with the Laymen’s Missionary Movement, we urge
our members in the various cities and counties throughout our country to cooperate with
laymen of other denominations to the end that there may be in every large center of population an interdenominational committee, which, working in harmony with regular denominational missionary organizations and conferences and church committees, shall endeavor
to promote an aggressive and adequate missionary policy among the men in all the churches
of their district.
(4) Resolved, That the laymen in each local church, where there is not at present any efficient missionary committee, be urged to organize at once such committees, with the
purpose of securing the intelligent interest of every man. That we urge the acceptance
c f the declaration of purpose hereto annexed, adopted by the Laymen’s Missionary Move
ment as broad and catholic in its outlook, and one to which all our men should respond.
W e would urge further that it should be the effort of such committees to secure from all men gifts which shall be worthy of themselves and the present day opportunities, and
worthy of Him whose name we bear.
J\I¡ mi íes of the Annual Meeting xi
(5) Resolved, That inasmuch as the American Board was bom, and has continued thus
far, in a spirit of prayer, we endeavor to cultivate still more this spirit among the men of our churches, since, in order to conquer this world for righteousness, we need prayer and lives and funds, and only as we are interested to pray shall we be interested to give.
(6) Resolved, That while our first effort should be to attain the very small increase required to reach the amount recommended by the National Advisory Committee under the Apportionment Plan, this shall be considered only as a beginning; and that we should strive to double as speedily as possible our gifts, so that the American Board’s
income shall average annually two dollars per member of our Congregational churches. When the men in other denominations are planning not only to double, but to quadruple
their gifts, this seems to be well within our reach.1(7) Resolved, That we believe that such increase of giving, so far from being an injury
to the great and vital work that is being done by our home societies, would contribute
to the increase of gifts to home objects, for the experience of the world has been that when the vision of the church is as wide as the world, then, and then only, do the home
churches receive for themselves their largest blessings.
(8) Resolved, That we urge the officers of this Board, so far as they possibly can, to endeavor to bring before our various church clubs the great world wide field in all its length and breadth, believing that these clubs can come to higher usefulness and do a greatly increased service in helping to bring in the kingdom of God.
(9) Resolved, That we urge upon laymen of means the importance of endowment for
our collegiate and theological institutions in the East, upon which depends so fully the advance, self-support, and self-propagation of the direct and permanent work of evangelization.
(10) Resolved, That as the Laymen’s Missionary Movement has already aroused many men all over the world to a new enthusiasm, has carried courage and joy to the missionaries
at the front, and as the women and the young people are already organized for service, it
is for the men of today in our Congregational churches, who control so largely the money, to put their gifts and their prayers and their business sagacity into cooperation with this
new movement, which has for its object the arousing of all men to more earnest efforts to reach speedily every man with the message of the cross.
(11) Resolved, That as it is hoped by the Laymen’s Missionary Movement that it may
be possible to suggest some unified and comprehensive plan of missionary finance, to be
worked out definitely and practically by each denomination, which shall appeal alike to
the Christian conscience and the business judgment of our wisest men, therefore it is for the American Board, which was the leader in the last century, to be worthy still of its great
inheritance, and to join with the men of other faiths in all efforts thus to hasten the final
victory. Let us have with them the joy of sacrifice and the passion for service, in the name and for the sake of our Master, our Lord and our King.
TH E DECLARATION OF TH E LAYM EN’S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT
Believing it to be the duty of the Church of Christ to preach the gospel to every
creature, it is my purpose to pray, to give, to study, and to work, as God may give me opportunity, that the church of this generation may obey this command.
T h e B usiness Com m ittee also recom m ended that the action of the Prudential
Com m ittee in arranging with the officers o f the N ational Council and affiliated
societies for a union preach ing and comm union service be approved, and th at the
Secretary be instructed to com plete the M inutes in accordance herewith, and it was
so voted.
T h e annual serm on was therefore that delivered by R ev. G eorge A . G ordon, of
Boston, on Sunday morning, O ctober 14, on the text, John 17 : 3, and with the sub
ject, ‘-T h e Sure and L ivin g F aith ,” before the assem bled delegates o f the N ational
Council and the affiliated m issionary societies.
1 Sea page 624 for the addition to this resolution by amendment.
xii Minutes o f the Annual Meeting
R ev. A . J. Lym an, o f the Com m ittee on P lace and Preacher, reported recom
m ending B rooklyn, N . Y ., as the place, and that the preacher be R ev. C. S. M ills,
with R ev. W ashin gton G ladden as alternate, and it was so voted.
H on. John H . P erry offered the follow ing R ules of O rder, being those o f the
N ational Council, as substitute for the R ules o f O rder com prised in Section V,
paragraphs 29-37, of the B y-Law s now in use b y the Board, and they were a d o p ted : —
RULES OF ORDER
The Rules of Order shall be those of the common parliamentary law, with the following modifications: —
1. W hen a question is under debate no motion shall be received except to adjourn,
to lay on the table, to postpone indefinitely, to postpone to a time certain, to commit, to
amend,- which motions shall have precedence in the order named, and, except to lay on the table and to adjourn, shall be debatable. But the Board at any time, on the motion o f
one member seconded by five others and passed by a two-thirds vote of those present
and voting, may order the previous question upon any principal or subsidiary debatable
motion then pending. A fter this is so ordered, the debate shall not be cut off for one-half
hour, provided any member desires to sp eak; but during that time no person shall speak more than once, or more than five minutes.
2. No member shall speak more than twice to the merits of any question under
debate, except by special permission of the body; nor more than once, until every member desiring to speak shall have spoken.
3. Ordinarily, voting shall be viva voce, or by show of hands; but any member may
call for a division, in which case the number voting on each side shall be counted,
announced by the chair, entered in the Minutes, and published in the printed reports
of the proceedings.4. W hen a committee report has been presented, it shall, in the absence of objection,
be deemed to be received by the Board, and unless otherwise disposed of shall pass to
the Recording Secretary for preservation, but shall not be spread upon the Minutes.If the report contains recommendations or resolutions which call for action by the
Board, those recommendations or resolutions shall thereupon be deemed to be before
it for adoption upon motion of the committee, and shall be subject to such rules as are
prescribed by parliamentary law for similar motions.The action taken by the Board in these cases shall be entered on the Minutes.
R ev. W . H . B olster offered the report of the Com m ittee on the Foreign
D epartm ent, and an address was m ade by Prof. A . W . Vernon.
P rayer was offered b y Pres. J. G . M errill.
A dd resses w ere m ade b y R ev. W allace T aylo r, m .d ., R ev. H . Pedley, Rev.
H . B. N ew ell, and R ev. J. H . D eF o rest, all o f Japan.
P rayer was offered b y R ev. Philip S. M oxom , and recess taken till 2 i\M.
T H U R SD A Y A FT E R N O O N
T h e Presiden t took the chair at two o’clock.
P rayer w as offered b y R ev. John S. Chandler.
A dd resses were m ade b y M r. A lfre d E . M arling, o f N ew Y o rk , of the Inter
national Com m ittee o f the Y o u n g M en’s C hristian A ssociation and the Laym en’s
F oreign M ission ary M ovem en t; M r. W illiam T . E llis, o f P h ilad elp hia; M r. John B.
Slem an, Jr., o f W ashin gton , D . C., secretary of the Laym en’s M ovem ent; and
M r. D . P e rcy Jones, of M inneapolis, w ho offered a resolution as fo llo w s: —
T hat the resolutions offered by the President and adopted this morning be amended by the addition to the sixth resolution of the words, “ Ultimately a much larger sum will
be required in order properly to cover our great field with its 75,000,000 of people.”
Minutes of the Annual Meeting xisi
T h is resolution was adopted.
P rayer w as offered b y M r. W illiam Shaw.
R ev. C harles H . D aniels reported for the Com m ittee on N ew M em bers, pre
senting the resignations o f the follow ing persons, w hich were accepted: W alter A .
M ahony, o f O h io ; R ev. F . W . B aldw in, of N ew H am pshire; Pres. M. H . Buck-
ham, o f V erm on t; R ev. W arren F . D ay, of California. A lso the follow ing names
of those w ho had lost m em bership b y rem oval from the conferences or associations
which they represented: R ev. B enjam in S w ift, V erm on t; Rev. S . M. Cathcart,
M assachusetts; R ev. H . K . H aw ley, N orth D a k o ta ; R ev. R. B. Larkin, California.
A lso the fo llow in g nam es fo r election as Corporate M em bers, and they were elected
by b a llo t: R ev. John H astin gs Quint, Lincoln Conference, M ain e; S eb a A . Holton,
Barnstable Conference, M assa ch u setts; Lem uel LeB arron D exter, Old Colony
Conference, M assachusetts; D . W . W illiam s, H artford E a s t Conference, Connecti
cut; R ev. T heophilus S. D evitt, N ew H aven E a st Consociation, Connecticut;
Charles H . A ld rich , S uffo lk A ssociation, N ew Y o r k ; F ran k L. F airchild , Central
Conference, O h io ; R ev. D w igh t M allory Pratt, M iam i Conference, O h io ; Rev.
W alter C. V eazie, Lone S tar A ssociation (State), T e x a s ; James C. Hanna, A urora
Association, Illino is; G . C . M eisel, Eastern A ssociation, M ich igan; R ev. Carl S.
Patton, Jackson A ssociation , M ich igan; E . N . Coleman, D avenport A ssociation,
Iow a; R ev. F ran k W . H odgdon, Grinnell A ssociation, Io w a ; R ev. H erbert J.
Hinman, N ortheastern A ssociation , Io w a ; G eorge A . G uild, N orthern A ssociation,
K ansas; A rthur D . Parker, Jam estow n A ssociation, N orth D ak o ta ; R ev. H enry K.
Booth, Sacram ento V a lle y A ssociation, C alifo rn ia; R ev. John H . W illiam s, San
Bernardino A ssociation , C a lifo rn ia ; Hon. H enry P. B aldw in, Maui, M olokai, and
Lanai A ssociation, H aw aiian Islands. A t la r g e : M. A . D ean, I llin o is ; Pres.
W illiam N . Ferrin, O regon ; R ev. G eorge A . H all, M assachusetts; R ev. W illiam
D ouglas M ackenzie, C on n ecticut; D . K . Pearsons, Illino is; Pres. A lfred T . Perry,
O h io; John B . Slem an, Jr., D istrict of Colum bia; Edw ard B. Sturges, Pennsyl
van ia; Pres. G raham T aylor, Illinois.
Prof. W illiston W a lk e r offered the report of the Com m ittee on Officers,
nom inating the follow in g list, and they were elected by b a llo t: —
President Associate Secretary
H a k r y W a d e H i c k s
Treasurer
F r a n k H . W i g g i n , E s q .
A uditors
E m v i x H . B a k e r , E s q .
H e n r y E . C o b b , E s q .
W i l l i a m B . P l u n k e t t , E s q .
Prudential Committee
Term expires iq io
H e r b e r t A . W i l d e r , E s q .
R e v . E d w a r d M . N o y e s
R e v . J o h n H . D e n i s o n
R e v . E l n a t h a n E . S t r o n g , d .d ., E m eritus R e v . G e o r g e A . H a l l
R e v . W i l l i a m E . S t r o n g
E xcu ses for absence were received from the follow ing Corporate M em bers:
A . W . A ckerm an, G eorge C. Adam s, L. O. Baird, W . G . Ballantine, J. C . B erry,
S a m u e l B . C a p e n , l l .d .
Vice-President
P r e s . H e n r y C h u r c h i l l K i n g , d . d .
Corresponding Secretaries
R e v . J a m e s L . B a r t o n , d .d .
R e v . C o r n e l i u s H . P a t t o n , d .d .
Recording Secretary
R e v . H e n r y A . S t i m s o n , d .d .
Assistant Recording Secretary
R e v . E d w a r d N . P a c k a r d , d .d .
E d itorial Secretaries
xiv Minutes o f the Annual Meeting
J. W . B ixler, E . W . B latch ford, H S . B liss, G . N . Boardm an, J. E . B radley, H . H,
Bridgm an, E . R . Brow n, J. E . Brow n, M. A . B ullock, W . R . Burnham , C. R . Burt
S . P . Cadm an, F ranklin Carter, C. H . C ase, W . R . Castle, T . D . Catlin, W . H.
Catlin, E . W . Chapin, O. V . Coffin, S . V . Cole, J. M . Com stock, S . C. D arlin g
W . V . W . D avis, F . A . D ay, W . F . D ay, H . P . D ew ey, W . W . D ornan, Ralph
Em erson, W . P . F ish er, E . P. Flint, W alter Frear, F red erick F osd ick , J. H„ George,
C. A . G ow er, J. B. G regg, Lew is G regory, W . E . Griffis, J. M . W . H all, E . Y.
H incks, D . B . H olm es, E . E . H olm es, H enry H opkins, S . H . H ow e, Lew is A .
H yde, G . E . K eith , G race N . K im ball, H . W . Lane, H . A . Law rence, M ary P . H.
L eake, E . E . Lew is, A rthu r L itde, G . E . L ovejoy, P . W . Lym an, J. A . M acColl,
F . B . M akepeace, G . W . M arston, C. E . M ason, A lexan der M cK en zie , J. K.
M cL ean , C . C . M errill, E . S. M iller, A . J. N ew ton, W . H . N ichols, M ason Noble,
G eo rge Parsons, D . B . Perry, W . B. Plunkett, Lew ellyn Pratt, H . H . Proctor, C. N.
Prouty, E . A . R eed, D . O . R ogers, G . H . R ust, G . S. F . S avage, W illard Scott,
D orem us Scudder, J. H . Selden, W . S. Sm art, C. H . Sm ith, J. M . Speers, H . M.
Stevens, G . M . S yk es , G . A . T ew k sbu ry, R euen Thom as, W . B . T horp, E lbridge
T o rrey , G . W . T u ck er, J. H . T w ich ell, Sam uel U sher, C. A . W ebster, A . H . W ell
man, T h o m as W eston, E d w ard W hitin , E . P. W ilco x , W . E , W olcott, R. M . W oods,
M ary E . W oo lley , S . H . V irgin .
R ev. W ash in gto n G ladden presented the report o f the com m ittee appointed
la st y ear upon the proposed union o f m issionary w ork with the M ethodist
Protestants and the U n ited Brethren, to the effect th at their efforts to carry out
instructions had proved futile.
T h e P resid en t nom inated the follow ing as new m em bers o f the com m ittee to
nom inate new C orporate M em bers to serve for three y e ars: R ev. G eorge A . T ew k s
bury, H on. John M . W hiteh ead, and R ev. F rancis L . H ayes.
R ev. N eh em iah B oynton offered the report o f the Cooperating Com m ittee in
N ew Y ork.
P rayer w as offered b y R ev. C. E . Jefferson, and recess taken to the evening.
THURSDAY F.VENIXti
T h e P residen t took the chair at 7.30.
D evotion al exercises were conducted b y R ev. C harles J. R yder.
A dd resses w ere m ade b y R ev. J. H . D eF o rest, o f Japan, and Pres. Charles
C u th b ert H all, o f N ew Y o rk .
P rayer w as offered b y R ev. C . L . M organ, and adjournm ent taken to Friday
morning.
F R ID A Y M ORNING
T h e Presiden t took the chair at nine o ’clock.
D evotion al exercises w ere conducted b y R ev. H . C. H erring.
T h e M inutes o f T h u rsd ay ’s sessions w ere read and approved.
M r. W . W . M ills presented the report o f the com m ittee on the m erging o f the
Missionary Herald.A dd resses w ere m ade b y R ev. T . W . W oodside, of W e s t A fr ic a ; R ev. R o yal M.
C ole, o f B itlis ; R ev. R o b ert S. Stapleton, o f E rzro om ; M rs. Charles A . Nelson,
o f C an ton ; and R ev. G eo rge W . H inm an, o f Foochow .
P rayers were offered b y R ev. W . H . W arren and R ev. E . C . E w ing.
R ev. J. R . T hu rston offered the follow ing m em orial resolution concerning the
late D . W illis Jam es, form erly V ice-Presiden t o f the Board, and it w as adop ted : —
(1) Resolved\ T hat this Board wishes to put on record its high appreciation of the
Minutes o f the Annual Meeting xv
eminent service of our late Vice-President, D. Willis James, to this Board and to the cause of missions. H is rare devotion to the highest ideal, both of Christian manhood and the
widest Christian service, was supplemented by an equal sagacity in discerning the strategic points and the wisest methods for such service. Broad-minded and warm-hearted, steadfastly loyal, he stood before the Board, as before the community, a type of the true Christian gentleman and philanthropist, setting before us an example whose influence will be permanently inspiring.
(2) Resolved, That in view of his interest in the Twentieth Century Fund, shown in
his large contribution in the beginning, which gave it a most needful impulse, it is fitting that enough of his generous bequest to the Board should be consecrated to complete this fund, if the terms of the bequest will permit.
T h e R ecord ing Secretary offered the follow ing resolution, which was adopted: —
Resolved, That, in view of the immense importance today of the information it conveys
concerning our work in the foreign fields, the Missionary Herald is commended to all our people, and they are urged to subscribe for it. And we heartily commend the efforts
of our new Editorial Secretary to make it all that can be desired for fullness o f matter
and attractiveness of form.
R ev. H . M . T en n ey m ade an address concerning the T an k M issionary H om e
at Oberlin, and urging increased g ifts fo r its support and further endowment.
T h e m issionaries about to depart for their fields were presented, and rem arks
were made by R ev. D . M . R ogers, R ev. A . W . Staub, R ev. and M rs. P. B. Kennedy.
Mr. E . H . R hoades, o f the Business Com m ittee, offered the follow ing resolutions,
and they were ad o p ted : —
Resolved, That to the Rev. Dr. Albert H. Plumb, of Boston, one of the oldest and most honored of the Corporate Members of this Board, and for many years an influential
member of its Prudential Committee, this Board sends most tender greeting, with a grateful recognition of his signal service to the Church of Christ both at home and abroad, and with the earnest prayer that from the serious malady under which he has suffered he
may be spared for yet many years to the work for which his whole life has been a rejoicing
sacrifice.W e, the members of this Board, clearly recognize that much of the marked success
and inspiration of these meetings are due to the thorough and complete preparations
made by this church before the meetings opened, and to the untiring labors of the pastor and associate pastor and the membership of the church during the past three days.
W e also recognize and appreciate the cheerful cooperation and sympathy shown us
by the citizens of Cleveland, as well as the generous hospitality extended to us.W e remember with gratitude the services of the chorus, and of the Oberlin Volunteers
in charge of the missionary exhibit.
We go to our respective homes with greater knowledge of the work, and we trust
with greater zeal and with more faith in the One who bade us “ go in His name.”
W e wish especially to urge upon our members the importance of this Laymen’s
Movement as a strong aid to the work.For the above and many other things done for us, and which have contributed to make
these meetings such a marked success, we wish to extend to one and all of the above our most hearty thanks.
R em arks w ere m ade b y R ev. C . W . Carroll, o f the Com m ittee of A rrangem ents,
in beh alf o f the churches and people o f Cleveland.
P resident Capen m ade response in beh alf o f the Board.
T h e M inutes w ere read and approved in full.
P rayer w as offered by R ev. A . J. Lym an, and the B oard adjourned to meet
in B rooklyn, in O ctober, 1908.
H . A . S t im s o x , Recording Secretary.
Report o f Committees at the Annual Meeting, 1907
Committee on the Report of the Home DepartmentRev. W. H. Day, Chairman
W e have been asked to be brief. O f the qualities of statesm anship and
business capacity so conspicuous in this report we have no time to speak. W e
desire to em phasize tw o points in w hich the churches m ay cooperate — the
m ethods of p u blicity and of education.
M ethods o f P tiblicity . — T h e publication of the E nvelope Series, leaflets, H om e
S ecretary ’s bulletin, w ith the H erald,, m et the needs of p u blicity adm irably. W e
have experiences like th at in the econom ic world. W e have developed ability to
produce splendid literature, bu t fa il in sufficient distribution. U pon us, the
average pastors and laymen, rests the task o f connecting the man with the litera
ture. W e com m end the suggested m erger o f m agazines, and hope that the pres
ent excellent m ethods o f distributing the M issionary H e r a ld m ay afford a m odel
for the distribution o f the new periodical. W e recom m end that the details be
intrusted to the A d v iso ry Com m ittee. I f this be accom plished we believe the
pastor m ay hope to secure its adm ission to the fam ily periodical tables in his
parish.
The M ethods o f Education. — T h e adoption of the A pportionm ent Plan
prom ises to be educational. I t m ay a ct as a “ pacem aker,” and be as valuable in
benevolence as in athletics. N o th in g in the past year has seem ed more signifi
cant than the Laym en ’s M ovem ent. T h e m agnitude o f the m issionary enterprise
and the high sagacity of the officers o f the B oard appeal to the im agination of
men. It is m an’s business, and m ust be brought to men. T h e vigorous exten
sion o f the w ork o f the Y o u n g People’s M ovem ent m et the hearty approval of the
com m ittee. T h is type of longer-tim ed investm ent will u ltim ately pay dividends.
T h e skillfu l cam paign o f education am ong our you n g people is already show ing
results. W e are happy to realize afresh the spirit of aggressive, resourceful
enterprise w hich pervades the work of the H om e D epartm ent.
Committee on the Report of the Foreign DepartmentRev. A. W. Vernon, Chairman
Y o u r com m ittee congratulates the m em bers and supporters o f the A m erican
B oard upon another y ear’s p rogress am ong the com m unities where it labors. It
notes with regret th at the w ork in M icronesia has been halted during the p ast year,
possib ly by the consciousness o f the eventual transfer o f a large part of it to the
G erm an societies, certain ly by the depletion through illness and enforced furloughs
of alm ost half its w orkin g force, and b y the failure either to equip or to replace
the M orn in g S ta r , w h ich has prohibited necessary intercourse am ong the different
islands. It notes w ith apprehension the continued indifference o f the proportion
ately large num ber o f the A m erican s in our new possession a t G uam and our
am azing in ability to strengthen the difficult and experim ental w ork in the Philippines
b y the sending o f a physician there,
xvi
It has follow ed with great interest, but with confident faith , the opposition o f
the Portuguese authorities in A fr ica and o f the E nglish governor o f N atal, by
which the expansion and the very existence o f our missions are threatened.
It desires to assure of its sym pathy those m issionaries, particularly in European
T urkey, w hose w ork fo r the kingdom of G od is overshadow ed b y the unrest and
turmoil in the kingdom s of men, and those m issionaries, particularly in India, who
have vain ly aw aited indispensable reenforcem ents, who have been forced to turn
whole v illages from Jesus C h rist and to transfer the care of large districts, in which
they have labored and for w hich they have prayed, to other organizations.
In sight o f these and sim ilar facts, it begs for an increase in fa ith and a
decrease o f trivia lity am ong the churches of A m erica.
Y o u r com m ittee further records its great thankfulness for the unm erited bless
ings w hich G od has bestow ed upon all the fields of our endeavor. It calls your
attention first o f all to the great aw akening at O orfa and at Shao-wu, and to the
universally large increase in the m em bership o f our m issionary churches, reaching
to one-eighth o f the entire body o f C hristians in N orth China, to alm ost one-seventh
in Japan, and to one-fifth in the sm aller work in G u am ; and it would direct your
attention to the follow in g facts, w hich it deem s especially n otew orthy: T o the stabil
ity obtained in M exico by the incorporation of a real estate com pany fo r the holding
o f m ission p ro p e rty ; to the advantageous rem oval o f the T ientsin s ta tio n ; to the
wise com pact o f the M icronesian M ission b y which the w ork in the Caroline and
M arshall Islands is to be gradually transferred to the Liebenzeller M ission o f G erm any,
the country to w hose political control the islands have recently p a ss e d ; to the
striking concessions m ade by the sultan to the work of our m issionaries in A sia
M inor; to the increased governm ent grants to our w ork in In d ia; to the great
openings for Protestantism in R u ssia and M oravia, and to the enlargem ent of our
forces through the sailing o f new m issio n aries; to the developm ent of the possibili
ties o f self-support through industrial equipm ent and of the principle of self-support
am ong the students in our schools and colleges as well as am ong our ch u rc h e s; to
the establishm ent o f a native hom e m issionary society for evangelistic w ork in the
North C hina M iss io n ; to the increase in the native forces everyw here and in their
ability as teachers and p a sto rs ; to the effective opium refuges o f our Shansi
M iss io n ; to the beginnings of w ork am ong the M an ch u s; to the com m encem ent
o f interest in C hristian ity am ong the ruling classes o f C hin a; to the p lacin g of
Bible-wom en in its official fam ilies ; to the steady grow th of the m edical w ork every-
■where and to the establishm ent o f clinics in the village churches o f our F oochow
M iss io n s; to the large num ber o f church buildings that are bein g erected all over
the field and th at testify to the perm anence o f the w o r k ; and finally and chiefly, to
the grow in g conviction o f the first im portance o f educational work, to the rem arkable
C hristianization o f the pupils in our educational institutions, the universal experience
being only a little outdone b y the record o f the N orth C hina C ollege, where all the
pupils bu t one are Christians, and o f the g ir ls ’ boardin g school a t M onastir in
European T u rk ey , where every’ graduate is a m em ber o f our evangelical church,
and to the g rea t and unique opportunity unexpectedly and y e t in evitably open to
the graduates o f our wom en’s colleges in C hina b y the action o f the governm ent
in establish ing schools fo r women, for w hich alm ost the only availab le teachers are
those w hich our m issions are able to supply.
In v iew o f these facts, it rejoices in the la .g e and m iraculous results o f work
in the kingdom o f G od. A n d it com m ends the reports o f the various m issions to
the careful readin g o f the churches.
Report o f Committees at the Annua! Meeting xvii
Committee on the Treasurer’s ReportCharles A. Hall, Chairman
A CAREFUL perusal of the T reasurer’s report leaves the im pression that a very
large business has been transacted w ith great econom y and fidelity. T h e financial
side o f the problem of foreign missions, while not as interesting in its details nor
as inspiring in its history as those o f the m ission fields, is ye t v ita lly im portant
and should receive every year the m ost careful attention of the Corporate M em bers.
T h e plans adopted b y the B oard fo r keeping its accounts, including the
careful annual scrutiny of a special exam iner, who is also a p u blic auditor, with
the added testim ony of three capable and experienced business men, show that its
Prudential Com m ittee has not been unaware o f the im portance o f thoroughness in
this direction. T h e clear and careful statem ent presented b y the T reasurer shows,
expenditures for m issions of $786,848.51, again st $768,530.98 last year, w ith a total
expense fo r adm inistration, agencies, and publication o f S90.783.44, the expense
a ggregatin g a little more than ten per cent of the total expenditures.
If a business o f nearly $1,000,000, involving vast detail, the correspondence
w ith representatives in all quarters of the world, the g iv in g o f inform ation to a large
constituency at home, and the collection o f funds from churches, individuals, soci
eties, and legacies, can show an expense ratio o f only a little over ten per cent, it
is, w ithout doubt, econom ically and efficiently handled. T h e p ity o f it is that the
salaries o f m issionaries and w orkers m ust be kept at such beggarly rates because
of the grea t needs of the w ork and o f the com paratively sm all g ifts of the con
stituency. Still, we are thankful th at the B oard has as m any frien d s as it has;
and w hile this has not been the largest year fo r collections in the history of the
A m erican B oard, the am ount of contributions is extrem ely gratify in g, and shows
a constant and abid in g interest in the w ork of the Board.
T h e receipts credited to legacies have been unusually large, and we are glad
to note the adoption o f the plan for reserving legacies and d istribu tin g the ex
penditures over a num ber o f years. A sim ilar plan has been in operation in one
o f the sister hom e societies for a num ber o f years, and has been found to give
great satisfaction, and its adoption b y the A m erican Board, w ith the result of
p u ttin g the T w en tieth C entury Fund at w ork, has dem onstrated the wisdom of the
collection of th at fund.
It would be v ery desirable if it could be increased to the original amount
proposed — $250,000 — b u t even in its present proportions it is doing excellent
work, and will m aintain in a m easure stability and uniform ity in the receipts of
the B oard.
O w in g to the increased cost o f liv in g the expenses o f the B oard fo r the
current year, w ithout enlargem ent o f the w ork, w ill be necessarily greater than
they have been during the year just past. Consequently, the du ty is la id upon all
the friends o f the Board, and particularly upon the C orporate M em bers, to aid the
H om e S ecretary and the D istric t Secretaries in augm enting the interest o f our
churches and their people in this g rea t w ork, so dear to all w ho are hoping and
p rayin g th at “ the kingdom s of this w o rld ” m ay “ becom e the kingdom s of our
Lord and o f his C hrist.”
xviii Report o f Committees at the Annual Meeting
Report of the Prudential Committee1906-1907
HOME DEPARTMENT
The Year’s Problems
T h e Board started upon the work of its ninety-seventh year under pecul
iarly happy circumstances. The success of the financial campaign of the
previous year, resulting in the wiping out of a very large debt, with the
inspiring nature o f the exercises at the last Annual Meeting incident to
the celebration of the centennial of the Haystack Prayer Meeting, furnished
a background for the efforts of the new year of a peculiarly favorable char
acter. The exercises at North Adams and W illiamstown kindled the churches
to a missionary zeal such as they have not evinced in recent years. A new
note o f courage and expectancy was heard in many sermons and addresses,
and our constituency was increased by the addition of many new friends.
The Prudential Committee, in planning the work o f the year, was grateful
for these encouragements, and was not unmindful of the bearing o f such
conditions upon the financial problem.
Certain other factors, however, of a less favorable nature, we were
obliged to consider with equal care. It was evident there could be no repeti
tion of such a financial campaign as was carried on in the year 1905-06. On
the other hand, the holding back of missionary appointments during the same
year rendered it necessary to reenforce the missions more liberally than
usual during the year just closed. It was a case where the economy o f one
year placed an extra burden upon the year that followed. It was also kept
prominently in mind that in recent years the work of the Board had ex
panded to such an extent as to increase our budget by not less than $100,000,
while there had been no corresponding increase in receipts so far as normal
years were concerned.
Under these conditions, the Committee decided to allow a reasonable
increase in missionary appointment for the relief o f the pressing needs
of the missions, but not to advance the appropriations for what we call
“ general work.” This term covers all expenses on the field over and above
the salaries o f missionaries. It includes such items as employment o f native
workers, conduct o f schools, hospitals, industrial plants, aid to churches,
touring o f missionaries, publications, etc. It is evident that the general
work is the work o f the Board. It is essentially the work for which our
missionaries are sent out. The salaries of the men and women at the front
and on furlough, by the nature of the case, must be a first charge upon the
treasury. So i f there is to be any retrenchment it must be in the item
“ general work.” F or several years the appropriations for this purpose
have remained practically at $121,000, and the inability o f the Board to
increase that amount has caused unspeakable disappointment and hardship
to the missionaries.1
2 Home Department
It was inevitable, then, that these men and women should feel keenly
the fact that notwithstanding the great centennial success they were to have
no more opportunity for expanding their work than for several years past.
The courageous spirit in which they received the news gave abundant
evidence, i f any was needed, that these representatives o f ours sympathize
with us in the peculiar difficulties besetting the Board in recent years, and
are willing to shape their plans to the restricted resources we have provided.
Until the gap between receipts and expenditures on the present basis of
appropriations is closed, or there is prospect of its being closed, any general
expansion o f the work to meet the present unparalleled opportunities would
seem to be precluded.
Increased Cost o f WorK
The question is frequently asked as to why the Prudential Committee
has allowed the cost o f the work to increase so materially above the receipts
o f normal years. The question is a fair one and every contributor to the
Board is entitled to a frank and plain answer. A t the outset it should be
kept in mind that the expenses o f the year cannot be foreseen with the
exactness possible in ordinary business or philanthropic undertakings.
Certain appropriations can be made on the basis o f a known budget of
expense, such as salaries, general work, etc.; but to a considerable extent the
best we can do at the beginning of a year is to estimate the outgo. When
it is recalled that we are operating in many parts o f the world, in many
climes, under many flags, and that exigencies are liable to arise at any time
from governmental changes and physical disasters, such as earthquake, flood,
cyclone and fire, it is evident there must be a considerable degree o f uncer
tainty as to our expenses over a period o f twelve months. W e would
mention also several special causes for the enforced increase in our budget.
The increased cost o f living in recent years is a world-wide fact having an
important bearing upon our work. It would have been simply inhuman not
to advance the salaries o f the missionaries in certain o f our fields. And
where we have not taken such a step the missionaries have been placed
under such an unusual strain financially, that in many cases they have been
obliged to ask special aid, which the Committee has granted under the
feeling that the contributors to the Board would vigorously disapprove of
any other course. T he expense o f missionaries and their families on fur
lough or at home for special reasons has increased to a considerable
extent in recent years, $7,631 in the past year alone. The explanation of
this is to be found partly in the increased cost o f living in this country and
partly in the fact (a very sad one to relate, and more o f a confession than
an explanation) that our missionaries, facing unprecedented opportunities
under modern world conditions, and finding themselves unable to enter into
them on account o f the lack o f proper means, have done what any coura
geous, consecrated worker would do— redoubled their own efforts, attempting
to do their own work and that o f many others.; The inevitable result has
Home Department 3
happened. They have broken down under the strain, and are forced to take
longer and more frequent periods o f rest.
Another important element in the increase of expense is the fact that
educational and philanthropic work everywhere is growing more complex
and hence more expensive. It requires more men and more apparatus.
The cost o f our colleges in Am erica has increased appreciably in recent
years and is still increasing. W hile the American Board institutions do not
attempt to equal those at home in the matter o f equipment, they cannot and
should not refuse altogether to improve their condition in order to keep pace
with the larger demands of the times. In a number of instances large
governmental grants to our schools depend upon our maintaining a certain
grade of efficiency. W ithout these grants we would be unable to sustain
institutions which are of the utmost value.
But, after all, the most important reason for the steadily climbing expense
account is the success of the work itself. This is a growing work, and who
would have it otherwise? It grows because it is a vine o f the Lord’s own
planting, because God’s own spirit is behind it and through it. The work is
bound to succeed and no man can stop it. T he Prudential Committee and
officers o f the Board are utterly powerless to prevent the increasing demands
of our missions; and perhaps least o f all men should we desire to do so.
W e do not so desire, but on the contrary rejoice over them as unmistakable
signs o f the divine approval. W e believe that a proper exercise o f faith
requires us to take into consideration the response of the churches as well
as the calls o f the missions, and that we should not be expected to appropriate
money for which there is no reasonable prospect. The policy o f the Com
mittee is definite, and established, we trust, beyond recall that we are not
knowingly to go into debt. A t the same time we are forced to recognize
that in such a prospering work as this a certain steady increase o f cost will
be unavoidable, until the native churches are able to assume a much larger
degree o f self-support than has been achieved thus far. The leaven planted
among the nations by the founders of the Board and those who followed
them is working mightily in our day. Other men have labored and we have
entered into their labors. It is not for us to complain but rather to rejoice
and to give ourselves to the increasingly glorious task.
Financial Result
Under the circumstances described above we feel that the financial out
come of the year is by no means discouraging. W ithout repeating the
detailed account contained in the Treasurer’s Report, it may be stated here
that our receipts from all sources were $978,876.12. O f this $85,417.39 was
paid in during September and October, 1906, as a part of the Million Dollar
Campaign o f the previous year, and was applied to the old debt. This was
reported verbally at the last annual meeting. The sum of $58,492.03 has
been carried forward to the Surplus Legacy Account in accordance with the
Twentieth Century Fund plan. The balance o f $834,966.70 was applied to
current expenses, falling short $36,635.52 of the amount needed.
4 Home Department
Undoubtedly the situation has been saved by the unusual amount received
from legacies, $166,830.54 in all. W ithout the increment here our debt would
have reached very serious proportions. There was a falling off in donations
from the living, as compared with the previous year, o f $121,108.72. This
is a larger loss than we had expected after making allowance for the natural
reaction after the Million Dollar Campaign. There has been, however, a
goodly gain over normal years which would seem to indicate an upward tend
ency. The receipts from churches, Sunday schools, Christian Endeavor
Societies, and individuals, not including gifts to the W oman’s Boards, reveal
the real situation as to the trend o f our finances. Receipts from these
sources for the past ten years have been as follows:
1898 . $250,832.46 1903 . • $33°>754-n1899 . 290,297.57 1904 . 327,669.361900 . 301,761.72 1905 . 322,192.441901 . 310,542.26 1906 . 470,073.951902 . 290,224.70 1907 . 356,328.87
1 $436,079.60, including contributions to the debt.
Cultivation o f Legacies
It should be borne in mind that while legacy receipts are not as accurate
a measure o f missionary interest in the churches as are donations, they do,
to no small degree, reflect the attitude o f our constituents. The principal
legacy o f the year was written during the year, under influences which are
typical o f such as might prevail in other cases. The idea that there is no
discoverable law as to legacy writing is not warranted by the facts. The
state o f mind which leads to the making o f testamentary bequests is one
that can be cultivated; and it is the purpose o f the Home Department o f the
Board to make such cultivation one o f its important functions. From such
information as has come to us we are inclined to discredit the prevailing
idea that the day o f legacies is past. On the contrary, we believe that if the
Corporate Members of the Board exert themselves to commend the Board to
those who are drawing their wills, and, above all, set an inspiring exam p le
in the matter, we shall see a steadily increasing income from this source.
Donations to our Conditional G ift Fund, on which annuities are paid,
while not in the same category with legacies, are of a sufficiently similar
nature to warrant us in regarding them as a thermometer o f missionary
interest. The steady increase in this fund in recent years is one of our
distinctly encouraging features. Even should this method of remembering
the Board, containing as it does, so many advantages, divert sums which
might otherwise come to us as legacies, the advantage is so clearly ours
that such a tendency is to be rejoiced in and encouraged. Our C o rp o rate
Members and friends generally can do the Board a great service by com
mending the Annuity Plan to their friends.
T he fund now stands at $582,903.41. The number o f givers is 186.
Tw enty-four new gifts have been received during the year, aggregating
Home Department 5
$48,35°- The amount o f gifts maturing during the year, and thus becoming
applicable to our work, was $32,500.
Appointment o f Missionaries
D uring the year we have appointed thirty-eight new missionaries, o f whom
twenty-three have left for the field. The schedule o f appointments is as
follow s: —
West Central A frica : Rev. and Mrs. W illiam Clark Bell, sailed May 30,
from Boston; Helen H. Stover.
South African M ission, Rhodesian Branch: Miss Minnie Clarke, o f Mel-
setter, A frica , was appointed August 6.
European Turkey: Miss Inez L. Abbott, sailed August 24, from Montreal,
to be associated with Miss Maltbie in the Girls’ School at Samokov. Rev.
and Mrs. Phineas B. Kennedy will probably sail in October, directly after
the Board meeting.
Western Turkey: Miss Madeline Gile, sailed August 7, from N ew York.
Central Turkey: Miss A lice C. Bewer sailed September 14, from Boston,
having been appointed as assistant missionary and nurse for work in Aintab.
Rev. and Mrs. Fred Field Goodsell are just beginning their work in this
mission.
Eastern Turkey: Miss E. Gertrude Rogers, sailed from Boston, Septem
ber 14, for Van.
Marathi: Rev. and Mrs. Robert Ernest Hume, sailed August 24, from
New Y o rk ; and on September 3, from the same port, Prof. and Mrs.
Charles H. Burr, Miss Clara Harding Bruce, and Miss Elizabeth H. Viles,
while Mr. and Mrs. David Carroll Churchill, already on the field, have been
appointed as regular missionaries.
Ceylon: Miss Zillah W inifred Scott-Patten as assistant missionary and
nurse.
Foochow: Miss Grace Funk reached Foochow, December 23; Miss E liza
beth Perkins sailed from Seattle, September 10, while Miss Ruth Porter
W ard expects to leave in November for this mission.
South China: Misses Edna and Vida Low rey have been appointed to
this mission, probably going to their field within a few months.
North China: Miss Mabel A. Ellis, sailed from San Francisco, Septem
ber 24.
Shansi: Rev. W atts O. P ye sailed from San Francisco, September 24;
Miss Daisie P. Gehman will leave in October, while Rev. and Mrs. Charles S.
Tubbs have been appointed to this mission, but will not leave for the field
for another year. Mr. Albert W illiam Staub and Miss Jane Frederica
McIntosh will probably leave for Shansi in the spring o f 1908.
Japan: Miss Julia C. H ocking sailed September 24, and Misses Grace H.
and M ary E. Stowe expect to leave in the spring.
Under Appointment but Field not Designated: Rev. D. Miner Rogers and
Rev. Vinton P. Eastman.
6 Home Department
Return o f Missionaries
The missionaries returning to their respective fields have been as
follow s: —
South A frica , Z u lu : Rev. and Mrs. Frederick B. Bridgman.
W est Central A frica : Rev. W alter T . and Mrs. Currie and Mrs. Marion
M. Webster.
Western Turkey: Miss Emma D. Cushman, Dr. and Mrs. W illiam S.
Dodd, Miss M ary E. Kinney, and Miss Lillian F. Cole.
Marathi: Rev. and Mrs. H enry G. Bissell.
Madura: Miss M ary M. Root.
Japan: Miss M ary E. W ainwright.
Publications
There has been no change in the number or character o f the publications
o f the Board during the past year. W e feel that with our present series of
periodicals and leaflets, supplemented by statements in the religious weeklies
and the secular press, we are putting out in an effective w ay a very large
body of missionary literature which is well distributed among our con
stituents and the general religious public.
The Missionary Herald. W e have welcomed the new personality and pen
o f Rev. W illiam E. Strong as A cting Editor o f the Herald, and as in
charge o f the literary work o f the Board generally. This increase to our
official staff was the more welcome in view of the fact that our veteran
editor, Dr. E. E . Strong, was called upon to devote all o f his time to the
Foreign Department during the absence of Sec. James L. Barton on the
deputation to China. Beginning with the January issue the Herald ap
peared in a new and improved form as to paper, typography, and arrange
ment o f matter. The change has met with general approval, and we are
constantly receiving letters from readers complimenting the Board upon the
character o f its organ. M ore money might easily be spent upon this period
ical in the w ay o f illustrations and embellishments, and a great deal more
money is spent in such ways by some other foreign missionary boards; but
we are o f the opinion that the Herald as now issued answers the purposes
o f a general, popular missionary monthly exceedingly well. W e are glad to
report that the subscription list is steadily growing, and that we have reason
to expect it will continue to grow. W e consider that no member o f our
churches who desires to be well informed upon the affairs o f the Kingdom
can afford to be without this magazine. On a recent public occasion one of
the foremost journalists o f the country paid a glowing tribute to the Mission
ary Herald as one o f the leading factors in bringing in the newer and larger
community life o f the world through its diffusion o f interesting and impor
tant information in regard to the people o f other lands and its inculcation
o f the ideals o f universal brotherhood.
Other Publications. The Board has continued to furnish articles fo r the
Congregational Work, the effort being to print in this inexpensive and
Home Department 7
widely circulated paper material o f as great value as we are accustomed to
put out in other ways. The increased labor expended in this direction is
already meeting with a favorable response. The Almanac is issued every
year, and is steadily gaining a larger place for itself as a valuable com
pendium of the work of the Board and of the foreign missionary enterprise
generally, not only among our own constituents, but among workers under
other boards. The “ Envelope Series” is a little quarterly, carrying the
valuable privilege o f government second class rates, in which we can place
before the churches in very inexpensive form such longer articles, biograph
ical sketches, etc., as do not naturally find room in the Herald. W e are
under obligations to the authors o f these various articles for their voluntary
services in m aterially enriching our literature, much of their w ork being
of permanent value. The Home Secretary issues a quarterly news bulletin
of four pages, modeled after the financial bulletins with which business men
are familiar, which is mailed to a very large list o f people, selected with
reference to their ability to contribute by work or wealth to the foreign
missionary cause. It is proving to be a valuable agency, not only fo r the
dissemination of information among those who do not ordinarily read our
other publications, but also for immediate financial returns.
Press Work. W e have continued to make large use o f The Congrega-
tionalist and the Advance in setting our work and its needs before the
churches. B y paying for space in these journals we have been able to keep
our work before our constituents at weekly intervals, thereby creating an
atmosphere of interest and expectancy which facilitates the securing o f funds.
Realizing that the secular press is today the mightiest agency for the dis
semination o f information, and that it is important to create a favorable
attitude toward the foreign missionary work on the part o f thinking people
generally, we have secured the services o f Miss Frances J. Dyer, a trained
journalist, to prepare for the daily papers such missionary articles and news
items as they are willing to accept and which may bear more or less directly
upon the work and interests o f the Am erican Board. Although this effort
is a new one, not having continued more than four months, we have already
arranged with about fifty newspapers to receive syndicate material, while not
a few leading articles of an exclusive nature have been sent to the better
known dailies. W e believe this movement has large possibilities o f useful
ness in it, and we are gratified to find how willing the secular papers are to
print missionary news when it is presented in a journalistic way. Some of
the leading papers o f the country are on our list and receiving articles at
stated times.Leaflets, etc. Few er leaflets than usual have been issued during the past
year, the list being as fo llow s: Annual Sermon, Annual Report, “ Station Plan
Leaflet,” “ Otao, P o ! ” “ The Sunday School Teacher as a Missionary
Leader,” “ M issionary Enterprise in China,” “ Ten Points on Christian E n
deavor O fferings,” “ Nine Points on Sunday School Offerings,” “ Their Reflex
Influence,” “ Eight Facts as to Foreign Missions,” “ Aruppukottai Station
Leaflet,” “ Station Plan Questions Answered,” “ Do Y o u K n ow ?” “ Christ’s
8 Home Department
Influence in A sia ,” “ Mt. Silinda Station,” “ Laymen’s M issionary Move
ment,” “ Imperative Need,” “ Harpoot Station Circular,” and “ The Hero of
the H aystack.”
The leading publication of the year was the Haystack Centennial volume,
which has been received as a permanent and highly valuable contribution
to missionary literature. In its preparation we were aided by the editorial
oversight of Rev. Frederick H. Means.
Proposed Merging o f the Herald
W e have received from the General Secretary o f the Congregational
Home M issionary Society a carefully worked out plan for the m erging of
the magazines o f all the Congregational Benevolent Societies into a joint
publication. The plan differs from former proposals for the reduction of
the number o f missionary magazines in that it contemplates issuing four
numbers a month, one to be devoted to the Am erican Board, one to the
Congregational Home M issionary Society, one to the American Missionary
Association, and the other for the Church Building Society, Congregational
Education Society, Sunday School and Publishing Society, and Ministerial
Aid. In view o f the importance of the subject both to us and the allied
interests, we think the Board itself should take action in the matter. We,
therefore, recommend that consideration be given to the proposal at this
meeting.
History o f the Board
In the matter o f publishing a history o f the Board the instructions of the
last annual meeting were to the effect that there should be two histories, a
shorter, popular treatise to be issued in time for the Board’s centennial, and
a more elaborate and scientific account in two volumes. The preparation
o f the former was conditioned upon the securing of a guarantee fund of
$5,000 to cover the cost; while for the latter a guarantee fund o f $25,000
was required.
E arly in the year this important matter was taken up by the Prudential
Committee. The first concern was as to the smaller, popular history. As
the work which had been done during the two previous years by Mr. Edward
W arren Capen had been directed to the production of a larger work of two
volumes, encyclopedic and scientific in character, it was necessary to secure
a special editor for the shorter work. Being disappointed in their efforts
in this direction the Committee concluded to drop the matter for the present,
in the expectation that such a history can be written in time for the
centenary o f the Board in 1910.
Turning to the project for the larger work, the Committee was con
fronted with the condition imposed by the Board, looking to the securing of
a fund o f $25,000 to guarantee the cost before any further expense should
be incurred. Inquiry among the most liberal givers to the Board, and those
most likely to be interested in such an undertaking, revealed the condition
that such a guarantee fund could not be secured without entrenching upon
Home Department 9
our regular resources, i f indeed at all. There was, then, in the judgment
of the Committee, no other course but to relinquish the project o f the
larger work. This conclusion was reached most reluctantly in view o f the
painstaking and faithful services o f Mr. Edward W arren Capen in investi
gating the early records o f the Board and preparing manuscript for the
opening chapters o f the book. His manuscript and notes are the property
of the Board, and will prove o f value when the project for a history takes
final form. Mr. Capen, being released from this work, was able to arrange,
independently o f the Board, for an extensive tour o f mission fields for the
purpose of studying the work abroad from a sociological as well as religious
point of view. The Prudential Committee expressed their appreciation of
Mr. Capen’s scholarly services, and all friends o f the Board will rejoice over
the opportunity which is now before him.
District Offices
The reports o f the three District Secretaries are appended to the report
of the Home Department as integral parts o f the same. Speaking so fully
for themselves they do not need particular mention here. The foreign tour
of Sec. C. C. Creegan of the Middle District and Sec. A . N. Hitchcock
of the Interior District occupied nearly all o f the year, and naturally
made it necessary for the work of their respective offices to be reduced in
amount and modified in character. For the oversight of the N ew Y ork
office we were glad to avail ourselves of the services o f three missionaries
on furlough, Revs. H enry G. Bissell, John J. Banninga, and W illiam M.
Zumbro, by far the larger part of the period being covered by Mr. Zumbro.
The interests of the Chicago office were cared for by another missionary,
Rev. Irving M. Channon. A ll of these brethren proved themselves capable
in the administration of the home interests o f the Board and have placed
the constituents o f these two districts under obligation. There has not been
time since the closing o f our books, September 5, to make a detailed study
as to the returns o f the different districts so as to draw instructive com
parisons with other years. Such deductions, however, will be presented in
the Missionary Herald in the near future.
Department for Young People and Education
It has been customary for Mr. H arry W ade Hicks, in charge o f this
department, to prepare a separate report to be attached to that o f the Home
Department. H is absence at the present time on a foreign tour makes this
impossible. The work for our young people is so varied and extensive and
involves such an amount o f detail that no attempt at a complete survey o f
its operations will be made this year. The main lines o f effort look to
the building up o f missionary interest in the Sunday schools, the young
people’s societies, and in young people as individuals. In the sphere o f the
Sunday school our attention has been given to the encouraging of the move
ment looking to mission study as a part o f the regular work o f the school.
IO Home Department
Progress in this direction has been rapid, and, in cooperation with the Con
gregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, a literature will soon be
produced so that any school desiring to devote a quarter’s lessons to mission
study will have suitable material. The w ork o f organizing, conducting, and
supplying mission study classes is another important function of this depart
ment. In cooperation with similar departments in other Boards, through
the Y oung People’s M issionary Movement as a general clearing house, steady
progress is being made in mission study and in many other lines o f activity
for young people. Realizing that a great many of our young people, espe
cially young men, are not connected with any young people’s organization
in their church, it has seemed necessary to make plans for reaching them in
special ways. H aving in mind particularly the importance o f interesting
the young men, Mr. Hicks has been released from his duties for a sufficient
time to make an extensive foreign trip. The main purpose o f this is to equip
him through a first-hand knowledge o f the missions for extensive work in
behalf o f the young men of our churches. The work which the Student
Volunteer Movement is accomplishing in securing missionary recruits needs
to be duplicated among the young men o f the churches in behalf o f the
better support o f those who go abroad. W e consider that in the future such
a line o f activity is likely to prove the leading function of this newest of
our departments.
Adm inistrative Matters
The Prudential Committee organized at the beginning o f the year by the
election o f Rev. Edward C. Moore, d .d ., as Chairman, and Rev. E. E.
Strong, d .d ., as Clerk. During the year thirty-one meetings were held, it
being possible in every instance to obtain a quorum. The discussions around
the committee table have not differed m aterially from those o f other years.
T he Committee secured from the Massachusetts legislature an amendment
to our charter, in accordance with the instructions o f the Board at North
Adams, by which we are permitted temporarily to fill any vacancies that may
arise in executive offices or in the Prudential Committee until the following
meeting o f the Board. Although one o f our number, Rev. E. H. Byington,
was compelled to resign his membership, it did not seem best to make use of
the new privilege by designating any successor. The consolidation o f the
work o f the foreign departments under a single secretary has worked advan
tageously, notwithstanding the fact that the Senior Secretary, Rev. James L.
Barton, d .d ., has been absent during much o f the year on the China
Deputation.A uxiliary Societies
It is hardly necessary for us to repeat year after year our sense of
appreciation o f the- splendid work being done by the W om an’s Board,
W oman’s Board o f the Interior, and W oman’s Board o f the Pacific. The
steady and increasing stream o f contributions coming from the women of
our churches is the best possible tribute to the efficiency o f these auxiliaries.
T o the Board o f Missions for the Congregational Churches o f Canada, to the
Congregational Sunday School and Publishing Society, the Am erican Bible
Society, the Am erican T ract Society, and the National Arm enian and Indian
Relief Association, we again desire to extend heartfelt thanks for assistance
of the utmost value in the line indicated by the purpose o f each society.
Necrology
W e have the sad duty o f reporting that the following Corporate Members
have died since the annual meeting o f 1906: —
D. W illis James, m .a . , of N ew York, elected in 1871; Rev. Charles A.
Dickinson, o f California, elected in 1886; Edward P. Ingersoll, d .d., of New
York, elected in 1894; James B. W illiams, o f Connecticut, elected in 1896;
Charles P. Peirce, o f New York, elected in 1897; Richard B. Borden, o f
Massachusetts, elected in 1904; and W arren M. Crosby, o f Kansas, elected
in 1904.
This is a distinguished list, including, as it does, men of national reputa
tion who have rendered valuable service to the Board in personal ways and
have also contributed generously to its funds.
In view of the special relation to the Board of Mr. D . W illis James, as
Vice-President from 1897 to 1900, and as a Corporate Member since 1871, it
is fitting that we should make particular mention of our appreciation of him
and his valuable services to the Board. Although concerned in business
affairs o f great magnitude, and giving him self freely to numerous religious,
educational, and philanthropic organizations in the home land, he kept his
eyes open to the needs o f the world at large, and throughout his life made
the foreign w ork of the church one of his leading interests. He was ever
ready to receive the missionaries and officers o f the Board and listen to their
problems sympathetically and to extend the aid o f his advice or financial
help. He followed with deep interest the work of the missions, and watched
the financial and administrative side of the w ork with equal care. Gentle and
retiring in manner, independent in judgment and firm in purpose, Mr. James
stood among us at these annual meetings and throughout the year as one of
the most valuable members the Board has possessed in its long history, a
Christian business man of exemplary qualities, who may well serve as the
type o f the corporate members we should seek to bring into the Board in
the future. (Prospects
Tw o new factors in the home work claim our attention as we look out
into the future. They are the Laymen’s Missionary Movement and the
Apportionment Plan o f Church Contributions. W e consider both to be timely
and to promise well for the future.
Laymen’s Movement. W e may consider the new interdenominational
movement among laymen as the direct fruit o f our Haystack Centennial.
Early in our preparations for the meeting at North Adams and Williamstown
it became apparent that some celebration o f an undenominational nature was
desirable. The suggestion o f such a meeting in New Y o rk City in November
arose from our Board, and all the arrangements were entered into with our
hearty cooperation. The meeting, although offering a remarkably rich pro
Home Department " n
12 Home Department
gram, did not attract as large numbers as was hoped for. The significant
thing, however, was that it was made the occasion for a gathering o f business
men, out o f which sprung the Laymen’s M issionary Movement. The original
suggestion o f this new agency was from one of our Congregational laymen
o f Washington, D. C., Mr. John B. Sl'eman, Jr., and the Am erican Board
was honored by the selection of Mr. Samuel B. Capen as its president. It is
not necessary here to go into details as to the plans for this organization,
the more so as its merits and possibilities are to be set forth in connection
with the program of this meeting. But the Prudential Committee and officers
o f the Board desire in this report, as they have already by resolution, to wel
come the movement as a providential help at the opening of the new century
o f modern missions.
Apportionment Plan. W e welcome also the plan for a better recognition
and distribution o f the financial obligation of the churches towards the
foreign work. The National A dvisory Committee, after carefully surveying
the entire field o f Congregational benevolent enterprise, recommended to the
churches the raising o f $2,000,000, o f which the American Board should
receive $860,000. This with the estimated sum from legacies, etc., would
give a million dollars a year. Our quota, with the sums for the other benev
olent societies, was apportioned, not as a tax, but as a fraternal suggestion,
to the various states through their associations, with the request that they
in turn in some appropriate w ay apportion to the local churches. In many
states this was done, and we hope the returns, which cannot be tabulated until
after January 1 , 1908, may prove that the plan has been immediately beneficial.
Unfortunately a number o f the states were unable to take action in time
for the plan to be set to work this year. T he w ay would seem to be open
for the apportionment to be generally adopted for 1908, and we shall watch
the outcome with great interest.
So fa r as we know the churches quite generally favor such a definite and
fa ir distribution o f responsibility. Certain obvious dangers, such as too great
reliance upon elaborate method rather than upon spiritual motive, over
riding the autonomy o f the local church, limiting rather than freeing the
spirit o f benevolence, should be avoided without difficulty, and the plan prove
a real instrument o f the Spirit.
These two new factors we rejoice in. They help encourage us for the
future. There are other signs o f promise among the churches; but we would
remind ourselves with each passing year that the hope o f this great enter
prise is not in human contrivance or aims, but in the unchanging promises of
God and the help o f the ever present Christ. Our true source o f strength
is not difficult to find. It is not fa r away or o f doubtful value. W e may say
to ourselves, on the home side o f this work, as we do to the people o f other
lands to whom our missionaries go : “ Say not in thy heart, W ho shall ascend
into heaven? (that is, to bring Christ down) or, W ho shall descend into the
abyss (that is, to bring Christ up from the dead) ? But what saith it? The
word is nigh thee, in thy mouth, and in thy heart; that is, the word o f faith,
which we preach.”
N E W E N G L A N D D IS T R IC T — A N A L Y S I S O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907
States.
M aine..................
New Hampshire .
Vermont . . . .
Massachusetts . .
Rhode Island . .
Totals
262
187
213
609
43
1,314
g |
c o 3 o¡3
132
14G
1C9
535
135
1,017
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
thro
ugh
gene
ral
offer
ing
to
Amer
ican
Boar
d.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
W.
B. M
.
A. B C. F. M. W . B. M.
Lega
cies
.
Tota
ls.
Chur
ches
an
d in
divi
dual
s.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
WÜin
PM> So
cietie
s an
d in
divi
dual
s.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
I ll 3 6 21 $8,838 $259 $37 $4,911 $161 $179 $21,219 $35,604
135 3 3 11 12,119 326 204 3,083 78 16,265 32,135
152 2 3 17 8,445 308 313 5,209 49 220 3,249 17,793
507 3 6 28 122,038 2,828 2,420 52,248 768 867 82,311 203,480
30 5 4,199 225 78 6,679 143 193 5,466 16,983
935 11 18 82 $155,639 $3,946 $3,112 $72,130 $1,121 $1,537 $128,510 $365,995
Hom
e D
epa
rtmen
t
14 Home Department
REPORT FROM THE MIDDLE DISTRICT
Rev. Charles C. Creegan, d .d ., District Secretary, makes the following
report from the Middle District (including Connecticut and Ohio and the
Middle and Southern Atlantic States, with office at the Congregational
Rooms, Fourth Avenue and Twenty-Second Street, N ew Y o rk) : —
A fte r nearly twenty years o f service as field and district secretary,
by vote o f the Prudential Committee I was granted a leave of absence for
the purpose o f inspecting missions o f the Am erican Board primarily and—
for purposes o f comparison— the work of other societies in many lands. This
trip which has just closed has required ten months o f time and about forty
thousand miles o f travel. It is due to the friends o f our beloved Board,
especially the pastors and other co-workers within the bounds o f the Middle
District, that a brief report o f your Secretary’s “ spying the lands over the
seas” be made in this connection.
In company with Dr. A . N. Hitchcock, o f Chicago, I sailed from New
York, October 20, and after ten months and ten days of constant travel
through Austria, Bulgaria, Turkey, Syria, Egypt, India, Ceylon, the Philip
pines, China, Korea, Japan, and Hawaii, I resumed my duties August 30, 1907.
I have occasion for profound gratitude that during this long journey— during
which I have embarked on twenty-six different steamers, crossing nearly as
many seas, and have traveled many thousands o f miles by rail, not to speak of
experiences on bandies, jinrikishas, and many other kinds o f conveyances—
there has been no sickness or accident worth naming.
The results o f my tour, embracing visits to twelve of our missions and
forty-seven mission stations, not to mention many outstations, include also
something o f the work o f twenty other societies, such as the Am erican Metho
dists, North and South, Wesleyans, Baptists, Church Missionary Society, and
the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel; the London Missionary
Society and the Presbyterians o f England; Free Church o f Scotland, United
Presbyterians, Canadian Presbyterians, Dutch Reformed, Baptist Missionary
Union, Southern Baptists, Protestant Episcopal, Presbyterian Church in the
United States, Southern Presbyterians, United Brethren, Methodist Protes
tants, and the International Young Men’s Christian Association.
I f agreeable to the pastors and churches, it will give me great pleasure—
as time and strength may be given to me— to tell what I have seen and heard
o f the triumphs of the gospel in the lands beyond the sea and in the “ isles
which wait for Him,” especially of the great work committed to the care of
the Am erican Board.
Care of the Office during the Year. The office in N ew Y o rk was placed
under the supervision o f Dr. C. H. Patton, Home Secretary. F or a brief
time the field work was under the immediate care o f Rev. Henry G. Bissell,
o f the Marathi Mission, India, who was succeeded for three months by Rev.
John J. Banninga, o f the Madura Mission, India, who in turn was su cceed ed
by Pres. W illiam M. Zumbro, o f the Am erican College, Madura. I am
M ID D L E D IS T R IC T — A N A L Y S I S O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907
States.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es.
1Nu
mbe
r of
chur
ches
co
ntrib
utin
g fro
m al
l so
urce
s.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
thro
ugh
gene
ral
offer
ing
to
Amer
ican
Boar
d.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
N um
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
Y. P
. S.
C. E.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
W.
B. M
.
A. B. C. F. M. W. B. M.
Lega
cies
.
Tota
ls.
Chur
ches
an
d in
divi
dual
s.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
Socie
ties
and
in
divi
dual
s.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
Connecticut.................................... 332 291 256 4 4 22 $54,976.06 $1,584^06 $787.89 $30,339.94 $584.38 $1,105.22 $15,011,49 $104,389.00New Y o rk ........................................ 298 208 140 4 3 56 36,233.84 1,280.21 432.09 11,460.43 434.64 354.49 18,226.74 68,422.44O h i o ............................................... 253 173 122 2 4 40 13,962.20 472.76 282.00 7,709.56 308.42 293.12 4,405.91 27,433.97Pennsylvania................................. 116 45 26 11 1 5 3,409.65 218.70 119.14 1,958.10 11.00 22.10 2,537.50 8,276.19New J e rs e y .................................... 43 26 20 1 4 . 6,119.57 329.75 164.00 3,680.79 5.00 12.25 250.00 10,561.36Maryland, Dist. Columbia, Vir
ginia, and West Virginia . . . . 18 10 6 1,574.44 99.11 193.00 1,031.90 58.00 139.25 3.095.70Southern S ta te s ............................. 216 42 21 3 1 3 766.05 50.31 67.60 317.55 13.00 1,204.51
Totals ..................................... 1,276 795 591 24 18 130 £117,041.77 £4,034.90 *2,035.72 $56,498.27 $1,401.44 $1,939.43 $40,431.64 $223,383.17
M
Hom
e D
epa
rtmen
t
i 6 Home Department
under great obligations to all the gentlemen named above, each o f whom in
turn rendered faithful and efficient service. I am, however, under especial
obligations to Miss Elizabeth M cM anigal— for several years office assistant—
for the care o f the books and all details o f the office; her faithfulness and
efficiency have won for her hearty commendation.
Analysis o f Donations. W ith this report, we present the table o f receipts
according to the uniform plan which has been agreed upon for the entire
field. Those who care to compare the receipts with previous years w ill note
a considerable shrinkage from the report o f last year, with the exception of
N ew Jersey and Pennsylvania, which states o f the dozen included in the
district report an increase over last year o f $718.93 and $1,602.01, respec
tively. Perhaps this was to be expected, since last year was the centennial
o f the H aystack and a strenuous campaign was conducted, exceptional in
several respects. Then, too, the force o f field workers was reduced, and since
the debt o f the Board had been canceled, there seemed in the minds of
many less need for the large gifts— gifts which meant sacrifice such as did
great honor to the constituency o f the society the previous year. I f only the
friends o f the Board could look into the colleges and schools, churches and
chapels, hospitals and dispensaries o f the several missions as I have seen
them; could sit in council with these heroic men and women whom we have
sent to the front and whose work we have pledged our honor to support;
could see them surrounded by the faithful native workers whom they have
trained, trying to enter fields ready for the reapers with a force altogether
too small in numbers— if only our friends in the churches who have the
L ord ’s money and who are his servants could see all this, it would be impos
sible that another such financial report as this should ever be presented at
our Annual Meeting.
A s we turn our faces toward the future, as we glance again at the great
field— open for the reapers— as we hear the cry from every mission station
for reenforcements, is not this the time to consecrate mind, heart, and purse
to the work o f bringing the world to Christ?
REPORT FROM THE INTERIOR DISTRICT
Rev. A . N. Hitchcock, p h . d . , D istrict Secretary, makes the following
report from the Interior D istrict:—
A considerable portion o f the past year has been occupied, in company
with Dr. Creegan, in an extended visitation o f our own and other mission
fields. D uring that time Rev. I. M. Channon, o f our Micronesian Mission,
has rendered good service in superintending the work o f this district. His
fam iliarity with the work in M icronesia has given special effectiveness to
his public addresses, thus illustrating again the great desirability that those
whose chief responsibility lies in the direction o f diffusing missionary infor
Home Department i 7
mation and awakening interest among the churches should have opportunities
for first-hand observation and study on the mission fields.
The Cooperating Committee was organized early in the year and consists
of the following gentlemen: E. H. Pitkin, Esq., chairman, Rev. W . E. B ar
ton, d .d ., M. A. Dean, Esq., David Fales, Esq., Frank Kimball, Esq., H. H.
Kennedy, Esq., Rev. J. F. Loba, d .d ., Thomas C. MacMillan, Esq., and Rev.
F. N. W hite, d .d . They have had quite a number o f meetings and have given
substantial help in holding conferences, in personal gifts, and in keeping up
missionary interest among the churches.
E arly in the year the Home Secretary, with Rev. A . J. Lyman, d . d v Vice-
President of the Board, visited this district, Dr. Patton spending several
weeks here, mainly in field work, making his headquarters at the Chicago
office. During that time important conferences were held under his direction
in six or seven different states, a number of able pastors and laymen heartily
cooperating. The plan provided that each conference should be attended by
some member o f the Cooperating Committee, while Mr. Channon was also
present to represent effectively the side of the missions. Mr. Hicks has like
wise given substantial help through his presence at the M ichigan Conference
and at conferences in Nashville and Lake Geneva in the interests of the
Young People’s Missionary Movement.
O f returned missionaries, the following have made one or more addresses
in this district: Rev. Francis W . Bates, formerly o f East A frica, Rev.
Henry G. Bissell, Rev. John J. Banninga, Dr. Frank V an Allen, Rev. F. E.
Jeffery, of India, and Mrs. Charles A . Nelson, o f China.
A n effort has been made, with some success, to introduce among the
churches an Apportionment Plan agreed upon in a conference of the Home
Department held in Boston immediately after the last annual meeting. The
plan is reasonable and practicable, but experience has shown that only by
concerted action and by ceaseless agitation will it be widely adopted and sus
tained. First of all the plan must be so thoroughly worked out that practi
cally all the pastors and churches will in theory approve it. Then no serious
antagonism will be encountered, and the field will be clear for the hard,
steady work required for its general adoption.
There is evidence that the year has been a busy one at the Chicago office.
Considerable quantities o f our new literature have gone into all parts of the
district, and there has been a much larger demand for stereopticon slides
than ever before.
Financial
The total receipts in this district from all sources have been $188,996.45,
as compared with $206,698.26 for the year preceding. Analysis of the
figures shows that there has been a loss in donations to the American Board
of $14,504.88, a gain in donations through the Woman’s Board of $4,045.96,
and a loss in legacies of $7,242.89. But when we compare the receipts o f the
year just closed with other years we find that there has been a gain of
$21,495.56 during the past year as compared with the average o f donations
00
IN T E R IO R D IS T R IC T — A N A L Y S I S O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907
States.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
from
all
sour
ces.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
thro
ugh
gene
ral
offer
ing
to
Amer
ican
Boar
d.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Num
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
N um
ber
of ch
urch
es
cont
ribut
ing
only
by
W.
B. M
. I.
A. B. C. F. M W. B. M. I.
Lega
cies
.
Tota
ls.
Chur
ches
an
d in
divi
dual
s.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
Socie
ties
and
indi
vidu
als.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
1 Ind iana ..................................... 57 33 1 1 1 2 16 $389.85 $60.00 $36.50 $820.61 $73.14 $102.00 $1,482.102 M ich ig a n ................................. 334 175 1(X) 2 18 40 6,379.13 352.76 325.75 7,442.91 182.51 404.77 $1,037.50 16,125.333 I l l in o is .................................... 349 293 171 8 17 86 42,831.34 778.97 864.08 31,703.51 510.12 1,546.90 1,221.83 79,456.754 W isconsin................................. 267 17!) 120 3 4 37 5,334.38 144.20 102.19 6,620.43 197.99 496.05 856.38 13,751.625 I o w a ........................................ 313 223 131 2 17 71 5,576.89 199.83 220.33 9,164.64 378.55 850.24 52.57 16,443.056 Minnesota ............................. 218 145 79 4 7 47 6,886.53 237.85 181.00 5,602.61 532.52 466.33 1,500.00 15,406.847 Missouri ................................. 75 «1 32 1 17 4,067.39 95.49 84.09 4,752.72 109.90 135.01 9,244.608 K a n sa s .................................... 1G8 110 37 5 3 49 1,842.70 68.91 77.45 2,559.15 138.18 484.65 5,171.049 N ebraska ................................. 199 122 74 1 5 23 3,030.50 181.85 265.60 2,062.94 227.21 162.95 5,931.05
10 North D a k ota .................. 160 57 40 1 1 11 706.69 26.16 18.04 440.15 69.30 28.68 1,289.02U South Dakota ...................... 169 117 57 4 2 49 894.69 75.35 64.15 1,440.49 71.16 119.05 2,664.8912 C o lo r a d o ................................. 92 4!» 25 1 3 1(1 2,287.30 185.62 73.82 2,166.67 57.22 191.05 4,961.6813 W yom in g ................................. 15 7 3 3 61. G2 9.37 257.24 13.00 341.2314 Montana . . .......................... 15 7 1 1 1 80.95 2.00 15.00 34.25 4.12 136.32
Hom
e D
epa
rtmen
t
I N T E R I O R D I S T R I C T — A N A L Y S I S O K D O N A T I O N S , Continued
S o u t h e r n M i s s i s s i p p i S t a t e s
<2 a sO
Kg M l :
ÏÎ >> J *a *
A. B. C. F. M. W. B. M. I.
States.
K3J30 u01J3E3& N
umbe
r of
chu
cont
ribut
ing
fro
sour
ces.
N um
ber
of ch
u co
ntrib
utin
g th
i ge
nera
l of
ferin
Am
erica
n Bo
arc
Num
ber
of ch
u co
ntrib
utin
g on
Su
nday
sc
hool
s.
Num
ber
of ch
u co
ntrib
utin
g on
Y.
P.
S. C.
E.
N um
ber
of ch
u co
ntrib
utin
g on
! W
. B.
M.
I.
Chur
ches
an
d in
divi
dual
s.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
WÜwCM
> Socie
ties
and
indi
vidu
als.
Sund
ay
scho
ols.
Y. P
. S.
C. E
.
Lega
cies
.
Tota
ls.
15
1G
T e x a s ........................................
Indian Territory )
30 1 0 4 2 $152.96 $ 2 .0 0 $ 1 0 .0 0 $164.96
17 Oklahoma 170 26 G 4 1 1 G 14,502.42 $1.91 262.63 $52.26 $41.75 8 8 .0 0 14,948.97
18 A rk an sas ................................. 4 2 1 10.00 $ 1 0 .0 0 . . . . 20.00
If) L ouisiana................................. 29 7 3 1 105.75 42.10 5.00 152.852 0 K entucky................................. 1!) r, 4 . . 131.40 3.00 17.00 1.70 153.102 1 Tennessee............................. 43 0 2 1 1 110.57 5.00 1 0 .0 0 125.572 2 Alabama ................................. 21 17 11 2 224.00 2G.48 11.00 . . 261.4823 M ississip p i............................. G 3 1 GO.00 4.00
(700 miscel.)64.00
700.00
Totals................................. 2,<;r.:î 1,054 911 41 84 484 $95.G67.06 $2,493.85 $2,366.00 $76,054.95 $2,618.88 $5,029.43 $4,766.28 $188,996.45
Hom
e D
epa
rtmen
t
20 Home Department
from all sources for the past five years, and a gain o f $12,256.84 in dona
tions to the Am erican Board directly as compared with the average for the
same period. This is certainly encouraging as showing that the reaction
from the extraordinary appeal o f last year has been much less than some
anticipated.
The number o f churches contributing from all sources during the past
year in this district has been 1,654, as compared with 1,723 for the year
preceding, while the number taking public collections for the direct work of
the Am erican Board has been only 911 during the past year, as compared
with 1,093 during the year 1906. These figures would indicate that the small
churches have not been contributing quite so generally during the past year.
A partial explanation may be afforded by the fact that during 1906 342
churches contributed only through the W oman’s Board, while during the past
year the number has increased to 484. It seems to me important to bear in
mind the fact that the general public collections o f the churches are the main
dependence of the Am erican Board, and it is highly undesirable that these
general offerings should in any w ay be diverted.
A s your Secretary returns to the work of the Home Department in the
Interior District, after some months among the mission fields, it is with a
new impression of the tremendous urgency of this work for the unsaved
nations and of the sublime opportunities now opening for its prosecution
along many lines. The destinies o f our race are plainly swinging upon the
faithfulness of the Church o f Christ at home and abroad in obeying his
commandment. And the destiny of the church itself is also involved. May
the vision and the faith and the consuming zeal of the apostolic age break
forth among us anew.
G E N E R A L S T A T E M E N T
1906
Donations of churches and individualsthrough A. B. C . F. M. . . . $108,984.12
Donations of Sunday schools throughA .B . C. F. M ...........................................3*377-5°
Donations of Christian Endeavor Societiesthrough A. B. C. F. M. . . 2,670.17
-------------------- #1 i 5 ’c
Donations of missionary societies throughW . B. M. I ................................................ #72,333-23 $76,054.95
Donations of Sunday schools through W .B. M. 1....................................................... 2,289.11 2,618.88
Donations of Christian Endeavor Societiesthrough W . B. M. 1................................5,034*96 5,029.43
--------------- 79,657.30 ---------------- 83,703.26L e g a c i e s .......................................................... 12,009.17 4,766.28
1907
$95,667.06
2493-85
2,366.00 1 .7 9 ------ ; -------- $100,526.91
Total $206,698.26 $188,996.45
Home Department
REPORT FROM THE PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT
Rev. H. M elville Tenney, District Secretary, presents the following report
from the Pacific Coast District (including Northern and Southern California,
Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, Alaska,
and H a w a ii): —
The Financial Campaign
The financial campaign of the year was pushed vigorously to prevent a
slump in receipts after the remarkable advance of last season. W e dared to
aim as high in the first year o f the new century as we did for our Centennial
Million and, while we did not reach the mark, the returns from the whole
district show a decrease of only a little more than nine per cent from last
year. A s compared with 1905-06 the receipts from the Pacific coast, not
including H awaii, advanced more than twenty-four per cent. A legacy and
considerable gifts from individuals brought Arizona into new prominence.
Southern California, also, by virtue o f legacies and large individual gifts,
retained her lead among the local division of the district, while the First
Church of Oakland, by its individual and membership offerings of $5,066, led
all the churches and reached the high-water mark of its giving for the Am eri
can Board. Oregon also made a gain over last year, largely through the
increased offerings of the First Church of Portland. The decrease in W ash
ington was occasioned mainly by the lack o f the special individual gifts of
last year.
WorK and WorKers
The plan of the campaign was, as usual, formulated by the Cooperating
Committee (Rev. C. R. Brown, Dr. George C. Adams, and Mr. J. L. B arker),
and the Secretary. This was adopted by the Local Committees and followed
up by special appeals to the churches in every part of the district. The ad
dresses of Mr. Bissell in Northern California, Oregon, and Washington were
a most effective aid in opening the campaign. Rev. W alter T. Currie also
did excellent service in W estern Washington during November. In the ab
sence o f Rev. E. Lincoln Smith on the W estern Washington Committee, the
work of Dr. Sydney Strong was greatly appreciated. The loyal cooperation
of the Local Committees has been a large factor in the success o f the year.
Special Efforts
The effort o f the Home Secretary to secure individual support of mis
sionaries by men in the district has been successful in two instances, at
least, and other negotiations are in progress.
A special attempt to interest the Sunday schools of the district, while par
tially successful, disclosed the need of cooperation between our denomina
tional societies to prevent duplication o f appeals during the same months of
the year.
22 Home Department
The Woman’s Board o f Missions for the Pacific
The work o f the W oman’s Board of the Pacific in all its branches shows
consecration, energy, and decided enterprise- Southern California, W ashing
ton, and Oregon made considerable financial gains over last year.
The Office Business
The distribution of literature indicates but a slow demand for most o f the
publications o f the Board, but an increasing call for such leaflets as, “ Do
Y ou K n ow ?”
The business function of the Secretary has been exercised as usual during
the year, with a multiplicity o f details to meet the requisitions from our
missionaries in Japan, China, and Micronesia.
The effort to make an advantageous sale o f the Morning Star, now
lying in Oakland Creek, has not been successful, but she has been kept in the
best o f repair at small expense, and we trust erelong w ill find a purchaser.
The care o f missionaries passing to and from the Orient through the port
of San Francisco has called for more than usual time and effort, on ac
count o f the disturbed condition still existing. The commissioning of Miss
Grace A . Funk in November was the second instance o f such a service on the
Pacific coast, and was made an impressive and inspiring occasion by the First
Church o f Oakland.
The Future
Looking to the future, the Secretary awaits with interest the result
of further deliberations as to the adoption o f the Apportionment Plan.
In general, the proposal has been well received on the Pacific coast and can
be made a good working basis for the future, if the apportionment for the
Board is not scaled down too low.
The further extension o f mission study among our young people is
greatly to be desired, and the spread o f the Laymen’s Movement among our
busy men engaged in great secular undertakings is an imperative necessity
i f this greatest enterprise in the world is to go forward as it ought. The
winning o f the non-contributing churches is a problem that requires not only
increased persistence and patience, but some better method than we have yet
discovered.
The work of the district, in the field and office, has been constant and
strenuous. W e are grateful for the success o f the past and we “ greet the
future with a cheer.”
P A C IF IC C O A S T D I S T R I C T — A N A L Y S IS O F D O N A T IO N S , 1906-1907
States.
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A la s k a .................................' . . . 4 1 . . £20.00 , t £20.00
Arizona ........................................... 7 1 £975.00 . . . . £1,144.00 2,119.00California, N orthern...................... 130 77 62 3 3 5 8,341.11 £197.20 397.70 £2,923.18 £20.00 £138.50 506.50 12,524.19California, Southern...................... 85 58 38 2 14 7,250.67 178.33 229.00 3,859.19 326.02 299.00 1,537.00 13,679.21Idaho ............................................... 25 8 5 2 88.52 21.15 4.50 57.75 171.92N eva d a ........................................... 1 1 1 51.95 4.44 5.00 61.39New Mexico .................. . . . 5 1 10.00 . . 10.00
O r e g o n ........................................... 50 39 18 1 16 1,189.62 27.83 23.00 522.60 62.40 35.00 1,860.45U t a h ............................................... 9 4 4 135.96 4.00 . . 58.50 198.46W ashington.................................... 154 70 54 2 1 6 4,312.62 86.79 37.15 908.70 167.00 7.35 5,519.61
T otals ................................................ 470 260 182 10 4 41 £22,355.45 £519.74 £716.35 £8,329.92 £575.42 £479.85 £3,187.50 £36,164.23
H a w a ii ............................................j £2,388.05 £180.00 £2,568.05
- Total . . . £38,732.28
Hom
e D
epa
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t
THE MISSIONS
WEST CENTRAL AFRICAN MISSION
B a i l u n d u . — W esley M. Stover, W illia m C . B e ll, Ordained; Mrs. Lena G. B e ll,
Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Miss Elizabeth B . C a m p b e ll.
K a m u n d o n g o .— William H. Sanders, Ordained; Mrs. Sarah B. Sanders, Miss Nellie J. Arnott.
C h is a m b a .— W alter T . Currie, d.d., Ordained; William Cammack, m .dv Physician; Mrs. Amy J. Currie, Mrs. Sarah L. Cammack, m.d., Miss Helen J. Melville, Miss Margaret W. Melville, Miss Diadem Bell.
O c h i l e s o . — Henry A. Neipp, Ordained; Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp.
S a c h i k e l a (Bagster).— Frederick C. Wellman, m.d., Merlin Ennis, Ordained; Mrs.
Lydia J. Wellman, Mrs. Elisabeth Logan Ennis.
In this country.— William E. Fay,1 Thomas W. Woodside, Ordained; Mrs. Annie M. Fay, Mrs. Emma D. Woodside, Miss Sarah Stimpson, Mrs. Bertha D.
Stover, Miss Emma C. Redick.
Five stations; 18 outstations; 9 ordained men, one a physician; 9 w ives; 8 single
women; 12 unordained native preachers; 33 native teachers; 11 other native helpers; 3 churches, 2 entirely self-supporting: 309 members, 29 added on confession this year;
17 places of regular meeting: average congregations, 3,15s; 4 Sunday schools: 1,222
pupils; 22 common schools: 2,082 pupils, of whom 1,045 are girls. Owing to incom
plete statistical reports the above figures are made up in part from last year’s returns.
Many changes have occurred in this mission within the year. Mr. and
Mrs. Fay have been compelled to return home on account of the serious con
dition of Mr. F ay ’s health.1 Mr. Woodside, whose furlough was long over
due, has also come home, accompanied by Miss Redick, who comes for her
regular furlough. Dr. and Mrs. Currie and Mrs. Webster, after a period of
rest in this country, have returned to their field of service. Miss Stimpson
and Mrs. Stover were forbidden by their physicians to return to A frica last
spring, as they had expected to do. The mission has received reenforcement
in Mr. and Mrs. Cammack, both of them physicians, sent out by the Canadian
Missionary Society to the Chisamba station. Mr. and Mrs. Bell, who had
previously been allied with our mission at Chisamba, after a period of study
in this country were appointed as missionaries of the Board, and sailed in
May last. Miss Elisabeth R. Logan, whose appointment was recorded last
year, has, since her marriage to Mr. Ennis, joined the mission at Sachikela.
Bailundu.— The station has suffered much from the depletion of its mis
sionary force, Mrs. Stover and Mrs. Webster being in the United States, and
Mr. and Mrs. Fay being obliged to leave in the middle of the year. There has
been at the central station much depression; the people have open before them
1 Close upon the presentation of this report at the annual meeting, at which Mr.
Fay was present, came the sad tidings of his death, which occurred in a hospital at
Cleveland, Sunday afternoon, October 13, following an operation undergone the day
before.
25
20 West Ceti trai African Mission [Report
many chances for gain, and this fact has diverted attention from the spiritual
work to some extent, but this is not the case at the outstations. Miss Redick
and Miss M argaret Melville, the former from Ochileso and the latter from
Chisamba, have come to the aid o f this station and rendered excellent service.
Miss M elville dispensing medicines in the absence o f Mr. Fay.
The press has not been idle, but under native care has accomplished a good
work. An A frican cook book, compiled by Miss Campbell, was printed, and
is now in circulation. Sunday school lessons, prepared by Mr. Stover, have
been issued monthly as heretofore.
The three schools on the station under the care of Miss Campbell have an
enrollment of 294; while three elders of the church taught a school each in
his own village, a mile or so from the station premises, having an enrollment
o f 121. W hile the lack of marked growth is deplored, it can be stated that
there has been no falling away, while 7 have been added to the church on
confession. The class of catechumens numbers about 50.
Mention is made of several outstations of Bailundu, chief of which is
Epanda, twelve hours from Bailundu, which has been in charge of Joseph,
with several assistants of his own training. Here the school enrollment is
255; boys and men, 158; girls and women, 97; the class of catechumens num
bers 25, and the church building, accommodating 250 people, will not hold all
who come. A t Cimbele, three hours from Epanda, Abraham is the chief
evangelist, and has associated with him a brother and a brother-in-law who
report a school numbering 54. with a class of catechumens numbering 12.
Other outstations give similar reports, though numbers are not so large. In
the general summary of the station the total number under instruction in
station, village, and outstation schools is given as 853, and the regular preach
ing places, 9. W ith the coming of Mr. and Mrs. Bell and the return of Mrs.
Webster, it may be confidently expected that the work at this station will
receive a new impulse.
Kamundongo. — Mr. and Mrs. Sanders and Miss Arnott have had the sole
care o f the station during the year. There has been great need of a medical
man at the station, but Mrs. Sanders has dispensed medicine morning and
evening to patients, numbering from 8 to 14 persons; these patients come
from the outstations, and some of the cases are such as require much time
and care. The press has also been under Mrs. Sanders’s care. One thousand
copies of the Book of Genesis have been printed and bound; a primer of 154
pages has also been prepared, and a hymn book reprinted in an edition of
2,000 copies. Three young men have worked upon the hand press, which is
so small that but two pages can be struck off at once. Miss Arnott has also
assisted at this work.
The outstations have been visited, even the distant ones three or four
times, and 15 members have been added to the church.
The A fricans are much given to changing their places o f residence.
One reason for this is that the land after protracted cultivation, with no
proper enrichment, fails to yield good crops, and the people seek a district
where the land is not exhausted. In addition to this natural tendency special
West Central African Mission 27
reasons exist why the people o f Kamundongo have been inclined to remove
to some new locality. The near presence of some white traders who have
been especially hostile to the missionary movement had its effect, and it is
now about certain that the whole Christian community will find their home
elsewhere. A large number of the people have already left the station, having
found an attractive site at Gamba, which is north of Chisamba, some sixty
miles distant. Mr. Sanders favors removal to that place, and probably within
a short time such a transfer may take place. Miss Arnott, who has had
special care of the schools, reports the total enrollment in the schools as 189.
Chisamba.— The absence from the station of Mr. and Mrs. Currie on fur
lough in Am erica has made it necessary to make m an y changes for the care
of this station. Mr. Woodside consented to leave Ochileso temporarily until
the return of the Curries, but was compelled, by reason of ill health, to come
to Am erica in M ay last. A fter he had left, members of the English mission
in that vicinity kindly came to have an oversight of the station. W hen Mr.
and Mrs. Fay were compelled to leave Bailundu for America, Miss M argaret
Melville left Chisamba for the relief of that station. Though the force at
Chisamba has thus been weakened, the Sunday and week-day services have
been carried on as formerly.
The order of Sunday services is something remarkable. An early morn
ing prayer meeting is conducted by the natives; at nine o’clock the Christian
Endeavor Society holds its session, while the old men meet with the mission
aries ; at ten o’clock the general public service is held, with an average attend
ance of about 500; this service is followed by the Sunday school, and
practically all who come to the other services remain for this. In the after
noon there is a woman’s prayer meeting, and simultaneously a children’s
meeting. A goodly number of voting men divide into groups and go to the
surrounding villages to hold services. Sunday evening is devoted to the
reports of those who have thus visited different points. A t these villages
the total congregations number as many as those that were gathered at the
large morning service at the central station. On week days morning prayers
were attended at sunrise, evening prayers in the girls’ compound, and also a
general meeting for the rest of the station. The two catechumen classes,
which meet during the week, number about 75, most of them candidates for
church membership. A s to the schools, there is a kindergarten with an enroll
ment of about 90, a boys’ school, and a school for women and girls. The
enrollment in each of these is about 100.
A house for the ladies has been built during the year, the work of which
was done by the industrial department, involving a large amount o f labor.
The accomplishment of this task was a surprise to the foreigners who saw
what the natives had done. It has been commonly said that “ a native would
not work o f his own accord, and that he could not be taught to labor.” A n
English gentleman who was investigating the matter of the slave trade in the
district, on seeing this building said he was convinced that free labor was
cheaper than slave labor.
The principal outstation of Chisamba is Ciyuka, where Chief Kanjumdu
28 West Central African Mission [Report
has ruled in such a Christian way. On a day when the communion service
was held there there were present, by actual count, 822 persons. Sad to say,
this Christian chief, Kanjumdu, has been arrested and held a long time in
prison on the charge o f having set fire to the house o f a white man who came
to settle within the region. The hostility o f the Portuguese authorities is
shown by the rigor with which they treat this brave Christian leader, who
holds fast to his faith, refusing to confess to a crime which he never com
mitted though he is robbed of all he possesses. From this outstation 10 or
12 have been admitted to the church, and 4 classes for catechumens are held,
with a total membership o f 150. There are various schools in connection
with the outstations o f Chisamba, having a total enrollment o f 629, in which
are employed 18 native teachers.
Ochileso.— Mr. and Mrs. Neipp have held this station alone for six months,
M iss Redick having been called to the aid o f the Bailundu station. Sickness
has been less prevalent at the station than in the neighboring villages on
account o f the better drainage which has been secured. The people are
coming in large numbers to the services, and it has been necessary to remove
partition walls in the house to accommodate the growing congregations. The
erection of a church building is under consideration. The people are ready
to come to the services, which are held not only on the Sabbath but on week
days. D aily evening prayers have been held. A t the end of last year a
general awakening was experienced, marked by confession of sins and hearty
repentance, and the entrance upon a better life. Mr. Neipp reports that some
of the meetings held can never be forgotten because of the deep spirit of
consecration which marked them. Twenty-three new catechumens were one
o f the results o f the revival. The young native Christians are ready for
w ork and visit groups of villages in the vicinity, holding services and bring
ing the most thoughtful ones to the meetings at the central station. Miss
Redick reports that there were 20 in the kindergarten school, and aside from
other classes of men and women the general school held in the afternoon had
an enrollment of 115.
Sachikela (B ag ster).— Announcement was made in the last report o f the
opening o f this new station, which was occupied in March o f 1906 by Dr. and
Mrs. W ellman and Mr. Ennis. W e are not able to report much concerning
this station save that the site more and more meets the approval o f those
who located there. The altitude o f the station is about 6,000 feet above sea
level, and it is in proximity to a great many villages. The excellent soil and
ample water supply have made Sachikela, in the judgment o f those who have
visited the place, an ideal spot for a mission station. The work of building
went on prosperously, and the people manifested a great friendliness. The
prospects were extrem ely bright for the future when, without warning, there
eame an order from the Portuguese commandante o f the district forbidding
the opening of a mission station at that place and the prosecution o f mission
ary work. It was asserted that no new station could be opened and no Chris
tian work prosecuted without the express permission of the Portuguese
authorities. Our missionaries are law-abiding men, and, while maintaining
i9°7] South African Mission — Rhodesian Branch 29
their right to settle as individuals where they please, they have abstained
from the holding o f public services and from opening schools. Efforts have
been made both at the office of the provincial governor in Angola and at the
Colonial office in Lisbon to secure the withdrawal o f the order, and intima
tions have been received that this order w ill not be strictly construed; but
as yet no formal withdrawal has been obtained. In the meantime Dr. and
Mrs. W ellman find enough to do at the station, and are greatly pleased with
the character of the people who come to them and with their eagerness for
instruction. They hold their family prayers on the veranda of their house,
which is ordinarily filled with natives, and they are waiting for the day when
full freedom shall come for the proclamation of the gospel.
During the year Mr. Ennis left the station, coming to America, where he
was married to Miss Elisabeth Logan, and together they have gone to Sachi-
kela and are now established at the station. They are greatly interested in
the character o f the people among whom they hope to spend their lives.
Another year a much fuller report may be expected from Sachikela.
SOUTH AFRICAN MISSION
Rhodesian Branch
M t . S i l i n d a .— T h o m a s King, Ordained; W illiam L. Thompson, m .d . Physician;
Columbus C. Fuller, Tcacher; Mrs. Estelle R. King, Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, Mrs.
Julia B. Fuller, M iss Minnie Clarke, Mrs. Julia W inter Hatch.
C h i k o r e .— George A. W ilder, d .d ., Ordained; Mrs. Alice C . Wilder.
M e l s e t t e r .— M i s s H . J u lie tte G ils o n .
On leave o f absence.— W illiam T. Lawrence, m .d ., Physician; Mrs. Florence E.
Lawrence.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mr. John E. Hatch.
Am ong the changes in the mission force within the year was the marriage,
in July last, of Miss W inter to Mr. John E. Hatch, who has been connected
with the South A frica n General Mission in Rhodesia. Mrs. Hatch remains
for the present in care of the Mt. Silinda school, and Mr. Hatch is employed
by the mission in evangelistic work. Miss Gilson, after her furlough in
America, has resumed the charge of the Chimanimani School at Melsetter,
which during her absence was efficiently cared for by Miss Minnie Clarke.
Miss Clarke has now received appointment as a missionary and will be located
at Mt. Silinda. Dr. and Mrs. Lawrence are still in England, the former not
yet having completed the medical studies required to secure a certificate to
practice in Rhodesia.
EVANGELISTIC WORK
A t Mt. Silinda the services have been well attended during the year, more
people being present than can be well accommodated. The native kraals
have been visited with some regularity, but it is still true that the people are
not eager to hear the gospel. Thirty-three have been received into church
fellowship during the year. S ix kraal services have been kept up by the Zulu
workers and the Christians in the church. W hat is needed is a larger force
o f efficient native workers. The present greatest need is a church building.
The church members are much interested in the plan to procure such a build
ing and have contributed very liberally according to their means. A girls’
dormitory has been built, covered with an iron roof. The printing press,
which has been unused prior to the present year, has been put in operation
and a Chindao hymn book has been printed by it.
A t Chikore the church has increased to a membership of 50, 13 of whom
were added last year. This is a remarkable advance within the period of
four and a half years. Am ong the additions are 4 old women and 1 man, who
is a leading native and one of the brightest and best o f his tribe. Christian
growth is evident among the church members, and there has been no occasion
for discipline in connection with any o f the members o f the church. The
people are building better houses, and the external conditions are manifestly
improved. From this station Mr. W ilder and those who labor with him have
made six regular tours to distant points, aside from their weekly visitations
in the vicinity o f the station farm. These trips have been over a region of
forty miles from this station, north and west and south; sixteen different
tribes having been visited. In most o f these tribes little interest was mani
fested, but in three o f them the chiefs manifested a decided interest and
expressed their willingness to accept Jehovah as their God. Not less than
50 individuals publicly declared their purpose to be Christians, and some of
them seemed to be truly converted.
The report speaks o f the death o f Henry Mbesa, a Zulu helper who had
won for himself a good name by his devoted service— an able preacher and
a zealous evangelist; “ a fine example,” Dr. W ilder says, “ of what the Zulu
Mission has done for the second generation of its converts.”
A t Melsetter the Sunday service has been maintained regularly. The boys
in the schools have manifested much interest in Christian truth. One of the
native young men has gathered the lads for Christian instruction; another
has gone every Sabbath afternoon to the native police camp to hold service.
EDUCATIONAL WORK
The school at Mt. Silinda has been very prosperous under the care of
Miss W inter, now Mrs. Hatch, the number in the boarding school being 108,
with 31 day pupils. M any of the older boys in the boarding school come from
long distances, some of them from Beira, where they were so badly treated
and in such peril of imprisonment and from the lash that they made their
escape to this place, which was to them a haven of rest where they could
study without molestation. Their zeal as students and their devotion as
Christians are most impressive. Some of these boys were wild heathen when
at the coast, but the Spirit o f God has reached them and brought them into
an altogether new life. Some of the older boys from this school have gone
to the mines, where they can make good wages, and it is an interesting fact
that, through the influence of these students, some whom they have met at
30 South African Mission — Rhodesian Branch [Report
the mines have been led to come to Mt. Silinda for the purpose o f receiving
an education. The interesting fact is noted that, though in previous years
no Ndao girls had become church members, within the last two years no less
than a score have joined the church. This is evidently a spiritual advance
among these scholars. From Chikore the report comes that, taken as a whole,
neither the parents nor the children are anxious for education; nevertheless
the station can report that the boarding school has an attendance of 41,
20 of them being girls. The whole number of scholars registered is 118,
65 boys and 53 girls. It is recorded that a well-grounded fear o f lions and
a plague of locusts interrupted the sessions of the school for three weeks.
A t Melsetter the Chimanimani School has been in full operation. Miss
Gilson reports that a family of twenty-five is as large as can be accommodated
in the present unsuitable buildings. The standard of scholarship has been
gradually raised, and parents are coming to see that it is best to keep their
children continuously in the school. The excellent service of Miss Clarke
during the past year is gratefully recognized, and the religious life o f the
pupils has never been more marked than at present.
INDUSTRIAL WORK
The industrial department of the mission has its main work at Mt. Silinda,
and Mr. Fuller, who is the head of the department, speaks of last year as
being the best o f any in the history of the mission. A t the same time, the
limitations under which he labors are manifold and depressing. It has been
possible during the year to unpack and set up the larger part of the machinery
which was sent out when Mr. Fuller joined the mission. The printing press
has been put in operation, and a Chindao hymn book has been printed. The
sawmill has turned out more lumber than in any previous year. The car
penter’s shop has done some good work through the use of the machinery
which has been made available. This department has aided materially in the
construction of the new dormitory for the girls’ boarding school and in the
building for the hospital under the care of Dr. Thompson.
In field work it is said that a larger crop of corn has been raised than
during any previous year. The boys in the schools are required to work five
hours a day to pay for their food and shelter, and in this w ay much work can
be accomplished. But the need of another leading man in the industrial
department is most manifest, and Mr. Fuller pleads for the sending of such
a man at the earliest possible moment. Tw o more men would be desirable to
do the work that is now being attempted, “ if the traditions of the past are
to be maintained, that any boy or girl can come here without money and earn
an education by his own labor.”The industrial work at Chikore is by no means insignificant. Aside from
sewing classes, brickmaking, and roadmaking, reference is made to the
sawing of a thousand feet of lumber and the manufacturing of benches,
doors, tables, etc. A very good dwelling house has been built, and other
buildings have been constructed.
1907] South African Mission — Rhodesian Bra?ich 31
3 2 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report
MEDICAL WORK
This department is in charge o f Dr. W illiam L. Thompson, who has been
indefatigable in labors, amidst inadequate conditions for the carrying on
o f his work. D uring the year the room for a dispensary has been floored
and supplied with doors and windows, but is still incomplete. The walls of
the H ariot M ay Raine hospital ward are up and the roof is on, but this also
is incomplete. Nevertheless, under these unsatisfactory conditions, Dr.
Thompson can report that he has treated 916 cases, making 1,619 attend
an ces. O f the patients, 490 were students and 249 were missionaries, or other
white people who were resident of or passing through the district. There has
been an improvement in the amount o f fees paid, and altogether the outlook
is cheering, if only better provision could be made for the rooms for hospital
and dispensary.
SOUTH AFRICAN MISSION
Zulu Branch
A d a m s (Am anzim toti).— Charles N. Ransom, Albert E. LeRoy, George B. Cowles,
Jr., Ordained; Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom, Mrs. Rhoda E. LeRoy, Mrs. Am y B. Cowles,
Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman.
I f a f a . — W illiam C. W ilcox, Ordained; Mrs. Ida B. W ilcox.I m f u m e .—
U m z u m b e .— M iss Laura C. Smith, Miss A lice E. Seibert.
D u r b a n .— Frederick B. Bridgman, Ordained; James B. McCord, m .d., Physician;
Mrs. Clara D . Bridgman, Mrs. M argaret M. McCord.L i n d l e y . — Stephen C. Pixley, Ordained; Mrs. M ary K. Edwards, Miss Fidelia
Phelps, Miss M artha E. Price, Miss Martha H. Pixley.U m s u n d u z e .—
E s i d u m b i n i .— Charles H. Maxwell, Ordained; Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell.
G r o u t v i l l e (Um voti).—
M a p u m u l o .—
J o h a n n e s b u r g .— Herbert D. Goodenough, Ordained ; Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough.
B e i r a .— Fred R. Bunker, Ordained; Mrs. Isabel H. Bunker.
In this country.— James D. Taylor, Ordained; Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor, Miss
Caroline E. Frost.Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Martha J. Lindley,
M iss M ary C. Pixley, Miss Lilia L. Ireland, Miss Alice H. Smith.
Mr. and Mrs. Bridgman have returned to the mission, both much refreshed by
their furlough. Mr. and Mrs. T aylor are in this country, taking furlough after their
first term of service. Miss Frost’s health requires her to remain still longer in this
country.
Thirteen stations; 21 outstations; 10 ordained missionaries, one a physician; 10
w ives; 6 single wom en; 13 foreign workers not under appointment; 8 native pastors;
16 other native preachers; 89 teachers; other native laborers, 372; a total of 485
native laborers. There are 231 places for regular meetings; 25 churches, 1 7 of which
are entirely self-supporting. The communicants number 4,860, o f whom 326 were
added last year. The average attendance is 10,890, and the adherents number 16,980.
The mission has 1 theological school, with 7 students; 63 other schools, with a total of
3,964 under instruction.
The seventy-second annual report of the Zulu Mission makes mention of
only slightest changes in the personnel of the missionary force. There have
1907] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 33
been no reenforcements from Am erica. Rev. and Mrs. F. B. Bridgman
have returned to the mission after furlough in Am erica, and Mr. and Mrs.
J. D. T aylor have been compelled by the state o f their health to take their
furlough somewhat earlier than would otherwise be necessary. Miss Hattie
Clark resigned her connection with the mission and is expecting to labor
among the colored people of the South, where her abilities and experience
will render her an efficient laborer.
The mission reports that the year has been the most eventful and exciting
of any in its history. The rebellion which marked the year was more serious
in its consequences in many, if not all, respects than the Zulu W ar of 1879 or
the Boer W ar o f 1899. Tw o of our mission stations have been devastated,
and it is estimated that 3,000 native people have been killed. It has been a
time of great testing for the native church, and it is confidently believed that
notwithstanding the trials to which they have been subjected they are stand
ing the test well, and that it w ill yet be seen that God had some wise and
benevolent purpose in the providences which have marked the year.
It may be well, first of all, to refer to the political situation growing out
of the attitude o f the N atal government toward the churches allied with our
mission. Mention was made last year o f the levying of the tax o f £3 upon
each hut on the mission reserves, a rate o f taxation which was regarded
as not only exorbitant, but altogether contrary to the purpose for which the
reserves were granted. This tax aroused greatest indignation against the
government on the part of the dwellers pn the reserves, who prior to this
had had no sympathy with the rebellion— a rebellion having its origin far
away from all mission districts, among the heathen, under Bambata. But
on most o f the reserves there were Zulus, not Christianized, though some o f
them wear the clothing o f Christians, but still thorough heathen; and still
others who were in attendance on Christian worship, though not church
members. It was through these non-Christian Zulus, dwelling side by side
with church members, that the spirit of wrath and rebellion was aroused.
The tide of revolt swept suddenly over two of our mission stations,.
Esidumbini and Um sunduze; sad to say, the dwellers on these reserves, includ
ing some church members, attempted to resist the government troops and fell
in the great slaughter which ensued. The disaster came so suddenly and
unexpectedly that it seemed as if total destruction had befallen the people
and the places. It was at this juncture that the governor o f Natal, in a com
munication to the British Foreign Office, wrote that “ out of the two large
mission stations o f Esidumbini and Umsunduze, in V ictoria County, in charge
of the American Board, only one native preacher and three of their followers
have remained loyal to the government, and that the whole of the other con
gregations. have joined the rebels in the field against u s” ; to which state
ment the governor added, “ That whatever good work the Am erican Zulu
missionaries have done in the past, their congregations are now beyond their
control and are a danger to the government.”
This statement has since been wholly disproved, based as it doubtless was
upon the first report of the military officer concerning the engagement at
3 4 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report
Esidumbini, and it turns out, on careful examination made by the mission
aries on the spot, who examined the roll o f church members, knowing person
ally both those who were involved and those who were not, that only nine
o f the forty-seven male members o f the Esidumbini church joined the rebels,
and possibly half a dozen from the other stations. So far from the truth is
the governor’s statement “ that the whole of other congregations joined the
rebels in the field,” it can now be affirmed that o f the twenty-four churches
which can properly be regarded as connected with the mission, only these two
which have been mentioned are charged with disloyalty, and the fact has been
clearly shown that o f the twenty-four preachers who can properly be regarded
as connected with the mission not one was disloyal. Most o f these preachers
remained quietly at their posts, while three o f them worked for the govern
ment with great risk to their own lives.
The fact needs to be recorded here that the attitude of the Colonial govern
ment is distinctly adverse to our missionary operations through fear o f Ethi-
opianism, under which name it designates all efforts to elevate the native
population by giving them power to act independently in the support and con
duct o f schools, churches, or institutions o f any kind that are not under the
direct authority o f white men. Our mission in Natal is as much opposed to
Ethiopianism as the N atal government itself can be. Our missionaries have
used their whole influence against this pernicious movement, but the govern
ment officials insist upon it that our Congregational polity, which allows
independence to the churches and power to regulate their own affairs, is
Ethiopianism. It refuses to recognize the distinction between friendly over
sight and absolute authority. The native churches o f our mission are glad of
missionary supervision, but they have been taught that they are not under
missionary authority.
W hen the ministers of these churches, regularly ordained and approved
men, ask for a legal license to solemnize Christian marriages, the government
refuses because there are no ecclesiastical authorities that are responsible for
them.
In a document addressed as a reply to the remonstrances of our mission
aries in regard to obstructions placed upon their work, the acting prime
minister states that “ the true interests of missionary work can only be prop
erly served by qualified white missionaries being resident at and controlling
each station.” Such limitations are absolutely prohibitive to the work of the
Am erican Board on any large scale in A frica or elsewhere. I f a mission
cannot raise a native church self-supporting, self-propagating, and self
expanding, it must fail in the work o f evangelization given to it by a higher
than human authority.
The attitude o f the N atal government on points now named is more than
a handicap to the work of the B o a rd ; it seriously threatens its overthrow.
It is pleasant to be able to report in view of remonstrances made that the
government abated the exorbitant hut tax imposed upon residents o f the
reserves, reducing it from £3 to £1 10s. It is to be hoped that influences
may be brought to bear to change the attitude o f the government on other
points now referred to.
1907] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 35
Turning now to the detailed report o f the mission, .it is with great
gratitude that it can be said that, notwithstanding the reductions of its force
and the great strain to which the members o f the mission have been subjected,
there have been no serious sicknesses and none of the missionaries have fallen
by the way.
EDUCATIONAL WORK
Allusion is made to an effort begun in December, 1905, to secure a South
A frican College, to be established by the several states for giving higher
education to native students. The petition has been sent to the government
in reference to such a college and the people have been asked to provide funds
for the institution. It is a notable fact that from the natives alone gifts have
been received o f not less than $90,000 toward this institution, and the Natal
government has made a g ift o f $10,000. The future of this movement will
be watched with great interest.
The educational work of the Zulu Mission has three departments— the day
schools, the three seminaries or high schools, and the theological school.
The day schools allied with our mission number 59, with an enrollment
of 3,655 pupils, more than half of them girls; these are all under the efficient
supervision of Mr. Cowles. The government does not initiate work in the
schools, but it aids the work which is established by others.
The superintendent o f education in the colony says in his report, “ The
missionary o f all denominations with the assistance of government has been
pioneer of education in heathen Natal, and his efforts have brought him
xnore kicks than ha’pence” ; and he adds, “ During the year now ending 10,000
native boys and girls have been under instruction in the various mission
schools, but no less than 190,000 are still uneducated and densely ignorant.”
In reference to the part borne by our mission in this educational work, the
government instructor o f native schools in his report commends “ the Am er
ican Board of Missions for employing a supervisor and agent who has spared
no effort to make school work a success and with considerable effect.”
The fact is recognized that our mission is taking the lead in native educa
tional work, but there is very much more to be done. Three distinct lines are
mentioned in which advance is required. First, better teaching in the day
schools; second, more thorough supervision; third, better buildings and
equipments. The fund obtained from Reserve rents is available for the build
ing of new and better buildings on the reserves, and there is a brighter
prospect for these schools in the days to come.
Teachers’ conferences have been held, which are of great value, and
arrangements have been made for a teachers’ institute which will cover a
period of about four weeks.
TH E THREE SEMINARIES
The report o f the year shows that, notwithstanding the unusual trials of
the year, there has been more than usual success. The w ar has not closed
these schools, though the war and its attendant evils and the cattle disease
36 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Repor
have slightly decreased the attendance in the schools; but there has been at
advance in the standards o f scholarship.
The Amanzimtoti Seminary.— This seminary, which is the high school o:
the mission for boys, has had a prosperous year. Mr. LeR oy and his asso
ciates have succeeded in raising the tone o f the institution. The averag<
attendance o f the year has been 65, the instruction being given in Standard:
from I V to V II , inclusive. The classes in the lower standards have been abol
ished, so that the seminary has as pupils only those who are in training foi
teachers or are taking advanced work, thus putting the institution upon 1
higher grade than it has heretofore been. Miss H art, an educational expert
has aided in the work of the school for a portion o f the time, especially in th<
line o f training prospective teachers. The religious tone o f the school ha:
been gratifying, and the principal reports that the discipline o f the schoo
has been excellent and the w ork o f control delightful.
The Inanda Seminary.— T he teaching staff has been virtually the same a:
in previous years. Mrs. Edwards, after her nearly forty years o f service
is unable to take part as she has previously done in the work o f teaching
but her presence and influence are greatly valued. Miss H art, the educationa
expert, who has aided in other schools, has given instruction at Inanda foi
nine months as a teacher o f teachers, and the methods she inaugurated have
been adopted in the institution. The Misses Hitchcock also have for a tim(
given valuable service in Bible lessons and in singing. Miss Martha J
Lindley has also continued her aid, which is highly appreciated.
Industrial work has been carried on successfully, the scholars in Standard:
from III to V spending twenty-five hours weekly in manual work, either ii
sewing, laundry work, or housework. The laundry is feeling the effects oi
the general business depression in the colony; yet there has been as nrucl'
work as could be well done. In the field work the corn crop was the larges
ever gathered, amounting to about 500 bushels, enough to supply the large
fam ily with corn-meal mush twice a day for the last part o f the year. Thi
gardens were m ercifully delivered from serious damage by locusts.
One of the best results that can be recorded is the quickened spiritual life
on the part o f a large number, and there have been several conversions
which have given much encouragement to all in charge o f the seminary.
Umzumbe Seminary.— The most notable event of the year has been the
total destruction by fire, on September 25, of the teachers’ home at Umzumbe
In the short space o f one hour the building and all it contained was swepl
aw ay by the flames. The girls in the school, however, with surprising alacritj
rescued some articles which were within their grasp. Through the generosity
of friends personal losses have been repaired in a measure and new wardrobes
have been provided, and the work of the school has gone forw ard success
fully. The W oman’s Board o f Missions has generously made a grant oi
$4,000 for the rebuilding o f the house, and the work has already been begun.
The question of removal to some other spot was debated at length, but the
conclusion was unanimously reached that the Umzumbe Home should be
continued at the old stand.
I9°7] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 37
There has been an average of 80 pupils during the year. Miss Frost has
not as yet returned from her furlough. Miss A lice Smith has prolonged
her stay with her sister, who is the principal, and Miss H art has rendered
service here as at Amanzimtoti and Inanda in normal training. The health
of the students has been good, and they have shown their energy by the
organization of a literary society, which is entirely under their care. More
than half o f the food needed in the institution is provided by the school
gardens, in which the work is done by the pupils. W hile literary work has
received the best o f attention, the spiritual needs have not been neglected.
Revival meetings have been held with the help of local preachers, and special
evangelistic services have been held by Mr. M axwell for over four days.
The Amanzimtoti Theological School.— This is entirely distinct from the
Amanzimtoti Seminary, though located at the same place. This school has
had 7 fine young men as pupils, who have received instruction during eight
months, and the work under the charge of Messrs. Ransom and Taylor has
been full o f interest and profit. ' The unusual strain put upon the mission
on account o f the disturbances at Esidumbini and in that vicinity necessitated
the absence of both Messrs. Ransom and T aylor for a much longer time than
was desirable, but the closing exercises o f the school gave gratifying evidence
of the thoroughness of the instruction received by the students. This school
is the crown of the educational work o f the mission, and its value cannot
be overestimated. The report says:
“ A large and interesting class is seeking admission next term, a larger
class than has ever entered before and of superior fitness. Some are former
graduates o f the boys’ seminary, and others have long been looking forward
to the time when they would be free to give themselves to three years of
Bible study— just the class of men most desirable for such a course. The
eagerness which some of them have shown to reach this place of learning
borders on the pathetic. The long journey taken by two o f their number with
wives and children and household goods, only to find that they had come at
an inopportune time and must retrace their steps and wait for another year,
deeply stirred our sympathies. But, alas, the school is not to open, nor can
it open until our reiterated pleas for more mission workers have been heard
and answered, and some one from over the seas has come to take up this
work. H ow many more years w ill this eager class be willing to wait, and
where are the men for our advance movement for which the tribes in the
interior are w aitin g?”
The demand is made by the Natal government that organized work for
the native population shall be conducted only where there is a resident white
missionary, this necessitating for the present, at least, the closing of this
school in order that those who have it in charge may employ their time in
the supervision o f the work of the churches in various parts of the colony.
It is a necessity much to be lamented.
TH E STATIONS
■ Umzumbe.— A t this southernmost station o f the mission the church reports
a prosperous year. The pastor, Rev. Mr. Mabuda Cele, who has served most
3 8 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report
acceptably as preacher or pastor there for more than twenty-five years, has
been called to the church at Pretoria in the Transvaal and has accepted the
charge. A native o f the place, a young man of excellent spirit, is acting
pastor at present. The church has a membership o f 272 and an average
attendance at worship of over 700. Connected with the station are 10 out-
stations and preaching places; 18 have been received into the church the
past year. The pastor speaks with high appreciation of the help which Mis?
Smith, the principal of the home, has given the church in the reorganization
o f the Sunday school and in taking a class o f men.
Newtonville is an outstation of Umzumbe, on the western boundary of
Natal, and reached from Umzumbe by a two days’ journey on foot. It has
been a promising center o f work for some years. The story o f this outstation
is given in the general letter o f the mission as illustrating the conditions
tinder which the native agency is endeavoring to conduct its w ork: “ An
Umzumbe graduate of the theological school was appointed to the place and
his relations with the people were most harmonious. H e became very happy
and enthusiastic in his work both as evangelist and school-teacher. In due
time a call was given him to settle among the people as their pastor. Plans
for enlargement were made, a stone schoolhouse was going up, and they were
hoping for a fine school under government support, as well as evangelistic
work in all the neighboring kraals. A home for the prospective pastor had
been provided, and arrangements were made for the family to come. A t this
juncture a government official appears on the scene and the arrangement is
forbidden. The people are left shepherdless, and the intended pastor is bereft
of his charge and forced to look elsewhere for occupation.’’
Umtwalume.— This church, which has been without a pastor for two or
three years, has now extended a call to Rev. Mr. Sivetye, who for sixteen
years has been pastor o f the Esidumbini church, where he made a notable
record for loyalty in the late rebellion. He finds a wide and interesting field
at Umtwalume, having the largest church, save one, in the mission. It is
here that a band of young men was organized as volunteers some seven years
ago to conduct evangelistic work in the kraals and at central points in the
region.
I f afa .— Mr. W ilcox, the missionary resident at Ifa fa , has had general
oversight o f the w ork on the south coast. This has been quite too much of
a burden, inasmuch as he has been required to spend half of his time upon
the revision o f the translation of the Bible; yet he has visited Umzumbe,
Umtwalume, Newtonville, and outstations connected therewith, requiring 1,400
miles o f riding, beside 1,000 miles of railway travel. These churches under
his charge have an enrollment o f over 1,700, and 70 members have been added
on confession of faith the past year. Evangelist Franson has held meetings,
and though but for two days, a quickening of the church activities resulted.
Amanzimtoti (Adam s) .— A ll the missionaries located at this station have
had their burdens much increased because o f the rebellion, which afflicted the
churches in the districts north o f them. Messrs. Ransom, Taylor, LeRoy, and
M axwell visited the burned and desolated districts, ministering as best they
1907] South African Mission — Zulu Branch 39
could to the scattered people. But good results have followed at Amanzimtoti
and its outstations. There is now a united church, and there are cheering
reports from all the outstations. ^This marks a great change for the better.
In the home church the spirit of the members is harmonious and earnest, and
there has been evident growth during the year. R evival meetings held by
Mr. Franson, and later on by the Misses Hitchcock, were very helpful. The
quiet and faithful ministry of the pastor, Joel Bulose, is especially mentioned.
The North Coast.— This district includes 8 churches, chief of which are
Esidumbini, Noodsberg, Umsunduze, Umvoti, and Mapumulo. Mr. Taylor
writes the report from this district, as he has done in previous years. W e find
some items of cheer in spite o f the general depression. It has been impossible
to give the oversight to this field which it should have had, and the results
of its inadequate care are seen in the disasters which have been reported
elsewhere. The missionary force has been totally inadequate to meet the
needs of the field. For four years Umsunduze has been without even a
native pastor, and the buildings and‘the congregations have suffered severely.
Itafamasi has been visited only occasionally by a missionary, whose attention
while there had to be devoted to the visitation of the day schools. The church
has a membership of 141, 22 of whom were received last year. The pastor,
Rev. J. Gobozi, is laboring most devotedly, holding meetings at the central
station and its 8 branches. The church has built a parsonage with nine
rooms — the women bringing water from the river and the men m ixing the
clay and plastering the house. Esidumbini and Noodsberg have in the past
been well provided with native ministers and have received missionary
supervision, but the terrible outbreak of the rebellion reduced these two
churches from self-support to dependency. Umvoti, whose native pastor was
deposed from the ministry three years since, remained without a pastor and
the church is decadent. Mapumulo is the brightest spot in the whole field.
Under an able native minister real progress has been made, but even here
missionary assistance is greatly desired.
W hile the hearts of our missionaries are sore over the desolation caused
by the storm of fire and destruction involved in the suppression o f the
rebellion, they are devoutly grateful for the unflinching loyalty of the native
preachers, and that only a small minority of the membership of the churches
in the rebellion district threw in their lot with the rebels. Mr. Goodenough,
from Johannesburg, spent three months away from his work, visiting stricken
people in the desolated region and winning all hearts by his devoted labors
in behalf of the sufferers. The attitude of the native people toward our
missionaries and mission work is most hopeful, and gives promise not only
of harmony but o f active cooperation to heal the wounds caused by the war.
Johannesburg.— Mr. Goodenough, who has the care of this station, has
been away from his home for half the time, and while at home has had work
not specially belonging to the Johannesburg field. Am ong the matters that
claimed his attention was the situation in Engonyameni, the interesting district
near Delagoa Bay. The beginning of mission work in this district was
described in the Missionary Herald for January, 1905. The Christian com
40 South African Mission — Zulu Branch [Report
munity there has prospered, but there have been difficulties between the native
preachers and the Portuguese authorities, the government not liking the hold
ing of night schools, which, indeed, are liable to lead to some irregularities,
but which are regarded as necessary, inasmuch as the teachers, who receive
no pay for their services, could not leave their work in the daytime to teach.
Mr. Goodenough was able to interpose with the authorities in behalf o f this
Christian community, and now the native pastor at Mapumulo has been called
to take the lead o f this Christian district.
The three congregations in Johannesburg at N ew Doornfontein, M ayfair,
and Robinson Deep Mine have been maintained, though the evening schools
have fallen off somewhat in attendance. This is not to be wondered at, since
the government requires all natives without passes to be at home by nine
o ’clock, and the missionaries are not permitted to give out these passes.
Rev. E. H. Richards, o f Inhambane, had visited Johannesburg to look after
the natives who have come to labor in the Johannesburg mines from his
district; these people wrill attend the church and school under the care of
our mission. A t Germiston there has been some improvement, marked by an
increase in attendance and interest. The church in Pretoria at last has a
pastor, having called Rev. Mabuda Cele from Umzumbe. A t the reception
o f this pastor the house o f worship was packed with an interested audience,
and addresses were made, or interpreted, in English, Dutch, Zulu, and Sesutu.
Great harmony now exists between the church and people. Mr. Mabuda has
visited the Sheba mines, where there is a small offshoot o f the Pretoria
church.
Durban.— The work at Durban, though lacking the supervision o f a resi
dent missionary for nearly twro years, has held its own as well as could be
expected. The business depression in the colony, and especially at this port,
has affected the demand for native labor, and the laborers from the interior
districts have not been as numerous as heretofore. The schools and the
congregations have, therefore, not been as large. The native pastor has
been faithful and devoted, seeking in every way the prosperity o f the central
church and at the nine outstations. The church membership now numbers
395. The new chapel and the fine modern dispensary are in close proximity
and both are beautiful and attractive buildings.
TH E MEDICAL WORK
For three months o f the year Dr. M cCord was absent as surgeon of a
native regiment engaged in suppressing the rebellion, striving to w ork for
peace and good order wherever the regiment went. The disturbances through
out the colony have had the effect o f reducing the number of applicants
at the dispensary; the number of applicants for the year has been 3,300. On
the other hand, the fact that fifty per cent o f the patients are new applicants
shows that the medical work is more widely known, and now that peace has
been restored and better conditions prevail it is to be anticipated that the
applications for treatment will largely increase. A year or more ago Dr.
M cCord secured a site and the means for erecting thereon a hospital in the
1907] South African Mission— Zulu Branch 4 i
city of Durban, and was proceeding with the work when the residents in the
vicinity, who did not desire to have a native hospital established in so prom
inent a place, brought suit in the supreme court, which rendered a decision
in accordance writh the wish of the remonstrants. The decision, however,
was successfully resisted before the same court, which removed the injunc
tion, but left the costs of the litigation to be paid by the hospital funds — a
decision which seems very extraordinary. A s these costs amounted to between
four and five thousand dollars, there was nothing left for the erection of the
building, so that the work is at present at a standstill; but with such a
resourceful leader as Dr. McCord, it is not to be anticipated that this work
will always remain at a standstill.
Beira .— This station has special relations to both the Zulu and Rhodesian
Branches of the Am erican Board’s Mission in South A frica. Mr. Bunker
and his fam ily arrived at Beira in July, 1905, to inaugurate the work which
was to be specially supported under the name of the “ Ruth T racy Strong
Mission.” Though the opening seemed promising, and though Mr. Bunker
has labored indefatigablv, lie has met with obstructions which have threat
ened the very existence of the work. The hostility of the Portuguese author
ities at Beira has been constant. The story of the hindrances placed in the
way of the mission is quite too long for this report. Trouble began by the
arrest and imprisonment of a few young men who had been gathered into
a school. They were threatened with severest punishment if they were again
found in school. The Zulu assistant, Mhlanganiso, was imprisoned and put
in the chain gang. Appeal was made to the governor general at Lorenzo
Marquez, who promised that such interferences should cease. In view of
these promises the school was again opened, the boys having been assured
that it was safe for them to attend. But again they were arrested and beaten,,
and were warned to have no more to do with these foreigners, who w ere
teaching sedition. The controversy has continued, the young men being scat
tered and living in constant fear of arrest and imprisonment. Some of them
have left for safer districts where they might pursue their studies. Mr.
Bunker is still in conference with the governor general and with the Am er
ican consul at Lorenzo Marquez. It is admitted that by the laws of Portugal
and by international treaties the preaching of the gospel is not to be
restrained, while the schools must have governmental permission. N otwith
standing the trials of the past two years it is believed that influences can be
brought to bear upon the local officials so that they will refrain from violent
opposition. Tim e and patience are needed to remove prejudices and to
demonstrate the good character of the missionary undertaking. A t the last
reports local officials were acting as they had done, and three of the men
who had aroused their opposition were still kept on the chain gang. In
leaving Beira to attend the annual meeting o f the mission, Mr. Bunker closed
what he was maintaining as a school because he did not deem it safe for the
boys to attend.
During his enforced idleness Mr. Bunker, in connection with the Zulu
helpers, has translated into Chindao, the mother tongue of the natives, some
hymns, the Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer, and the Sermon on the
Mount; also Luke’s Gospel has already been printed and the A cts o f the
Apostles is nearly translated. This work of translation is carried on in
common with the missionaries at Mt. Silinda and Chikore.
As to results, Mr. Bunker can point to twenty or more boys who have
learned to read and write in their own language, and to many more who are
studying in barracks and kraals with the aid of one who has been taught
in the school. W e can also refer to a company of other young fellows who,
debarred by opposition at Beira, have gone elsewhere and are in other schools,
giving promise o f future usefulness. He says, also, that every Sunday he sees
some whose faces indicate a change of character which cannot be attributed
to mere human influence. It is a time of trial for this Beira work, but there
is no occasion for despair. The good seed is not lost.
1907] European Turkey Mission 43
EUROPEAN TURKEY MISSION
M o n a s t i r . — W illiam P. Clarke, Ordained; M r s . Martha G. Clarke, Miss Harriet L. Cole, Miss M ary L. Matthews.
P h i l i p p o f o l i s . — George D. Marsh, d.d., Henry C. Haskell, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, Mrs. Margaret B. Haskell.
S a m o k o v .— John W. Baird, Robert Thomson, Leroy F. Ostrander, Ordained; Mrs.
Ellen R. Baird, Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson, Mrs. Mary L. Ostrander, Miss Esther T .
Maltbie, Miss M ary M. H askell; James F. Clarke, d.d., and Theodore T . H olway,
Ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway (all three residing at Sofia).
S a l o n i c a . — J. Henry House, d . d . , Edward B. Haskell, Ordained; Mrs. Addie B. House, Mrs. Elisabeth F. Haskell.
On the way out.— Miss Agnes M. Baird, Miss Inez L. Abbott.
In this country.— Miss Ellen M. Stone, Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Emma Baird.
Four stations; 57 outstations; 10 ordained missionaries; 9 w ives; 8 single
women; total missionary force, 27; there are 18 ordained native preachers; 12 unor
dained preachers; 51 teachers; 6 Bible-w om en; 13 other native helpers; total native
helpers, 99. The mission has 17 churches, with 1,453 communicants; 62 were added
on confession during the year, and the average attendance was 3,283. In the 53 Sun
day schools there is a membership of 2,535. There is 1 theological and collegiate
school, with 5 studying for the ministry, and 71 pupils in collegiate training; 3 board
ing and high schools, with 154 female and 12 male students. The 25 other schools
have 327 boys and 251 girls in training, making a total number under Christian instruc
tion in the mission of 820. N ative contributions for the support of their own work
amounted to 139,172 piasters, or $6,124.
Few changes have taken place in this mission in the past year. Miss Baird
has returned to resume her work at Samokov. Mr. and Mrs. H olway have
removed to Sofia, where evangelistic work can be carried on more advan
tageously. Miss Clarke has come home for her regular furlough, and Miss
Stone is still detained in this country. Miss Abbott, newly appointed, has
gone out to work in the Girls’ Boarding School at Samokov.
PUBLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION
The mission issued during the year no new tracts, but printed new editions
of several old ones. Aside from these the chief work done w as: (1 ) The
44 European Turkey Mission [Report
completing o f the N ew Testament H istory; (2) the issue o f the “ L ife o f
Christ/’ in the words o f the four evangelists; (3) the issue of Part I o f
the second edition of the “ Method for Learning E nglish” ; (4) the announce
ment o f P art II o f the same; (5) the announcement of the new edition o f
the “ Hymn and Tune B ook” ; (6) the issue of the tentative revision of Luke
(in which centered the chief interest o f the year).
The small Bulgarian-English and English-Bulgarian dictionary, published
by Rev. C. F. Morse in 1860, has long been out of print and secondhand
copies are prized like gold; but money has been so scarce for all the work
of the mission that the missionaries have studied the language by every sort
o f makeshift rather than to put their scant funds into a dictionary. Now,
however, Mr. Morse (retired) has come to the rescue of the mission again,
and after three years o f hard work has prepared a Bulgarian-English dic
tionary of 20,000 words, the manuscript o f which he presents to the mission
as a free gift. Those who have examined the manuscript consider the
definitions admirable. It is hoped that the English-Bulgarian part, long since
prepared by Professor Panaretoff, o f Robert College, may be secured for
a moderate sum, and by the joint publication of his work and Mr. M orse’s
the mission may be supplied with what it ought to have had thirty years ago.
The present great exodus o f Bulgarians to Am erica and the introduction of
English into the university and some of the gymnasia by the Bulgarian
government will probably create such a demand for the dictionary as to
bring back the money put into it much sooner than could be expected from
most books o f its size.
The publication department closed the financial year with a debt o f
fT.47.59 ($211.30); this, in spite of the fact that the book sales exceeded
those o f the preceding year by £T.8o.6o ($357.86). The debt was due as
much to the necessity of purchasing large quantities o f printing paper, in
order to secure uniform ity o f paper for the whole “ Hymn and Tune B ook”
and another publication, as to the facts that receipts for job printing wrere
less by about £T.7 ($31.08) than the previous year and that the appropriation
received from the mission was £T.i2.88 ($57.19) less than the year before.
Some special gifts to the Zornitza made it possible for this paper (pub
lished at Philippopolis) to continue its important evangelical work. The
number o f subscribers was about 1,200. This increase of 200 over the pre
ceding year was due in part to the giving as premiums of 900 copies of
“ E xtracts from the Zornitza for 1876.” The editors of the paper are grateful
for the generous donation o f 500 francs from the Bulgarian Evangelical
Society. It is hoped that this paper can continue to live and work. A s Dr.
M arsh sa ys: “ It w as never more needed. It is the only organ of the mission,
and is one o f its few evangelizing agencies.”
Under this same heading of “ Publications” can be grouped the sales of
Bibles conducted in the various stations. The total number o f Scriptures sold
in the Samokov station for the year was 253. O f the receipts for these
sales £T.9.5i came through colporters and fT.23.55 through the book depart
ment. In Salonica, Scriptures in 14 languages were sold, making a total
19°7] European Turkey Mission 45
o f 1,434, valued at $250. The value of other books sold was $142. About
1,600 free tracts were distributed. Philippopolis reports in its colportage and
book work for 1906, 2,074 copies and parts of Scriptures sold for about
<>6 liras; 1,345 mission books from Constantinople for about 26 liras;
besides large amounts o f books and tracts from Samokov, the Bulgarian
Evangelical Society, and the Methodist Mission. The New Testaments of
the new edition are going rapidly.
SAMOKOV STATION
The Field— About 125 x 75 miles greatest dimensions. Population,
355,000. V illages and towns, at least 853, of which 6 are occupied by Chris
tian w orkers; 7 regularly visited; 5 occasionally visited. The colporters o f
Samokov and Sofia visit about 130. Some hamlets are rarely visited, even
by Orthodox priests. V illagers ignorant, though often pious. Cities corrupt.
Impure pictures abound. Church mainly formal, but now awakening. Clergy
themselves admit powerlessness. M any teachers infidels, members o f state
church for patriotism only. M any others Socialists or Tolstoyists. Evan
gelistic work in this field necessarily small because of lack of men and money.
Field fo r c e : 4 preachers, 2 Bible-women, 2 colporters, besides missionaries.
The personnel remains the same, and the work is divided up in essentially
the same fashion as last year. Rev. Robert Thomson has continued in church
and publication work and in the preparation of the new edition of the Bible.
He has also taught systematic theology in the seminary. Rev. J. W . Baird
has given most of his time to teaching in the Collegiate and Theological
Institute, and has also continued to have charge of the woodworking depart
ment and of repairs. Rev. L. F. Ostrander continues his work as director
o f the Collegiate and Theological Institute. He teaches a number o f classes
and acts as secretary of both station and mission. Rev. T. T. H olw ay teaches
in the institution, is station treasurer, and has charge of colportage, book
department, and field work. A ll the above, together with two Bulgarians,
take their turn in the preaching and other religious exercises of the local
■church. Miss Maltbie and Miss Haskell continue their work in the Girls’
Boarding School, the former as directress, the la tte r 'a s assistant. Both
teach in the school and also do much visiting in the towns. In addition to
the regular force, Miss Emma Baird is in charge of the kindergarten in
•connection with the Girls’ Boarding School. Dr. Clarke is domiciled in Sofia,
with his daughter, in the new kindergarten building. He has been energetic
during the year in distributing tracts and introducing Christian literature
into the prisons and hospitals o f the country. He is further striving to intro-
'duce temperance instruction into the public schools through the ministry.
M iss E. C. Clarke has charge o f the kindergarten in Sofia.
Evangelistic.— The outstations Dubnitsa, Stope, Kustendil, Banya, Koste-
nets, Ichtiman, Ludjene, Pirdope, and Zlatitza have been visited during the
year by missionaries, theological students, and lay workers o f Pastor Fur-
■nadjieff. The summary of days spent in touring is as follows: B y students,
74: by Pastor Furnadjieff and 2 lay workers, 115; by ordained missionaries,
*66; by the ladies, 13; total, 268.
46 European l'urkey Mission [Report
In Samokov outside opposition decreases. M any of the Orthodox towns
people, army officers, officials, and others have repeatedly attended the Sun
day service as well as the various lectures and entertainments. U nfortu
nately, however, while there is much more tolerance, and while many approve
o f almost all that is preached, very few indeed of the outsiders are cour
ageous enough to come out boldly on the side o f evangelical Christianity.
The average attendance o f the Samokov church has been 245; that of the
Sunday school, 205. Four were added to the church by confession. The
total amount contributed by the church was ¿T.82.23 ($361.81).
Sofia, the capital o f Bulgaria, with over 81,000 inhabitants, is the seat
o f the strongest church in thé Samokov station (96 members; 365 adherents;
255 average attendance on church; 120 at Sunday school). This church
reaches many students from both the gymnasia and the National University,
besides various other persons whose influence could count much for Christ.
E xtensive repairs have greatly improved the church building. It has been
only because o f the B oard’s financial situation that the imperatively needed
advance work in Sofia has not been made.
The Collegiate and Theological Institute.— The plan of bringing up the
course o f study to the standard o f the national gymnasia has been held to,
the first five classes having reached that standard.. There has been a
theological class this year with a membership o f 5.
In order to provide for the extra amount of teaching required by the
changes in the curriculum arid by the theological class some of the mission
aries and Bulgarian teachers have taken on more work. The principal of
the Jewish school, who has had the highest class in French, was obliged
to leave about the middle o f M arch; one o f the growing needs in the teach
ing force is an instructor who w ill take charge of the entire French
department.
The teachers this past year have joined with the ladies o f the girls’
school in organizing a teachers’ club, to meet once a month for social inter
course and the stimulating discussion of various pedagogical, educational,
and school subjects and problems.
The school closed in July, with 67 students in attendance. O f these, 4
graduated in the scientific course. The general health o f the students has
been good; likewise the general conduct o f the students. Anything like a
general rebellious spirit has been happily absent, and factional strife and
partisanship have not been rampant. Most o f the students have manifested
a willingness to study and a good degree o f faithfulness in their work, even
though the new curriculum is proving a rather heavy load for some classes.
It is encouraging to note that those who have gone from the Institute to
other schools in the country have had no difficulty in meeting the tests of
those schools; that they compare more than favorably with their new fellow-
students in the character o f their preparation and work, and in general win
the approbation o f their new teachers for their ability and conduct. The
boys o f the Institute this year have shown the same spirit o f industry as in
other years. A ll the janitor work of the school has been done by them, and
1907]■ European Turkey Mission 47
also the care of the yard and the cutting and piling of the various wood
supplies o f the school and the missionaries’ houses. ' Twenty-eight have
worked in the printing offices and 28 in the carpentry shop. It is estimated
that this year the average amount earned by each student in the printing
office will be about $13.20.
It is to be regretted that no striking results in the religious life of the
students can be reported. A new feature in the Young Men’s Christian Asso
ciation Sunday meetings was a series of biographical talks on Christian men
who have rendered signal service to their countries and the world. The
hours o f Sunday afternoon have been made bright and attractive to the boys
by the sessions o f their Sunday Club, under the leadership of Mrs. Ostrander,
and by the Sunday games in the home of Mrs. Baird. The gospel truth has
been constantly and faithfully presented through the Sunday sermons, in the
Sunday school, and in the morning and evening prayers. The claims o f
personal purity have also been presented again this year, and many of the
new boys have been enrolled in the league. A number of Christian students
have done faithful and effective work in visiting the sick and poor and in
distributing Christian literature. The students have taken an active part
in the work of the temperance society, going out into the streets to look for
those in a condition to need their help, and assisting the teachers in the giving
of public temperance entertainments. The school study hall has been placed
at the disposal o f the society. Public discussions have been held on such
topics as “ The Evils of Drinking,” “ Its Causes,” and “ Its Remedies.” These
have attracted large audiences and have called forth lively debates. The
free public lectures have also been continued.
Another phase of school activity deserves special mention. It is the
school fire brigade. For years the scholars have been the most effective fire
fighting agency in the city, almost always first on the scene in case of need.
For their services in a recent fire a local factory sent them a cordial letter
of thanks and a present of $20, which is to be used for new equipment; and
the city council has voted that one of the city pumps may be kept in the
school yard for the use of the students in their work as a fire brigade. The
boys take great pride in the effectiveness of their organization under the
leadership of Mr. Baird. It is also to be noted that the students have
recently organized an athletic club for the practice of class drills in
calisthenics and of gymnastic feats.
“ A s to the future of the school,” writes Principal Ostrander, “ living at
this dying rate is very hard. A n adequate endowment should be secured so
that the necessities of the school can be met.” The school is worthy of a
good endowment, as its opportunities for doing good are very great, and as
it is the only evangelical institution for the higher education of Bulgarian
boys in the Balkan peninsula. The plan laid out for improvement and
enlargement should be followed up and the Institute made worthy o f govern
ment recognition as a full gymnasium.
The Girls’ Boarding School was never so widely advertised in the press
of the country as a year ago, on the occasion of the seventieth birthday o f
48 European Turkey Mission [Report
the principal, M iss Maltbie. The papers announced the approaching jubilee
and wrote it up afterwards. One paper said, “ For training and discipline
the Am erican Pension for Girls at Samokov is unique in the country.”
The last school year closed quite successfully, 6 pupils receiving diplomas.
Considering the lack o f sufficient teaching force and the overcrowded state
o f the school the progress made has been quite encouraging. The kinder
gartens have mustered 30 recruits, while the main school has received 92.
T hirty-four of the 65 boarders pay full board or more. Aside from a severe
case o f pneumonia the health of the school has been very excellent.
The decline o f fanaticism in Samokov is seen in the freedom with which
the town’s people patronize the schools. W hen Miss Clarke opened the first
kindergarten, nine years ago, her numbers were much depleted by the
opposition of the clergy. A t present the only fear of the people is that
they will not be able to get their children into the kindergarten because of
limited accommodations.
The school’s regular church contribution has been n o francs. The year
has seen some quite marked victories over self and a few seekers after the
light.
A s for the needs— “ Nowr faith is the substance of a new school building
hoped for, the evidence of classrooms and audience hall, dormitories, a
dining room, furnaces, cellars, and storerooms yet unseen. W e have faith.”
This school is facing a crisis, due to the new demands of the government
requiring teachers to have a university education. Thus far none o f the
teachers prepared by the school has attained the standard now set. It is
imperative that funds be secured to provide for the university education of
these Christian Bulgarian teachers for the Protestant primary schools.
Though the sum o f $375 would suffice to enable a competent young lady to
continue her studies at the U niversity of Sofia for a year, in most cases
the sum of $250 would probably be needed each year for three or four years.
MONASTIR
Evangelistic.— This station, where Rev. W illiam P. Clarke is at w ork for
the Bulgarian-speaking people in Turkey proper, has succeeded in securing
an unusually well-qualified native pastor in Rev. L. A . Mircheft. A second
preaching place w as opened, M arch 10, in Jenimahala, where the average
attendance has been 72. The church at M onastir has averaged 118 in
attendance and 96 for the Sunday school. The first evangelical communion
service ever held in Prilep was celebrated in November in connection with
the baptism of a young persecuted teacher of the place. There is an encour
aging Sunday school work at Voden. Several new followers have come out
-during the year at Yenidje. The friends there want very much a little school
such as there is in Voden, carried on by Miss Zurneva.
On M ay 1, 1906, the Essery Memorial Orphanage occupied its new home,
bought, the previous fall from funds in hand, and passed over to the Board.
T h e station is trying to secure a matron from Am erica. T w o of the boys
have already gone to the Thessalonica Institute. A t present there are 26
girl? and 11 boys.
19 °7] European Turkey Mission 49
The Kortcha Girls’ Boarding School has had difficulties again with the
government on account o f the use of the Albanian language. The school
was officially closed last February, though school work has not actually been
stopped. The matter is in the hands of the embassy, and it is hoped that
the outcome will be perfect freedom for work in connection with the school.
Mr. Tsilka has been holding English classes for boys. He reports
increased interest in and attendance at the preaching services. The attend
ance has been 21; Sunday school, 21.
Girls’ Boarding School.— There have been 24 boarders and 17 day pupils;
the former represent the Uskub, Salonica, and Monastir vilayets, and Bul
garian, Servian, Roumanian, Gipsy, and Levantine nationalities.
A s all the orphanage children could not be received as day pupils for lack
of room, only a few of the more advanced ones are instructed at the school,
while the rest, 11 boys and 17 girls, are instructed at the orphanage by one
o f the graduates of the school. That department is under the 'direction of
the principal of the school.
The work has progressed quietly and steadily. The spirit of the girls
has been so good that they have been put upon their honor in regard to ,
keeping rules, and are not required to give conduct reports. This has been
most satisfactory, and all the teachers agree that never wertt.the rules kept
so well as this year. Few offenses have had to be recorded, though the
previous school year had seen unusual trials.
No matron of the school is employed, as it is found more satisfactory to
put the various house duties upon the girls, under the direction o f an assist
ant teacher. This is best for the development of the girls themselves, and
is necessary in order to reduce expenses as much as possible. The cost of
living in the city has increased greatly in the last two years, so much so that
it has been necessary to raise the charge for board from 8 to 10 liras.
W hile there has been no revival, so called, there has been an earnest
Christian spirit, and the usual religious services have been well sustained.
One o f the boarders, a day pupil, and a faithful Greek servant girl of the
American teachers were received into the evangelical church. That was a
day o f special joy, as then the missionaries saw the answer to their prayers
of many years. A t Christmas a sum of money was raised in the two Chris
tian Endeavor Societies to purchase Bibles and Testaments for the prisoners,
in their own languages. A temperance society has been organized, nearly
all the boarders belonging to it. For more than two months before Christ
mas the boarders were allowed to go without the few nuts or apples that
would have been provided for dessert twice a week, and this money was
used by them for a dinner, to wrhich the 37 children at the orphanage were
invited, and which the girls prepared. This was glad service for others.
New books have lately come and are meeting a long-felt want, both for
fresh Sunday reading and for reference.
W e cannot close this report without mentioning the work done by the
graduates, 32 in number. A ll but 3 have taught in the mission schools and
outstations for periods varying from one to fifteen years. The number so
5 ° European Turkey Mission [Report
employed at present is II. The aggregate of such service by 29 graduates
is 131 years. There has been no graduate o f this school who has not been
a member o f an evangelical church, and but one is known to have turned
away from the faith o f his school days.
SALONICA
Statistical Summary.— This field, with its 7 organized churches and
19 brotherhoods, or communities, has 13 schools, with 276 pupils under
instruction. In 1906 the station had only 30 additions on confession, as
against 47 in 1905. It is compelled to record a net loss o f 12 communicants,
leaving a total o f 608. There was also a net loss of 11 adherents, leaving
a total o f 1,655. The native contributions for religious work were $1,076,
a gain o f $111.89 over the previous year. The grand total o f gifts for all
purposes was $1,360.79, a net gain o f $89.89.
Personnel.— D r. House gives one-third of his time to the industrial school
instead of one-fourth, as last year. In November, when the lease o f the
form er dwelling expired, the House fam ily removed to the school, as it
seemed necessary either to postpone the enterprise or to have a responsible
superintendent on the ground. Mr. Haskell in his tours has resorted to the
stereopticon with good success. The station has suffered a loss in the removal
o f Mr. J. Frohlich, who was obliged to leave for India because o f a sudden
urgent need in his father’s business.
The Work at Large.— The 25 outstations have been served by 4 ordained
and 5 unordained preachers. The work in Uskub has been set back by the
departure o f some followers to A m erica; yet a new member recently was
received, and new hearers keep up the congregation to an average of 20.
The Monospitovo church has suffered terribly in its spirituality from the
implication of its members in revolutionary work. According to its size this
has always been the most unsatisfactory church in the matter o f giving.
There is a faithful remnant, and after these stormy years are past the work
w ill probably be revived. Another organized church can be reported, namely,
at Drama, with 45 members. There is some encouragement at Djum ai Baala,
where several young men have become regular attendants at the preaching
services. Here a larger and better room for services and a day school are
greatly needed. The church at Bansko has been weakened very much
numerically and financially by removals to Bulgaria, due to disturbed con
ditions. Some of the refugees, however, had already lost spirituality through
too much politics. Some who remain are coming forw ard to take respon
sibility, and the spiritual condition of the church is more hopeful than last
year. A t Yakorouda there are good and grow ing congregations and much
reason for encouragement. A good degree o f unanimity in the church at
Stroumitza is to be noted, as well as the probability o f the completion of a
new house. This community lost its first building lot through Greek intrigues.
In 1895 it bought the house since used, enlarged it once, but still found it
cramped and inconvenient. A Servian worker is needed at Prishtina or
M itrovitza. In both these places the faithful Christian living of some of
i9°7] European Turkey Mission 5i
the friends and the efforts of the local lay preachers are awakening some
souls who seem likely to become decided followers o f Christ. A strong
man is needed in the city of Salonica, with its 10,000 Bulgarian inhabitants,
for the missionaries are too much loaded with other work to do all the
pastoral duties and preaching needed. The strength given to education by
the Bulgarian exarchate, especially in cities, seems to demand of the mis-
sion either to do more or to abandon the primary schools. In villages the
station schools do not suffer in comparison, even where they have but one
teacher to the Orthodox school two. The station during the year has tried
putting a strong head teacher with an assistant in both Stroumitza and
Drama. The children o f adherents in both M itrovitza and D jum ai Baala
have been expelled from the public schools until such time as their parents
shall recant the “ Protestant heresy.”
Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute.— Though not sup
ported by the Am erican Board, this Institute is vitally connected with the
work of the station and mission. The teaching force at the Institute is now
much stronger than it was, as Mrs. House and Miss House, a recent grad
uate of Lake E rie College, Ohio, are assisting in the Institute. Dr. House has
also been able to begin lessons in agriculture with the pupils. A practical
master mason and plumber gives freely a portion of his time for the privi
lege of studying in the theological class. The Institute is in great need of
men for carrying on this industrial work under evangelical auspices. In
order to increase the productiveness of the farm and industries good farm
implements are needed, such as a plow, a disk harrow, a grain drill, a fan
ning mill, and a subsurface packer.
Difficulties.— A ll hopes of the pacification of the country or any consid
erable improvement in the conditions of life among the people through the
reforms have died out of all breasts. A great part of the population has
lost hope o f any gain through the revolutionary movement. In mixed
Greco-Bulgarian or Servo-Bulgarian districts the dangers of the hapless
inhabitants are greatly increased by the internecine feud. The efforts of
extremists lately are succeeding to some extent in causing friction in mixed
evangelical communities which up to this year had ignored political factions
and lived harmoniously as brethren. Also, they are adding to the difficulties
of the missionary’s position. Out of courtesy to and desire for comity with
the independent Greek work Salonica station has avoided opening any Greek
work in Macedonia. But the Greek nationalists, failing to understand— or
perhaps not knowing— the motives of the missionaries, are inclined to regard,
them as Bulgarian partisans because they work among Bulgarians and not
among Greeks. Enough has been said to show that the constant perils to
which the people are exposed— the hatred among nationalities, the restless
turning to Am erica, the dangers of travel, etc., all combine to produce an
environment far from conducive to spirituality and to engaging the pupils’
attention in religious matters. To excited brains and diseased imaginations
the wholesome food of the gospel seems flat and stale. To men absorbed
in striving for an earthly kingdom the kingdom of heaven seems just such
52 European Turkey Mission [Report
an intangible dream as it seemed to the Pharisees o f old. But reaction will
come, and the heart hunger w ill reassert itself some day, though just now
the station is passing through a barren and discouraging period. Another
difficulty is the increase in the cost o f living, which makes higher salaries
a necessity for the workers, while it diminishes the ability of the churches
to give. The station also has to contend against the difficulty o f finding
sufficient preachers and teachers to supply established communities, let alone
expanding. But there is enough in the surroundings to relieve the gloom
of the picture.
p h i l i p p o p o l i s ( i n Bu l g a r i a )
Statistics.— Ordained preachers, 10; total native laborers, 24; organized
churches, 8; communicants, 467; added by confession, 21; average congre
gations, 1,206; adherents, 1,436; Sunday schools, 22, with 1,050 members;
native contributions, 635 liras.
Evangelistic.— A good deal o f time is given to touring. M any of these
tours are short. Dr. Marsh gave 166 days to tours; Mr. Haskell, 91. These
tours included a monthly supply o f the Sofia church while its pastor was
absent collecting funds for repairs.
W oman’s w ork has been marked by progress. Mrs. Haskell and Mrs.
M arsh have given 39 days to touring. The most encouraging work has
been that among the young people. The Sunday schools have increased
in number at the rate o f one or two a year for the last eleven years, until
now there are 22 in number, with an attendance of over 1,000. One hun
dred and twenty-five Bulgarian children in the primary Sunday school
classes have joined the Society of Bible Lovers, an auxiliary to the Am erican
Bible Society. The 4 Christian Endeavor Societies organized this year
bring up the number of societies in the field to n ; and though the young
people do not yet fully come up to the ideal o f Christian Endeavorers, they
are certainly facing that way.
Under the leadership o f the resident missionary and with the help of
friends in Am erica the outgrown church building at Philippopolis has been
replaced by the present spacious and substantial edifice.
Outstations.— The work in Tserovo, a restless and dissatisfied field a year
ago. seems now to have changed for the better. Notwithstanding the
removal o f six or eight families from Abdulari the congregations often
crowd the little church, running from 130 to 140 on Sundays. In Tartar-
B azarjik the congregations have increased. Fourteen members o f the
Philippopolis church live in the east side o f the city at Stanimak, formerly
a wholly Greek city. Last spring they rejoiced in finding a promising young
preacher, and with the- help o f the Bulgarian Evangelical Society engaged
him as their pastor for a year. The congregation has considerably increased.
Ahmatovo, with its 29 communicants and 80 hearers, housed most satisfac
torily, has developed mainly from within the community, with the aid o f a
colporter and a Bible worker. One of the oldest outstations is M erichleri
(1889). The congregation remains about 130. Eight additions are to be
reported. Haskovo has reluctantly parted with its pastor, but after inde
i9°7] Western, Turkey Mission S3
fatigable efforts has secured another. Yamboul has long been a weariness
of the flesh. The proverbial party spirit o f Bulgarian politics is character
istic o f the church. It has been a valley of humiliation to preachers.
It is evident that the evangelical churches are not yet able to carry on
to completion the work of evangelization without foreign aid. There is
still need of pressing the work of Christ through the missionaries. Nor
are the spiritual needs o f the country yet met by the national church, whose
leaders would see immense peril to their own standing and means o f support
in any general movement by the people toward the religion taught by Jesus
Christ; consequently with this spiritual inertia o f the national church and
the weakness of the evangelical churches the duty of the mission and its
supporters is very clear, and the call imperative. But even greater than
the need of men and money is the need of a visitation, as one o f the mis
sionaries writes, o f “ God’s Spirit, that shall put new life into every child
of God.”
WESTERN TURKEY MISSION
Literary Department for the Three Missions in Asiatic TurKey
C o n s t a n t i n o p l e . — George F. Herrick, d.d., Henry S. Barnum, d.d., Herbert M,
Allen, Ordained; Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, Mrs. Helen P. Barnum, Mrs. Ellen R. Allen,
General Missionary WorK
S m y r n a (1820).— James P. McNaughton, Alexander MacLachlan, Charles K,
Tracy, Ordained; M r s . Rebecca G. McNaughton, M r s . Rose H. MacLachlan, Mrs,
May S. Tracy, Miss Ilse C. Pohl, Miss Minnie B. Mills, Miss Jeannie L. Jillson.
C o n s t a n t i n o p l e (1831).— Joseph K. Greene, d.d., Charles T. Riggs, Ordained;
Thomas S. Carrington, m .d., Physician; W illiam W. Peet, Treasurer and Business
Agent; Mrs. Mathilde M. Greene, Mrs. M ary R. Riggs, Mrs. Phebe W . Carrington,
Mrs. M artha H. Peet, Miss Anna B. Jones, Mrs. Etta D. Marden, Miss Annie M,
Barker.
Residing at Brousa.— Theodore A. Baldwin, Ordained; Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, Miss H arriet G. Powers, Miss Annie T. Allen.
Residing at Bardezag.— Robert Chambers, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth L,
Chambers.
Residing at Adabasar.— M iss Laura Farnham, Miss M ary E. Kinney, Miss Madeline
Gile.
Teachers in the American College for Girls.— Miss M ary M. Patrick, p h .d ., Miss
Isabella F. Dodd, M iss Ida W . Prime, Miss Gwen Griffiths.
T r e b i z o n d (1835).— Lyndon S. Crawford, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Olive T. Crawford,
Sivas (18 51).— Henry T . Perry, Ordained; Charles E. Clark, m .d., Physician; Mrs,
Mary H. Perry, Mrs. Ina V. Clark, Miss M ary L. Graffam, Miss Nina E. Rice, Miss
Lillian F. Cole.
M a r s o v a n (1852).— Charles C. Tracy, d.d., Edward Riggs, d.d., George E. W hite,
Theodore A. Elmer, Ordained; Alden R. Hoover, m .d., Physician; Dana K . Getchell,
Teacher; Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, M r s . Esther B. W hite, Mrs. Hen
rietta M. Elmer, Mrs. Esther F. Hoover, Mrs. Susan R. Getchell, Mrs. Sarah S. Smith,
Miss Charlotte R. W illard, Miss Claribel Platt.
C e s a r e a (1854).— James L. Fowle, W illiam S. Dodd, m .d., Henry K. Wingate,
Herbert M. Irwin, Ordained; W ilfred M. Post, m .d., Physician; Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle,
Mrs. M ary L. Dodd, Mrs. Jane C. W ingate, Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin, Mrs. Annie S,
Post, Miss Fanny E. Burrage, Miss Stella N. Loughridge, Miss Susan W . Orvis.
5 4 Western Turkey Mission [Report
In this country.— Ernest C. Partridge, Ordained; Samuel L. Caldwell, Teacher;
Mrs. W inona G. Partridge, Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell, M iss Em ily McCallum, Miss Ade
laide S. Dwight, Miss M ary I. W ard, M iss Charlotte P. Halsey.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mrs. George Constantine,
Mr. Fairchild, Dr. Jesse K . Marden, Miss Sophia Newnham, Miss M yra Barnes, Miss
Julia B. Paton, Mr. and Mrs. C. W . Lawrence, Miss Andrews.
S ix central stations; 97 outstations ; 21 ordained men, one of them a physician; 4 physicians ; 2 teachers ; 1 treasurer and business agent ; 28 wives ; 29 single women ;
40 native pastors ; 35 other native preachers ; 305 native teachers ; 20 Bible-women ;
24 other native helpers; 122 places for stated preaching: average congregations, 14,460;
44 churches, 13 entirely self-supporting: 4,816 members, 247 received on confession
this year; 1x8 Sunday schools: 11,830 pupils; 1 theological sem inary; 2 colleges for
young m en: 307 students; 1 college for young women: 46 students; 17 boarding and
high schools: 1,857 students, 811 o f them girls; 132 other schools: 5,995 pupils; total
under instruction, 8,347; 4 hospitals: 869 inpatients; 6 dispensaries: 18,402 treat
m ents; native contributions for Christian work, $18,728.02; for education, $57,295.92;
total, $76,023.94.
The only appointment to be reported this year is that o f Miss Madeline
Gile, to join the force at Adabazar. Dr. and Mrs. Dodd and Miss Kinney
have returned to the field after their furloughs. Miss Cole has been trans
ferred from Cesarea to Sivas, where she will aid in the hospital work.
For reasons o f health Miss Dwight is obliged to remain another year in this
country.
Mr. and Mrs. Partridge, Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, Miss Halsey, Miss
Loughridge, and Miss Pohl will spend the coming year on furlough.
LANDM ARKS IN TH E YEARNS HISTORY
There is great rejoicing in all the mission over the fact that at length,
after five years of strenuous striving on the part of our government, the
ambassador at Constantinople, and the missionaries, the Turkish govern
ment has granted all the privileges to Am erican citizens and institutions
which are accorded to those of other Powers. This concession brings
immense relief and encouragement to the missionaries, and adds a trium
phant note to the report here presented. It means that buildings long desired
and absolutely necessary for the proper prosecution of the work can now
be erected; it brings freedom to the missionaries from the petty annoyances
o f local officials; it includes the saving o f a goodly sum in the w ay of tax
ation; and it makes possible the pressing forw ard o f the work with new
zest on the part o f all.
The formal notification to the mission of the granting o f this concession
by the Turkish government was contained in a note from Ambassador Leish-
man, in which he quoted the official language o f the Porte as follows:
“ The Sublime Porte has already, by Imperial order, communicated to the
Embassy the decision previously reached of treating Am erican establishments
and institutions in Turkey on the same footing as those o f other nations.
In applying this principle the Sublime Porte has proceeded to the cor
rection of the registers o f such establishments and institutions form ing part
o f the list filed by the Embassy which were in the possession of and occupied
i9°7] Western Turkey Mission 55
by Americans holding regular title deeds. A n Irade of H is Imperial M ajesty,
¡the Sultan, has just ordered the execution of this form ality so far as con
cerns the establishments and institutions of which the Embassy had asked
the change of titles and which were submitted to the Sovereign Sanction
after examination by the competent departments.”
The visit o f Drs. Hitchcock and Creegan— District Secretaries o f the
Board at Chicago and New Y o rk — to the various stations o f the mission
has been a source o f great joy and encouragement to the workers. From
the missionaries’ point of view their stay in all places has been far too
brief for anything more than a fleeting glimpse of the work and the consid
eration of but a few of the most difficult problems. But as one missionary
says, “ Their presence brought us very close to the great heart-throb of the
noble constituency in Am erica that supports the Board in its tremendous
responsibilities.”
PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES
The general tone of the reports presented at the annual meeting this year
is one of hopefulness. W hile they show new problems continually arising,
often new methods are found to deal with them, and there is great encour
agement along some lines o f the work.
The one ever present problem is how to accomplish all that needs to be
done with the small force of workers and the means at command. Y e t this
year M arsovan says, “ N ever has our station been so completely manned,
and hardly could we hope for a better average of physical vigor and of
ability to be steadily occupied in the work assigned to each.”
The study of economics is well to the front in Turkey, as it is in this
country, for almost every station reports living expenses as much increased
the past year. One school says the price of food and fuel has been so high
that a heavy debt has been incurred; another school considered increasing
the price of board and tuition, though fearing that it would cut off the most
desirable pupils.
Emigration has come to be one of the great problems to be dealt with.
Mr. Craw ford reports that more than a hundred have passed through Trebi-
zond from the interior towns during the past year, and the fever has now
struck the mountain Greeks. He says: "Form erly their talk was all of the
heavenly country. Now there has entered into their hearts the thought that
•even in this life there is a future for them. They will be better citizens than
many, and it may well pay the people of Am erica to help support our schools
which are thus fitting young men for truer manhood and better citizenship.”
Smyrna station speaks o f a revival o f the national spirit, which has fos-
\ered so much o f a spirit o f sentiment and loyalty to the national church as
to make it now a courageous thing on the part of any one to become a
Protestant and to live a Protestant life.
In Sivas the advance toward self-support is steady and is a gratifying
proof o f the power o f the gospel. In the short space of six years the gifts
•of the native people here for Christian work of all kinds have increased from
'$505 to $2,377, a remarkable showing.
Western Turkey Mission [Report
Cesarea station says, “ The social settlement idea, independent o f the
Protestant church organization, offers a greater opportunity to influence and
help all classes than any other agency in sight.”
Mr. Allen has spent the past year visiting the stations of the missions
in Turkey, studying the conditions at each place; and the main discussion
at the annual meeting was based upon a paper prepared by him on the
following topics: Relation of the mission to the national churches of the
land; the improvement o f the educational institutions of the mission; rela
tion of the mission to the native evangelical churches. One session was
devoted wholly to the reading of papers on topics connected with the Sunday
schools, followed by a discussion of the same. This latter was so profitable
that a similar session will be held next year.
TH E SCHOOLS
Beside the work done in the kindergarten and elementary schools con
nected with Cesarea station, a good year is reported in the girls’ boarding
school, though many have to be turned away for want of room. This is
the only boarding school for girls in this, the largest district of the mission;
and it is hoped that the enlargement so greatly needed may soon be provided.
The grade o f w ork is steadily rising. There are 41 schools connected with
this station, 16 o f them for girls, having 500 pupils.
The boys’ boarding school has experienced unusual difficulties because
o f the attempt o f the government to deprive the school o f its property and
the attendant threatening attitude of the populace; and all work on the new
building was stopped. But the firm attitude of the United States minister
saved the day, and now the action taken by the Turkish government will
enable the school to proceed with its building. One o f the greatest difficul
ties o f the school lies in the teacher problem, lack o f funds making it almost
impossible to secure high grade teachers who w ill remain permanently.
Y ear by year better work is being done in the school, and the morals of the
boys have never been better than during the past year. They show a growing
self-control and manliness— a most encouraging fact.
Most o f the outstation schools o f Constantinople are going on as usual.
A t Gedik Pasha there has been no interference with the attendance of the
Turkish children since last September, and a large number have come regu
larly through the year. Through special efforts one school drew in many
Gregorians, but persistent opposition drew most o f them aw ay after a time.
This cannot last long, as our schools are unquestionably better than the
national schools.
In the Brousa district the boys’ school has an able teacher, and a good
attendance is reported. The girls’ school reports a better spirit than last
year. The society o f self-government, started last year in cooperation with
the teachers, has done good work.
In the Nicomedia field the Bithynia H igh School, which erected large
buildings some years ago with a misgiving as to whether they would ever
be filled, now finds them packed and crowded, and a new building is planned
19°7] Western Turkey Mission 57
for. The beautiful new hall given to the school by the alumni at the last
commencement is serving a splendid purpose.
There have been unprecedented numbers in the girls' boarding school
and in Anatolia College at Marsovan this year. The most noticeable gain
in the girls’ school has been in the quality of work done in the senior year,
and in the embroidery and fine needlework classes. This school is much in
need of a new building.
The college reports a harmonious and happy faculty, which is a very
encouraging sign. There is no friction between the native and foreign
workers. In the twenty years of its existence nearly ten per cent of the
graduates have become ministers of the gospel, and about thirty-three per
cent have become teachers. The college enjoys a large degree of popularity.
This is due in no small degree to the very strict moral standard and discipline
required. The missionaries have been repeatedly told that this constitutes
a prime reason for a decision in favor of this college in cases where parents
are looking about to decide where their sons should be educated. In 1887
the students paid $3,000 in fees; in 1907 the amount is $13,000. The former
students o f the institution have already raised 500 liras toward a library-
museum for the college. The Young Men’s Christian Association is quite
strong in the college.
Sivas reports the number of pupils at the outstations as increasing year
by year. One school has been closed because of opposition by the govern
ment, but the people are very anxious that it be reopened. A t another place
there is a call for an additional girls’ school, and both Catholics and Greeks
are w illing to cooperate in the same. The Sivas city schools must have more
accommodations before any new students can be received. The girls’ school
has not been able to make such repairs and improvements as might make it
attractive to girls from well-to-do families. The spirit of teachers and
students is encouraging; much interest was manifested on the day o f prayer
for colleges, and it is being continued through voluntary prayer meetings
and work for the poor. Kindergarten work is very successful and growing
to such an extent that a trained American kindergarten teacher is asked for
to undertake the preparation of teachers.
There is a constantly increasing interest in the education of boys, and
the normal school is very successful, with a larger increase in attendance
each year. Thirty students from this field are now in Anatolia College and
several in Euphrates College. The report says: “ Our experience is that our
own graduates are more interested in work in our own field, and are willing
to continue work longer and therefore do more successful work and minister
more widely to educational evangelism.” The great need of the school is
for new buildings and equipment.
A large industrial work is carried on at Sivas, where poor boys have a
chance to work for their education. This department needs a moderate
endowment to put it on a more permanent basis. The orphanage work still
continues. Each child is taught some industrial art, and those who show
themselves capable are allowed the last two years of study in the high
schools.
58 Western Turkey Mission [Report
The general work in the G irls’ Institute at Smyrna has been unusually
successful this year, and the pupils, both older and younger, have done much
philanthropic work for others. A new building is needed properly to house
this school. A fte r full consideration of the question whether it were best to
remove the kindergarten training department of the Institute from Smyrna
to Adabazar, the former has been decided upon as the best place in which
to carry on this work.
The report o f the International College says: “ Overcrowded and over
worked express two phases of the year’s experience. Three hundred and
thirty-two students have been in attendance. Much religious work among
the students has been carried on by two organizations, the Young Men’s
Christian Association and the W hite Cross League. Though there has been
no extended spiritual revival among the students, the moral tone has been
good and a high standard of discipline has been maintained. The increase
in the number o f Moslem students has been an interesting feature o f the
year’s work, though the government has taken active measures to prevent
this patronage, and some have been withdrawn in consequence.
Trebizond station feels that there are great educational possibilities there
and is crying for a high school for boys; and the report says that “ the
arguments which can be brought up for the sake of the boys of Trebizond
are intensely emphasized when we remember how near we are to Russia, and
a good boarding school would have a dozen applicants from Russia at the
very beginning.”
THEOLOGICAL SEM INARY
M arsovan for the first time in its history has had no theological class
this year, and Mr. W hite, in charge of this department, has been spending
some time in England, preparing himself more thoroughly for his future
work. This exceptional intermission follows the adoption by the mission
o f certain rules and principles intended to stimulate applicants to a higher
standard of scholarship and to independence in self-support. But the absence
o f a class is due largely to other causes. The current toward the United
States has carried off several who might very properly have entered the
seminary, personal circumstances have presented obstacles in some cases,
and other lines o f work offer strong inducements to bright and promising
young men; for there is little realizing appreciation of the need for well-
trained preachers of the gospel. It is hoped that good material w ill be in
hand for a class next year.
PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT
A fter serving more than twenty-two years as editor of the Avedapcr,
Dr. H errick passes this work over to his successor, Mr. Allen. Dr. Herrick
lays this work aside with regret, but with the feeling that the time has fully
come when the interests of the paper call for the work of a younger and
more vigorous man. He still remains in the field to give valuable counsel
in all this work.
19 °7l Western Turkey Mission 59
A catechism in Turkish and in Armenian is soon to be put upon the market,
and a new and fully illustrated Armenian First Reader will be presently
ready for use. Besides much other work issued this year the press will
soon print a popular astronomy in Turkish and Armenian, finely illustrated.
The one crying need of this department is for a larger income to meet
the loud call made by all races for good moral books. This need no other
publishers in the country can at all supply. More than twenty million people
constitute the field of work in this department. It has an open door for the
Moslem races in giving them in their own tongue the best things in the
English language. They welcome our books on scientific, educational, and
moral themes. They are not flooded with reading matter, and often read
again and again a book which awakens their interest. Again, there are
30,000 scholars waiting for books suitable for a Sunday school library.
Sivas station says that one of the most imperative needs of that field is a
more regular and systematic supply o f good literature.
TH E CHURCHES
Steady pastoral work, under normal conditions, is being done at a goodly
number of the outstations of the Cesarea field, but there is a long list of
vacancies in the pastorates of some of the churches, caused partly by the
lack of suitable preachers and partly because the appropriations are too
small. One man will sometimes serve several places, though this is a mere
makeshift. But the spirit o f independence is strong within these churches,
and many are unwilling to accept aid if it is possible to get along without it.
From Cesarea as a center a movement called the New L ife has been
going out into the outstations, which has not tended toward ujiity and peace,
and has been anything but helpful to the work. But some little change has
come about in this belief since a year ago, and if the signs of the times are
read correctly this movement seems to have about lost its power to extend
itself.
The report from Constantinople says: “ Judging from the attendance on
the varied services, from the love of the people for the truth as it is in
Christ, and from their willingness to labor and make sacrifices for the same,
we can truthfully say that the past year has witnessed no loss; on the con
trary, has witnessed some gain.”
The new church building in Pera, which received a firman to build after
waiting long years, will soon be dedicated. Different members have donated
seats, pulpit, memorial windows, bell, etc., to furnish and beautify this, their
first church home. The total cost of the church and parsonage will be more
than $20,000; but two such structures could hardly be erected in Am erica
for less than three times this amount, owing to the difference in the cost of
labor.
A t the Bible house chapel in Constantinople services have been well
attended, and a meeting for prayer, with an average of twenty persons
present, has followed each service. This chapel, in its central location, is
the one place in Stamboul where native Protestants can hold general public
6o Western Turkey Mission [Report
meetings. The Evangelical Greek Church at the capital, in spite of bitter
opposition, has maintained its position and faithfully witnessed for Christ.
It is known that great discontent prevails among the lower order of the clergy
and among many of the people because of the moral and spiritual decay of
the Greek church. Such discontent opens a wide door for the preaching
of the gospel. The labors of Mr. Koundrajian, the city missionary, have been
greatly appreciated by individuals and families who have come to the capital
from the provinces for work, by the poor, and especially by the sick who
have been brought from the interior to the hospitals for treatment.
A t Brousa a new pastor, a graduate of the Marsovan Seminary last year,
has begun his labors. He is an interesting preacher, with “ a directness of
appeal and personal application in his sermons which, with God’s blessing,
must in time yield abundant fruit.”
In the Nicomedia field the report says, “ The evangelistic work is pretty
much all sunshine.” The church at Adabazar has cleared off its debt through
a special g ift from a lady in America.
The church at Marsovan is prospering under the labors of a new
pastor. The Home M issionary Society connected with the church has a
larger income than ever, and besides helping several small communities sup
ports a preacher in some of the outstations.
Tw o churches in the mountain district have new buildings for worship.
One o f these is built low on an exposed hilltop, and has its rough shingles
kept in place by rows of large stones to keep it from blowing away. But it
serves its purpose and represents a large aggregate of self-denying labor on
the part o f the tax-burdened people. A t two other outstations the people are
making heroic efforts to build new churches. Samsoun, though without a
pastor, has experienced a real revival the past year. In the community there
seems to be a true desire to hear the gospel preached, and it is hoped that a
lasting and valuable growth and stimulus have been given to that church. At
Zile also a good work has been going on which may usher in a new day for
this little community, whose growth thus far has been decidedly slow.
Sivas says: “ In spite of the fact that in some places our hopes and
expectations have been sadly disappointed, we report what seems to be a year
of advance.” The people have crowded the little chapel in the city, five or
six hundred sitting on the floor each Sabbath, and there has been a spirit of
unity which the missionaries have not always been able to report. A preacher
at one outstation has been particularly successful in breaking down prejudice
by “ catching,” as he expresses it, the drunkards. A s many as twenty-nine
have signed the pledge.
Smyrna station is greatly blessed in its pastors," men of thorough educa
tion, culture, and spiritual life, self-sacrificing and energetic, w aging a war
fare against tremendous odds. Both Greek and Armenian congregations are
progressing in spiritual attainments. Here the work is largely among the
middle class, and often these people suffer financial loss because they refuse
to conform their lives to Smyrna standards. W hat the evangelical church
needs is not so much financial strength, although that is necessary, but larger
i9°7] Western Turkey Mission
spiritual equipment, developing into self-denial and a passion for the salvation
of others. Young men’s societies are vigorous and active. The society of
the Armenian congregation has just made a donation of seventy-five Bibles to the hospital.
W ork in the outstations is hopeful and discouraging by turns. In some
places it is the interference o f the government with regular preaching, in
others the lack o f pastors, and in many the lack of funds, that makes for
discouragement. W here the churches have good pastors and are not inter
fered with, although there is always more or less poverty, these overburdened
people rise to the support of their churches with wonderful enthusiasm and
success. The people of Manisa did not allow the failure of the raisin crop,
involving them in serious loss, to diminish their contributions to the work of
God in that great city. A t one outstation the young pastor has gone about
his work in a very outspoken way, with the result that his most violent oppo
nent has not only acknowledged the errors of the Orthodox Church, but has
himself begun preaching to large congregations the sermons he receives from
the Protestant preacher under cover of night. A t still another place the open,
courageous attitude of the preacher has won the esteem and respect of the
best elements o f the Armenian community.
In the Trebizond field all of the churches report a good year. For three
years, however, the bookseller has not been allowed to peddle on the streets
or to go out into the villages. Mr. Craw ford says: “ W e cannot always follow
the work of these booksellers, but when a crowd of Greeks from a secluded
town, on their way to work in the mines of the Caucasus, drop in at our
services and tell us they had seen our bookseller in their village, had bought
books of him, and had heard of our work through him, then do we begin
to realize the importance and the value of these pioneer workers.”
One of the laborers at Trebizond has been called over to Russia to teach
and preach to Greek emigrants in the region of Sochoun. The report says,
“ W e like to think of this as our first outstation in Russia, and that it will
reach out and influence a large number of Greeks in that region.”
SUNDAY SCHOOLS
The Sunday schools are continuing the good work of drawing to their
classes children that in some cases are not reached in any other way. This
work in some of the stations takes on large proportions. In Sivas, for
instance, it is one of the most encouraging features, the entire attendance
averaging 1,300 each week. The m ajority of these are children, but there
is an enthusiastic class of brides and older women; also one large class o f
men who are taught in the Turkish, and two large classes of young men.
A plan has been introduced for voluntary gifts from the younger children,
to develop a spirit of benevolence. The “ nerve center” of this Sunday
school work is found in the teachers’ meeting, held regularly Thursday
afternoons. This is so much valued as a preparation for the lesson that no
one thinks o f absenting himself except in case of necessity. The teachers
accept this work of teaching as a religious opportunity.
02 Western Turkey Mission [Report
HOSPITALS
The hospital work at Sivas is steadily increasing, and the past year the
receipts from patients have covered the running expenses of the medical
work. This station has introduced a plan of district nursing. A native
woman, with her hospital experience, will go to the homes of the sick poor
and aid them by nursing, and, if necessary, care for the children, cooking
their meals, etc.
Medical work at Cesarea has been rendered more difficult by the absence
this year o f Dr. Dodd, the physician in charge, though much excellent work
has been done under the care of Dr. Post. But even in this most altruistic
form of labor there are trials one would hardly think of. In Dr. Dodd’s
absence some o f the native physicians took occasion to spread the report
that he was dead, and that the hospital was receiving no patients; other
physicians offered lower fe e s ; another represented himself as an attendant
of the hospital and led the patients away altogether. But sooner or later
these false accusers are discovered, and the hospital is becoming more and
more grounded in the confidence of the people. The evangelistic work in
the hospital is made very prominent, and every worker is made to feel that
his or her part is essential to the effectual presentation of Christ to all who
come for treatment. Each patient, on leaving, is presented with a Testament
written in the language he speaks.
Marsovan hospital has greatly rejoiced in the coming of Dr. and Mrs.
Hoover. Their first year has been mainly given to the study of the language,
but Dr. H oover will soon be able to carry a large share of the medical work.
Dr. Marden has remained with the hospital the past year, bearing the chief
responsibilities.
Extensive improvements and additions to the buildings were made last
year, but even with the $1,000 and more thus spent the hospital was able to
close the year without a debt. A n effort has been made by popular lectures
to teach the people the importance of hygienic living and the proper care of
the sick. The religious work among the patients has been carried on as usual.
The Scriptures have been diligently read even by the Moslem patients. The
future o f this work is full of promise.
SIDE LIGHTS
The following items, one from each station, show the various lines of
work, directly or indirectly connected with the regular forms of labor, upon
which the missionary has his hand. The annual reports from the missions
each year contain many such items which cannot be reported for want of
space, but which enter into the make-up of the whole great successful work
on the foreign field.
Cesarea says: “ W e have something new to report this year, a B oys’ Club.
N oting the great number of boys and men wandering about the streets with
nothing apparently but evil to absorb their thoughts and attention, it was felt
that something ought to be done to help them to higher and better things.
W ith this in view Sunday evening song services were begun, and in addition
i9°7] Central Turkey Mission 63
to hymns sung a story was told. A fter a time a Sunday school was con
nected with the club, and both have been successful, though there has been
much opposition of the priests and Armenian school authorities, who even
punished the boys for attending. Recently athletics have been introduced,
and a greater hold has been gained over the boys. A great improvement in
their demeanor is noticed. The idea is discouraged that we are trying to
make Protestants of them, but want to help them to become clean, decent,
self-respecting Christian men. The work gives such good promise for the
future, that funds are desired with which to rent a building and furnish some
equipment.”
Smyrna has a workers’ Tuesday afternoon prayer meeting, conducted in
English, that has been of great spiritual help to those who have accepted the
privilege of turning aside for this quiet hour of meditation and prayer. It is
the only occasion in the week when members of the different Protestant
missions laboring in Smyrna meet together.
A business man returning to Trebizond tells of finding, away out at
Askabad, in Transcaucasia, a former Bible house employee who is now a
merchant there, and who holds Sunday services in his home. He reports
seeing a number of Russian soldiers at these services.
A t Marsovan the Sunday school and Christian Endeavor contributions,
together with special gifts at Thanksgiving time, amounting to sixty-six
dollars, have been given to the famine sufferers in China. This sum is
more than twice the cost of board and tuition in the school for one year.
A t Sivas it has been the practice for some of the boys of the normal
school to visit all the inns of the city each Sunday morning to invite the
stranger to church, and to aid him in any way possible, even to giving him,
when necessary, a little money. They have also visited the prison regularly,
as well as the Gregorian hospital.
A n English friend in Constantinople, who has a large farm near the
Dardanelles, some months ago twice attended the services there and was
impressed by the considerable numbers and the serious attention of the non-
Protestants present and by the inadequacy and unsuitableness of the chapel.
Invited by the preacher, this Englishman and a merchant of the town became
members of a committee to raise $1,500 toward a new chapel, and have
already received over $500. These English gentlemen are convinced that
there is a wide and hopeful door in the Dardanelles. The leadership in this
matter of resident English merchants is unique in the history of the mission.
CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION
A i n t a b (1852).— John E. Merrill, p h .d ., Teacher; Stephen vR. Trowbridge, Or
dained; Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill, Mrs. Blanche H. Trowbridge, Mrs. Margaret R. Trow
bridge, Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge, Miss Isabella M. Blake, Miss Harriet C. Norton,
Miss Alice C. Bewer.O o r f a (1854).— Miss Corinna Shattuck.
64 Central Turkey Mission [Report
M a r a s h (1854).— Lucius 0 . Lee, d .d., Frederick W. Macallum, Ordained; Mrs. Eula B. Lee, Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum, Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Miss Annie E.
Gordon, M iss Cora M. Welpton.
H a d j i n (1872).— Miss Olive M. Vaughan, Miss Virginia A. Billings.
A d a n a (1852).— W illiam N. Chambers, Ordained; Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers,
M iss Elizabeth S. Webb, Miss Mary G. Webb, Miss Lucy H. Morley.
T a r s u s (1859).— Thomas D. Christie, d .d., Ordained; Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie.
• Residing at Kessab.— Miss Effie M. Chambers.
In this country.— Miss Lucile Foreman, Miss Meda Hess.
On the way out.— Fred F. Goodsell, Ordained; Mrs. Lulu K. S. Goodsell.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Dr. and Mrs. F. D. Shepard,
Miss Caroline F. Hamilton, m .d., Miss Elizabeth Brewer, Miss H. E. W allis, Miss
Elizabeth Hawley, m .d., Miss Martha Frearson, Miss Marshall, Miss Salmond.
Six stations; 51 outstations; 6 ordained m en ; 1 teach er; 6 w iv e s; r6 single
w om en; 24 native pastors; 28 other native preachers; 244 native teachers; 27 Bible-
wom en; 2 other native helpers; 65 places for stated preaching; average congregations,
13,8x8; 78 Sunday schools: 13,234 pupils; 34 churches, 13 of them entirely self-
supporting : 6,697 members, 225 added on confession this y e a r ; 1 theological sem inary:
12 students; 17 boarding and high schools: 924 pupils, 319 of them girls; 134 common
schools, 65 of them entirely self-supporting: 5,936 pupils, 2,927 of them g ir ls ; native
contributions for Christian work, $10,169; for education, $14,338; total, $24,507. No
complete list of statistics for the year having been received, those of last year are
repeated.
Since the last report was written the mission has met with a profound
loss in the death, by accident, of Rev. Charles S. Sanders. On October 25,
1906, Mr. Sanders was thrown from his horse and never recovered con
sciousness after his fall, dying within a short time. Beautiful tributes have
come from the missionaries and from the native people regarding Mr.
Sanders’s life and work.
Dr. Christie has spent a few months in the United States this year in
the interests of the Institute at Tarsus. Rev. and Mrs. Fred F. Goodsell
have received appointment to this mission, and their coming will prove a
great reenforcement to the laborers on the'field. Miss A lice C. Bewer has
been appointed an assistant missionary, to aid in the work of the hospital
at Aintab.
The brief visit o f Drs. Creegan and Hitchcock to the field o f this mission
brought joy to the hearts o f all. The mission would rejoice in the coming
o f a deputation which should be able to visit each station and make a
thorough study o f all forms of the work.
The concessions granted by the Turkish government, which we mention
more fully in the report o f the W estern Turkey Mission, bring relief and
gladness to this mission also.
The reports presented this year from Central Turkey show a general
progress in all departments of the work that is encouraging, notwithstand
ing the many trying circumstances that often beset it in various places.
The annual letter from the mission says: “ In many aspects of the work
the mission walks not alone by faith, for it sees the establishment o f the
work of its hands in such ways as to inspire enthusiasm and cause the
hearts of all to be filled with gratitude to the Master for the fulfillment of
I9°7] Central Turkey Mission 65
the promise of his presence. The work is far past the experiment stage,
and we seek no longer for open doors and opportunity, for the land is open
before us for possession.”
GEN ERAL A N D E V A N G E L IST IC W ORK
Aintab station has felt the loss of Mr. Sanders peculiarly through all
the year. The report says: “ The degree of success with which most of
the churches have gone on through the year is a remarkable commentary
on the essential methods for cultivating self-reliance which Mr. Sanders
has employed during the last quarter of a century.” One of the last things
Mr. Sanders did was to prepare a tabular view of the aided churches, which
shows that usually hopefulness for self-support is coordinate with the size
of the congregation, and the ability of congregations below 100 in number
to support a preacher is problematical. There are two general lines of
policy regarding these churches. One is the regular diminution year by
year of the aid which they receive. The other, which may go on at the
same time, is to work to make each church a vital, spiritual, evangelistic
center. The latter is the great work before this station and the one which
needs to be done. When each church becomes such an evangelizing force,
then the work will move forward much more rapidly and the question of
self-support will take care of itself.
A ll but one o f the outstations have been visited during the year. The
opportunities afforded by some of these trips were used to learn about the
interest among Moslems, or to get into touch with them. There has been
the usual amount of trouble in connection with the government. In some
places the demand for taxes has been very insistent; in others it has not
been possible to secure a separation of the Protestant tax list from the
Gregorian. A ll over the country the Gregorians are attempting to ignore
the existence of the Protestant community. A t one point there has been
much persecution drawn out by aggressive religious work and the consequent
revival interest. Gregorians are now forbidden to attend the Protestant
services. A t Kessab there has been serious trouble between the two com
munities, which finally involved Miss Chambers. But prompt action was
taken by the authorities, and as Kessab is to be made a government center
in the future this promises to relieve the situation more permanently. On
the bright side, however, relations with the Gregorians are pleasant at
several outstations, and in two places the missionaries have been invited
recently to hold services in the Gregorian churches.
O orfa Syrian Church reports the first revival in its history, and six
houses have come over to the Protestants. A general revival interest was
awakened at Garmouch, only to be stopped by the Gregorian clergy. In
Aintab there were special meetings, beginning with the W eek of Prayer, and
Protestants and Gregorians worked together. Plans for special evangel
istic work for the coming year have been arranged, and small group con
ferences for pastors who are located near each other.
Financial matters in some of the churches are very encouraging. A t
66 Central Turkey Mission [Report
a place where only five families in the church are comfortably situated the
church raised for all purposes last year n .4 0 . One church has contributed
so much during- the year that it feared to read the report all on one Sunday,
lest the large sum should attract the attention of the government. I f all
goes well, the O orfa Syrian Church hopes to become self-supporting in eight
years. The Second Church at Aintab has pledges for £T. 1,500, to be paid
in three years for its new building, which is planned to be the largest in
the Celicia Union. Many of the churches worship in dwelling houses too
small for the purpose, and many others need repairs to make them suitable
places of worship. Most of the churches have special societies connected
with them for religious study and philanthropic purposes.
A s a new plan it is proposed to treat three of the outstations as one
organization with a single pastor. A t Aleppo the influx of Turkish-speaking
people has greatly increased, and a colporter has been asked of the Bible
Society. One place reports five Jewish pupils in its schools and visitation
of Jewish homes. A t another point women have begun to take part in the
meetings. A t K illis a mixed choir, formed this year, adds to the attractive
ness o f the services. In Aintab the evangelical party includes about three
hundred men and women. Eighteen or nineteen meetings are maintained
each week in different districts of the city. Sunday audiences at the central
meetings are attended by crowds estimated at 1,500 or more.
Miss Chambers’s first year at Kessab has been a good one in spite of
many trying circumstances. The people welcomed her coming with great
cordiality and have aided her in many ways. The people here are not close-
bound by customs and are ready to learn and put into practice new things.
The Sunday school has about a thousand pupils. Miss Chambers makes
earnest request for another lady to join her in this promising work at
Kessab.
The great industrial work at O orfa, under Miss Shattuck’s care, has
played its usual large part in the life at that station. Over two thousand
arc employed in the handkerchief department. This work is carried on at
four other places beside Oorfa, and in all these it is aimed to use the oppor
tunity for money making as an opportunity for truth learning by appointing
earnest Christian teachers. The work never stops except for a week at
Christmas and another at Easter time.
The work of the Bible-women has continued as usual. A ll homes are
freely open to these women, and the pupils read from a "real desire,” and
not because “ others do so.” The change in the lives of entire families
since the w ife and mother began to read the Bible, as noted through a period
of years, is very cheering.
There are no striking events to report from the churches connected with
Marash station. The missionaries have visited seven outstations and the
native pastors three other places during the year. Zeitoon is prospering
under the first seminary graduate the place has ever enjoyed, and twelve
Gregorian families have come into the church during the year. Several
outstations have been without preachers for want of men to fill the places.
1907] Central Turkey Mission 67
Difficulties in the First Church at one time almost threatened disruption,
but they are now happily overcome.
The two literary clubs of the community continue. One is called the
Booklovers and is devoted to reports of the news, with articles of different
kinds. The other is the Educational Club and has existed five years. It
has 112 members, 60 of whom are college graduates. It aims to study
education historically, philosophically, and practically.
The station at Hadjin has suffered much from the withdrawal of Mr.
Martin. Mr. Trowbridge, who has spent some time there this year, strongly
urges the appointment of a new missionary— “ a man who will develop the
isolated village churches and will energize and control the academy and be
ready to carry the gospel by his life and preaching into the most remote and
unevangelized villages of the Taurus Ranges.” The permanent value of
this H adjin work is proved by the institutions already established.
E arly in March Mr. Trowbridge made a tour to several of the out-
stations. Conditions of poverty and taxation this past winter have been
most severe. The January blizzard did not close any of the churches, and
the preachers have been bravely resolute. One outstation especially has
given good promise this year, since fifteen children, about half of them
Moslem, have attended the school recently opened.
Miss Billings’s health has necessitated her being absent from the station
the greater part of the year, and during some of this time Miss Vaughan
was alone in the administration of both station affairs and of the school
work. In the autumn Mr. Irwin, of the W estern Turkey Mission, came to
H adjin for a while and rendered great aid.
In the First Church a spiritual harvest was near at hand, but could not
be reaped because of the commotion in the church regarding the choosing
of a pastor for the coming year. The Second Church has had a conscien
tious pastor, but has increased little either in numbers or in spiritual power.
D uring the winter Adana station suffered from one of the three severest
snowstorms of the past hundred years, and the resulting suffering was
great. Hundreds and thousands of cattle and sheep perished on the plains,
and great injury wras done to the vineyards and fruit orchards.
The pastor o f the church at Adana* has completed his sixteenth year of
service. The better side of the church is indicated by the fact that £T.$l
have been contributed for mission work outside of the limits of the church,
which is about half the amount of the entire appropriation for church work
made to Adana station by the Board.
The N ew L ife agitation has emphasized the question of Bible study,
and created a prayerful attitude on the part of some which it is hoped
may help to balance the evil effects of the extreme position taken by others.
A most successful experiment was tried by Mr. Chambers in taking
the pastor of the church and one of the leading men on a visit to the out-
stations, thus giving a new and clearer view of the condition, importance,
and power of the work in these outstations, and serving to develop a greater
interest on the part o f the churches in each other. This outstation work
68 Central Turkey Mission [Report
presents many things to encourage. The people at Mersine are trying hard
to pay off a debt, and as soon as that is done they will pay a large part of
the pastor’s salary. A t Sis the services are well attended, and the spirit of
the church is enthusiastic. The church at Kars has overcome opposition to
building, and the enthusiasm of the people has risen in such a w ay as
to provide the money needed for the chapel, and the erection of a parsonage
is under consideration; all this is a great step forward for Kars. A t Osma-
nieh the people have to go through a very bad section of the town to reach
the church— much like passing through a saloon— and a new site is earnestly
desired. A t Chokmerzemen large strides have been made during the year,
and the people are now paying fifty per cent of the preacher’s salary.
Beside this, they have given a substantial sum for the erection of the chapel
building, which was started some fifteen years ago, but stopped by govern
ment orders. Twenty-five years ago the beginning of gospel work here was
fiercely opposed, and some of the first converts were forced to flee the
village. N ow there is a good congregation, worshiping in a substantial
building, and evangelical Christianity has won for itself a good foothold
and is going forward. There are 800 or 1,000 Christian houses in this town,
and it is growing in importance. A t Hamodiej much has been done in house
visitation, giving opportunity for religious conversation. A ll the Christian
houses have been open to such visitation. One leading man, however, took
umbrage at something in the conduct of the work, and rented an oven and
began selling bread on the Sabbath. This caused a great scandal, and was
a shock to the entire organized work. But the man already regrets his step,
and his reform is looked for in the end.
In 1900 there were four places of worship in the eight outstations, but
now there are good places in each of the eight outstations. The visit of
Mr. Moschow, o f Smyrna, to Adana during the year, and the success attend
ing the meetings he held in the two weeks he was there, show that the time
is fast ripening for an aggressive work among the Greeks of the city.
The church at Tarsus, after some rather trying experiences during the
year, is now in a state o f harmony, manifesting an earnest spirit. Dr.
Christie has acted as chairman of the church committee in the absence of
the regular pastor. This church, in connection with the college, looks after
the work at Kozolook, and a new chapel is soon to be erected there by the
efforts o f the people.
E D U C A T IO N A L W O R K
Central Turkey College reports 166 students this year. About forty per
cent of these are more or less acquainted with some trade. Separate meet
ings for the preparatory department have been continued. The problem
of separating the smaller boys from the influence of the older students,
and of getting them to working for themselves, is only part of the larger
problem of the separation of the preparatory department from the college,
the need o f which is felt increasingly each year. Blanks have been sent
out to the schools which might be said to be an outgrowth of the college
i9°7'] Central Turkey Mission 69
work to ascertain the number o f boys who are doing preparatory work in
this part of the country. These schools are, in a sense, part of the prepar
atory department o f the college, and the total enrollment seems to be about
450 when all the classes are included.
There is a new problem before the college. The faculty have a list of
about fifty students from different places who wish to enter college, but who
say they must have aid. The rule has been that no aid is to be given to stu
dents the first year. Shall these boys be denied admission? Shall they be told
to go elsewhere to college?
Special religious meetings were held in February, and during the year
there were some individual meetings o f special interest, but it could not be
said that there was any revival, though there have been times of earnest
thought and instances where Christian duty has been seen in a new light.
The Volunteer Band connected with the college has begun a library of
religious books, which it expects both to maintain and to circulate among
the students. Both in this band and among the other students there has
been a special drawing of attention to evangelistic work among the non-
Christian races o f the country, and a number have begun to feel the claims
of this work.
Aintab Seminary for Girls makes its report after its first year in the
new building. Through the % untiring efforts of the late Mr. Sanders the
building was ready to enter November 6th. There have been 106 students,
with 35 boarders from the different towns and villages. Fourteen of the
students are daughters of former graduates of the seminary. There have
been five experienced and dependable native teachers who worked well
together. Despite the late opening of the school nearly all the usual work
has been completed. Beside the regular religious services in the school there
have been various meetings conducted by the girls themselves. The teachers’
weekly prayer meeting has been a help to all, and has had results in the life
of the school. The school is still in great need of more apparatus, and
owing to the increased cost of fuel and food supplies it is impossible to
run the school on the same sum furnished in previous years.
The most marked event of the year, aside from the occupation of the
new building, has been the organization of the girls into an Alumnae Asso
ciation. The association proposes to raise money to help the school and to
have literary and social meetings. The immediate object is to restore and
add to the library, the best part of which was burned. A member o f the
first class of 1863 was present at the first meeting of the association. It was
striking to see how riiany of these graduates are or have been teachers.
In digging for the foundations o f the new building an iron pot was
discovered containing about 1,000 silver coins, worth £T.i2o. These are
coins of the Knights of St. John from the seventeenth century and bear
the words, “ Confidens Domino non movetur.” The report says: “ When we
think o f all the vicissitudes through which the seminary has passed, these
words seem an especially fitting message to ns and might well be adopted as
the motto for the new school, ‘ He who trusteth in the Lord is not moved.’ ”
70 Central Turkey Mission [Report
School work in the outstations is being pressed forward as usual. A t one
point the success of the Protestant schools in handling children who cannot
be managed in the Gregorian and Catholic schools is a standing recommenda
tion. A t Kessab the boys’ high school is in its new building. The success of
the teachers, who are young men belonging to the village, has given the
Kessab boys a new worth in the eyes of the community. The preacher is
trying to get the people to introduce new trades. A t one place the influence
o f the school is strong to lead the boys toward Protestantism.
A t O orfa the whole number of pupils in the Armenian schools has been
390, and the year has been one of unusually earnest and successful work.
Perhaps never has there been more thorough and efficient work on the part
of both teachers and pupils. The special difficulty has been along pecuniary
lines. Tw o entertainments in the winter gave some aid in this direction.
Miss Shattuck says, “ This is the fifteenth year I have served as president of
the school board, and never yet allowed a debt.”
The Syrian Protestant schools have had 146 pupils. A semi-kindergarten
connected with these schools has been successful. The school for the blind,
while not under the Board, is the fruit of Board influences. Four girls leave
this school this year prepared to support themselves by teaching the arts of
mat weaving and chair seating to others equally unfortunate in their own
villages.
The academy at Marash has had 115 students, 68 of whom were neither
absent nor tardy during the year. This is the best record made in the six
teen years of its existence. A commercial course is to be added for boys who
do not expect to go to college. A second grade model school has been organ
ized this year and is self-supporting. A model school under native super
vision exists in the Second and Third Churches.
This year being the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the
College for Girls at Marash, special services were held at commencement
time. The students of this year and all former students who could be present
formed a body in the center of the church, which was an impressive sight to
the friends o f the college, and an object lesson of the work which is being
done. Forty-nine of the 132 graduates are now teaching in the country.
Miss Blakely reports a good year of work. The teacher of Armenian,
after five years o f service — the longest period of teaching in the college by
any woman of the country — leaves to become the w ife of the pastor at
Kessab. The Foreign M issionary Society connected with the college held a
public meeting this year, the main subject being “ A frica .” A paper, pre
pared and read by one of the members, on the possibilities of Armenian
women doing foreign missionary work awakened a good deal of interest.
O f the nine who graduated this year, all had taught a year before entering
the senior class, which made the year more profitable to them.
Ninety-one boys have attended the academy at Hadj in the past year.
The tuition received from these pupils is not sufficient to support the school,
and the year was ended with a debt. The academy teachers have been invited
to teach in the Gregorian schools o f H adjin, so that if the mission relaxes its
i9°7] Central Turkey Mission 7 1
hold upon these workers the result of many patient years of labor may be
lost.
In the girls’ school there has been a quiet but very earnest work o f the
Spirit among many of the pupils. The Monday morning meeting has been
overcrowded, with the necessity for a second meeting. Nine of the girls
joined the church at Easter.
The number of pupils in the home — 162-— has been unusually small.
This was due to several reasons. No new pupils were admitted from the
city into the primary department, as college trained teachers in charge of
the city schools have greatly improved them, and made the need of admitting
these children to the home less necessary. There are better trained teachers
also in the village schools, and it has been decided that each child in the
orphanage must give a year’s work before leaving. Lack of force at the
station has prevented the visitation of homes to encourage the people to
send their children to school.
St. Paul’s Institute at Tarsus reports a good year of work, with seven
graduating from the college department and sixteen from the academy. On
the morning of the day of the closing exercises there was prize speaking
in five languages: English, Turkish, Greek, French, and Armenian. The
whole number in attendance was 158, a large part of them boarders. Forty-
two towns and villages were represented by these pupils. The new building
has been completed during the year, though much opposition was shown on
the part of the government, and the expense was greatly increased on this
account.
There have been some additions to the course of study, though the
faculty remains the same. The librarian of the Institute reports 1,500 books
in the English language as drawn out in the eight school months. The
students have edited papers in three or four languages. H ereafter pecuniary
aid is to be given to the students only in the form of a loan, to be repaid
in part by the labor of the student while he is still in school, and the
remainder in cash payments when he shall be earning money. Every student
receiving aid is required to leave school for one year before or after finish
ing the sophomore year to engage in some useful service among his own
people; this to test his general spirit and efficiency, to discover if he is a
really worthy candidate for a diploma from a Christian college. There has
been growth in the higher life among the students, but no marked revival.
TH EO LO G ICA L S E M IN A R Y
The rooms in the new seminary building, finished through the generosity
of the churches of the mission and of other friends, have been occupied
by the students for the first time this year. Some further aid is needed to
complete the building. A new plan has been introduced by the faculty in
regard to examinations. Hitherto examinations have been mostly oral.
The new plan provides for written exercises on each subject, and a record
of all marks will be kept so that the standing of each student can be readily
ascertained. These new regulations have already had a marked effect upon
72 Central Turkey Mission [Report
the daily work of the class. During the summer vacation the students read
H arris’s “ Self-Revelation of God,” and were examined upon it. They also
read each a different author on sociology, with essays preparatory to prac
tical sociological work in the city. The last few weeks of the year were
taken up with the study of the history of the Armenian church to the end
of the fifth century. The object of this course is to arouse a deepened inter
est and to gather up the results of modern criticism on the traditional
history of the Armenian church.
Miss Welpton has continued the course in vocal music begun last year,
and the students who have given time to preparation and study have made
very satisfactory progress.
It has seemed to the faculty that while different types of piety are
represented in the class, it may be truthfully said that along with intellectual
activity the spiritual life has not been neglected.
H O S P IT A L W ORK
It is a matter o f great satisfaction that Aintab Hospital is finding larger
opportunities for work in every department every year. Its growing influ
ence as a Christian institution, as also an organization for aggressive work,
emphasizes the imperative necessity o f sustaining a working force in some
way commensurate with the demands and opportunities. The call is there
fore made for another physician to aid Dr. Shepard in this great work.
The hospital reports a grand total of 58,543 treatments, or an average
of 194 a day for each working day of the year. There have been 2,300
visits paid to patients in their homes.
A t Adana over 4,000 people have entered the clinics, of whom a thousand
were Moslems. The latter listened attentively to the preaching of the truth
for an hour at a time.
A t H adjin Dr. Jamgochian, by agreement, has given his services to the
station, making 290 medical visits at the home. He also held four clinics,
treating 2,116 poor patients and perform ing 49 free operations.
IN C ID E N T S OF W O M A N 'S W ORK
A t the outstation of Adiaman the Bible-woman holds noon meetings in
five different quarters of the city, attended mostly by non-Protestants. A t
Aleppo the schoolrooms are pleasant, and the children sit at desks— a fact
true o f no other schools in that district. The people are doing much here,
and have engaged an Arabic teacher, which will bring the school into closer
touch with the non-Protestant population, whose language is Arabic. There
is no woman’s work at Antioch, and the handful of Christian women there
feel that they can do nothing by themselves against the worldliness and
coldness that is about them. Bitias, about four hours’ horseback ride from
Antioch, is the most beautifully situated and picturesque as well as one of
the most prosperous towns in Turkey. The people there are eager to educate
their children, and a good work is being done. A t another point a young
woman connected with one of the only two Protestant families in the place
i9°73 Eastern 1'urkey Mission 73
is doing a real missionary work. She has, at the request of the people,
taught forty of the larger Gregorian girls. A t still another place the women
of the Gess, or mixed race, come secretly to the Christian meetings, saying
that “ their hearts burn when they hear these things/” but that their Aghas
— lords— will not let them come. A t one village an old Mohammedan
woman seems to be a true believer and comes frequently to the church.
Her two sons are in the school and have learned the Arm eno-Turkish char
acter. They read the Bible to their mother, and she prays with them.
EASTERN TURKEY MISSION
B i t l i s . — Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Miss Mary A. C. Ely.E r z r o o m .— Herbert L. Underwood, m .d., Unordained; Mrs. Dora E. Underwood,
Miss Ruth M. Bushnell.
H a r p o o t .— Herman N. Barnum, d.d., John K. Browne, George P. Knapp, Edward F.
Carey, Henry H. Riggs, Ordained; Henry H. Atkinson, m .d., Edwin St. John Ward, m .d.,
Unordained; Mrs. M ary E. Barnum, Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, Mrs. Miriam V. Carey, Mrs. Emma Barnum Riggs, Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson, Mrs. Charlotte E. Ward, Miss Caro
line E. Bush, Miss Mary L. Daniels, Miss M aria B. Poole, Miss M ary W . Riggs.
M a r d i n .— Alpheus N. Andrus, R. Stanley Emrich, Ordained; Mrs. Olive L.
Andrus, Mrs. Jeannette W . Emrich, Miss Johanna L. Graf, Miss Agues Fenenga,
Mrs. W . C. Dewey, Miss Diantha L. Dewey.
V a n . — George C. Raynolds, m .d., Clarence D. Ussher, m .d., Ernest A . Yarrow, Ordained; Mrs. Martha W . Raynolds, Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, Mrs. Martha T.
Yarrow, Miss Susan R. Norton.On the way out.— Miss E. Gertrude Rogers.
In this country.— Royal M. Cole, Robert S. Stapleton, Ordained; Daniel M. B.
Thom, m .d., Unordained; Mrs. Lizzie Cole, Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, m .d., Mrs. Helen L.
Thom, Mrs. Leila Browne, Miss Grisell M. McLaren, Miss M. Myrtle Foote.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Sister Clara, at Van.
Five stations; 77 outstations; 12 ordained missionaries, o f whom two are physi
cians; 4 unordained physicians; 16 wives, one a physician; 16 unmarried women;
total missionary force, 48. The following statistics are for 3 stations only. There are
18 ordained preachers, and 34 unordained preachers; 152 teachers; 20 Bible-women;
and 4 other native helpers, making a total o f 228 native laborers. There are 65 places
of regular m eeting; 34 organized churches; and 10 churches entirely self-supporting. The communicants number 2,460; 183 were added by confession of faith ; adherents,
10,306; average attendance, 9,417. The 59 Sabbath schools had a membership of 6,534. There are 2 theological schools, only one in session, with 8 studying for the ministry.
There is 1 college and 4 boarding and high schools, with 5,791 pupils in all depart
ments. Native contributions amounted to 224,333 piasters ($9,870.65). There are 2
hospitals in which 6,711 patients were treated; 3 dispensaries where 19,181 treatments
were given. The statistics for Bitlis and Erzroom stations have not been received.
Mr. and Mrs. Cole, after repeated delays, have come to this country on
account o f the serious condition of Mr. Cole’s health. On May 2, 1907,
President Riggs and Miss Emma Barnum were married, as were Mr. Carey
and Miss Platt on September 6, 1907. Mr. Ernest Riggs, after a term of
years as tutor in Euphrates College, has come to this country for further
study. Mr. and Mrs. Stapleton and Dr. and Mrs. Thom have entered upon
74 Eastern Turkey Mission [Report
their regular furlough. Miss W ilson has come home and will subsequently
m arry Rev. Lewis E. Carter, o f R exford Flats, N. Y . Dr. W ard and w ife
have gone out with the expectation of beginning medical work in Diarbekir,
an outstation of Harpoot. Miss Rogers is going out to help in the work
at Van.
B IT L IS
It was with keen regret that Mr. and Mrs. Cole started on their furlough
after holding on two years beyond the time of safety to Mr. Cole’s health,
leaving the Misses E ly alone in charge o f the station.
The station naturally divides itself into five chief centers, between which
we pass almost wholly among Armenians, having work in many o f the
villages. The population is very compact, and distances from the center
are not great, not over four days at most. There are large villages of
three and four hundred houses; one, Gope, an important government center
in the wonderful Boulanik plain, should be occupied as soon as possible.
For all this region there is needed a healthy, vigorous, hopeful young man
“ to vault into the saddle and dash up and down the field to oversee all the
work.”
Moush, city o f over 18,000 inhabitants, has been passed to German col
leagues, Mr. and Mrs. Bonne vin Dobbeler, to work independently, though
safeguarded in written compact that should secure usual comity between
stations, with this addition that the Bitlis and Moush workers are to meet
once or twice a year for prayer and consultation to forefend any misunder
standing.
The number of churches remains the same, with branches extending
into more than a dozen outside villages. The membership and congregations
are much depleted, notwithstanding all the accessions, owing to emigration,
especially from Bitlis city. Including outsiders and the student body, mostly
orphans, about the average o f 300 for Sabbath congregations keeps up, and
preaching of the W ord is sought after. The field is not without its
encouragements.
Education, especially the English language part of it, has more attraction
of late, though that tongue alone is not taught save to regular pupils with two
other lessons and higher tuition. Poverty is so great as to preclude their pay
ing as much as is desired, or the school would be overrun with pupils. About
two-score interesting, hopeful boys have graduated from the school these
last twenty-three years, with nearly half that number from the orphanage
industrial department.
Some of the graduates are doing good work as preachers, one over the
Second Church, Harpoot, and two others in the Bitlis and Moush fields.
Several others o f the graduates are serving as teacher-preachers, while a
few have elected a career in Russia, England, and America.
ERZROOM
Evangelistic.— There are two Sunday schools in Erzroom, one for the
primary children in the girls’ school and the other for women and girls held
I9°7] Eastern Turkey Mission 75
in the church, each having a membership o f 100 or more. By far the greater
part o f those attending these Sunday schools are Gregorian women and
children. Many of the women become regular attendants at the Sunday
school.
The new plan of Bible-women’s work adopted for carrying on evangel
istic work in the villages is the sending out of some of the teachers and
girls from the school (who have expressed a desire to engage in such work
and are well qualified for it) to spend the summer vacation in Bible work
in the villages. Unless the priests of the various villages interfere it is
reasonable to anticipate good results from the summer’s work. This hardly
takes the place, however, of a regular Bible-woman who can give her whole
time to the work.
The Erzroom Bible-woman, Digin Mariam, has been continuing her
work faithfully and satisfactorily, mostly in the city, visiting the homes
of the people, reading and explaining the Scriptures, carrying words of
comfort to the sick and sorrowing. She has made 178 visits during the
ten months, besides visits to the hospital and to Dr. Underwood’s clinics
on two days of every week. She has been received very pleasantly in most
of the homes, though in some cases fear of the priests has kept the women
from receiving her cordially. O f all her work she considers that among
the patients at the clinics the most encouraging, the Turkish women espe
cially being interested in the story of Jesus Christ, which they were hearing
for the first time. On account of the smallness o f the forces it has not
been possible to do much touring among the outstations.
Medical.— The Erzroom province contains a population of over half a
million. The Moslems are in a considerable majority, being mostly Kurds
in the southern section and Ossmanli Turks and a few Greeks in the north
and east. Throughout this large area there is no civil hospital in operation.
The patients come from places five days distant southward, two days north
ward, and four days westward and eastward.
A good degree o f progress is reported, especially in the matter o f hospital
accommodations. O f the 1,370 patients who wrere visited in their homes,
106 were Moslems; and of the 1,280 dispensary patients, 380 were Moslems.
This spring a busy three weeks was spent in Erzingan, where 600 patients
were treated and a number of operations performed.
It was encouraging to find that the Christian Association formed by the
young men of the Gregorian church, meeting in the Protestant church,
continues its interest and is developing manly Christian characters in many
of its members. Another event of importance is the order which has come
from Constantinople to close the hospital. Though this building w ill neces
sarily have to be used as a residence, it will be impossible to carry on the
work of an avowed hospital until official permission is secured. It is good
to record the first religious service for inpatients. The girls and teachers
of the girls’ school assisted in these Sunday services.
“ The needs,” writes Dr. Underwood, “ are too discouragingly numerous
to mention.” The greatest need is a trained nurse. F ifty dollars a year will
76 Eastern Turkey Mission [Report
supply a free bed in the hospital. This is a new field for the home friends
to enter.
American School fo r Girls.— The number o f pupils has been larger than
for three or four years past, the total enrollment being 1 12. Only 21 o f
these are from the orphanage, as the number of orphans is decreasing year
by year. A s the leaders of the old church relax their opposition to the
work the people begin to send their children to the schools again, until
compelled by the priests to withdraw them. The native teaching force has
changed but slightly. There has been an earnest Christian spirit felt
throughout the school this year, a spirit that has shown itself in the every
day life and work of the girls as well as in their work in the Christian
Endeavor Society. The washing and mending for the prisoners have been
continued. The missionary spirit has been marked, the girls by great effort
and sacrifice raising twenty-five dollars for a famine orphan in India, whom
they have been supporting for seven years; and fifteen dollars for the Bible-
woman in China, besides more than eight dollars for the poor and suffering
in Erzroom.
There was no class to be graduated from the school this year. A s for
the needs, first and foremost is the need o f another Am erican teacher to
take the place o f Miss Agnes Lord, resigned. There is also need o f some
simple apparatus for teaching physiology and physics; of money to finish
the wall around the schoolyard, so that the “ naughty street boys cannot
get in and break off our trees and spoil our garden ” ; o f bedsteads for the
girls’ dormitory; and last, but not least, several scholarships to assist worthy
girls who could not otherwise attend the school.
A ll departments o f the work have been affected this year by the con
dition of the field; almost famine conditions have prevailed in parts o f the
field, which together with unusual oppression and troubles have been rather
a drawback to the work. Y e t this work has held its own, even if it has not
advanced greatly. There are brighter times to come.
H ARPOOT
Evangelistic.— This work comprises house to house visitation, holding of
wom ens meetings, visiting boys’ and girls’ schools (Protestant, Gregorian,
and T urkish), counseling with the pastors, preachers, and church members
as to progress in church work, and the settling o f difficulties. There are at
least 44 preaching places in the field, supplied in whole or in part by 16
pastors and 21 ordained preachers. These churches have about 55 boys'
and girls’ schools. There are 10 Bible-women, with over 300 pupils; 2 col-
porters are employed by the Bible Society. In some places there are con
stant accessions to the church, and young workers are coming forw ard in
Diarbekir, Choonkoosh, Hulakegh, and Hooeloo. In spite of immigration
and heavy taxes, the Christ life in these churches is very evident because
o f their willingness to give out o f their deep poverty. The D iarbekir church
is wholly self-supporting— a church with over 100 members; a finely edu
cated pastor and w ife; 2 male and 5 female teachers, and a Bible-woman,
with a kindergarten, besides the ordinary schools.
Eastern Turkey Mission 77
The Hooeloo, Arabkir, Choonkoosh, Mezereh, and other small churches are
every year making advance toward self-support, though every year expenses
are increasing. Growth in congregations, and a discomfort on account of
the miserable quarters occupied for church services, schools, and pastor’s
residence since the massacre, have led to a new stirring among the churches
to rebuild. But this is done with much difficulty. The plan of cooperation
with the Germans has been adhered to during the year, they taking over
Mezereh and supplying the money for Malatia, Palu, Peri, and the Geghi
regions, and having an equal voice with the American Board missionaries
in deciding on the expenditure of funds for the whole field. A kindlier
feeling is manifested toward the missionaries by the Gregorians, and a
tendency to work more in harmony with our representatives.
Theological Seminary.— Eight registered at the beginning of the last
seminary year. Messrs. Barnum, Browne, Knapp, Atkinson, and Carey have
given their time and energy without stint to the work of instruction. Dur
ing the year the students have regularly filled two village pulpits and
have visited several other villages at intervals. During the Christmas and
Easter vacations they visited some fifteen villages and held altogether some
225 services. The seminary has received many special gifts from America,
one o f which came as a memorial for Mrs. Lora Carey, the “ Mother of the
First Class.”
Medical W ork.— The portion of the year’s record in which Dr. Atkinson
takes most pride is the organization of the Euphrates Medical Association.
This is an organization of all the Christian physicians and pharmacists in
the Harpoot field. These gentlemen are just as much a project o f our
missionary endeavor as our teachers and preachers. They fill a most useful
place in the effort to uplift the people. The association hopes to have its
home in the Annie T racy Riggs Memorial Hospital. It has many plans
for cooperation, self-improvement, and helpfulness to the people. A s soon
as the hospital is opened they hope to have a class for training nurses, these
classes to be instructed jointly by the members of the association and the
trained nurses, with practical training in the hospital. About $5,000 is
needed to complete the hospital fund.
Euphrates College.— President Riggs writes that the year 1906, though
it contains no very striking features, has been in several ways a year of
more than ordinary progress. The religious life of the college has been
permanently deepened by the revival of the preceding year, expressing itself
in a new religious activity that has borne much fruit. There is, however,
still much need o f quickening, especially in view of the great numbers of
new students thronging in.
The female department has nothing extraordinary to report. In the male
department the value of having Am erican tutors in the college has been
abundantly demonstrated, and it is hoped that another man will be sent out
this year without fail to take the place of Mr. Ernest Riggs, now returning
to the United States for theological study. The attendance has been marked
by an unusual increase in the college classes. The following are the figures
7« Eastern Turkey Mission [Report
for the fall term : College— boys, 160, girls, 82; high school— 219, 104;
grammar school— 92, 75; prim ary— 122, 155; kindergarten— 18, 21; board
ers— 104, 90; total enrollment— boys, 511, girls, 437; total— 948. These
figures well illustrate the tendency o f the present time; other primary and
preparatory schools are being developed by the people in the towns and
villages around, and we try to encourage this development as much as pos
sible. Their graduates come to college, as is shown by the exceedingly large
freshman class this year. There is urgent and immediate need of more
buildings, and application has been made at Constantinople for permits for
erecting a gymnasium, laboratory, and recitation rooms. No funds are in
sight for the laboratory and recitation rooms.
The industrial department has served an excellent purpose this year in
providing work for poor boys in the college. The prospects are fairly good
for making the shops self-supporting.
M A R D IN
A s this report marks the jubilee year of the occupation of Mardin as
a missionary station, we shall include in the report of the station for last
year a survey o f the fifty years since the work began. During these fifty
years there have been connected with the station 10 male missionaries, with
their wives, and 9 single ladies. O f the native force connected with the
station during the fifty years, there have been 9 pastors, 45 preachers, 1 col
porter, and over 100 teachers. More than 150 members o f the native agency
have been trained on the ground, as this is the only Arabic-speaking station
of the mission. O f these, 8 pastors and preachers suffered martyrdom in
the massacres o f 1895, while 51 others are still in the work. During the
fifty years there have been 8 churches organized, 6 o f which still continue
to witness to the life and light in Christ. Some 40 names of places as out-
stations have appeared in the lists during the period under review. The
present number is 18, some of the outstations having been passed over to the
Church M issionary Society o f England and the Presbyterian Board o f the
United States, while others had to be given up because of the retrenchment
in the appropriations of the Board continued over ten years.
Additions to the churches o f last year were greater than at any other one
time, being 60. The Sabbath school work has been growing in the outsta
tions, and has increased especially in Mardin. T he number under instruction
o f Bible-readers, and in the high schools under the direction o f the mission
aries and in the day schools throughout the field, has increased the past
year from 1,567 to 1,867, the highest so far recorded. The progress o f
churches and communities in the direction of self-support amid the mani
fold difficulties created by “ pious” foundations, two hundred years o f the papal
policy o f suppression of the individual, and by native covetousness, and a
steadily grow ing poverty is still to be noted. The total o f native contributions
for the work for 1906 was $1,645, as compared with the appropriations o f the
Board o f $1,892. A t the beginning of the year the churches o f Mardin
and M idjat announced that they had become of age and would consequently
I9°7] Eastern Turkey Mission 79
start the year wholly independent, financially, of the Board. The book
department o f the station is wholly self-supporting, as is also the medical
department.
It is well to note in this connection some of the indirect results of the
work during the past fifty years. First, hostility has been changed to an
evangelical form of Christianity. Second, Moslem fanaticism has mollified
its prejudices, especially through the influence o f the medical department.
Third, all the Christian sects have felt the bonds of sacerdotalism loosening
around them, and are beginning to bring a more intelligent lay influence to
bear upon the ecclesiastics and upon the management of their institutions.
Fourth, among all classes and religions a public influence in favor o f educa
tion has been forming, especially in regard to female education, so that the
Moslems are the only sect that has not done something for the education of
women. Fifth, the homes o f the evangelical community have been wonder
fully improved, and are one of the most potent object lessons for the other
communities to observe and imitate.
“ The day is breaking upon the hills and over the plains of Mesopotamia,
and the lands of apostolic Christianity are beginning to revert to the evan
gelical simplicity and spirituality of the gospel o f the Kingdom.”
The Boys’ H igh School has just been placed under the direction of Mr.
Emrich. No detailed report o f the year is at hand.
The Girls’ H igh School.— A number o f women of the community have
conducted morning prayers and visited classes, thus establishing a closer rela
tion and a deeper feeling o f sympathy between them and the students. The
school has had few er day pupils from the city than formerly, but the whole
number has been larger, namely, 35. Owing to the larger number o f board
ers and higher prices, the money expended, exclusive o f teachers’ salaries,
has amounted to over £T.30 ($132) more than any previous year. A part of
this was raised by the girls themselves, who volunteered to put in the wood
for the school instead o f hiring outside help.
The class in English made a study of “ Pilgrim ’s Progress,” and also John
ston’s “ Studies for Personal W orkers.” These books led to many discussions
about the deeper things of life, and an Arabic outline was made of the “ P er
sonal W orkers” book, thus making the book useful to each girl in the
personal work she promised to do. The spiritual work has been hindered by
the lamentable condition of the church. The Sunday schools and Christian
Endeavor Society, however, and such books as Gordon’s “ Quiet Talks on
Power and P ra y e r” have done much toward stimulating a desire for better
things. There has accordingly been some growth in Christlikeness.
The school makes an urgent plea for at least $6,000 for a new building
which w ill contain rooms for the high school, kindergarten, and quarters for
the missionaries connected with those institutions.
Kindergarten.— The year has been unique, and in some respects the hard
est for many years past. The lessons in Mother Play, Gifts, Occupations,
etc., have supplied just what was lacking. Seventy little ones were enrolled,
34 girls and 36 boys. The average attendance was 34. On June 14 the
8o Eastern Turkey Mission [Report
school graduated a class of 18. The work done by them was more original
and more satisfactory than ever before. The leaders are planning for a busy
year. They, too, are cramped for lack o f room. They also have to face the
extreme poverty of the people.
V A N
V an was visited for the first time by an official o f the German Hiilfsbund,
Pastor Lohmann. Dr. Barnum, also o f Constantinople, for the first time
since leaving V an in 1882 was enabled to visit the scene o f his early labors.
V an has now two distinct church organizations, each with an efficient
acting pastor. The revived city church now numbers 31 members. The
unity and zeal these manifest are an inspiration to all. O f the Garden church,
the number now in actual residence is 65, while there are 18 members in
different villages, making the whole number now residing in the vilayet 118.
The whole number received to membership since the church was formed
in 1876 is 199. The number now reckoned as adherents in the Gardens is 818,
while the whole number in the vilayet is 1,042; the average church attend
ance is 1,300, and the attendance at Sunday school, 1,149. The whole num
ber under instruction in schools and by Bible-women is 1,646; and the sum
of native contributions, $972.52. It is now nearly two years since any new
members have been received into the Garden church, due largely to the fact
that the church has been passing through a crisis over the question of
whether it can do more good for the cause o f evangelical Christianity by
remaining a separate Protestant church organization or o f returning to
the fold o f the mother Gregorian church. The m ajority o f church members
have not sympathized with this agitation. The conduct o f the members
now generally gives hope that the discussion has aroused them to a better
appreciation o f the worth o f the church (Protestant) and of their duties
toward it. M ore are taking part in prayer meetings and Sunday school,
and in other w ays showing their desire to live as active Christians. It is
gratifyin g and almost wonderful that despite these adverse influences evi
dence is not lacking that the Spirit of God is working among the young
people, particularly among the young men.
Little by little new doors have been opening for village work, especially
as the boys from the orphanage have gone forth to teach in the villages,
and the village communities have come to appreciate the desirability o f hav
ing such schools. B y outside gifts the station has been enabled to find
useful employment for graduated orphans in more than a dozen different
villages. M ashgudag has now become a well-established outstation. The
women especially are found to be a sympathetic class o f hearers, and next
to them the young men.
Last year the German Hiilfsbund indicated its desire to make permanent
its orphanage work at V an and to provide better accommodations for it,
and so proposes now to assume full charge of the institution. This change
has been made, and a new lot has been purchased about a quarter o f a
mile from the station’s premises, where new buildings are being erected for
1907] Marathi Mission 81
the children, Dr. Raynolds to continue for the present as head of the insti
tution. A t the same time the Hülfsbund expressed a willingness to take a
share in the general work of the station. A cooperative committee has been
formed to take charge o f the whole work outside of the orphanage, thus
inaugurating the experiment o f carrying on the work of the station jointly.
The political situation has been changed somewhat by the appointment
of a new governor. The delicacy of the situation is very much increased
by the presence and activity of the revolutionists, whose influence has greatly
extended and who assume to control the conduct of all the Armenians both
in the city and in the villages. This increases the difficulty o f our own
work. One of the most regrettable things about the presence of the revolu
tionists is the open and decided influence against religion and morality which
they exercise.
MARATHI MISSION
B o m b a y .— Byron K. Hunsberger, James Smith, Ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth Hume
Hunsberger, Mrs. Maud Smith, Miss Anna L. Millard.
A h m e d n a g a r .— Robert A . Hume, d .d ., Henry Fairbank, Ordained; D. Carroll
Churchill (industrial expert), Unordained; Mrs. Kate F. Hume, Mrs. Alice H. Church
ill, Miss Emily R. Bissell, Miss M ary E. Moulton, Miss Jean P. Gordon, Miss Edith
Gates, Miss Ruth P. Hume, m .d,, Miss M. Eleanor Stephenson, m .d.
Since October.— Henry G. Bissell, Robert Ernest Hume, Ordained; Charles H.
3urr, Unordained; Mrs. Theo K. Bissell, Mrs. Laura Caswell Hume, Mrs. Annie Hard
ing Burr, Miss Elizabeth H. Viles, Miss Clara Harding Bruce.
R a h u r i . — W illiam O. Ballantine, m .d., Ordained; Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine.
S i r u r .— Mrs. M ary C. Winsor.
S a t a r a .— Henry J. Bruce, Ordained; Mrs. Hepsibeth P. Bruce, Miss Louise H.
Grieve, m.d.
S h o l a p u r .— Lorin S . Gates, W illiam Hazen, Ordained; Lester H. Beals, m .d.,
Merrill A. Peacock, Unordained; Mrs. Frances H. Gates, Mrs. Florence H. Hazen,
Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, m .d., Mrs. Nellie L. Peacock, Miss M ary B. Harding, Miss
Esther B. Fowler.V a d a l a . — Edward Fairbank, Alden H. Clark, Ordained; Mrs. Mary A. Fairbank,
Mrs. Mary W . Clark.
W a i.— T heodore- Storrs Lee, Ordained; Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee, Mrs. Minnie L.
Sibley.On furlough.— Justin E. Abbott, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Camilla Louise Abbott, Miss
Belle Nugent, Mrs. Em ily D. Harding.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— David Winsor.
Eight stations; 32 outstations; 14 ordained missionaries, of whom one is a physi
cian; 4 unordained, one of them a physician; 17 w ives; 16 single women, of whom three
are physicians; total missionary force, 49. The native pastors number 26; ordained
preachers not pastors, 10; licensed preachers, 18; Bible-readers, 29; 77 Bible-women;
244 male and 88 female teachers; 4 medical catechists; total number of trained native
Christian workers, 496. The 56 churches have 6,618 communicants: 3,217 men and
3,401 women; 545 were received into the churches on profession o f faith, and 260
children were baptized. In the 175 Sunday schools 8,089 pupils are receiving Christian
instruction. Christians live in 320 villages, and the whole Christian community num
bers 13,062. The mission has 1 theological seminary, with 20 students; 33 higher and
boarding schools, 150 common schools; a total o f 183 schools, including all grades
82 Marathi Mission [Report
from the kindergarten up. The whole number of pupils in all the schools was 7,167.
The native contributions for the support of Christian work were 7,356 rupees ($2,452)
from the churches; received from fees, 5,847 rupees ($1,949), and from government
grants, 44,264 rupees ($14,754), an increase o f more than $1,300 in receipts from the
government over the previous year.
N o t e . — The chief reason for the falling off in statistics is that those of the Roha
and Lalitpur districts are left out, these having been transferred to other missions
during the year, owing to shortage o f funds.
The annual report o f this mission for 1906, prepared by Miss M ary E.
Moulton, is printed in a pamphlet of eighty-four pages, giving detailed
statements o f each station as well as o f the mission as a whole, all of which
is o f great interest. The changes in the missionary force are not numerous.
Mrs. Elizabeth D. Harding and her daughter, Miss M ary Harding, and Miss
Esther Fowler, who in the last annual report were recorded as on the way
to the mission, have reached their destination; Mrs. H arding residing with
her children, Mr. and Mrs. Churchill at Ahmednagar, Miss H arding and
Miss Fow ler resuming their work in the schools of Sholapur. Since October
Mr. and Mrs. H enry G. Bissell have returned to India; Mr. and Mrs.
Charles H. Burr, Miss Viles, and Miss Bruce have gone as new laborers,
and Mr. and Mrs. D. C. Churchill, heretofore laboring in connection with the
work at Ahmednagar, have received appointment as missionaries and are on
the field.
The report makes tender reference to the death o f two beloved mission
aries. Mrs. M ary E. Bissell, whose long and devoted service in India for
a period of fifty-five years came to an end in April, 1906, was a w om an
o f unusual vigor and consecration, and rendered a service o f inestimable
value. Mrs. Ruby H arding Fairbank died in December, 1906, after a life
o f great beauty and helpfulness. Mention is made in the report of the visits
Marathi Mission 83
of the two District Secretaries o f the Board, Drs. Creegan and Hitchcock,
and also o f the service of Pres. Charles Cuthbert Hall, d .d ., who has delivered
a second series o f lectures on the Haskell foundation.
T H E L A S T T W E N T Y -F IV E Y E A R S OF T H E M ISSIO N
A n interesting feature of this report is the review of the twenty-five
years o f the mission which have elapsed since the jubilee meeting o f 1881.
Some facts brought to light may well be presented here for permanent record.
The period thus reviewed is marked by growth, which is shown by the follow
ing table, giving statistics bqth for the Ahmednagar district and for the
whole mission:
Ahmednagar
Whole
Mission AhmednagarWhole
Mission
1881 1881 1906 1906
Churches 17 24 41 59Pastors 11 14 24 29
Communicants 1.052 1,381 4,484 6,687
Whole community 1,945 2,485 10,142 13,602
Preachers 33 53 27 55Bible-women 12 21 40 99Schools 50 78 64 186
Scholars 964 i ,53i 4,010 7.243Teachers— men 49 80 150 251Teachers— women 7 14 34 90Hindu teachers — all men 0 0 27 54
The only item in this list which does not show a large increase is that
of preachers, though these have nearly doubled within the quarter of a
century. The reason given for this is that the Christian community and
the schools have grown so much that the missionary has not time to train
preachers; general preaching is largely left to the pastors. The number
of Christian girls in schools has within twenty-five years increased nearly
tenfold, from 189 to 1,819. These schools for girls are very prosperous,
and whereas in 1881 there was a single large school at Ahmednagar, there
are now high schools in Ahmednagar and Bombay, and large advanced
schools at all the eight stations of the mission. The development in indus
trial education is quite noticeable, especially within the past ten years. The
schools at Sirur, Ahmednagar, Sholapur, and Bombay are mentioned as
having made great advance of late.
The medical w ork also shows a large increase. The physician is always
aided by the preacher, and the work in the Ahmednagar hospital for women
and children is an illustration of what the mission seeks to accomplish. The
excellent influence o f this special work is felt not only by the patients who
receive treatment, but by the men and women who have attended the sick
and the suffering, many of whom are being trained as assistants in hospitals
and dispensaries. The blessing of God has most manifestly rested upon
the faithful w ork done during these last twenty-five years, not only in the
number o f those who have openly confessed Christ, but in the removal of
prejudices and the awakening of a spirit of friendliness.
84 Marathi Mission [Report
TH E STATIONS
Bombay.— During 1906 the station was occupied by three missionary
families and one unmarried lady. A t the close of the year Mr. and Mrs.
Peacock were transferred, for reasons o f health, to Sholapur, and shortly
after Dr. and Mrs. Abbott left on furlough. Dr. Abbott reports that the
new church edifice has proved a stimulus to greater activity in the church
life, and that the services o f the Sabbath were very satisfactorily attended.
A Young Men’s Home has been maintained by a committee of the Chris
tian young men of the church in connection with the missionaries of the
station, and about twenty young men have enjoyed its privileges and have
been cared for until able to maintain themselves. Concerning the high
school Mr. Hunsberger says:
“ Much of the credit for the work of the high school is due to the faith
ful and painstaking work of the teachers, some of whom have been con
nected with the school for twenty years. The aim of the school being
distinctly the training of character, a unique method of securing manly
independence has been adopted and has been in successful operation during
the year. The principle o f this method is as follows: A poor boy wishing
to continue in, or for the first time to enter, the school, is given an oppor
tunity of working at manual work for one year, for which he is paid wages
according to the efficiency of his work. The wages are not paid in cash,
but are credited to him, and out o f these he purchases such necessities as
the principal o f the school may approve. A t the completion of the year of
manual labor he may attend the full course o f studies for the period of
years for which his savings are sufficient to cover his expenses for food,
clothing, and books. W hen this is exhausted he must again take a year of
manual or other labor assigned to him and earn his way for another period
of study. The same arrangement is made possible for those desiring to
attend college. Thus a poor boy can obtain a college education by earning
his way, with self-respect and with the respect of others. Tw o young men
are now in W ilson College who have fully earned sufficient to pay all college
expenses during the remaining year of their course.”
Other schools mentioned in the report of this station are the M cKinley
School, the Seven Roads Girls’ School, the little Boys’ Home, all o f which
have proved helpful— the last named having 120 boys, who are working with
much spirit and eagerness.
In Bowker H all the number of girls was 128. Miss M illard reports
concerning the School for the Blind that there are 30 boys and 20 girls in
the institution. Several o f the children are making remarkable progress,
and some of them can read Marathi and English with their fingers more
readily than a seeing child of the same age.
D uring the year Dr. Abbott devoted half his time as a member o f the
British and Foreign Bible Society’s Committee, who are revising the Marathi
Bible. The revised New Testament is being put through the press, and the
revision o f the Old Testament has been begun.
Dr. Abbott has had charge of the Dnyanodaya, the Anglo-M arathi paper,
i9°7] Marathi Mission 85
which has now entered upon its sixty-fifth year and is still proving an excel
lent agency for reaching Hindu readers, both Christians and non-Christians.
Rev. S. V . Karm arkar has labored diligently and successfully in evan
gelistic lines, while his wife, Dr. Gurubai Karmarkar, has continued her
notable medical work. Dr. Karm arkar visited England during the year to
attend the Young W omen’s Christian Association Convention in Paris as
a delegate from India, afterwards taking some studies in London hospitals.
Mr. Karm arkar has spent four months in tent work with the purpose of
reaching the educated classes, large numbers gathering in the tents on
Saturdays and Sundays. From two to five hundred persons hear the gospel
in the course o f one meeting. From these meetings a number o f inquirers
have been led to seek Christian instruction in the W ord of God. Mr.
Karm arkar was the India delegate to the All-W orld Students’ Federation,
lately convened in Japan, and had a share in the all-Asia movement for inter
racial visitation for the evangelization of the Asiatic peoples.
Ahmednagar.— An important event of the year in review is the comple
tion and dedication of the commodious and stately church edifice in Ahmed
nagar. The previous edifice was quite unattractive and altogether inade
quate and unsatisfactory. The new edifice will seat 1,200 in its main
department, and it has four smaller rooms for various purposes. The build
ing has a fine dome, and is intended to be strictly Oriental in its architecture,
avoiding all adornments which would be objectionable to Hindus or Moham
medans. Pres. Charles Cuthbert Hall, in warm appreciation of this edifice
and its value in the place where it stands, says:
“ It is not a bit of the W est set down in the East. It is in spirit and
mode an Oriental building, and yet it is distinctively a Christian house o f
worship. The most casual visitor could not mistake it for anything else.”
A n inscription on the outside wall, both in English and Marathi, says,
“ This is God’s house; every one is invited to enter and worship.” No
building in India, it is said, bears a similar invitation, for men o f other
religions are not allowed to enter Hindu temples or Mohammedan mosques
except with restrictions. The building was dedicated October 24, and the
services were conducted by Indian Christian leaders. None o f the cost came
from the Am erican Board or from the mission, but was met chiefly from
the gifts o f friends in Am erica or from Anglo-Indian officials and others
in India. The pastor’s salary and many incidental items are met by the
tithes and contributions of church members and other worshipers.
The Theological Seminary.— This seminary, which had been closed for
three years, was reopened in 1906, and a large class o f 20 students was
formed. The students received had proved faithful and successful in Chris
tian work, and gave promise of profiting by the instruction they were to
receive. Dr. Robert Hume, who is at the head of the institution, is assisted
during the absence of Mr. Bissell by Rev. N. V. Tilak, a native ordained
evangelist o f scholarship and spiritual power. He has given instruction
in church history and comparative religions.
The H igh School.— Rev. Henry Fairbank had charge of the mission high
86 Marathi Mission [Report
school until Mr. Smith’s return in June. The literary department o f this
school had nearly 600 pupils, with 18 teachers. Record was made o f the
fact that since 1882, when the school was opened, 2,893 pupils have been
enrolled in the high and middle division, while probably 1,000 have been
enrolled in the preparatory department. These pupils are now scattered
in various parts of India and are doing good w ork; and it is found that the
graduates of several castes from the highest to the lowest carried the friend
ships they had formed in the school out into the world into which they have
gone.
Reference is made to the Sir D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts, in
which the 300 pupils attend school half the day and the workshops the other
half. Here the boys secure a training which is designed to make them quite
self-supporting. A small furniture factory has been started, which for
several months has been kept very busy with orders. That the boys are
capable and industrious is shown by the fact that the industrial department
occupies a building which is 35 feet by 90 feet in size, and three stories
high.
A boys’ hostel, or dormitory, which by a recent addition now accom
modates 300 boys, has been named H arris Hall, in honor o f Lord Harris,
a late governor o f Bombay, who gave the site for the hostel and the land
adjoining for the principal’s house. The expenditure in all the departments
o f the high school was about $20,000, of which the Am erican Board con
tributed only about five per cent. The balance came from government
grants, donations, fees, and sale of by-products, which term is used in the
report with a note, “ The articles m anufactured” ; for, it is added, “ the
products of the school are men, and these other manufactured articles are
the by-products.”
A quiet revival in the high school is reported by Rev. Henry Fairbank
as follows: “ About a year ago there was a quiet but most real season of
spiritual blessing and refreshment among the high school boys. There was
already a stirring of desire in the hearts of some when Mrs. Smith spoke
to them about the desirability o f a revival and the need o f praying for one.
Some most interesting meetings were held in the hostel, and the boys were
evidently spiritually quickened. One Sunday, at the close o f the afternoon
service, they asked permission to continue the service. H ardly had the
preacher pronounced the benediction before the boys began praying. One
after another they offered most simple and earnest prayers for the forgive
ness o f sin, for growth in holiness, for the coming o f the Spirit in their
hearts. The praying went on for about fifteen minutes, and the increase
in attention and spiritual power was most noticeable. Then one of the
boys rose and chanted verse after verse o f the 136th Psalm, while the whole
body of girls and boys joined in the refrain, ‘ for H is mercy endureth for
ev er’ ; the effect was thrilling. I, for one, felt God’s presence in that hall
as I had never felt it before. I was asked to make the closing prayer.
W hat especially filled me was the thought that I was a poor weak child,
like them all, and that God had spiritual blessing and grace for all alike,
i9°7] Marathi Mission 87
who asked him for them. Then quietly we dispersed, but the influence of
that meeting, and the meetings held about that time, has not yet waned.
Those who know the boys testify that since then their lives have changed
for the better.”
Mr. Churchill, who for five years has been laboring independently of
the Board, though in heartiest sympathy with our missionaries, has recently
received appointment as a missionary o f the Board. He reports that during
the past year the boys and girls in his weaving school have made evident
progress. H e has invented a new loom, requiring new weaving machinery.
This present effort at which he is working hopefully is “ to produce a simple
loom which will turn out good cloth, in sufficient quantity, by an average
low caste Indian o f three or four years’ training.”
The Normal School.— The Christian Literature Society of England has
maintained a normal school in Ahmednagar for over forty years. From
it the m ajority o f teachers for the primary mission schools of the Marathi
country have graduated. This society, originally called Christian Vernacular
Education Society, has now turned its attention solely to the publication of
Christian literature, and has given up the normal school. Being indispensable
in supplying teachers, the Am erican Mission has had to assume its manage
ment since it closed last June. Boys in the normal department spend two
hours a day in teaching in the practice school. The former are from fifteen
to twenty years o f age.
The Bible-W om en’s Training Class, which was in charge of Mrs. Henry
Fairbank, has had a successful year, and enrolled eight women in the train
ing class, studying to become proficient in teaching the Bible in the Hindus'
homes.
The Girls’ Boarding School.— Since Miss Nugent came home Miss Gordon
and Miss Gates have been associate principals. Tw o hundred and eighty-five
pupils have been enrolled in the vernacular department, and a total of over
600 in all the departments. The lace school, an industrial enterprise con
nected with this school, has an efficient European superintendent. A ll
departments have earned high praise and good grants-in-aid from the
government.
Three schools for non-Christian girls for the first part of the year were
in charge of Miss Moulton, and since May were given to Miss Emily Bissell.
They have afforded great gratification to the teachers, and have drawn forth
from the government inspector appreciative and encouraging words.
T H E M E D IC A L W ORK
The Hospital.— Dr. Ruth Hume reports that the hospital and dispensary
for women and children, attended by herself and Dr. Eleanor Stephenson,
have increased in efficiency during the year, with a larger number of patients
and of operations. Am ong the patients are many Mohammedans and
Brahmans and others o f high caste. D r. Beals reports that his work in
Ahmednagar shows an increase of about twenty-five per cent in the number
of outpatients and a similar increase in the amount contributed by the
88 Marathi Mission [Report
patients toward the support o f the work. The total number of patients
treated in Ahmednagar and vicinity by these physicians in 1906 was 15,521.
Since June, 1907, Dr. and Mrs. Beals have been transferred to Sholapur.
The whole burden of the medical work in Ahmednagar now falls on the
two lady physicians.
The Parner District extends southwest and northwest o f Ahmednagar.
having a population o f 71,000, in which are 6 churches, having 431 com
municants. The total Christian community is a little less than 1,000. There
are 20 schools and 22 teachers, with 247 pupils. The plan is that there
shall be within the district so many centers o f Christian work that no one
need go more than four miles to join in worship with fellow-Christians.
In this way the local village church becomes more vigorous. A daily service
of worship is held in every town where a Christian worker lives. Self-
support is thus encouraged. This district is provided for by the State
Street Church in Portland, Me., which pledged itself to send out $1,116
for this purpose, thus more than doubling its previous gifts for foreign
missions.
The Kolgaon District extends some thirty miles south of Ahmednagar,
and contains ninety-eight villages, with five churches. In the absence of
Rev. H enry G. Bissell during the year, Dr. Robert A . Hume has had the
general supervision of the district, aided efficiently by Rev. Balwantrao C.
U jgare, a son of the first convert in this district. The acting pastor of the
church at Kolgaon is a student in the theological seminary, coming each
Sunday to conduct services, and is a younger son of the same first convert
of fifty years ago.
The Jeur District.— Miss Moulton reports much encouragement from
the quickened spiritual condition of the workers. The prayers at the work
ers’ monthly meetings have revealed a deeper life than formerly. Four times
during the year it has seemed wise to lay aside all work and meet for an
extra day o f prayer and conference. There have been 19 baptisms and 13
have united with the churches. The total number o f the Christian com
munity is 852. The plan for the Jeur church was made August 27, 1901..
which was the fiftieth anniversary o f Mrs. M. E. Bissell’s arrival in India.
On the 25th o f August last there was completed and dedicated a stone
building 50 feet by 25 feet, a large number o f people coming from Ahmed
nagar for the service. The gifts for the construction of this edifice came
from India, Am erica, and England. It is a fitting memorial o f a noble and
devoted life.
The Vadala District.— There are 12 churches in this district, which
has a population of 60,000, under the care o f Rev. and Mrs. Edward Fair-
bank and Rev. and Mrs. Alden H. Clark. The schools have had unusual
prosperity, the region having been exempted from the ravages of the plague
to a good degree, though famine conditions have been more or less prevalent.
These schools are doing much for the breaking down of caste, there being
an attendance in the schools of Brahman, Marathi, Mahar, and Mang
boys and girls, representing the main castes from high to low. There is
Marathi Mission 89
a demand for new schools. Mr. Fairbank speaks particularly of ten villages
that have petitioned for help in opening Christian schools. O f one experi
ence he writes: “ On one of my tours I passed through the village o f Hana-
mant Takli. The villagers heard of my coming and prepared to detain
me. Oleander flowers from the river bed were gathered in abundance,
and wreaths and garlands made for the occasion. The rest house was
adorned with these and other flowers. A n improvised pulpit was set up,
and even a dinner was prepared for me. On my arrival I was taken to
the rest house and asked to preach. The entire village had turned out.
They listened a good three-quarters of an hour while I told them of the
Christian life. A fter this they urged their claims for a Christian school.
They would give the site for the school building and put it up, and the
children from all castes would attend. The different castes of the village
were constantly quarreling with each other, but they were of one mind in
this thing— their need of a mission school. W hat could I do? A fter all
this I had to tell them that I could not give any promise or assurance. I did
not mention reductions, but I felt their weight. Since then these people
have walked into Vadala, twenty-two miles, three times, to ask for the
school. There have recently been over forty baptisms among them, and
they are more urgent than ever for the school.”
Another incident reported by Mr. Fairbank is that of a girl who had
been in an orphanage during the famine, and returned to her Hindu rela
tives residing in a village twelve miles from Vadala. “ There was not a
Christian in the village. She immediately opposed her relatives in their
worship of idols, which she told them were only of wood and stone. She
began to read to them regularly in the evenings from the Bible. H er rela
tives then came to us and urged that we allow the girl, only twelve years
old, to stay here in our school. She was taken in. A fter a few months she
came forward to be baptized. A t this time she urged that her relatives
should be visited, saying that she was afraid that they would otherwise die
Hindus. A preacher went to the village and has kept visiting it regularly
ever since, with the result that Sunday before last twenty-five from the
village were baptized, and others are to follow.”
The report is made of movements looking toward the independence of the
churches, which is a difficult matter in the villages, where the people are
comparatively few and their poverty is great. This present healthy move
ment, originating with some of the leaders of the Christian community,
gives good ground for hoping that a few of the older and stronger churches
will exert themselves earnestly for independence.
Mr. Clark reports that the schools in Vadala itself, for which he has
had responsibility, have prospered the past year, having an enrollment of
about 150, of whom 40 were famine orphans. He says: ‘ 'W e have had the
satisfaction of seeing boys formerly listless, unhappy, and difficult to manage
become industrious, happy, and orderly, because they have found their sphere
in industrial work.”
Rahuri.— This district is under the care of Dr. W illiam 0 . Ballantine
9 ° M arathi Mission [Report
and his wife. For a part of the time Rev. and Mrs. N. V . T ilak assisted.
In the latter portion of the year they removed to Ahmednagar, where
Mr. Tilak was an instructor in the theological seminary. The district has
a population of 95,000, the Christian community numbering 2,172; 10 churches
have an enrolled membership o f 1,001, of whom 32 were received on con
fession the past year.
Dr. Ballantine reports that the boys’ and girls' schools have shown
marked improvement, and that the English middle school in Rahuri has re
ceived a government grant of 400 rupees. Other schools have received higher
grants than ever before. In the kindergarten department 55 little ones are
daily taught, with most encouraging results. These schools are receiving
much commendation from the government inspectors. Dr. Ballantine reports
that his medical work has been constant, people coming from long distances
as well as from the immediate vicinity. He has made several tours through
the district, visiting some of the villagers more than once, accompanied
usually by a native helper, and thus being able to reach many people, both
men and women. O f one place visited, Ukalgaon, he says: “ An interesting
company of Mangs (outcastes) came together for a special service, at
which 8 adults and 2 children were baptized. The eagerness of the people
to hear preaching has increased of late }rears to a marked degree. A t one
place 80 women of different castes assembled in the village schoolyard, and
we held a long conference with them. The Hindu women as well as the
Christian ones repeated verses and told Bible stories and sang Christian
hymns together. The faithful work of the teacher in the place for the past
twelve years seemed to be bearing much precious fruit in all that we saw
and heard around us on that eventful day. The talks of our helpers were
an inspiration to us, as well as to the people for whom they were designed.”
Sirur.— Since the death of Mr. W insor in March, 1905, no ordained
missionary has been stationed at Sirur. The whole work has been carried
on efficiently by Mrs. W insor, aided by her son, Mr. D avid W . W insor,
who has been o f special service in connection with the industrial school
and the allied station school. Though the plague has been prevalent at
intervals throughout the district, Mrs. W insor can report that not one
Christian was stricken by the disease, and no person who had been inocu
lated had been attacked. This exemption of the Christians and the others
who had been under treatment of Dr. Beals and Dr. Archibald W insor
made a great impression upon all classes, and at a special thanksgiving
service, held in March last, Hindus and Mussulmans alike looked on in
amazement.
Reference is made in Mrs. W insor’s report to the excellent fruits of
the D exter Home for W idows, and the great interest shown by the mothers
in the church in their monthly meetings for prayer. The Bible Society is
supporting a colporter and a Bible-woman within the district, and the
villagers welcome these bearers of the W ord of God. The orphans who
have been trained at the station are many of them taking important posi
tions in l i fe — some as teachers, some as artisans, and all are useful
Christians.
i9°7] M arathi Mission 9 1
The Beverly School for Girls has had a good year. In the Sir D. M.
Petit Industrial School the usual work has been carried on and great
progress has been made, showing that the plan of combining industrial work
with other studies results admirably.
A large number of visitors have borne recent testimony to the value
of the work at Sirur, among them Lord Lamington, the governor of the
Bombay Presidency, and other government officials, one of whom, after
expressing his great gratification at witnessing the work presided over by
Mrs. W insor and Mr. David W insor, says, “ I have not seen better schools
in India.”
Satara.— The station has been in charge, as usual, o f Mr. and Mrs. Bruce
and Dr. Grieve, aided for a part of the year by Mr. and Mrs. Henry Fair-
bank. Mr. Bruce refers to a change of attitude on the part of the people
in recent years. Christians are not despised as formerly, and ready atten
tion is given to the preached Word. A n exceptional experience is reported,
that after many years of quietness in connection with street preaching there
was last year a serious assault upon one of the pastors who was preaching
near the bazaar. A policeman, who undertook to remove the preachers, was
subsequently punished by a fine imposed by the superintendent of police.
The Columbian Press, which for twenty-five years has done such a broad
and valuable work, producing and scattering several millions of tracts, has
been suspended; Mr. Bruce, who has had sole responsibility for this enter
prise, having been unable to carry it forward as heretofore. The whole
mission deems this as a distinct loss to its evangelistic work. Mrs. Bruce,
who has had charge of the Bible-women, reports that there are six of them
in different parts of the city and the near villages. She has also had over
sight of the station school, with its four regular teachers.
Dr. Grieve speaks of the year, the fifth of her medical work in that
station, as the hardest in its history, and yet the year of greatest blessing.
It has drawn its support entirely from fees from patients and from volun
tary contributions. Patients are brought in from long distances, the m ajority
of them being middle and high caste Hindus. The dispensary was not closed
for a day. An unusually severe plague epidemic began in October, and
the mortality was great. Dr. Grieve has been judged to be more than
ordinarily successful in her treatment of this dread epidemic. Testimonies
to her unstinted devotion in her profession and her Christlike spirit are
abundant.
Sholapur.— This district has 8 churches, with 806 communicants, and a
Christian community nearly twice as large. The First Church, in charge
of the excellent native pastor, has been doing a very successful work. This
church contributes toward the salary of a teacher in the leper asylum, in
care of Dr. Keskar, who has also 2 orphanages and 6 schools in addition to
his dispensary. This gentleman is not connected officially or financially
with the Board. The number of such is on the increase in India.
The Second Church, of Sholapur, is composed entirely of lepers. The
death of Dr. K eskar’s w ife is referred to as a great loss to the work.
92 M arathi M ission [Report
Regular services have been held in English in the Railroad Institute. The
village schools afford valuable means o f evangelization in the neighboring
towns. These schools show a steady improvement. The people are coming
to a better appreciation of the helpfulness of industrial training for their
children.
Mrs. Gates reports that there are 5 Bible-women at work in the city
and 7 in the villages from five to fifty miles distant. Women from all
classes are met and taught. Mr. Hazen reports, in connection with the
grow ing boys’ school: “ W hile revival movements, more or less intense, have
been going on in various parts o f India, there has been taking place in
Sholapur a real revival o f spiritual religion. It has not been manifested
in the conventional forms that are generally supposed to be essential to
revivals, but it is none the less real and pervasive. This deepening of the
spiritual life manifests itself in the spirit of prayer which has taken posses
sion of our workers, in the earnest desire for blessing to themselves and
those for whom they work, and in the earnest seeking for God’s help in
all their endeavors. It manifests itself in the greater interest in the things
o f the hfgher life noticeable among our school pupils, their zeal in Bible
study, their readiness to pray, their willingness to work, their greatly im
proved behavior, the greater ease with which discipline is maintained, and
the large number who have offered themselves for admission to the church.
Fully 30 boys have been admitted to the church this year, a larger number
than at any time before since my work here began.”
Wai.— Mr. and Mrs. Lee and Mrs. Sibley have resided at W ai. Miss
Gordon, who has been connected with the station, was transferred tempo
rarily, on account of the special needs, to the Ahmednagar girls’ boarding
school.
W ai is a stronghold o f Brahmanism, and there has been some fierce
opposition to Christian work. The native pastor has been full of courage,
abounding in good works, encouraging all the preachers and teachers, who
have had a trying year. Y e t the year, Mr. Lee says, has been one of spiritual
growth and quickening. The attendance at the village schools has been
good, and the people are steadfast and enthusiastic. Mrs. Sibley reports
that the Bible-women have wrought efficiently amid some open hostility to
the work. It has been a time of trial for the workers at W ai, but the very
darkness o f ,the place in spiritual things makes a greater demand for the
true light.
Since the report for the year was printed, the mission at its annual
meeting has been compelled to consider its present situation. In view of
the need o f more missionaries, money, and native helpers, the question has
been soberly raised whether it would not be expedient to concentrate forces
more and turn over to some other missionary organization, or abandon, one
or two of the present stations, W ai and Satara being mentioned first. Last
year the Roha district was thus given over. The year before Lalitpur was
closed. N ow shall Satara and W ai be subjected to a similar treatment?
E very one in the mission would deprecate such a course, if it could possibly
1907] Madura Mission 93
be avoided. It can be avoided only by additional reenforcements. W ith
this thought in mind a passage from the report of the mission for the past
year may well be quoted here. It is from a special message to the officers
and Prudential Committee o f the Board: “ None of our stations can be
combined. W e should not be compelled to close any. W ith justice to
conserving the fruits o f past efforts, or to entering into present opportu
nities which others cannot improve, we cannot accept the alternative of
less money or few er missionaries. W e most earnestly ask for more men
and more missionaries. T o particularize a few of our most urgent imme
diate needs, we would specify: For Bombay, a kindergartner and an addi
tional fam ily; for Sirur, an ordained missionary fam ily; for Satara, an
additional fam ily and one or two ladies; for W ai, a married medical mis
sionary; for Rahuri, an additional fam ily; for Ahmednágar, an expert in
modern pedagogy, ordained, if possible, to be at the head of a reorganized
normal school for training teachers o f both sexes; and two trained ladies,
qualified for positions in the large girls’ school and the Bible-women’s train
ing school. This is the minimum which we can indicate for partially meeting
our present urgent needs. For such a speedy reenforcement we make a most
earnest appeal.”
MADURA MISSION
M a d u r a .— W illiam W . Wallace, David S. Herrick, Ordained; Mrs. Dency T . M.
Herrick, Miss Eva M . Swift, Miss Bessie B. Noyes, Miss M ary T . Noyes, Miss Harriet
E. Parker, m .d.
D i n d i g u l . — W illis P . Elwood, Ordained; Mrs. Agnes A . Elwood.
T i r u m a n g a la m .-— Hervey C. Hazen, Ordained; Mrs. Hattie C. Hazen.
P a s u m a l a i .— John P. Jones, d.d., John X. Miller, Ordained; Mrs. Sarah A. Jones,
Mrs. M argaret Y . Miller.P e r i a k u l a m . — James E. Tracy, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Fannie S. Tracy.
A r u p p u k o t t a i . — James C. Perkins, Ordained; Mrs. Lucy C. Perkins.
B a t t a l a g u n d u . — In charge of George Sherwood Eddy and Mrs. Maude A. Eddy.M e l u r . — Edward P. Holton, Ordained; M r s . Gertrude M . Holton.
P a l a u 1.— No missionary.
M a n a m a d u r a .-— Charles S. Vaughan, Ordained; Mrs. M . Ella Vaughan.
In this country.— John S. Chandler, Frank Van Allen, m .d., Franklin E. Jeffery,
W illiam M. Zumbro, John J. Banninga, Ordained; Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, Mrs.
Harriet D. Van Allen, Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, Mrs. Mary D. Banninga, Mrs. Genevieve
T. W allace, Miss Helen E. Chandler.
On the way out.— Miss M ary M. Root.Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mile. Cronier.
In England.— Miss C. S. Quickenden.Ten stations; 15 ordained missionaries, one a physician; 14 w ives; 7 single women,
one a physician; total American missionaries, 36; 22 Indian pastors; 160 catechists and evangelists; 84 Bible-women; 206 schoolmasters and 139 schoolmistresses; 32 medical
agents; total number of trained native agents, 643. The churches number 36, o f which 16 are self-supporting; the membership numbers 6,227, an increase of 415. The Chris
tian adherents number 19,812. These are to be found in 524 villages and are organ
ized into 381 congregations. The average Sabbath attendance was 11,270. The Sab
bath schools number 292, with an attendance of 8,237. The membership of the Y . P.
Madura Mission 95
S. C. E. is 4,225. Itineracies, 51 in number, covered 355 days of encampment in 3,258
separate villages. The number of hearers was 205,665. The Bible-women instructed
in their homes 4,543 women and addressed 124,198 hearers. The 2 hospitals and 1
branch dispensary treated 45,878 patients. The mission has 1 theological school, with
41 students; 1 Bible school for women, with 13 students; total number under Chris
tian instruction in schools of all grades, 8,736. Eighty-one pupils united with the
church during the year. Native contributions for the year amounted to 12,140 rupees
($4,047), and the fees collected in schools to $7,095.
The mission has been strengthened by the appointment of Miss Catherine
S. Quickenden, an English lady who had already served a term in Arup-
pukottai as an associate w orker; but it has been weakened by the large
number o f missionaries on furlough at one time. Mr. Banninga, after a
long and heroic struggle to overcome disease in his system without leav
ing the field, was obliged to take furlough with Airs. Banninga and seek
restoration in the United States. Dr. V an Allen, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery and
their children, and Mrs. W allace and her children have also come on fur
lough. Miss Chandler is expecting to return to Madura this fall, and Miss
Root is now on her way to the field.
On the field Mr. and Mrs. Elwood have been appointed to Dindigul
station in place o f Mr. Jeffery; Mr. Holton to Melur station in place of
Mr. Banninga, and Dr. Parker has been placed in charge of the general
hospital in addition to her work in the woman’s hospital. The Board and
the mission are under the greatest obligations to Mr. G. Sherwood Eddy
a t this time for taking charge o f the Battalagundu station for the current
year, when there was no one available to fill the vacancy. Mr. Eddy is one
of the secretaries of the Indian National Council of Young Men’s Chris
tian Associations, and is well qualified by his previous residence in the
■district, and especially by the fact that in 1903 he rendered a similar service
to the mission by spending the best part of the year in itinerating with the
theological students. The removal of Mr. and Mrs. Elwood to Dindigul
leaves the Palani station vacant, and that of Mr. and Mrs. Holton to Melur
throws all the work o f the large station in Manamadura on to Mr. and
Mrs. Vaughan. A s that station has also recently lost one of its two Indian
pastors, the burden upon Mr. Vaughan is a heavy one.
The season has been fairly prosperous, as rains have fallen in good time,
though prices have continued high, and therefore the poor have suffered.
But a great and unusual calamity has fallen upon many individuals and
agencies in this mission, as well as upon others all over South India, in the
failure) of the private banking firm of Arbuthnot and Company. For 106 years
this firm held the leading place among the business firms o f Madras, and it
w as trusted by individuals and societies o f all races and religions, and its
head had been knighted by Queen V ictoria; and yet such frauds were
practiced in the conduct of the business that when the bank failed there
were practically no assets to counterbalance enormous debts. Not more
than $500 of the Board’s money was involved, but mission funds to the
•extent o f $13,000 were swept away. A heavy loss falls upon the college
in its several departments, as endowment funds amounting to nearly $6,000
9 6 Madura Mission [Report
had been deposited with this firm. The W idows’ Aid Society had $3,333
involved in the failure.
STATION CENTERS
Madura Municipality, with its population of 106,000, is the headquarters
o f the mission. H ere reside the mission treasurer, the two physicians, the
lady superintendents o f Bible-women’s work and Hindu girls’ schools, and
the several principals o f the college, o f Capron Hall Girls’ School, and of
the L ucy P erry Noble Bible School.
Am ong the prominent buildings connected with the work are the two-
large hospitals, Indiana Hall, Capron Hall, the East Gate and W est Gate
churches, the high school building, and the new college hall in process o f
erection on a campus of eighteen acres in the northern section of the city.
These, with the various school buildings scattered in all parts of the city,,
are, with their sites, the property o f the Board, and constitute a most useful
plant for efficient work. W ithin their walls thousands gather daily to receive
instruction and training, or medical treatment, as the case may be.
Dindigul Municipality is thirty-eight miles north of Madura and contains-
25,182 people, 3,175 being Mussulmans and 3,947 Christians, Roman Catholic
and Protestant. It is an important center o f trade; and travel between
Madura and the north and west. The Christian community connected with
this station has increased by 851- in the last six years, and Mr. Jeffery
left it feeling that there was promise of further rapid growth. Three new
prayer houses and two brick churches have been erected, and one o f them,
costing 1,000 rupees, was built entirely at the expense of the people.
Tirumangalam is a town of 8,894 people, thirteen miles southwest o f
Madura. H ere in 1842 Dr. W illiam T racy started the seminary that grew
into the large institutions o f learning now established in Pasumalai and
M adura. It was in one o f the villages of this station that the first pastor
o f the mission w as ordained. It was in 1855, when the first deputation o f
the Board was present, and Dr. Anderson assisted in the ordination serv
ice. That church has seen other churches and strong congregations grow
up around it.
Pasumalai is the Christian settlement two and one-half miles from Madura,
containing the mission high, normal, and theological schools. The Chris
tians number 657. The settlement is situated at the foot o f the hill o f the
same name, consisting o f quartz rock and gravel, and from its base Madura
City receives gravel for macadamizing its streets. Here, too, is the mission
press that publishes two small papers, and sent forth last year 127,460 books
and tracts o f all kinds.
Periakulam Municipality is forty-nine miles north o f west from Madura
and contains 17,960 inhabitants. One of the workers first came in touch
with the mission in school. A s pupil, then as pupil-teacher, and then as
trained teacher, he grew into a realizing appreciation o f Christian truth,
and last year gladly made his confession of faith in Christ. W ith himself
were baptized his w ife and three children. Another and more striking illus
i9°7 ] Madura Mission 97
tration o f the progress of mission work comes from a village in the southern
part o f the station through Dr. T racy: “ Deacon Masilamoney was among
the very earliest converts, nearly sixty years ago. He was the only convert
in the village at first, but today there are none but Christians in the village.
His children and grandchildren to the number of forty-five are all Chris
tians, and are scattered in various places in the district. His funeral was
largely attended by Hindus and Mohammedans from neighboring villages,
who had known his life and character.” He died at the age of eighty-five.
Aruppukottai is a town of 23,633 people, though not yet organized into
a municipality. It is thirty miles south of Madura, and is a center of the
cotton district. H arvest festivals are an important feature of Christian
work here, as in other stations. O f this feature Mr. Perkins writes: “ To
a missionary it is distracting to the last degree to get up to speak in a
church crowded with a noisy congregation, on a platform almost hidden
with plantain leaves and covered with bags of rice, grains, and vegetables,
together with a number o f crowing and fighting chickens, a few bleating
lambs, and perhaps a pig or two, and this all in the intense heat of the
last of M arch or the first part o f April. But we must remember that the
Oriental is different from us, and it is not for us to lay down rules for
him to follow in order to be benefited by a religious service.”
Battalagundu is a village o f 10,665 people, thirty-three miles northwest
of Madura, and on the line o f travel between Dindigul and Madura on the
one side and Periakulam and the mountains on the other. The Christians
appreciate education, and many mission workers have come out of this
small station.
M elur is situated eighteen miles northeast of Madura and contains 10.100
people. This region is the terminus of the great Periyar Project, whereby
the land once arid is now irrigated by the water of the P eriyar River, 125
miles away among the western Ghats. The large population of this station
is distributed in 467 villages, and only twenty-seven of them have Christians
in them. It is a great field for work.
Palani Municipality is seventy-five miles northwest of Madura and con
tains 17,168 people. There is no resident missionary here at present. One
of its congregations has, in the interest of comity, been transferred to the
care o f the London Missionary Society, as it was situated in their district,
and was only cared for by our mission because that society had not until
recently been able to look after it.
Manamadura is a village of 5,032 inhabitants, thirty miles southeast of
Madura. It has been the scene of various reductions the past year. A
private dispensary that had done much good in previous years was closed
for want of funds; an experimental farm and industrial school were dis
continued for the same reason, and because of a change of policy on the
part o f government officials that affected the school and farm ; and the
missionary force has been reduced from two families to one. But progress
is shown in evangelistic and educational lines.
98 Madura Mission [Report
CHURCHES
One of the pastorates in Dindigul station added 106 to its membership;
one in Periakulam added 66; one in Aruppukottai, 59; and the Pasumalai
church added 51. The 35 churches increased their membership by 415, an
average o f nearly 12 for each church. Many of them had seasons o f special
blessing in the quickening of their spiritual life. In several of the stations
women taught in their homes by Bible-women have been received into the
church, one being a Brahman widow. In the mountains of Dindigul station
a man and w ife of a hill tribe have come into the church. Three Hindu
students and about 50 Christian students united with the church in Pasumalai
as the result o f the revival meetings. Not less than a hundred of the boys
testified to blessings received and to having realized a new spirit of
consecration.
There has been much activity among the Christians in preaching the
gospel and giving their offerings for that purpose. In a hamlet six miles
from Madura, where there is but one Christian family, the head of that
family has given half the cost of a new schoolhouse, and the Madura East
Gate Church has supplied the other half, besides paying half the running
expenses o f the school in order to have a center for teaching and preach
ing Bible truth.
In the Periakulam station a small band of those who in their childhood
had been sent to school by the late missionary, Mr. Noyes, together with their
families, have formed a society, called the Preaching Band of the Children
of Xoyes and Other Missionaries, which undertakes to spend one week
each year in itinerating and preaching among the Hindus at the expense
o f the band. T hey invite the assistance of their fellow-Christians, and
offer for ten rupees (three and one-third dollars) to conduct an itineracy
of seven days with ten workers. They receive more than this each year,
and have now printed a report o f their proceedings and finances entitled,
“ Grateful W ork for Christ in Memory of Former Foreign Missionaries.”
But the chief work of the Indian Christians of the mission is the Koiloor
Mission of the N ative Evangelical Society. Koiloor is a village in the
northern part o f the Dindigul station, containing 1,224 people, 704 of them
being Mohammedans and only 507 Hindus, the other 13 being Christians.
For its work in this region the society maintains an evangelist, a Bible-
woman, and two teachers. In- two years the workers have gathered a
Christian community o f 36. The Bible-woman is supported by the women
of the churches.
MEDICAL WORK
The sick, like the poor, are always with us, and there is no cessation
for medical work. The hospitals have done full work in treating thousands
o f cases, surgical and medical. The endowment fund for Dr. V an Allen’s
work amounts to $6,000. Dr. H arriet Parker has also received a liberal
g ift o f 1,000 rupees from a zemindar towards new quarters for the employees
of the woman’s hospital. One woman walked forty miles to get relief from
1907] Madura Mission 99
a constant irritation in one eye. It was easily relieved, but she had no idea
o f the cause o f her distress (grow ing eyelashes), and would have lost her
eye if not treated. The government civil surgeon visited the hospital and
wrote: “ I inspected the hospital today. There are 28 inpatients, and 82
outpatients were treated today. There is a large amount of good work
turned out here. The hospital was clean, and everything was in good order.”
But all the medical work is not confined to the hospitals nor to the
trained physicians. Many a worker is called upon in times of emergency
to treat the sick as best he can in the absence of medical assistants. In
Dindigul station, as reported by Mr. Jeffery, “ a fierce scourge of cholera
broke out in a village and raged for a month. From six to eight persons
were seized daily. The people were greatly terrified.” A Hindu magician
pretended to drive the disease away, but himself died the next day. “ The
catechist, on the other hand, became both doctor and nurse to the sufferers.
He got a good supply of medicines and fought the disease both night and
day. He treated 150 cases and lost only nine.” In an adjoining village there
were 200 deaths.
This same scourge attacked the high and normal schools at Pasumalai.
On its first appearance it spread so rapidly that the boys were all sent
home. Only one died, and the disease seemed to be eradicated. But later
on, when the boys returned, one of them brought the germs from his village.
This time the schools were not dismissed, and not less than fifty boys were
attacked. Four died at school, and three more at their homes. One was a
Hindu convert, and he bore such beautiful testimony to the saving power of
Christ, even while suffering the agonies of cholera, that later on his class
mates planted their class tree in memory of this James Rengappan. During
this epidemic neither love nor money could secure help from the many;
but the few unselfish ones gave themselves willingly to the dangerous work
o f nursing the sick. They had a noble example in the devoted and heroic
exertions of Mr. and Mrs. Miller, whereby lives were saved, and these
missionaries endeared themselves to the whole Christian community.
EDUCATION
The village schools are often the brightest centers of mission influence.
A n illustration of their worth is given by Mr. Elwood in writing o f the
Palani station. “ One school is gradually building up a congregation of
earnest, high caste, young men. Several already have been admitted to
the church, and more are ready to join. The question with some of the
boys in the school is not, ‘ Shall I pass the examination ? ’ but, ‘ Shall I become
a Christian ? ’ One boy for eight or nine years has suffered much for Christ’s
sake from his mother and brothers. He has been beaten much and starved,
sometimes not allowed to come into his house for weeks, and sometimes
locked in and not allowed to go out. A ll this, to say nothing o f the abusive
speech he has had to hear.”
A rbor D ay has been adopted by the girls o f Capron Hall and the boys
o f Pasumalai. A t Capron Hall each class planted a tree chosen and paid
I O O Ceylon Mission [Report
for by its own members. “ Exercises were held in the hall, and then all
marched from tree to tree singing a tree song. Each tree was given some
name historic in missionary work, such as Dr. F. E. Clark, Miss Child,
Mrs. Capron, Mrs. Chandler, Mrs. Rendall, etc. A s the gay procession
halted at each tree, a girl from the class which planted it told something
about it, and gave some account o f the person for whom it was named.”
The students o f Pasumalai in like manner entered into the spirit of the
day and made it an interesting occasion.
The mission college has com e'under the criticism of a commission of
the Madras U niversity because of its cramped quarters, lack o f hostel
accommodation, poorly furnished library, and meager equipment in general.
And yet the effort to secure an endowment has not thus far resulted in any
adequate gifts. In the meantime the Prudential Committee have been able
to add something to the appropriations for the college. This will increase
its efficiency as a second grade college, but we hope that an endowment will
yet be secured that w ill enable the mission to make it a college o f the first
grade. A new building is in process of erection, for which the corner stone
was laid by Sir A rthur Lawley, governor o f Madras.
The school for missionaries’ children at the Kodikanal sanitarium suf
fered financially by the failure o f Arbuthnot and Company, but the many
friends o f the school from among the missionaries that gathered there for the
hot season rallied to its support by holding a fair that netted 1,275 rupees,
and made up a large part of its loss. The school has been conducted most
efficiently by the principal, Miss Helen Case, b .a., a graduate o f the U ni
versity of Wisconsin.
T h e Madura Mission is in great need of more missionary workers. The
average number o f native workers to each missionary in all the missions
o f the Board is 7, whereas in this mission there are 17 native workers to
each missionary. This is partly due to the large force of native workers,
but more especially to the reduced number of missionaries. Further, the
average number o f Christians to each worker, native and foreign, in all
the Board’s missions is 14, whereas in this mission it is 29. The Prudential
Committee has indicated its willingness to send out additional missionaries
immediately, and it is to be hoped that they will soon be forthcoming.
CEYLON MISSION
V a d d u k k o d d a i .— (Batticotta.)
M a n e p a y .— Thomas B. Scott, m .d., Ordained; Mrs. M ary E. Scott, m .d., Miss Susan
R. Howland and M iss Julia E. Green, living at U d u v il; Miss Isabella H. Curr, m .d.,
Miss Zillah W . Scott-Patten, living at Inuvil.
T e l l i p p a l l a i . — James H. Dickson, Ordained; Mrs. Frances A. Dickson.U d u f p i d d i .—
On furlough.— Giles G. Brown, Ordained; Mrs. Clara L. Brown, Miss Helen I.
Root.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— W . E. Hitchcock and Mrs.
H attie Houston Hitchcock, and Mr. and Mrs. Louis B. Fritts.
Ceylon Mission IOI
Four stations; 33 outstations; 3 ordained missionaries, of whom one is a physician;
3 wives, of whom one is a physician; 4 single women, of whom one is a physician and
one a nurse; total number of American missionaries, 10. There are 12 ordained native
pastors; 17 unordained preachers; 361 teachers; 21 Bible-women; 19 other native
laborers; total native helpers, 430. The 18 organized churches, 17 of which are entirely self-supporting, have a membership of 1,922; 108 were received into the church on
profession of faith during the year. There are 44 places of regular meeting, and the
congregations average 2,063. The 63 Sunday schools have 3,413 pupils enrolled. The mission has 1 theological school, which has been closed this y e a r; 1 college, with 84
students; 2 boarding and high schools, with 96 boys and 221 girls; 128 other schools,
with 7,390 boys and 2,818 girls enrolled, making a grand total o f 10,609 under Christian
instruction. The mission has 2 hospitals and 3 dispensaries, where 1,084 patients were
cared for and 7,840 treatments given; 2,100,000 pages o f literature were printed on
the mission press. Total contributions from native sources for the support of the
Christian work amounted to 24,430.69 rupees, or $8,143.58.
During the past year Miss Root has come home for her regular furlough.
Miss Scott-Patten, a trained nurse, has been appointed an assistant in the
hospital at Inuvil, and has recently gone out. Since the resignation of Mr.
Hastings from Jaffna College no president has been found, consequently the
theological department has been closed during the year. Mr. and Mrs.
Bicknell are unable to return on account of the health of Mrs. Bicknell.
PREFACE
The past year has been one of change and stress both in the mission
and in the country. The country is passing through a time of want, though
not actual famine, which is most unusual, and seems to have resulted largely
from two successive crop failures and the high prices o f imported rice,
upon which Jaffna so largely depends. In some places conditions very nearly
approaching famine exist, and the government has been obliged to give some
assistance to the villagers. In spite o f this fact the contributions from
local sources have been normal.
102 Ceylon Mission [Report
There is a feature o f work in Jaffna which is but recent in active
development— a growing nationalism— an assertion of the right to rule
and authority as belonging of right to the people of the country. This
feeling is rapidly making itself felt in mission circles, and proposals or
schemes urged by the missionaries are meeting more and more suspicion
and opposition upon grounds which have their root in this development o f
national life. It seems abundantly evident that the immediate future has
problems in store that w ill need not merely tact on the human side, but
a spirit o f humility and self-effacement, of willingness to suffer even igno
miny and insult where cordial brotherhood should be expected, which will
be new to missionary experience in Jaffna. These conditions, however, are
a direct result o f mission w ork,— of an awakening life which missionaries
should be the last to oppose.
During ten months of the year a special evangelist was at work, sup
ported largely by gifts of missionaries, over 300 out of the 500 rupees ex
pended being contributed by members of the mission. The Tamil people did
not contribute as it was hoped they would, and the effort was brought to a
close because the funds to carry it on were exhausted. There were 110
conversions, though much good was done.
Another feature o f the year’s work is the increasing energy with which
the Salvation A rm y is prosecuting its work in this district. In two of the
churches the results are serious. Their support is secured largely by direct
solicitation of aid from the Christians who believe that they need charity.
A large number entered the churches on profession of faith this year.
The number reached 108, and brings the total membership up to 1,922.
VADDUKKODDAI
The work o f this station includes that carried on by the five churches
at different points. The church at Vaddukkoddai has its own committee,
pays the salary o f the catechist and all other expenses as a separate con
gregation, and has given 100 rupees for the work on the church building,
which is now nearly completed. The pastor has taken up some new meth
ods, and has got the people to work more than before. He conducts the
morning service in the church, but in the afternoon holds meetings in
various places at a distance from the church, leaving the evening service to
be conducted by different members, mostly by the college teachers. The
women began the plan of going in the afternoon to talk with their heathen
neighbors, and to hold meetings for them at some house, and lately the work
has been taken up by the men, who go out, two or three together; and so
all the different quarters are visited. Eleven have joined the church this
year on profession of faith, and there are ten more in the inquirers’ class.
In K aradive there has unfortunately been a division in the church, and
there has seemed to be but little spiritual life. The committee of the Ceylon
Congregational Church met with the church and came to the conclusion
that it would be desirable to have a change in the pastorate, and at the end
of the year the pastor accepted a call to another place. He had been here
1907] Ceylon Mission
for fifteen years, and it is very sad that the last year should be marked by
disunion.
Pungudutive has a new pastor, and the outlook is hopeful. Here there
was an instance o f the new plan of baptizing an inquirer without receiv
ing her into full membership, but as a member on probation. This field is
under the charge of the Native Evangelical Society, and the preacher is
asked to visit also the island of D elft, as they have now no catechist sta
tioned there. The people o f these island places are mostly ignorant, and the
field is therefore a difficult one.
The Changanai church is united and harmonious, but most of them are
poor, and the preacher’s salary is constantly in arrears. In addition to the
morning service on Sundays, a prayer meeting is held in the evening at
which the preacher alternates between the meeting in the church and another
at the schoolhouse in a fisher village. The men who are resident members
are few, but the women are quite active in carrying on Christian work
among their neighbors.
The Moolai church is the smallest in the mission, the membership having
become reduced to 15. There was a proposal to disband the church, taking
the members into the Vaddukkoddai church; but the members wished to keep
up their organization, and an effort was made to raise the money required
to pay the new preacher and to make needed repairs. The prospect is much
brighter than a year ago. One was admitted to the church this year on
profession of faith.
In all the churches the main reliance for support is on the school-teachers,
whose salaries are paid regularly month by month. The independent mem
bers are few, and do not generally pay a tithe o f their income to the church,
as the teachers do. On the whole the year has been one of many discour
agements, but with some bright rays.
JAFFN A COLLEGE
E arly in the year Mr. Hastings was obliged to resign, and the college
has been looking for his successor in vain. Last year a decrease o f 15 in
the attendance at the college was reported. This year we must report a
further decrease of nearly 30 in the general attendance of the year, the
numbers averaging 79.
The college has not maintained its numbers, owing mostly to the change
from Calcutta to Madras, for in the Madras examinations the percentage
of passes has been very low, and so boys fear to fail and wish to take up the
Cambridge local examinations, in which they may fail in one subject and
still pass if they succeed in three. Those who failed in the Calcutta f .a . or
b .a . could not come back into the next class, as that class had done a year’s
work on texts that were all new to those who had been following the
Calcutta course. So, while there were 96 at the beginning of the year, there
were only 74 at its close.
A t the university examinations in March, 8 passed the entrance. 6 the
f .a . and 3 the b .a . examination. This was encouraging on the whole, though
104 Ceylon Mission [Report
it was expected more would pass the b .a . In the last two years over 2,000
rupees was spent on books and apparatus, and while at hom e,M r. Hastings
procured an organ costing over $100 by obtaining donations for it. The reli
gious interest was greatly quickened by the visit o f Mr. G. S. Eddy and
Rev. F. Kingsbury, o f India, the first o f September, and ten conversions
resulted from it. S ix united with the church during the year.
Bible-women.— Five women have worked as Bible-women here this year,
and good results are reported. One woman has worked regularly in the
distant village o f Naranthanai, where she and her husband are the only
Christians.
MANEPAY
Evangelistic W ork.— One of the significant events of the year in con
nection with the churches was the change of pastor in three of the five
churches. Rev. W . P. S. Nathaniel, for twenty-five years pastor o f the
Manepay church, resigned to take charge o f Alaveddi church. Rev. C. D.
Valuppillai, for twelve years pastor at Pandaterrippo, accepted a call to
Manepay church. Good work has been done in the N avaly church, but
the missionaries deplore the tendency, now ver}’- strong, to call the Salva
tion Arm y to work in the field. It is apparent that the splendid work done
by the members of the church form erly is now being delegated to the
Salvation Arm y workers, with discouraging results.
Rev. S. Eliatamby conducted a series of special evangelistic services
in three of the churches for about ten days in each. The interest at one
or two places was marked, but at Manepay was broken by reason of a spe
cial mission by evangelists from India to Jaffna. A s a result of the work
he reports several cases of children testifying to a desire to become Chris
tians in the several districts. There have been no conversions, though the
Christiáns were temporarily aroused.
In N avaly church testimony was freely given by the best Christian work
ers as to the value o f his work, and expression was given to the opinion
that it was worth while to make it a permanent work. But general opinion
did not support it, nor did funds allow it to be continued longer than ten
months of the year.
Educational W ork .— W ith the transfer of Pandaterrippo to this district
the amount of educational work to be supervised has been considerably
augmented. There are '2 English schools and 27 primary vernacular schools.
On the whole, the educational work done by these schools has been satis
factory, although there are weak spots to be strengthened. W e regret to
say that the results o f Bible instruction have been unsatisfactory. The
report says: “ W e require some assistance to be given beyond the grant
earned by the school from the government if we are to succeed in the teach
ing of Scriptures. A s the income of the school goes to the salary o f the
teacher, he very naturally takes special interest in that which increases his
salary, to the neglect o f the religious instruction o f his pupils. This is not
true o f all, but is so generally true that it is a cause o f great regret. M ore
over, the impossibility of the missionary’s visiting these schools deprives
1907] Ceylon Mission
the teacher of a great incentive to do his best in this direction. It is imper
ative that some relief be found for this situation, if the opportunity is not
to be lost and future work in this direction crippled.”
Medical W ork.— Almost the whole medical work of the mission lies in
this district. The M cLeod Hospital at Inuvil was closed in August, 1905,
when Dr. Curr went on furlough, and not opened till after December 15
of 1906. W hen the year opened Dr. T. T . Thomson was still with the
mission, but early in February he received notice of his permanent appoint
ment to Jammalamadufu under the London Missionary Society, and with
the close of the month he left for India. His work was much appreciated
by the mission and by the public, to whom his ready and unfailing sympathy
was unsparingly given.
The evangelistic work of the hospital was carried on most enthusiastic
ally, and the spirit was in every w ay desirable. Through the whole day
Bible work was done, closing with a prayer service at eight p .m . This latter
service was begun at the suggestion of one of the Tamil workers, whose
time through the day was otherwise largely occupied. The simple prayer
for blessing on the patients through the night was a help to many. Even
the non-Christians appreciated it.
Most gratifyin g changes in public sentiment with regard to the hospital
are apparent. The inpatients last year far exceeded those of any previous
year, numbering 1,084. The largest number in ward at any single date was
66. Some progress is reported in the attitude of the people towards major
surgery, and in all cases so treated there were good results. The dispensary
cases, or outpatients, amount to 7,140. This is the largest number recorded
since the beginning in 1893.
Girls’ Boarding School, Uduvil.— The school year closed in March with
the government grant-in-aid examination of the vernacular department.
One hundred and ten pupils were presented for this examination. The last
two days of the term were given up to special meetings, aided by Mr. Eddy
and two Christian workers who came with him from India. Forty-eight
pupils from the vernacular and English schools have united with the church
during the year. The senior class in the vernacular school has numbered
24, a larger number than usual to graduate. Some of the girls go back to
heathen homes and are sorry that their school life is ended. They need
the prayers o f all, that they may have courage to overcome the temptations
and trials which will come to them, and be faithful witnesses for Christ.
Girls’ English School, Uduvil.— This year has been full of hard work
and also very full of encouragement and blessing. In January the new
scheme of grading and class arrangement was commenced. This cut the
school off from government aid, and entailed more work for teachers and
principal, but looked at from the viewpoint of the girls’ progress and
pleasure it is a great success. W ith the adoption of the new system, the
attendance began to increase at once, so that actually the school is as well
off financially without the grant as with it.
The work of the training school department has been interesting, but
not so extensive as at some times. There have been 14 students divided
io6 Ceylon Mission [Report
among the three years of the course. They went up to the government
examination in August, and 3 o f them will receive second class and 4 third
class teachers’ certificates to teach.
The 12 Bible-women have all come together in the monthly meeting for
Bible study, prayer, and praise. These Bible-women are, as a rule, earnest
and faithful w orkers; some of them are very superior women. The religious
work in the school is always deeply interesting.
TELLIPPALLAI, UDUPPIDDI, AND CHAVAKACHCHERRI
The Churches.— The report o f the churches for the year does not present
any remarkable features, but good, steady work has been done. During
ten months of the year the special evangelist was at work, visiting the
major portion of this field, but, contrary to an earnest expectation, no direct
conversions resulted, and these extensive efforts do not seem to have had
any appreciable results except to stir up the churches for a season. W hat
ever the cause, direct evangelistic work meets with small response in Jaffna.
This is in part due to the fact that the effort is spasmodic and irregular.
The executive work is so large and the force so small that direct evangel
istic work by the missionaries seems almost impossible. It is of small use
for them to urge the agents to work, while they seldom or never show by
example that they believe in the urgency of direct, house to house, personal
contact with the people. The judgment of the Deputation of 1901 was that
there was no field of the Board so open for evangelistic work, and yet
none so lacking in effort in that direction.
The work of Tellippallai church has been revolutionized since the com
ing of the new pastor. E very department has been vivified; Sunday schools
are conducted in five centers around Tellippallai, and regular services in
three centers on Sunday afternoon. There is a definite attempt to reach
out beyond the more formal services of the church. The finances are
prospering. The pastor is regularly and promptly paid, and the church is
accumulating a fund for church repair which now amounts to 400 rupees.
The work of North and South Erlaly churches, particularly the former,
has been seriously interfered with during the year under review by the
Salvation Arm y. Ten or twelve members o f the church have left the
church and attached themselves to this new venture.
The spirit o f the church at Uduppiddi is most praiseworthy; in the
face o f serious inroads on their income, due to the transfer of the boarding
school to Uduvil, they have not only met their usual budget promptly, but
have increased the pastor’s salary by 5 rupees.
In October the newly erected English school at Achm aly was set on fire
during a high wind. The building was only 30 or 35 feet from the church,
and all the other buildings in the compound would have gone had the
church caught fire. The fire was confined to the school building, involving
a loss of over $100. The cause o f the incendiarism seems to have been dis
satisfaction with the choice o f the new pastor on the part o f the heathen
relatives o f one o f the candidates. Incendiarism is becoming disagreeably
frequent as a means o f expressing disapproval over disappointed plans.
D uring the year one of the schools in the Uduppiddi district was totally
destroyed to force the resignation of the teacher, and the Uduppiddi English
School was saved from destruction only because there was no wind, and
timely help arrived.
The Normal School.— This school, which' is the sole source of supplying
teachers for the 128 schools, with more than 10,000 children, has had an
average year. The number of students is less than in previous years because
the school has never recovered from the caste trouble two years ago, which
was referred to at length last year. It is becoming increasingly difficult to
secure candidates for this school because all the bright boys learn English,
and the school is able to get only the very poor boys who have no money,
and whose whole expense has to be met. The trouble is that the salaries
paid the vernacular teachers are so very small that it is impossible for
them to make ends meet unless they have some other iron in the fire. Seven
o f the boys joined the church during the year, and there are several others
earnestly inquiring after salvation. The buildings have all been put in
thorough repair, and the staff of teachers is an efficient one and calculated
to exercise a wise and strong influence over the students. It is a source of
sincere gratitude that with rare exceptions every graduate of this school
is a professing Christian.
The Mission Press.— This department has closed a year of very success
fu l work. It is now three and a half years since the establishment of the
press, and it can fairly be said that the purpose of its reestablishment has
been achieved, and an efficient arm of mission service is once more vivified
and capable of excellent results. Eighteen men are employed, and 2,100,000
pages of literature were printed during the year. The press -does a good
deal of legal work, which pays a good profit and goes a great way to put
the press on a paying basis, entirely independent of any mission aid.
1907] Foochow Mission 107
FOOCHOW MISSION
F o o c h o w .— Lyman P. Peet, Lewis Hodous, Ordained; George M. Newell, Teacher;
Mrs. Caroline K. Peet, Mrs. Anna J. Hodous, Mrs. Mary R. Newell, Miss Kate C.
Woodhull, m . d . , Miss Hannah C. Woodhull, Miss Emily S. Hartwell.F o o c h o w S u b u r b s . — G. Milton Gardner, Ordained; Hardman N. Kinnear, m .d.,
Physician; Mrs. M ary J. Gardner, Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear, Miss Ella J. Newton, Miss
Elsie M. Garretson, Miss Alice U. Hall, Miss Ruth P. Ward.P a g o d a A n c h o r a g e . — George H. Hubbard, Ordained; Henry T. Whitney, m .d.,
Physician; Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard, Mrs. Lurie A. Whitney, Mrs. Hannah L. Hart
well, Miss Harriet L. Osborne, Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins.I n g —h o k .— Edward H. Smith, Ordained; Mrs. Grace W. Smith, Miss Caroline E.
Chittenden, Miss Em ily D. Smith, m .d .
S h a o - w u . — Charles L. Storrs, Jr., Ordained; Edward L. Bliss, m.d.,, Physician;
Mrs. Minnie B. Bliss, Miss Lucy P. Bement, m .d ., Miss Frances K. Bement, Miss Grace
I. Funk.In this country.— Joseph E. Walker, d .d . , George W. Hinman, Ordained; Mrs.
Kate F. Hinman, Miss Josephine C. Walker, Miss Jean Brown, Miss Martha S. Wiley,
Miss Minnie Stryker, m .d .
io 8 Foochow Mission [Report
Five stations; 104 outstations; 8 ordained missionaries; 3 physicians; 1 teacher;
10 w ives; 19 single women, four of them physicians; 10 native pastors; 77 other native
preachers; 109 native teachers; 64 Bible-women; 44 other native workers; 144 places
of regular m eeting: average congregations, 3,628; 80 churches, 11 entirely self-sup- porting: 2,825 members, 201 received on confession this year; 66 Sunday schools:
1,728 pupils; 2 theological schools: 9 students; 2 colleges: 68 students: 8 boarding
and high schools: 496 pupils, 187 of them girls; 101 common schools: 1,569 pupils,
425 o f them girls; 2 hospitals: 239 patients; 4 dispensaries: 25,176 treatm ents; native
contributions for Christian work, $5,048.59; for education, $5,362.64: total, $10,411.23-
Miss Ruth P. W ard and Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins have been appointed
to this mission during the past year and are already on the field. Miss
i 9°7] Foochow Mission
W ard is the third of former Treasurer Langdon S. W ard’s children to enter
the service of the Board.
A fter a long furlough Miss Garretson is returning to her work at Pona-
sang. Dr. W alker, Mr. and Mrs. Hinman, Miss W alker, Miss W iley, and
M iss Dr. Stryker have come to the country for regular furloughs. Miss
Brown is still detained in this country.
The Deputation to China was able to look over the Foochow field in a
-somewhat thorough manner, including a trip to the inland station of Shao-wu.
A ll problems connected with the work were thoroughly discussed. The
missionaries feel that great help has been given them, and that they are
better prepared than ever to press on the work in a vigorous, aggressive way.
The annual report presented this year is drawn largely from facts
contained in the general letter from the mission, prepared by Mr. Hinman.
Last year was a jubilee year in the Foochow Mission. F ifty years ago
the first convert was baptized by Mr. Hartwell, and only a few months
later the first church building at Ponasang (now the Dudley Memorial) was
•erected. The growth of the church membership to over 3,000 at the present
time, with a Christian community o f nearly 10,000, and 2,500 regularly
receiving Christian instruction in mission schools, gives special cause for
jubilation, and puts all into the spirit of the centenary year of missions just
•celebrated by the great conference at Shanghai.
In looking over the whole field one feels that much of the work must
be the same year after year, as the foundation of all success, but each year
■certain peculiarly encouraging or interesting developments of the work
come to attention and justify special mention. The visit of the Deputation
from the W oman’s Board of the Interior last spring was most helpful in
the encouragement it brought to both foreign and native workers in the
■assurance of intelligent sympathy and the promise of speedy reenforcements.
The annual meeting of the mission, at which the helpers from the whole
field except Shao-wu are gathered together, was of unusual interest. A d
dresses on vital questions in the Chinese churches were given by the native
pastors, and indicated a growing spiritual consciousness among the Chris
tians. A most remarkable outpouring of the ’ Holy Spirit was that in con
nection with the Shao-wu annual meeting, in which a blind preacher from
the China Inland Mission seemed to be the instrument of God’s abundant
grace. The beginning of a closer fellowship with the great student body
in Foochow and an influence over them was foreshadowed in the gathering
-of 1,200 students from 24 schools in Foochow at a Young Men’s Christian
Association meeting in the court o f Foochow College. A feature o f the
Christmas celebrations in all the churches this year was a special service
for women, and a strong effort to bring in the families of church members,
instead o f a single man for a family. The beginning of work for the Man-
chus in some of the chapels and the placing of Bible-women as teachers
in official families are new features which promise much for a widening
■of influence.Foochow .— Tw o of the churches connected with this station have made
much progress during the year toward securing buildings; in one case $400
n o Foochow Mission [Report
was subscribed, and in the other nearly $2,000 was raised by the church
members and foreign friends, which will be used toward the erection of the
H artwell Memorial Church. In many of the churches the spiritual life
has kept pace with and outstripped the material progress. Many Manchus,
a class difficult to reach and hitherto almost untouched, have been interested
in the work of one of the churches; and in one of the churches an evangel
istic band has done good work in the neighboring villages on Sunday after
noons. The number o f additions to the churches was small this year, the
requirements for admission having been raised and the churches being more
careful in admitting members.
The previous ten years have been years of extension, in which the church
has grown rapidly in numbers, but not so rapidly in the truth and in char
acter. N ow with the eye of the public fixed upon it, and a new conception
of spiritual truth stirring within it, the church is purifying itself and grow
ing in grace and holiness. This is the preparation for larger conquests in
the future. In the past few years there has been marked development in
prayer, both public and private. This year the Prayer Union was organized
among the Chinese, and several hundred have enrolled their names. The
evangelistic band, to which many of the church members belong, continued
its work on Sunday afternoons throughout the year.
Tw o meetings for deacons were held, in which the duties o f deacons were
discussed and the fellowship o f the churches promoted. The preachers of
the station held a regular monthly meeting to discuss the problems that they
have to face. These meetings were very helpful in uniting the work of the
station. The preachers have very generally given their support to the
numerous public benefit societies recently organized, which have for their
object teaching o f the people against idolatry and superstition, foot-binding,
and the use of opium. Many of the best men have had excellent opportu
nities as lecturers on reform by invitation of those entirely without the
church. The appeal for the famine sufferers in Kiangsu province has stirred
the churches deeply.
Never before have there been such changes in the primary educational
system of China. There are now about fifty schools o f primary grade in
Foochow in which there is a real advance in the character of the teachers,
their methods, and the text-books employed. Mr. Hodous has striven to
make the day schools o f the city station keep pace with the development
going on around them. More attention has been paid to equipment and
curriculum, and the new graded schools are securing better results in the
preparation of students for Foochow College. There were fourteen schools
in the station. The pupils o f the school come together Sunday afternoons
for study of the Bible, led by the students o f Foochow College.
The higher educational work of the station has been carried on by Mr.
Hodous, in charge of the theological seminary, and Mr. Hinman, in charge
o f the college, and an efficient staff o f Chinese teachers, seventeen in all.
The usual studies of the theological course were given, and a large amount
o f effective Christian work was carried on by the students. Evangelistic
meetings were held every Thursday evening in a chapel maintained by the
1907] Foochow Mission 11 r
college and seminary students. The close relationship with the college is
influencing the class of students entering the seminary. Since this was con
summated five college graduates have graduated also from the seminary,
and several will enter from the present graduating class.
Foochow College has maintained its influence and the number of its
students, notwithstanding the great development of the government system
o f education. For thorough work in teaching and for high ideals of intel
lectual and moral education the student classes still look to the mission
schools. The number enrolled was 262, 39 in the college course.
The religious work of the school has been unusually strong and helpful,
although there has been no special revival season. Daily chapel exercises,
under the lead o f consecrated Chinese teachers and preachers from the
neighboring churches, are a tremendous molding influence on the large num
bers of boys that come to the college without any previous acquaintance
with Christianity. The evangelistic band has taught the Sunday school
lesson to 400 each Sabbath. A unique gathering was the meeting of students
from twenty-four of the schools of Foochow in the college compound. No
room was large enough to hold the crowds who came, and never before had
such a gathering been possible. It was a joy and surprise to all, as an
evidence of the possibilities of the college in influencing, not only the large
number of students, but the whole educational world of Foochow, which
could scarcely be touched by Christian truth in any other way. The impor
tance of so strengthening the college by adequate endowment and a sufficient
force of teachers that it can meet these wonderful new opportunities can
not be too strongly emphasized. Eight students graduated this year, three
from the English course and five from the Chinese. The great-grandson
of Commissioner Lin, who destroyed the opium at Canton in 1836, the super
intendent o f all the government schools at Foochow, was present at the
commencement exercises and gave a cordial address.
The press has supplied a large amount of Christian literature during the
year, the most notable achievement being the completion of the Bible in
Romanized, with references, which meets a great need in the teaching of
the women.
Miss Hartwell and Miss W iley have been able to do an unusual amount
of visiting in the homes, and this year have had exceptional opportunities
to enter and begin work in official families and among the Manchu women,
hitherto untouched by our work. The door of opportunity into this work
for women through the college, and the wonderful fruitfulness of the
work, is very manifest. The Bible-woman’s training school enrolled 28
women and 25 children.The woman’s hospital has had a very successful year’s work. Changes
in the charge for inpatients and the method of boarding them has not dimin
ished the number. Dr. Stryker has made a long tour in the Diong-loh field
and held clinics in 11 chapels, besides conducting the regular work o f the
hospital, which included 11,037 treatments, of which 1,372 were eye cases.
A site has been selected for the new hospital large enough to provide for all
the woman’s work in the same compound.
112 Foochow Mission [Report
Ponasang.— A t this station most encouraging results are to be noticed
in the growth of the churches, especially in the way o f spiritual development.
The church members at the Upper Bridge are continuing their efforts to
secure the funds for a new chapel. One man gave half his year’s salary
toward the fund, and another the whole of his rice harvest.
The day school problem is becoming more difficult on account o f the
development of the government system of primary education. It “is increas
ingly necessary that our schools should be well equipped and carefully
superintended so that Christian truth may be given to the children in the
very beginning o f their education. Under Miss Newton’s care there have
been 5 station classes, with 29 women studying the Bible.
There have been 30 pupils in the college and 64 in the preparatory school
for women. The religious spirit, as well as the intellectual progress o f the
pupils, was very gratifying. The girls in the preparatory school have had
a large share in the various activities o f the evangelistic band, and 3 o f them
have joined the church.
Ing-hok.— Most encouraging growth and strengthening o f the work in
the Ing-hok field has characterized the past year. It has been necessary to
refuse many opportunities, but all o f the 13 preachers in their chapels have
done faithful and self-sacrificing work, with excellent results. T he most
marked progress has been at Sungkau, where the church has been reorgan
ized. Pastor L in g has been of the greatest assistance to Mr. Smith in super
vising the work and in touring through the district. Tw ice during the year
tours are made through the whole field, and the work is most delightful
and rewarding. The number o f preachers is quite inadequate for the work
o f the station, and the funds are insufficient to supply their actual needs at
this time, when famine prices are prevailing everywhere. The w ives o f the
preachers are among the most effective workers, and the number o f women
coming into the churches during the last few years is one o f the most encour
aging features o f the work. In spite o f the prejudice against women being
seen in the streets, the work of the Bible-women has steadily grown in
extent and usefulness.
The boys’ boarding school has grown in numbers and in the quality of
the work done. A ll but five o f the 35 boys in the school were sons of
Christians. The influence o f the school as a pattern for the w ork of the
two government schools at Ing-hok has been most helpful.
The girls’ preparatory school remained till the end of the year at the
outstation of Gak-liang. B y the end of the summer the new building was
partly finished, when a severe storm wrecked it and made it necessary to
rebuild almost entirely, causing a delay of six months in getting into the
building.
A fte r three years o f work it has been possible to secure the deeds of
the land for the woman’s hospital and physician’s residence— a commanding
site acc'essible to all parts o f the city. The number o f dispensary patients
has been 1,960, an increase o f 600 over the previous year, and a larger pro
portion of them were women. The attendance o f patients at the church
1907] Foochow Mission
services was appreciably increased, and some work was done in visiting in
patients’ homes.
Pagoda Anchorage.— Mr. Hubbard reports that preaching and teaching
were carried on in 31 different places. A t 17 centers communion services
were held each quarter, and 30 were received on confession. Quarterly
meetings have been held with the pastors, preachers, and teachers of the
Diong-loh and Pagoda Anchorage fields, in which special Bible study, the
discussion of methods of church work, and the history of Congregationalism
have been means of strengthening the efficiency of the workers. The work
has progressed in all places, though there have been discouraging and d if
ficult conditions, due to the materialism and indifference of the people. The
curse of opium has been felt in many of the villages, where Christians and
mission helpers have to suffer on account o f the indulgence of their relatives
in this aw ful habit.
The day schools, numbering 22, enrolled 83 girls and 350 boys. Five of
them were taught by women. The Ten Commandments, the Lord’s Prayer,
and many texts are taught to the scholars in the day schools, and it is hoped
that by means o f the Romanized, instead of the difficult classical character
schoolbooks, much more may be given to the scholars in their elementary
studies.
A ll the women of the training school were present at a woman's con
ference held at Diong-loh in the spring, and after that Mrs. Hubbard and
Miss W orthley made a special evangelistic tour of the field. Eight Bible-
women have been at work. One of these has been the means of opening
up a new village some miles from her home. It is to the station classes
that the woman’s school must look for its pupils, and from the woman’s
school must come the trained workers for women.
In the Diong-loh field there were 19 additions to the church membership,
and a very marked growth in spiritual life among preachers and people
through the work of the Revival Society. In one very difficult place the
preacher is having great success with a night school, in which he has gath
ered 30 of the street boys. The girls’ school seems to be growing steadily
in popularity. Sixty-five were enrolled from 35 villages in this district.
The teachers are untiring in their religious instruction, and 4 of the pupils
have entered the church. Thirteen women have been engaged in special
evangelistic work for women, and three new classes have been organized
in needy villages where no work has yet been done for women.
Shdo-wu.— The fall in the price of gold has reduced over ten per cent
the amount paid the preachers and teachers, and with the increased cost of
living expenses the year has been a trying one at this station. The churches
are steadily increasing their contributions toward the preachers’ salaries,
but they cannot keep pace with the rise in the price of silver and food stuffs.
The native force includes 3 pastors, 27 preachers, and 5 colporters. A t
the annual meeting of the Chinese workers this year the presence of Mr.
Hodous and Mr. Beard (the latter now connected with Young Men’s Chris
tian Association work at Foochow) added much to the interest of the occa
i i 4 South China Mission [Report
sion. The leading parts taken by these friends, the searching discourses of
Mr. Huang, and the presence o f the blind preacher from H o-k’on brought
a concentration of power upon the workers, and helped the work forward.
The main body o f workers assembled found themselves passing through
religious experiences that were new and startling. The effect on the morale
o f the pupils in the boys’ boarding school was very good, and better work
is expected on the part of all the laborers the coming year.
The three great centers of work here are Shao-wu, Kien-ning City, and
Iong-k’en. D uring the year there has been special religious interest at each
of these points. A t Iong-k’en there were monthly revival meetings held in
connection with the Methodist preachers stationed there. There was also
street preaching in the evening.
A recent addition to the work of the station is the ordering, receiving,
and distributing of Christian periodicals. There are now eleven points in
this field which can be reached by imperial post, and eight different Chinese
Christian periodicals have been ordered and sent to various parts o f the
country.
Five colporters of the Bible Society o f Scotland have been working under
the care of the station. The sales have not come quite up to those o f former
years, as the local desire for Christian literature has waned somewhat, the
field has been, in a measure, gone over, and the m ajor part of those wishing
to buy have done so.
The tone of the boys’ school has been excellent. The work of the Young
Men’s Christian Association was most helpful, and four groups of the school
boys were in the habit o f holding street meetings in various parts of the
city on Sunday afternoons.
The East Gate dispensary was kept open during the summer, and had
the largest attendance since medical work began. The number o f patients
in the hospital numbered 65, and there were 9,349 dispensary treatments and
245 house visits.
SOUTH CHINA MISSION
H o n g K o n g .— Charles R. Hager, m .d., Ordained; Mrs. Marie v. R. Hager.
C a n t o n .— Charles A. Nelson, Ordained.
On the way out.— Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson, Miss Edna Lowrey, Miss Vida Lowrey.
Two stations? 42 outstations; 2 ordained missionaries, one a physician; 2 w ives;
2 single wom en; 3 native pastors; 38 other native preachers; 38 native teachers;
7 Bible-women; 43 places o f regular meeting; 3 churches: 4,000 communicants, 537
added on confession this y e a r ; 4. Sunday schools: 300 pupils; 2 students for the min
istry; 1 girls’ boarding school: 44 pupils; 33 other schools: 581 pupils; native contri
butions, $3,582 (silver).
Mrs. Nelson is returning to the mission after a brief but much needed
rest in this country. Miss Edna and Miss V ida Low rey have been appointed
to meet the long-felt want o f single ladies for this mission field.
Though the Deputation did not have time to visit each outstation con
nected with this mission, they spent some time at Canton and H ong Kong,
1907] South China Mission
studying the problems at each place and giving wise and helpful counsel.
The mission also has been greatly favored in the visit paid by Drs. Creegan
and Hitchcock, who spent some days at each of the two stations.
Representatives of different mission boards have formed a body in Can
ton, called the Robert Morrison Committee. This committee hopes to raise
$100,000 with which to erect a Young Men’s Christian Association building,
to be called the Morrison Memorial. They have received much encourage
ment thus far in their efforts. Mr. Nelson is a member of this committee.
Canton.— The prospects at the opening of the year 1906 were none too
bright in Canton from an evangelistic point of view. The place which had
been rented for thirteen years as a chapel had to be given up, as the owner
wanted it. It was not deemed wise to rent another place and go on in the
old way. There was not enough money in hand to buy, but after consulta
tion and prayer it was decided to do so, and “ trust that the Lord would
raise up friends.” Christians from other denominations in Canton came to
the rescue, a large g ift was sent from America to aid in the erection of
the new building, and on July 14 the dedicatory services were held, with
about 500 present. There are ten electric lights in the building, and evening
meetings are held three times a week. In securing this permanent site it
is felt that a step has been taken which will strengthen the work of the past
thirteen years. Tw elve were received into the church the first half of the
year.
The Christian Chinese in California coming from the region of Lam
Lin have given $1,000 toward a new church building there. Five hundred
dollars more was promised, but before it could be gathered and sent came
the earthquake and fire in San Francisco, and the brethren there wrote
saying they were not able at present to give the money.
The Bible Depot has been opened as usual for the sale of books. Last
year 870 Gospel portions and 3,945 tracts were sold.
Hong Kong .— The year at this station has been trying in some respects.
Several times the city has been swept by typhoons, and there has been much
sickness. The increase in the number of pupils in the schools shows that
in this part of China, also, the people are awaking from the sleep of cen
turies, and are learning something of W estern ideas and modes of thought.
Dr. H ager has made 13 journeys into the interior, covering more than
7,000 miles. There are 43 different places where preaching is carried on,
and these are visited quarterly by the missionary. Six new points have
been opened this year, and more than a hundred received into the churches.
There has been a large increase in native contributions. Hoi In has
cared for itself for the past three years. The church at Hong Kong sup
ports itself and also the preachers at two outstations. Some of the out-
stations are on the eve of self-support and only need a little more wise
leading and urging to reach that point in the near future. The California
Chinese M issionary Society provides for the work in four places.
D uring the past four years Mrs. Nelson has had charge of the Ruth
Norton Girls’ School, and has built it up until it has attained a high rank
i i 6 North China Mission [Report
among the schools for girls in South China. In Mrs. Nelson’s absence in
this country Miss Bankes, temporarily living in Canton, has taken charge of
the school, and Mr. Nelson has taught several classes.
A t the opening of the school this year more than a hundred were refused
admission for lack o f room. The school seats forty-four and has room for
thirty-two boarding pupils. One of the great trials has been lack o f room
to receive many who wish tp come and are w illing to pay all their expenses.
These girls come from the country districts, from M acao and H ong Kong,
as well as Canton. Am ong its pupils this year have been two nieces of
Minister W u T in g Fang.
NORTH CHINA MISSION
T i e n t s i n (i860).— Charles A. Stanley, d .d., Charles E. Ewing, Ordained; Mrs.
Ursula J . Stanley, Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing.
P e k i n g (1864).— Chauncey Goodrich, d .d., W illiam S. Ament, d.d., W illiam B.
Stelle, Ordained; Charles W. Young, m .d v Physician; Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, Mrs.
M. Elizabeth Stelle. Mrs. Olivia D. Young, Miss Mary H. Porter, Miss Luella Miner,
Miss Nellie N. Russell, Miss Bertha P. Reed, Miss Jessie E. Payne, Miss A lice S.
Browne, Miss May N. Corbett.
K a l g a n (1865).— W illiam P. Sprague, Ordained; Mrs. Viette I. Sprague.
T u n g - c h o u (1867).— D. Z. Sheffield, d.d., M ark Williams, d .d., George D. Wilder,
Howard S. Galt, Ordained; J. H. Ingram, m .d., Physician; Mrs. Eleanor W . Sheffield,
Mrs. Gertrude W. Wilder, Mrs. Louise A. Galt, Mrs. M yrtle B. Ingram, Miss M ary E.
Andrews, M iss Abbie G. Chapin.
P a o - t i n g - f u ( 1 8 7 3 ) .— Henry P. Perkins, Edwin E. Aiken, Ordained; Mrs. Estella
L. Perkins, Mrs. Rose M. Aiken, Miss Laura N. Jones.
P a n g - C h u a n g (1880).— Charles A. Stanley, Jr., Ordained; Francis F. Tucker, m .d.,
Physician; Mrs. Louise H. Stanley, Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, m .d ., Miss H. Grace Wyckoff,
Miss Mabel A. Ellis.
L i n t s i n g (1886).— Emery W. Ellis, Ordained; Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis, M iss Lucia
E. Lyons, Miss Susan B. Tallmon, m .d.
Missionary-at-large.— Arthur H. Smith, d.d., Ordained; Mrs. Emma D. Smith.
In this country.— E. G. Tewksbury, Ordained; James H. McCann, Treasurer and
Business Agent; Mrs. Grace H. Tewksbury, Mrs. Netta K . McCann, Mrs. M ary A.
Ament, Miss E. Gertrude W yckoff.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Mrs. Frances D. Wilder,
Miss M ay Chapin.
Seven stations; 90 outstations; 15 ordained missionaries on the field ; 3 physicians;
1 treasurer and business agent; 18 wives, two of them physicians; 15 single wom en; 8
native pastors; 58 other native preachers; 58 native teachers; 28 Bible-wom en; 25
other native laborers; 8 churches: 3,795 members, 307 received on confession this
year; 97 places of stated preaching; 23 Sunday schools: 1,368 members; 14 students
for the m in istry; 1 college: 35 students; 14 boarding and high schools: 426 students,
201 o f them girls; 31 common schools: 374 pupils, 127 of them girls; 2 hospitals: 899
patients; 2 dispensaries: 19,630 treatm ents; native contributions for Christian work,
$2,093.50; for education, $962.81; total, $3,056.31.
M iss Mabel A . Ellis, sister o f Rev. Em ery W . Ellis, is the only new
appointee to this mission this year. Mr. and Mrs. M cCann are absent on
furlough. Mrs. Am ent has not yet returned to the field, and Miss Gertrude
1907] North China Mission 1 1 7
W yckoff must spend another year in this country. Mr. and Mrs. F. M.
Chapin, who were obliged to come to this country last year for health and
fam ily reasons and resign their connection with the Board, are greatly
missed on the field.
E ver since the B oxer outbreak of 1900 the North China Mission has
been making urgent and repeated calls for a deputation to visit the field
and study the problems of the work in the new light thrown upon them by
that event. P rof. Edward C. Moore, d .d ., Chairman of the Prudential Com
mittee, and Secretary Barton were appointed members of such a deputation,
and have visited all the stations of the mission this year, bringing cheer
and courage to missionary and native worker alike, and giving advice and
counsel regarding the work which will be of inestimable value in the years
to come.
INTRO DUCTIO N
Dr. Ament, in summing up the work for the year past, sa y s: “ It would
be easy to write roseate views of advance in education, government, laws,
etc., in North China, but a conservative estimate of the situation prevents.
It is still an open question whether or not the influential men in the North
are not further from genuine reform than two years ago. Some great names
are connected with reform, whose persistent practice is the exact oppo
site of what reform would seem to indicate. Certain changes are forced
by circumstances and stress of opinion, but do not manifest in any sense
the spirit of reform. New names for yamens are made, but old practices
continue. Still, we are confident that though the call for schools and general
reform may be somewhat fitful, and there will be seeming decline in inter
est, in the long run the wave in its great undertow is making for higher
and better things. China can never go back to the children’s clothing of
fifty years ago, and the sweep of events is upwards and onwards. Doubt
less a medium w ay will be found by which the youth of China, while secur
ing the new learning from W estern lands, will be able also to retain a
fondness and a knowledge of their own literature, the lack of which so
many of the thinking men in China deplore. The gradual but certain
growth of Christianity in China will be the best guarantee of its stability.”
T H E ST ATIO N S
Tientsin.— The removal of the station to its new site at Hsiku has been
successfully accomplished during the year, and after four months in the
new quarters the missionaries report that they are more than pleased with
the situation. It is healthfully located on the banks of the Peiho, at the
extreme limit o f the North Suburb, about three miles from the city proper,
and is connected with the city by a fairly good macadamized road. This
is called the Peking Road and is lined with shops, behind which are hun
dreds of homes and thousands of people. The entire North Suburb of the
city is a field hitherto unworked. The store of the American Bible Society
is located in one of the buildings adjoining the chapel, and it is hoped to
organize a campaign for visiting the shops of the city in the near future.
i i 8 North China Mission [Report
The new compound of some fifteen acres is inclosed by a wire fence.
On the first Sunday morning of their residence there, Mr. and Mrs. E w ing
walked through the main streets of the two nearest villages, speaking to
every one in sight, telling the people they had come to live among them,
that they would be pleased to receive callers, that this was Sunday and
every one was welcome to the services. Curiosity at first brought many
visitors to the missionaries’ homes, especially on the Sabbath, when the
houses were practically thrown open to try and impart some gospel teach
ing. The number decreased after a time, but gradually more are coming,
and they are learning to sit quietly and listen. The missionaries are on
good terms with the local officials, from whom they have received one or
two unexpected favors.
Evangelistic.— The church work has been somewhat interrupted by the
removal of the station, as it takes the mission beyond the reach of some of
the members. In the readjustment of territory occupied by the different
missions working at Tientsin, some of these will come under the care of
the London Mission. Mr. L iu has held daily services in the city chapel,
frequently with the house two-thirds full. There have been a number of
inquirers in connection wiith this chapel work.
Mr. Stanley has had charge of the home and city work, and it has been
carried forward as his time and strength would permit. Mr. E w ing has
charge of the touring and country work. During the first half o f the year
touring was almost entirely interrupted by the constant oversight of building
operations, but in the last six months Mr. Ew ing has spent about a hundred
days in the country. The new chapel at Chien Y in g has proved very satis
factory, and has several times been used for evangelistic services in the
evening, when the men of the village crowded in and listened with much
interest. The chapel service is sometimes preceded by preaching to the
market day crowds.
Education.— The boys’ school has had a good year. In order to open the
school on time a place in the village was rented for two months, until the
plant was transferred and rebuilt at Hsiku. This had the result of making
the school known to such an extent that probably one or two station schools
could be opened and filled at once were the teachers and means available.
The local official attended the midwinter examination and was highly pleased,
remarking emphatically that “ the best of the city government school pupils
could not pass such an examination.” It is hoped to enlarge the school
sufficiently to add the academy grade and prepare the boys for college. The
work and opportunity demand this.
Woman’s W ork.— The lack of a single woman to superintend this work
is greatly felt. The day school in the city has had a prosperous year. Only
half the pupils have Christian parents, but all attend the Sunday services.
Last year all but two girls had bound fe e t; now only two. There is a grow
ing public opinion against this custom, and it is expected that the girls who
attend school will not bind their feet. Following the custom o f the govern
ment schools, each scholar wears a metal badge, with the name and place
1907] North China Mission 119
o f the school, so that every one knows that they are students and not irre
sponsible girls running loose. A course of lectures has been given to get
the women in the habit of coming to the missionaries, and help correct
some of the ugly rumors about the latter. These were well attended.
P ek in g — This station was greatly favored last year by a generous visit
from Mr. James Porter, the brother of Miss Mary Porter. Mr. Porter has
shown his deep interest in the mission and in China by the large gifts he
has made to this station.
The report says that Peking is becoming a modern city. The stores
have new fronts, and unusual goods fill the windows. Temples are trans
formed into schoolrooms, and every science and handicraft have their vota
ries. The famine in South China has given a chance to the women of the
city to show that they are very much alive. Their public bazaar and enter
tainment, held on one of the historic sites of the city, would have done credit
to the most advanced of the advocates of woman’s rights. About $4,000
was realized from this sale. A course of lectures has been maintained the
greater part of the year. A ll sorts of subjects have been treated in all sorts
o f ways. Dr. Barton arrived in time to give one lecture on Turkey.
Evangelistic.— Street chapel work is carried on in several o f the out-
stations and in Peking proper. It would be difficult to estimate the number
o f people who listen to the truth in the course of the year. This work calls
into operation all the powers and qualifications o f a trained mind, and only
“ the best, the most aroused souls, are adequate to such a work.” This out-
station work shows many hopeful aspects. There are petty persecutions,
there is trouble here and there with the Romanists, but on the whole the
outlook is encouraging.
A t the North Church extensive repairs and alterations are in process
which will greatly improve the place. A t Cho Chou a driven well has been
sunk on the church premises, which is a boon to the community as well as
to the church. The income from the sale of water will be a permanent aid
to the work in that region. Through the energy and patience of Dr. Young
the long looked for water tower has been erected in Peking, and the sale of
water will meet the running expenses of the church. A t Ch’ang Hsin Tien,
the headquarters o f the machine works o f the Peking-Hankow Railroad, a
new chapel and extensive premises have been purchased.
The idea o f instructing and being instructed has so taken hold o f the
minds o f the leading Chinese o f the church that at the last meeting of
the Congregational Association of Peking a course of study was arranged
by the native pastors which is to be opened to all, and regular examinations
conducted. From those who pass these examinations will come the candi
dates who can fill up the ranks o f helpers and colporters. It was most
refreshing after the conference, says the report, to see the demand for
books in Peking. I f the plan survives its first enthusiasm there will soon
be no lack o f candidates for ordinary positions.
The Home M issionary Society connected with the Peking station now
commands the attention and support o f all. This society may be called estab
120 North China Mission [Report
lished. It is no longer an experiment. The Chinese are growing in their
power of expression in action and in organization. They work in harmony
and abide well by the decision of the majority. A t their annual meeting
this year their financial statement showed a surplus in hand. T hey now
support one Chinese pastor, who receives the largest salary in the station,
one native helper and one day school. The chief element of hope is found,
not in the long list o f workers, but in the fact that it has caught hold of
the Chinese mind and heart, and is an indigenous institution, with every
prospect o f a long life.'
Education.— The station reports ten day schools for boys and one board
ing school. Theoretically the boarding school should be self-supporting, but
in fact the mission has to carry the larger part of the burden, as the steady,
reliable boys from the country, who are to make the leaders in the church,
are not able, as a rule, to furnish much beyond their own clothing and inci
dental expenses. I f the boys attend the public schools the training is so
superficial that they are soon lost to the mission. If there are to be trained
men in the mission field these boys must be held onto, though the expense
is large.
Kindergarten work and work in the common schools has been carried
on as usual. A t one of these schools a large m ajority are from families
outside the church, some of them very highly connected, two being relatives
o f a prince and two others related to the governor of Peking. The Bible
Training School reports a successful year o f work.
The North China Union College and Bridgman Academ y reports 85 stu
dents during the year. F ive missions have been represented in the school
the past year, the Am erican Board churches still furnishing the largest num
ber. A fine heating plant has been installed during the year, and the equip
ment has been increased by new apparatus. The religious life of the students
shows steady growth, the development of character and conscience indicat
ing that the roots are striking deeper each year. A ll the girls except one
are church members.
Tw o years ago there was not a girls’ school in Peking outside of the
mission compound. N ow there are at least ten. The edict has gone forth
not only from the Imperial Palace, but from that most powerful magnate,
public opinion, saying that women must be educated. Up to this time all
the schools have been supported by private funds, but as soon as the board
o f education completes its scheme the imperial coffers will be opened. The
graduates and students of the mission school are urged to go as teachers
to these Chinese schools. W hile they cannot directly teach Christianity,
many opportunities come to them, and nothing inconsistent with their
principles is demanded.
Woman’s W ork .— Eight Bible-women have been at work during the year.
The newspaper readings and fam iliar lectures inaugurated in 1905 have
wonderfully broken down the walls o f superstition, and the place of meeting
has come to be known all over the city. The room is often filled to over
flowing. The rule of not preaching religion is held to, but “ we constantly
* 9° 7] North China Mission 1 2 1
pray that the heavenly touch, felt though unseen, may be given to us.”
The women are freely invited to visit the missionaries in their homes and
to attend the services. Lady Pao, sister o f Prince Su, has given two lec
tures; and a highly educated lady. Miss Chi, who has recently opened a
school and is herself a pronounced Confucianist, gave a most interesting
lecture on “ Love o f Country.” One of the Bridgman School graduates is
to teach in her school next year.
Kalgan.— This station is no longer the isolated place it has heretofore
been. It now has the telegraph and daily mail, and the railroad is an
assured fact. Mr. Sprague has been the only male missionary to hold the
fort this year. The native force is the same as last year — six helpers and
two teachers. The colporter has traveled the surrounding country far and
near, though his sales have not been large. During the first two months
o f the Chinese New Y ear a good many villages near by were visited, the
helpers and booksellers going out together. A t this time of the year the
farmers are at leisure, and come out in great numbers to listen to the street
preaching and look at the books. The helpers manifest a better spirit than
last year, and show more interest in trying to win men and more readiness
to shoulder responsibilities.
There appears to be a great new opening for Kalgan, made by the over
flowing of the Chinese into Mongolia. The grazing lands of the Mongols
are being taken up by the Chinese emigrants and put under cultivation.
Communities are springing up there as much like our New W est as any
thing Chinese can be like the American rush. Here is a very inviting field
if the laborers were at hand. The missionaries have the acquaintance and
good favor of multitudes of the people on all sides.
Educational.— The boys' boarding school has continued under the instruc
tion of a graduate of Tung-chou College. O f the seven pupils three have
joined the church, and the others are probationers. The local church pays
half the salary of a teacher at one of the outstation schools.
The girls’ school was not opened because the parents of the children
were not willing to unbind their feet, and the hard and fast rule was
enforced, that no girl with bound feet should enter the school. The voice
of public opinion in this reform has not yet made itself felt in this northern
region, especially in the country districts.
Woman’s W ork.— Miss Abbie Chapin and Miss Andrews visited the sta
tion in the summer and did much to aid the work for women. Mrs. Larsen,
o f the British and Foreign Bible Society, has also gratuitously given her
services in behalf of women since 1902. The Sunday afternoon meetings
for women and children, started at the dispensary by Miss Chapin, have been
kept up all the year. The preponderance of boys at these meetings sug
gested the feasibility of dividing the work and having the boys in a room
by themselves. This was done, but the helper failed in his attempt to hold
the boys.
Tung-chou.— A t this station the relations with the officials have been thor
oughly cordial, but not so effusive as for some years preceding. Polite calls
122 North China Mission [Report
have been exchanged as usual. The officials are careful not to have too
much intercourse with the missionaries, and show independence. It is a
healthful state o f affairs.
Evangelistic.— The church at Tung-chou reports a great falling off this
year. The preaching and evangelizing force of eighteen men has lost seven
of their number, and the church has had its confidence in pastors and helpers
shaken for a time by several cases of discipline, involving some of the most
prominent people. Ow ing to the fact that several of the college and academy
students have at length united with the church, after holding off for years,
the missionaries were able to use nine of them in the city and country last
summer. One of these students said, afterw ard: “ I did not go out to preach
but to get experience and to make a little money. I did not accomplish the
latter, but I learned that the important thing is to give to others.” The
chief advantage in using these college students was to release the lay preach
ers, booksellers, etc., from their regular work to come up to Tung-chou for
two months’ study. Beside a regular course of study, devotional meetings
or lectures were held every evening. This study was but the beginning of
a year’s course upon which they are to be examined when they come together
for another season of study. N ext year-it is hoped to unite with the Peking
station in this work. According to the custom of recent years the church
has assumed the expenses o f station class work, and this year provided for
three months of station class work for outsiders.
Some o f the far-reaching effects of a street chapel near the soldier
camps have been shown this year. One church member has become a cap
tain of the army in Manchuria. Good reports come of his care of proba
tioners and inquirers that go from here to the front. Several letters of
introduction have been given to soldiers who were to be stationed near
other churches. The removal o f 4,000 of the best troops last fall is a matter
o f regret for the hospital and chapel work.
In spite o f the fewness o f workers they are preaching in Tung-chou
and the five market town outstations to an average o f four heathen audiences
each day of the year. Each audience continues for four or five hours by
passing in and out. These often number 100 at a time, and make a total of
146,000 a year. In addition to this there is personal work in the five inquiry
rooms connected with these chapels, in the homes visited by the Bible-womenr
and in the work of the booksellers. There is also the evangelistic side of
the lectures, newspaper readings, and stereopticon entertainments that are
conducted every month.
The growth in the country stations has been satisfactory in regard to
the quality of the added members rather than the numbers. There are about
half as many members as before the Boxers swept them bare. T w o new
market towns, where no work had been done before, have now fourteen mem
bers each. A volunteer worker has been added to the regular force, and
has proved him self an untiring, earnest worker, full of resources. He has
a bicycle which is almost entirely his own handiwork. On this he attends
the numerous fairs in his vicinity. He has devised a scheme for converting'
i9°7] North China Mission 1 2 3
the wheel into a table, on which he spreads his books for sale. He has a
cloth screen with texts to drape around it so as to conceal the wheel itself,
as he finds it too distracting to the attention of his hearers.
Educational.— The wide educational awakening in China strongly reacts
upon the Christian Church, and educational work in all of its branches has
received a great impetus during the past three years. It is felt that in the
mission schools is the chief hope of producing efficient leaders of the native
church.
The Union College has had 55 students since the New Year, and there
have been 45 in the academy. There are four independent lines of study in
the schools: (1 ) Biblical and ethical studies; (2) the Chinese classics; (3)
W estern sciences and history; (4) English. The discipline of the schools
has been somewhat more easily preserved than in former years. The senior
class has tried to give help in securing good order, with benefits of somewhat
uncertain value.
Most of the students in the two schools are professing Christians, and
at least the upper class students have an excellent knowledge of Biblical
truth. Since the Boxer upheaval the spiritual life in the schools has been
at a low register, though with steady improvement from year to year. Three
students in the college attended the Young Men’s Christian Association Con-r
vention at Shanghai, and returned with their hearts greatly kindled with
all they had heard and experienced. An entire Sabbath was given up to
them to make their report. Special meetings were held among the students
for some days following, at which evidence was given of a deep spiritual
quickening in many hearts.
A new departure was made last year in raising the price of tuition.
There was a cheerful compliance with the requirement, but it was no little
burden to some to secure the needed amount. It is probable that by empha
sizing the study of English a much larger tuition could be secured, but it
would be from another class of students, and the character of the schools
would be completely changed. The policy has been to give a measure of
help to promising children of the church, with special hope that they would
enter into Christian work at the end of their studies.
Woman’s W ork.— One phase of woman’s work which reaches far out into
the new fields is the touring and “ friendly visiting” shared by Misses A n
drews and Chapin and the Bible-women. Twenty-four trips have been made
to nineteen of the nearer villages. Twelve Bible-women have been invited
into over thirty new homes this year. Most of the homes whose doors are
open belong to men who have heard of the way in the street chapels or at
fairs. The report says: “ W e have been impressed during the year with
the leavening process of the evangelistic work. A street sermon, a book sold;
the testimony of a relative, the changed life of a friend— these are some
of the sources, under God, to which we can trace a new heart stirred, a new
door opened, or a new village entered.”Pao-ting-fu .— The Chinese church under Pastor Meng continues to
develop and expand, and there is a great deal of harmony between its opera
124 North China Mission [Report
tions and what constitutes more properly the direct work of the station.
The Easter general church meeting felt the impulse of the great religious
gatherings in the F ar East, the Young Men’s Christian Association Con
vention and the Centenary M issionary Conference. Sixteen were received
to the church that day. A deacon form erly connected with this church has
gone to Tientsin, where he is connected with the business o f recruiting
laborers for the gold mines in South A frica . Out of his income this man
supports a preacher and one or two Bible-women. This station has followed
the example o f Peking, and has a well-defined Home M issionary Society,
which supports a preacher in an entirely unoccupied and practically new
district to the southeast of the city.
Mrs. Arthur Smith visited the station in the winter and conducted a series
of meetings which made a profound impression on the boys and girls in the
schools, and has led to a permanent deepening of the spiritual life. The
country fields often appear to be more fruitfu l than the city, important as
that is. A t one place a well-to-do convert keeps open house all the time,
not only for the missionary, but for all the Christians and others interested
who come there from the villages round about.
In the recent delimitation of the field the great prefectural city o f Cheng-
ting-fu, about ten miles from the starting point of the new Shansi railway,
has come under the care o f the Pao-ting-fu station. These prefectural cities
are found at intervals of 100 miles all along the Peking-Hankow line. O f
these cities, Chengting-fu is the only one as yet unoccupied, save by a large
Roman Catholic establishment. This great field it is impossible with the force
and means at command to touch in any very direct way, and the missionaries
raise the question whether there may not be some church ready to establish
and maintain a station in this great and populous field.
The colporters o f the Bible societies serve as auxiliary forces, sometimes
selling as many as six or seven hundred portions o f the gospel in one day.
These men report little opposition, and say that the field is open for preaching
and selling books everywhere.
Mr. Perkins has made four short tours into the country. H e says, “ Not
withstanding a rather serious dissension, taken part in by our preachers and
leading local members, there has been more work done in our field than in
any form er year.” In two large business towns in the north part of the
L i Hsien district, the station has what appear to be two vigorous churches.
Though the membership is hardly twenty, the real constituency is ten times
that number. A t another place there are no local members, but the chapel
is the gathering place of a growing constituency who come in for business
each fifth day. A t De Ch’uen the helper is devoting all his time to medical
work, and is helping those who are being reformed o f the opium habit.
Educational.— There were 39 scholars in the English school. Most of
these young men get into some government school or into business, but not
infrequently they write to the missionary, or call upon him. They come from
many parts o f the province, some even from outside.
The boys’ school has had an attendance o f 40. The tuition has been
1907] North China Mission , 2 5
increased. Though the public schools are free, there is more or less expense
connected with them, and it is the opinion of the head teacher that when
the harvests are good the charge of the mission school is not too much.
Another change has been the more careful keeping of the standing of each
pupil, with report to the parents of progress made and suggestion, in some
cases, that they find employment for their sons.
Pang-Chuang.— Though the only ordained missionary now stationed at
the great center o f Pang-Chuang, Mr. Stanley’s buoyant spirits and unquench
able hopes for the work there breathe in every word of his report for the
year. W ith Mr. Ellis located at Lintsing and Dr. Arthur Smith now a mis
sionary-at-large, the force at this station is barely a handful to grapple with
the great work there and in the twenty outstations.
The progress of the union movement has not been so rapid in Shantung
as in the north, where communication is more free and rapid, due to the
railroad, and where the various missions are in closer proximity, though
this matter is not lost sight of by the missionaries.
A n interesting incident of the year is the reply of the governor of the
province to a communication presented him by the Triumvirate, a committee
o f three elected from the various missions of the province for purposes 01
arbitration and communication in a representative way with the Chinese
Foreign Office and the governor direct. In his reply the governor states
that there has been no trouble this year with the Protestant converts. He
urges the Protestant missionary body to do all it can to prevent controversies
and quarrels between the converts of the two churches — Protestant and
Roman Catholic. He takes a firm stand with regard to the suppression of
opium.
The death o f Pastor Chia has caused great sorrow at this station, as
well as at Lintsing. and has greatly weakened the force of Chinese workers.
O f Pastor Chia it is said: “ Physically he was not equaled by any other of
the Chinese brethren; a man of immense frame and corresponding physical
endurance that was w illingly put to the most trying tests. Spiritually he
was a man of real power, and in many ways an ideal pastor. His judgment
was sound in almost all cases, and his advice was sought and appreciated
by his associates and, what is more important, by the rank and file of the
church members.”
Dr. Tucker has done some much needed and appreciated Sunday work,
going on horseback, with one of his hospital assistants, to some of the nearer
villages. Mr. Stanley has made four trips to the district centers, but these
trips can be considered only a drop in the bucket compared with the work
that should be done along this line.
The meeting of the local association last October was remarkable for
the renewed spirit shown by the Chinese — the desire to be entirely at one
in all the deliberations. Mr. Stanley says: “ It has not been necessary to
write a single letter this year to any of the district yamens in regard to cases
of miscarriage o f justice or persecution. This is quite remarkable, and a
state o f affairs almost too good to last, but for which we are profoundly
grateful.”
I 2 Ó North China Mission [Report
The day schools have been 5 in number, with an attendance of some 60
pupils. Tw o new school buildings have been erected, and Porter Academy
is serving a good purpose.
IVOman’s W ork.— There are 10 native assistants engaged in different
forms of woman’s work. Fourteen villages have been visited and 200
Christian women seen. Mrs. A rthur Smith made an extended tour of the
mission fields, and all the outstations have received special attention from
her by more or less prolonged visits. A new building has enabled many
more pupils to attend school. There is great need o f girls’ schools in the
outstations to prepare for entrance into this central school. There have been
55 boarders, coming from 33 villages.
Lintsing .— It w ill be noticed that the spelling of the name of this station
has been changed from Lin Ching to Lintsing, by advice of the missionaries.
Mr. and Mrs. Ellis and Miss Dr. Tallmon make up the force.
This station shares with Pang-Chuang in the loss by death o f Pastor
Chia. Previous to the semi-annual public meetings he was accustomed to
make extended tours, visiting the outstations and receiving into church mem
bership those who, in his judgment, were fitted for that step. The memory
of his labors is a rich heritage to this field.
Evangelistic.— There are 11 teachers in the regular evangelistic work.
The membership o f the church is about 575. One of the great problems
here is how to maintain the interest of hundreds who have announced them
selves as inquirers. The difficulty of securing faithful preaching o f the
W ord is also a situation demanding the best thought and attention o f the
missionaries. T he problem of individual lives, and the pastoral care o f those
who should be trained for service, are matters which cannot be neglected.
Connected with this latter is the question of itinerating. T o travel entails
expense, and the funds in hand are not sufficiently large to enable the mis
sionaries to do all that is necessary in this line. The matter o f instructing
the church members and the inquirers is a difficult one, as the distances from
place to place are so great. Classes were held at the central station, but
beside these only four places received the help which forty ought to have
had.
But many things in the work show signs o f progress. Special gifts have
enabled several places to secure new chapels, and the natives themselves
have raised about $1,000 for various purposes. Just now the leaders in the
native church feel that a boys’ boarding school should be provided at Lin
tsing, and the contributions are likely to be used for this purpose rather than
for evangelistic work. One of the most consecrated o f the helpers gave up
his salary in order that means might be provided for a teacher for a boys’
school. This willingness to make such a real sacrifice was no small factor
in 'arousing the Christians o f the central station to make an earnest effort
for their prim ary school, and about thirty dollars, or one-half the amount
needed, was pledged.
Woman's W ork.— Mrs. Ellis and Miss Dr. Tallm on have done much work
for the women this year. A schoolgirl from Pang-Chuang has had charge
a 9 0 7 ] North China Mission 127
o f the children’s school. N ext year it is hoped to start a boarding school.
Regular work for women has been carried on Sundays and Thursdays in
the city. A station class was held just after the Chinese ¿'lew Year. Twenty
attended and were very industrious. The teacher and helper made a twelve
days’ tour to two places, and reported much interest. A great loss is felt
in the death o f Mrs. Chang, the Bible-woman, who had been regularly
employed for many years.
M E D ICA L W ORK
Dr. Young, at Peking, has spent part of his time in the study of the
language, preparatory to teaching in the Union Medical Schools. One thou
sand four hundred and five calls have been made during the year. A trip
was made to one of the outstations and twenty-four cases seen. It is hoped
to visit four or five of the outstations, one a month, the students doing the
preaching and dispensing under the supervision of the physician.
From Pang-Chuang Dr. Tucker makes good report of the hospital work.
A new building is the greatest need. The hospital issues a printed report in
Chinese, and a major part of it this year is devoted to the consideration
o f tuberculosis, as the death rate from that cause is very high in the coun
try districts as well as in the city. The local constituency is also informed
through this report of the details of hospital receipts and expenditures.
Beginning with this year it is hoped to constitute a Hospital Sunday, on which
annual date contributions shall be taken all over the field for this home
missionary work.
The greatest problem is how best to use the opportunity for religious
instruction with the small force at command, for even though they know it
not, “ the people are there to know God and have life, and to have it more
abundantly.” The hospital is just approaching its silver anniversary, and
in this first quarter of a century the number of dispensary treatments totals
.310,825, while 12,979 men, women, and children were given opportunities of
eternal-value in the hospital. The branch dispensary at Te Chou, visited
tw ice a month, proves to be a valuable and helpful link.
The finances o f this hospital have had a remarkable year, a small surplus
being on hand at the close. The quality of those entering the church from
the hospital impresses one this year rather than the quantity. Not one
patient in a hundred who enters the hospital is a church member.
A t Lintsing there is as yet no hospital or dispensary, and so the work
is rather elementary. Tw ice Dr. Tallmon has turned the dining room into
a hospital, and in one case probably saved the life of a little girl. The
patients treated vary in social standing from the military official to the very
poor, who ask to come early in the morning that they may take their places
to receive free food at the place o f public distribution. A ll who have been
treated went away with expressions of gratitude and friendliness. The
question o f fees and how large they should be, and the further question of
•dividing the medical work for men and women, are problems that the mis
sionaries have before them.
128 Shansi Mission [Report
Though there is still no physician at Kalgan and the dispensary remains
closed, so many cases o f sickness and accident come asking for help that
the missionaries try* to treat some of them. One firm paid sixteen dollars
to Mr. Sprague for preventing a suicide in their shop. The man had cut
his throat, and Mr. Sprague sewed up the wound with an ordinary needle
and silk. Other receipts, mainly for saving opium suicides, bring up the
total amount received to thirty dollars.
SHANSI MISSION
T a i - k u . — Paul L. Corbin, Ordained; W illoughby A. Hemingway, m .d ., Physician;
Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin, Mrs. M ary E. Hemingway, Miss Flora K. Heebner, Miss D aisie
P. Gehman.
F e n - c h o - f u . — I. J. Atwood, m .d.. Ordained; Mrs. Annette W . Atwood.
On the way out.— W atts O. Pye, Ordained.xTwo stations; 7 outstations; 3 ordained men, one a physician; 1 physician; 3
w iv es; 2 single w om en; 2 churches: 265 members, 25 added by confession this y e a r ;
12 places of regular m eeting: average attendance, 430; 5 unordained preachers; 6
teachers; 8 other native laborers; 2 boarding and high schools: 59 pupils, 22 of
them girls; 3 other schools: 58 pupils; 1 hospital: 242 patients; 1 dispensary: 1,521 treatments.
The repeated cry of this mission for reenforcement has at last met with
a response in the appointment o f Rev. W atts O. Pye, Rev. and Mrs.
Charles A . Tubbs, and Miss Daisie P. Gehman. Mr. P ye and Miss Gehman
will join the mission this year. Mr. and Mrs. Tubbs will spend another year
in this country before going to the field.
Good cheer has been given to the members of the Shansi Mission by
the visit o f Dr. Barton, representing the Deputation to China, accompanied
by Dr. Ament, o f the North China Mission. Several other members of the
North China Mission have visited Shansi this year. It is hoped that with
the completion o f the railroad to the city of Y u-T zu many coming from
southwestern points will make Tai-ku one o f the centers of the journey to
the coast.
Mr. Corbin estimates the field occupied by the Shansi Mission to be
100 miles in width and 200 in length, with a population of a million and a
half. This makes it evident to any one studying the field that the Board
has thus far occupied but an insignificant section of the territory.
Tai-ku .— Seven outstations are connected with this station. The city
compound has been partially restored, and now has buildings upon it worth,
perhaps, $2,000. During the year there have been eleven opium refuges car
ried on in connection with Tai-ku station, two of them for women. In
these refuges 305 persons broke off this habit last year.
It is most interesting and significant to note that so little money from
the Board is expended on this work in Shansi. It is largely self-supporting,
and wherein it falls short of that it is supported by private gifts. The great
*In part from figures o f last year.
1907] Shansi Missioti 1 2 9
expense is for schools and scholars. I f the new movement looking toward
the establishment of an endowment school in this field can be pushed on to
success, the support of the Shansi Mission will be very little of a burden
to the Board except in the provision of the salaries of the foreign workers.
Considerable building has been accomplished the past year, with scarcely
any expense to the Board. A t one outstation a chapel has been built under
the supervision o f Helper Tu, at a cost of $360, about one-third of which was
raised by the people, and of the balance not a penny came from the Board.
The generous weekly contributions of the Christians at Tai-ku, a part of
which are now devoted to paying the full salary of a helper, and the plans
for independence instituted by the brethren at Fen-cho-fu indicate that the
current is moving in line with the suggestion of the Deputation that the
Chinese church be brought to self-support.
Mr. Corbin reports a visit to one outstation where the Christians had
not seen a missionary of the Board for six years and more. It was a
notable occasion at Nan Ch’ing Tui when the newly built chapel was ready
for dedication. On the Sunday following this dedication 9 adults and 6
children were baptized, 24 were received on probation, and 271 cash pledged
toward the completion of the chapel. A great stimulus was given to the
work in all parts of the field. O f almost equal interest and significance was
the gathering in the new street chapel at Tai-ku on Christmas D ay for its
formal opening. The report says: “ The hymns that rung out over the very
spot where six missionaries of the Board were murdered in 1900 had a rich
significance for some, at least, of those who listened.” Another red-letter
day was March 3, when the people gathered from all the outstations to greet
the Deputation. There had been an evangelistic service in the new street
chapel on the evening before, which “ gave every one a new vision.” On
Sunday morning more than 200 crowded into the church to listen to a ser
mon by Dr. Ament. “ The Foreign Secretary of the Board was an interested
and sympathetic observer o f all that took place.”
A s an auxiliary to the evangelistic work a bookroom has been started
this year. Only distinctively religious or missionary books are to be carried,
and the prices fixed to cover expenses only.
Fen-cho-fu .— Relations with the Chinese officials have been most pleasant
throughout the year. A t N ew Y e a r ’s a formal call was made on the mag
istrate, which was promptly returned the next day. A month later the Shao
Yeh (a relative o f the magistrate, under instruction to succeed him in office)
applied for medical help and was successfully treated. In return for this
the foreign doctor was treated to a feast with official guests. Other officials
and teachers in the government schools have come for medical aid for
themselves and their families. Quite friendly relations have thus sprung
up, and this influence upon the community has been very favorable.
Dr. Atwood says: “ The Departmental Examination Hall, which for ages
has turned out eight-legged essays and ‘ waiting officials,’ has been completely
changed into a cotton-weaving factory. This presents to the astonished
plebeian people a product in blue cotton cloth of no mean or inferior quality.
i 3o Shansi Mission [Report
The looms are wooden and native made, while foreign machinery takes its
place in some parts of the work. This competition in this mammoth industry
o f the world is already beginning in earnest, and simplifying materially the
problem of keeping the w olf from the door.”
On February 27 Dr. Barton and Dr. Ament met a good representation
of the local church and offered the fraternal greetings o f Am erica and Japan
Christians. “ The conference together made us realize very really and fo r
cibly the oneness of the world in Christ Jesus. W e feel that we have
advanced to a position from which we can surely never quite recede.”
A Christian Endeavor Society of fifteen members has been formed, which
is the backbone o f the church. This society has taken hold o f evangelistic
work, and has selected its best men to run a street chapel in front o f the
grain market at T ai Ho Ch’iao.
M E D IC A L W ORK
The year has shown a gain in each part of this work except calls on
patients in their homes. Most of the people are either unable or unwilling
to carry out the prescribed treatments at home, and visits to their homes
take much valuable time that can ill be spared. A s the work becomes better
known it is gratify in g to see that more patients are willing to come and live
in the hospital while being treated.
T w o yoting men belonging to the wealthiest family o f the county have
been frequent visitors at the doctor’s home. W hile not coming for that pur
pose, they have been willing to listen to explanations of the gospel and to
read Christian magazines.
The emperor’s edict forbidding the sale and use of opium has had little
effect in this region. The ta x on land where the opium poppy is grown has
been increased, however, from three dollars an acre to ten times that
amount. This has m aterially reduced the planting o f the poppy, and much
of the same land has been sown in wheat. O f all lines o f medical work
the opium refuges have shown the greatest growth. Nine refuges for men
and three for women have been kept by the evangelist^ and their wives. There
have been 280 men and 25 women patients. Because the work lacks sufficient
support the opium cure medicines are not given away as are other medicines.
Three patients cured in recent years, all literary degree men, have been
doing good service in the schools. T o those who ask about the permanency
o f this cure the reply is emphatically made that “ it is of little value unless
a man becomes a Christian.”
®9°7] Japan Mission
JAPAN MISSION
K o b e .— John L . Atkinson, d.d., Ordained; Miss Eliza Talcott, M is s Martha J. Barrows, Miss Susan A. Searle, Miss Elizabeth Torrey, Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Miss
Charlotte B. DeForest, Miss Gertrude Cozad, Miss Annie L. Howe.
K y o t o .— Jerome D. Davis, d.d., Dwight W . Learned, d.d., Otis Cary, d .dv Sidney L.
Gulick, d.d., Morton D. Dunning, Frank A . Lombard, Ordained; Mrs. Frances H. Davis, Mrs. Florence H. Learned, Mrs. Ellen M. Cary, Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Mrs. M ary W. Dunning, Miss Mary F. Denton.
M a e b a s h i .— Miss Fanny E. Griswold.
M atsuyam a.— Charles M. Warren, Ordained; Mrs. Cora Keith Warren, Miss H.
Frances Parmelee, Miss Cornelia Judson.
M i y a z a k i .— C. Burnell Olds, Cyrus A. Clark, Ordained; Mrs. Genevieve Davis •Olds, Miss Julia A. E. Gulick.
N i i g a t a .— W illiam L. Curtis, Edward S. Cobb, Ordained; Mrs. Gertrude A . Curtis, Mrs. Florence B. Cobb.
O k a y a m a .— James H. Pettee, d .d., Schuyler S. White, Ordained; Mrs. Isabella W . Pettee, Miss A lice P. Adams.
T o t t o r i . — Henry J. Bennett, Ordained; Mrs. Anna H. W oodruff Bennett, Mrs. Amanda A. W alker.
O s a k a .— George Allchin, Ordained; Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, Miss Abbie M. Colby, M iss Elizabeth Ward.
S a p p o r o .— George M. Rowland, d.d., Samuel C. Bartlett, Ordained; Mrs. Helen A.
Rowland, Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett, Miss Adelaide Daughaday. (Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett
Tesiding at Otaru.)
S e n d a i .—
T o k y o .— D. Crosby Greene, d.d., Ordained, Mrs. Mary J. Greene.
On the way out.— Miss Julia C. Hocking, newly appointed.
In this country.— W allace Taylor, m .d., John H. DeForest, d.d., Hilton Pedley,
Horatio B. Newell, Ordained; Mr. Dana I. Grover, Unordained; Mrs. Mary S. Taylor,
Mrs. Sarah E. DeForest, Mrs. Martha J. Pedley, Mrs. Jane C. Newell, Mrs. Harriet
Gulick Clark, Miss M ary B. Daniels, Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Mrs. Ida M. White,
Miss Lucy E. Case, Miss Annie H. Bradshaw.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Grace W. Learned,
Miss Ada B. Chandler, Miss Florence Holbrook, Miss Florence M. Gordon, Miss Anna
H. Pettee, Miss M ary A. Holbrook, m.d.
Twelve stations; 23 ordained missionaries, of whom one is a physician; 1 unor
dained missionary; 21 w ives; 24 single women; total American force, 69. Further
statistics at the end.
Several changes have taken place in this mission in the past year.
M rs. Davis has rejoined Dr. Davis at Kyoto. Mrs. W hite has come to this
country, Mr. W hite remaining in Japan. Dr. and Mrs. Taylor are planning
to return to Japan early this coming winter. Dr. and Mrs. DeForest, Mr.
and Mrs. Pedley, Miss Case, Miss Bradshaw, and Miss Barrows have all
come home during the year, as also Mr. Newell, to join Mrs. Newell in this
country. Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett have removed to Otaru, a part of the Sap
poro field. Dr. Holbrook’s health has been restored enough to enable her
to return to the mission, but not for full service. Mrs. Clark is still detained
in this country. Mr. Grover, after three years of service, has come home
and received appointment as a regular missionary o f the Board, expecting
to return to Japan a married man. Miss Hocking, recently appointed, is
going out for work in the evangelistic school at Kobe.
Japan Mission [Report
FOREWORD
Japan, sobered by the war, and gratified at its cordial reception into the
fellowship of the nations, is well disposed toward foreign and Christian
things. A s some one has said, “ N ew world-wide associations are bringing
the people into more varied and constant contact with the Christian idea
so that it will be more rapidly and generally, albeit somewhat unconsciously,
assimilated.” It is a cause for congratulation that in this country the mis-
190 7] Japan Mission 133
sionaries not only enjoy perfect freedom in the prosecution of their work,
but the Christian movement is looked upon with friendly eyes by many
leaders of public opinion, both in the government and out of it; and these
men have not hesitated to give considerable sums of money, not only in
aid of eleemosynary institutions, but often for distinctively Christian work.
There has been a growing feeling o f dismay in the nation of late years,
in view of the increasing failure of the ethical ideals to control the moral
conduct of the student classes. A year ago the minister o f education issued
an instruction in which he called attention to “ a tendency to occasional
despondency and to ethical decadence,” which was an occasion for grave
anxiety. The instruction precipitated an interesting discussion by the press,
a result o f which was that the nation’s thought has been directed by religious
and nonreligious journals to the importance of some religious sanction as
a basis for moral education. This has no doubt helped to open the door
for a wider hearing and acceptance of Christian teaching.
M ISS IO N W ORK D IS T IN C T FROM K U M I - A I
Until last year no attempt was made to discriminate carefully between
the work of the mission and that of the Japanese churches, but a new era
began then— an era in which not only individual churches should stand upon
their own feet, but in which the denomination should appear before the
world as a self-supporting and self-sustaining body, undertaking the support
also of all the dependent churches which had attained sufficient size and
strength to warrant their being called churches. The only stipulation was
that the parent mission should help them with the financial burden for three
years, and then the mission should be left free to devote all its energies to
the fostering and developing of infant church enterprises and to the general
work.
SOCIOLOGICAL W ORK
In the last annual report attention was drawn to the remarkable increase
in the number of orphans at the Okayama Orphanage, due to the taking in
o f hundreds of the orphans from the famine districts of the north. The
past year has been one of heroic effort to secure a larger income for the
care of the increased numbers. Dr. Pettee writes that a great advance has
been made in the housing and training of the children. “ The cottage system
has been adopted, with 51 house-mothers, each at the head of her own little
family, and responsible for the 20 children under her care.” One great
event o f the year was the celebration on April 20 of the twentieth anniver
sary of Mr. Ishii’s befriending the first orphan. As an expression of appre
ciation, the graduates of the institution have raised 1,200 yen ($600). Thirty-
five of the older children have been baptized during the year. The institution
continues to enjoy royal patronage. During the year it has attracted the
attention of new men of prominence and property.
Hanabatake, a Christian social settlement work in Okayama, has grown
so that it has been necessary during the year to purchase more land and to
*34 Japan Mission [Report
enlarge the schoolhouse. The number o f different patients treated at the
free dispensary is reported to be 340, while there have been 3,000 different
treatments and prescriptions. It is interesting to note also the large amount
received as local gifts, 2,100 yen, which is more than twice the sum contrib
uted by the mission.
The board o f education has accredited the school of the Matsuyama
Factory G irls’ Home as not only one of high quality but a Christian school as
well. The institution is not as yet self-supporting, still the addition of- a w eav
ing department during the year helps solve the problem by attracting and
holding enough girls to fill the house to its full capacity. In fact, the workers
are troubled to know what to do with the large numbers that are applying for
admission.
The Matsuyama N ight School might be classed under educational institu
tions as well as under sociological work, since it is giving the full primary
and grammar courses to upwards o f 100 poor children. It also offers work
and dormitory privileges to a limited number, while the institution and the
entire community are saturated with a Biblical atmosphere through the influ
ence of its teachers. Children from this school are marked from their fel
lows in the factory where they work by their better conduct and talk, while
their non-Christian employer, impressed by the value of Christian training
given, is contributing twenty yen yearly toward the support of the school. It
is a cause of regret that the institution is so much hampered by its cramped
and inadequate quarters.
The M iyazaki School Girls’ Home deserves to be classed as a Christian
sociological enterprise inasniuch as it seeks to give a Christian home and
Christian training to a limited number of schoolgirls (7 or 8) within the
missionaries’ home. A ll have become Christians during the year except
three who had received baptism previously. It is hoped that eventually the
work may be broadened, and that a dormitory may be erected with a capable
Christian matron in charge.
T H E E V A N G E L IS T IC FIE LD A N D FORCES
The General Religious Situation.— The past twelvemonth has been a truly
remarkable one in the history o f Christian progress. Three movements or
tendencies may be noted as characterizing the year. The first is an increased
readiness to hear and receive Christian truth, the second is the manifest
desire and effort among Christians for the development of an independent
Japanese Christianity, while the third is the notable evangelistic fervor and
the large ingatherings. These movements have been more or less common to
all the Japanese churches, though perhaps best illustrated in the Kum i-ai body.
Mr. Newell says, in reporting the annual meeting o f the Kumi-ai churches
held in Kobe last fa ll: “ In past years the great goal of independence m ay
have obscured at times the greater goal o f spirituality. But it was evident
at this meeting that the near approach of the realization of that independence
idea is having a sobering effect which responsibility always brings. And the
m anifest hunger and thirst for spiritual results showed that the greater goal
1907] Japan Mission
has come now fully into view.” The chosen motto of that meeting was, "P ra y
without ceasing,” and that prayer had a definite end in view was made evi
dent by the fact that for the second time 2,000 yen was raised for extending
the forw ard movement evangelistic work, a thousand yen was guaranteed by
a few deacons to give two weeks of practical and theological lectures in the
capital to evangelists and pastors from the interior, the budget for home and
foreign mission work was doubled, involving at least 10,000 yen, and the first
Woman’s Board for Home and Foreign Missions was organized. Dr. De-
Forest, after extended tours both in and out of the famine region of last
year, tells, through Mission News, that that great famine is not only past,
but the great spiritual famine of a quarter of a century, that starved the
young men and sent so many of them to despair and suicide, is at last over,
and the fields now are everywhere white to harvest. “ O f all the changes I
have seen during thirty-two years,” he continues, “ none surpass these tw o :
the universal hunger for new knowledge and the very marked wide hunger
for soul food that shall give life more abundantly.”
Mr. M iyagawa recently said that he believed there were now in Japan
1,000,000 people, not members of churches, who were ordering their lives
in accordance with the New Testament, and who required now only to be
brought to a public confession of their faith.
Dr. Davis writes, “ There is a greater readiness to listen to the gospel
and accept Christ, especially among young men, than has been known for
years.” And the statement is borne out by the remarkable results of the
evangelistic campaign following upon the heels o f the Student Federation
Conference early in April. Delegates from abroad, with Japanese co-laborers
in groups of two or more, went out into twenty of the largest cities of the
empire to present in a definite way the claims of Christ, with the result that
in the two or three weeks that elapsed between 1,500 and 2,000 people, it is
claimed, most of them students, registered a purpose to become Christians.
Dr. Pettee w rites: “ The progress of the year has been very exceptional,
and yet very healthy. The aggressive evangelistic spirit of the times so
much in evidence elsewhere has prevailed also in Okayama prefecture, and
the outlook, as this report is made up, gives promise of gratifying results
in the future. There have been some 200 baptisms in the whole field, an
advance of thirty-three per cent over the average record.” The Maebashi
field also reports 200 new converts as one fruit of a wonderful revival that
has been going on there, and other fields echo the dominant evangelistic
note. Even where no special effort has been put forth great accessions are
reported. The four independent Kumi-ai churches in Osaka have added n o
by baptism during the year, while the Hongo Church in Tokyo, under Rev.
Dan jo Ebina’s care, has increased its resident membership thirty-three per
cent, with 161 baptisms.
The Forward Movement.— When we inquire more particularly what
methods have been employed to develop this interest and produce such
results we must mention first the “ Shuchu Dendo,” and similar movements,
which translated means “ concentrated evangelism.” The method of pro-
i 3 6 Japan Mission [Report
cedure is as fo llo w s: A certain center is selected where there is already a
growing church. This field is diligently cultivated for a period of some
months by the local workers, getting the Christians ready for the newr
advance, and raising up new inquirers by diligent Bible instruction both
within and without the church. Then a number of pastors of note and
experience from the metropolitan centers come in, and for a period of from
a week to two weeks carry on a vigorous evangelistic campaign, with nightly
platform meetings and daily Bible instruction and personal interviews. Up
to the date of writing the Japanese Missionary Society has carried on offi
cially ten such campaigns in as many centers, with over 500 converts result
ing. Y et these figures by no means account for all, since in connection
with this work in the centers unreported, campaigns were held in smaller
outstations, and other work of a like nature, such as that o f the Okayama
Evangelization Society, has been carried on in a number o f places. This
last mentioned society is the outgrowth of the Bible Evangelizing" Company,
which for four years has worked faithfully on the plan of one worker
teaching one gospel to one inquirer, and which, it is not too much to say,
was among the earliest and most practical manifestations of the present
revival movement throughout the land. During the year special meetings
were held in 5 different places under this agency, resulting in 143 baptisms.
E ven our own missionaries, notably in the Hokkaido field, have tried this
method of evangelization with success.
A few instances w ill suffice to show the power o f the movement. O f the
meetings in Tsuyam a our correspondent w rites: “ I have never witnessed
a higher, healthier uplift, relatively speaking. No wonder there are already
200 inquirers in thirty different houses at Tsuyama, and the fire is spreading
throughout the prefecture.” F ifty-six persons were baptized in the church
there at one time. In the old castle town of Ayabe people came for miles
and camped out in the church. T hirty-four public meetings were held, one
a theater meeting, attended by 800 people. Seventy-six people received
baptism, 10 of whom were girls from a silk filature under th$ management
o f an earnest Christian man whose constant influence, added to that of these
special meetings, resulted in 304 out of the 600 girls asking for baptism.
The one reporting the meetings adds, “ This marvelous work of the Holy
Spirit in this small town is beyond expectation, but it simply brought to
fruition many years of patient toil and seed sowing.” This last seems to
have been the experience everywhere. Christianity was brought to the
attention o f a multitude of new hearers, but the decisions were almost wholly
from those to whom Christianity was no new thing. In Sendai, where the
remarkable meetings culminated in 47 baptisms on one Sunday in one church
and as many more in a Presbyterian church, many of the new converts had
attended Sunday school for years. In M iyazaki and two other places in
the same field the meetings resulted in 100 accessions to the 3 churches,
which almost doubled the resident membership. In Imabara and Kochi
in the M atsuyama field an aggregate o f 77 was added the first Sunday, and
many more since; while in the Maebashi field, where the work centered in
1907] Japan Mission *37
four large places, with 200 Christians as the visible fruit of the revival that
has spread through the entire province, these beneficent results may be largely
attributed to this same movement.
I f we ask what the subsequent effects and results of the movement may
be, we must confess to a feeling of deep anxiety in view of the great burden
that has been laid upon the churches o f training and establishing in the
faith this vast influx of undeveloped material. A s one says, “ It is one
thing to get and another to hold, and our pastors are driven to prayer and
much hard thinking in order to cope with the task that has been laid upon
them.” And there are other gains. The wide hearing that has been
accorded the gospel, the awakened sympathy or the definite espousal of
the Christian cause by many leading men in public and private life, and the.
new places that have been opened for Christian meetings are remarkable
achievements. Public buildings, government schools, business men’s clubs,
have opened their doors freely— a thing that would have been impossible
ten, or even five, years ago. Here are other results of the movement, also,
which Mr. Pedley records: “ A n eagerness to work for the province as a
whole, rather than for any one church; growing consciousness of respon
sibility to God on the part of lay members, and a difference in the Sunday
sermon— not less intellectual, but more fervent and direct.” The move-
ment seems to have been born of the Spirit of God.
Preaching and Touring.— The work above outlined is, of course, largely
Kumi-ai work, though our own work has been more or less tributary to
it, and our own chapels have been greatly affected by it. Coming now to
what is more particularly the work for which the mission is responsible,
we would mention first the general preaching and touring, which occupies
so large a part o f many of the missionaries’ time. In all the stations much
of this kind of work is being done, and there seems to be little falling off
in the demand for it. In spite of his imperfect command of the language,
the missionary’s presence and message count. Occasionally some unsolicited
testimonies are received as to the missionary’s influence that give cheer.
For instance, on the occasion of the leaving of Dr. and Mrs. D eForest on
furlough, a few months since, the local Sendai paper spoke in complimentary
terms of the esteem in which their friend was held, and added: “ I f our
people think that they have made Japan what it is today by their own
strength alone they are greatly mistaken. Behind Japan’s victories, Japan’s
intellectual and moral progress, there are these missionaries who have
always stood for the cause o f justice.”
The missionary’s ability to preach acceptably brings him into a variety
of forms of service. Sometimes he is called upon to assume virtually all
the duties of a pastor over a local church for a considerable period o f time,
as has been the case with Mr. Newell in the Komachi Church during the
past year. A gain it is gospel tent preaching that invites him, as in connec
tion with the exposition in Sapporo, which has absorbed so much of the
missionaries’ time there recently ; or street preaching, as in Otaru, where
two missionaries and two Japanese pastors worked together for a month
Japati Mission [Report
or more, and at the close one of the pastors said he felt “ a new zest in the
preaching of the gospel, and his pulpit now was as broad as the limits o f
the city.” Even on train or boat or omnibus the missionary often finds
the interested group to whom he may open up the W ord of life. Further
to be mentioned is the service that is being rendered through the English
sermon, for which the missionary is frequently called upon, either on spe
cial occasions or in the more regularly sustained services like that in Kyoto,
which is o f so great value not only to the resident foreign community, but
to the large number of tourists who visit the city.
Bible Classes.— N ext to preaching and touring perhaps no form of work
occupies more o f the missionaries’ attention than teaching the Bible to indi
viduals and to groups of interested inquirers. Much of the teaching is in
English, and many students come at first for the sake of the English, but
they gradually become interested in the truth till they are glad to study the
Bible deeply for its own sake. One of the missionaries in Niigata has had
six English Bible classes during the year from different classes of society,
all o f which have resulted in direct and visible spiritual results. A ll pas
tors regard their Bible work as very important, and some put their main
strength into it. For instance, one pastor in the M iyazaki field has had as
many as twenty-four different appointments to teach the Bible weekly, either
with groups of seekers in private homes or with individuals at his own house.
It is surprising what a demand there is for Bibles. A Bible seller recently
sold in M iyazaki over a hundred copies of the New Testament in three days,
and this notwithstanding the fact that another agent had sold as many
there not two years before and that the missionaries are selling Bibles
constantly.
There is probably not a lady worker in the mission, whatever her other
work may be, but has one or more Bible classes, chiefly among students.
Especially noteworthy in this line is Miss Bradshaw’s work in Sendai and
Miss Daughaday’s work in Sapporo. In the absence of all the representa
tives o f the Sendai station no detailed report for the past year is available,
but in other years it was said there were more accessions to the church
through Miss Bradshaw’s Bible classes than through any other agency,
while the Sapporo missionaries give a similar testimony as to the value of
Miss Daughaday’s work.
Sunday Schools.— This form of work is gaining increased prominence,
and rightly so. It is hard to overestimate the value o f this work with chil
dren in laying strong foundations. There are seven Sunday schools supported
by the mission in Kyoto, five of them under the charge of as many of our
lady missionaries, while in the entire city there are twenty-eight of all denom
inations, twenty-three having joined the newly formed association. This
national Sunday School Federation has been organized as the result o f the
visit o f Mr. Frank L . Brown, the representative o f the International Sunday
School Association. It is hoped that this ‘ federation will lead to a great
increase o f interest in the work of the Sunday school, and to a more intel
ligent zeal in the production of Sunday school literature. From the first of
Japan Mission *39
July it will assume charge of the publication of quarterlies and other lesson
helps. In Sapporo one school is reported as under the local missionary’s
control; in Sendai there are two; in Tottori two either controlled or sup
ported by the mission; in N iigata there are three; and in Miyazaki there is
one in the missionaries’ house and several others here and there connected
with the station’s work. The largest and most remarkable Sunday school
in Japan is the new one organized the first of January in the Okayama
orphanage of 900 members. H aving no building large enough to contain
them all, they have met every Sunday thus far for their opening exercises
under the blue vault o f heaven.
Women's W ork.— Among the different ways in which the lady mission
aries are exerting a strong influence may be mentioned especially the work
<lone through the church women’s societies, which are more or less active
in all stations. These societies have, in most cases, some Bible study con
nected with them, and in various ways they are aiding the local church
and the Christian cause. Regarding the work of one such society in Mae-
■bashi our correspondent writes, “A society of the young women of the church
has been formed, and they distinguished themselves early in their career by
inviting 150 girls who reel silk in the factories, and treating them to an
afternoon entertainment in which the needs of body, mind, and soul were
fully met.” Another item which gives encouragement may be mentioned
in this place. “ A woman’s meeting held in connection with the recent
evangelistic movement in Annaka was attended by some 400 women, less
than 100 of whom were Christians.”
Cooking classes are in some places also proving a valuable means of
reaching and influencing ladies of the higher social ranks. Helpful work
is being done also in a few places through temperance societies. In Niigata,
besides the customary wom ens societies, there is a mothers’ meeting and
three flourishing societies for girls of different ages, all of which are
developing true Christian womanhood and raising up workers for the cause
o f Christ. This is in “ darkest Echigo,” where a common threat of parents
to their little girls is, “ I f you are not good we will not let you be a geisha.”
In passing we must mention the valued work of the Bible-women, so
closely associated with the missionaries. It would be difficult to calculate
how many homes are opened to the hearing of the gospel through these
earnest sowers o f the W ord. The Tottori correspondent speaks especially
of the w ay in which their Bible-woman won her way to the hearts of a
large number of people in a few months.
M usic.— The missionary has a large opportunity for influence, both
direct and indirect, if he possesses musical ability. Japan is seeking musical
culture with ever increasing earnestness, and the demand for instruction
in music is second only to the demand for English. Successful classes have
been maintained during the year in a number of places, notably Tokyo,
Niigata, Osaka, Tottori, and Miyazaki, while the work of our missionaries
in the first three places in developing musical taste in certain churches has
not only been valuable for its own sake, but it has been an important evan
140 Japan Mission [Report
gelizing agency. Mr. Allchin has been able to extend his services in this
line to a number of different places. Organs have been bought by several
churches during the year, and the sale of the Union Hymn Book has now
exceeded 100,000 copies. A new Union Hymn Book for Sunday schools is
in process o f preparation.
Special Success .— W e rejoice in the prosperity of the K u jo Chapel in
Osaka on the completion and entrance into its beautiful new building; in
M iyakonojo of the M iyazaki field and its large numerical increase,, trebling
the former resident membership; in the spiritual revivings that have come
to so many churches, especially Marugame in the Matsuyama field, A yabe
in the Kyoto field, and several o f the churches in Okayama prefecture;
and for the steady and growing usefulness of the Nagaoka Church in Echigo
throughout a large community.
One is amazed on reading of the Christian activity of business men
like Mr. Hadano, of the silk filature in Ayabe, of whom mention has already
been made, or o f the Sumitomo fam ily— the proprietors of the Besshi cop
per mine— who, though not Christians, have done so much for the support
o f the gospel in that region; or o f the Ogura Railroad Construction Com
pany in T ottori— Christian business men in whose path Sunday schools,
Bible classes, and preaching services have started up like magic. These are
only a few of the evidences o f the vitality o f the Christian forces during
the year past.
New W ork .— The opportunities for new work have been more than could
be met. Am ong the new enterprises may be mentioned the start in Suma,
a fashionable resort near Kobe, opened and sustained in conjunction with
the local district association; also the beginning of a promising work in
Obihiro in the Hokkaido; Bible classes for the first time in a village near
Okayama, famed as the seat o f an important academy; and the reopening
o f the entire Tottori field after a suspension of two years. This last is worthy
o f somewhat detailed mention. Since withdrawing from this station the
work, though not entirely lost, has not flourished. The welcome accorded
the returning missionaries was therefore especially cordial, and the addi
tion at once to the working force of four missionaries (two permanently
and two for the year only), a new evangelist, and two new Bible-women
has made possible not only the reviving o f the old work but the starting of
new. A s a result o f the new life a large new church has been projected,
a new organ has been purchased, and one or more new preaching places
have been opened.
The development of the Otaru branch of the Hokkaido work, and the
decision that one o f the two missionary families in Sapporo should take
up residence in Otaru, has meant the virtual opening up of a new work,
i f not of a new station. W e will not attempt to write of the new fields
that might be entered and that ought to be entered.
C H U R C H B U IL D IN G
One of the remarkable signs of the times is the unprecedented activity
during the last two years since the close o f the w ar in church building.
J9°7] Japan Mission 141
N ever in the history of Christianity in Japan have we seen anything like
it. There is hardly a station in which there has not been some church
building enterprise on hand during the past year. Reference has been made
to the fine new K ujo Chapel in Osaka. The Heian Church, the oldest
church in Kyoto, has recently completed the remodeling of its structure,
making it the largest in the city. Maebashi has a large new church under
way, and Tottori is planning for large things. In the Niigata field two
new buildings have been completed, at Shibata and Nakajo, and two other
•congregations are soliciting aid. In the Kyoto field two new churches have
been built at Fukuchiyama and Shimmaizuru, and one other place is making
plans. In the M iyazaki field, in addition to the recently completed exten
sive repairs on the Miyazaki church, there are five other places where the
Christians are raising money for church buildings. Dr. DeForest, in report
ing a certain tour through Northern and Central Japan, says: “ O f all the
tours I have made in Japan I never struck such a fever for church build
in g as I found among the Kumi-ai Christians this time. I made a list of
twelve churches newly built or doubled in size or planned for in the imme
diate future, at a total cost of 15,000 yen, which is 5,000 yen more than they
used last year.”
A t the 1906 mission meeting a voluntary association was formed among
the missionaries for the purpose of aiding these churches which are making
such heroic efforts to properly house themselves. In pursuance of this plan
300 yen has already been expended in aid of four churches, while applica
tions are in hand for at least five more. Now is the time for a large
•expenditure of money by those who would show real sympathy with these
struggling Christians in Japan.
E D U C A TIO N A L W ORK
In General.— The past year has been remarkable in educational circles
io r the interest that has been manifested throughout the country in Chris
tian teaching and Christian teachers. Normal and middle schools have
opened their halls for Christian lectures; one missionary writes that since
the first of January he has been invited to speak in primary schools ten
different times; another has been teaching a few times a week in a govern
ment middle school, thus adding to his influence, while another has recently
been appointed a lecturer in the Kyoto Imperial University. Bible classes
am ong students and teachers of government schools have multiplied, while
our Christian schools are nearly all filled to the limit of their present capac
ity. Never was the student body of Japan so accessible to Christian teach
ing. The change from eleven years ago is almost incredible.
Schools Connected with the Mission.— The mission is now connected with
seventeen Christian educational institutions, either in direct control or assist
ing the Japanese. O f this number four are kindergartens, five are higher
girls’ schools, including Kobe College and the Doshisha Girls’ Department,
and three are elementary schools for the poorer classes in Matsuyama and
Okayam a, as previously mentioned. O f the remaining five, two are the Kobe
I 4 2 Japan Mission [Report
Kindergarten Training School and the Kobe W omen’s Evangelistic School,
while three are comprised under the Doshisha as the college, academy, and
theological school. Hanabatake includes three schools in one— a kinder
garten, a prim ary department, and a night school.
Doshisha .— The prosperity of Doshisha may be inferred from the fact
that in all its departments the present enrollment is the largest for years,
aggregating 781 students. In April, 1907, Rev. Tasuku Harada, pastor o f
the Kobe Kumi-ai church, was inaugurated as president of the Doshisha
and principal of its schools, he having been elected to fill the two offices
that had been left vacant by the resignations of Messrs. Shimomura and
Niwa. His coming is hailed with great satisfaction, since he not only
possesses marked ability for the position, but he holds the good will of all
the institution’s constituents, which should result in centering the interest
o f the entire Kumi-ai body upon this school. Another event of importance
is the coming, after two years of study abroad, o f Dr. Sidney L. Gulick,
to occupy the chair of systematic theology, which will add strength to the
institution as a whole.
In the academy the large number of applicants has made it necessary to
limit the number of students who may be received. In the college a divi
sion has been made into two departments, economic and literary, and the
lecture system has been largely extended. The entering class of 20 last
fall in the theological school was the largest for years, and it seems as
though a beginning were to be made in the solution of the most vexed
problem before the Japanese churches today— the supplying of well-equipped
Japanese Christian leaders. There are 33 students now enrolled, and
the fraternity o f feeling which the mission enjoys with the Methodist
Protestants and United Brethren is evidenced by the fact that of this num
ber two are from the former and one from the latter body. Most of the
students are engaged in some form of evangelization work under the direc
tion of the city pastors. There is a plan for lengthening the curriculum from
four to five years, that the best possible training may be given before the
students go out into the active ministry. In the girls’ department the prob
lems of administration of the year are nearing harmonious solution. An
almost entire change in the corps of Japanese lady teachers has brought
inevitable confusion, but things are gradually changing to a more stable
basis.
The crying need of the Doshisha at this stage is for a more adequate
endowment and funds that can be used for necessary enlargement. In con
clusion we will quote from Mr. Lombard’s report: “ W e are at the begin
ning of a great forward movement under the administration of President
Harada. The prospects of the school were never brighter. F or the needs
of development in the theological and college departments the alumni are
planning to increase the income by gifts, and an endowment project is being
inaugurated.”
Kobe College.— The past year has been marked as one o f material change
and blessing. A piece of land adjoining the college grounds of about an
1907] Japan Miss ioti M3
acre in extent has beeh leased, and a well-equipped building has been erected
upon it for the academy classes, with vacant space left for athletic grounds.
In addition to this a handsome new structure, the largest of all the buildings,
is in process o f erection in the center of the college grounds. This will be
used as chapel, library, and administration building combined. The campus
is also being transformed and beautified.
A n important event of the year has been the organization of a board of
managers, of which several members, among them two alumnae, are Japanese.
The results thus far have abundantly justified the change. The musical
department of the school has done good work during the year, and the science
department has been strengthened by the return, unexpectedly, of Dr. Hol
brook. A beginning has been made in organized student self-government
which promises well. There has been a quiet deepening of the spiritual life
among the students without any marked revival interest. Eleven have
received baptism.
The Osaka Baikwa Girls’ School.— Unusual changes have been made in
the teaching force of this Japanese school, yet this thirtieth year of its
history has been marked by vigorous work and heightened usefulness. The
great value of the school, apart from its educational character, consists in
its vital spiritual influence. Teachers and pupils are all in regular Bible
classes, 131 are members o f the two Christian Endeavor Societies, and the
atmosphere of the whole institution is intensely Christian. There are 32
in vernacular graduating class for 1908, and 7 in the English class, one of
them in the fourth generation of Christians.
Matsuyama and Maebashi Girls’ Schools.— Both of these schools have
progressed steadily in numbers and efficiency. The former has now been
under the mission’s care for one year, and the school has been entirely
transformed both in its equipment and in its inner life. Both schools are
saturated with the Bible, and the spirit of the teachers is excellent. In the
former school, out of a graduating class o f 9 only 2 were not Christians,
while in the latter 16 of the 34 graduates were Christians.
Woman’s Evangelistic School.— This school is just completing the twen
tieth year o f its life in its present quarters, and reports a total of 65 Bible-
women trained and graduated since the beginning of its history. A new
home for the school is now in process of building on its own premises, and
it is expected that with the new building and the new missionary helper
who is coming the institution will gain in effectiveness and power. Certain
Kumi-ai pastors have been asked to act as an advisory committee to give
counsel and sympathy, and it is believed this will make a new point of con
tact with the churches.
Kobe Kindergarten Training School.— W e rejoice with Miss Howe over
the progress this school has made during the year. The first large class
has come, consisting o f 16 girls, with a waiting list o f 10 more. New
equipment has been added and improvements made, and a large g ift has
come from a Japanese who appreciates what has been done for his children.
The Kindergartens.— The mission’s five kindergartens, including the one
1 4 4 Japan Mission [Report
in Hanabatake, have flourished as usual, each having a large list o f children
w aiting for vacancies to occur.
PUBLICATION
General.— There has been no great volume of Christian literature pub
lished this year, though there has been a normal increase.
Kumi-ai Publications.— The most notable publications of the year aside
from periodical literature are the several volumes of a new series of- Expos
itor’s Bibles, by leading Kumi-ai pastors, a “ L ife o f Jesus,” by Mr. Harada,
an “ Introduction to the Old and N ew Testaments,” by Mr. Makino, besides
a number o f translations o f standard religious works.
Mission Publications.— W ith the cooperation of the Mission Publication
Committee the first five volumes o f the revised edition of Dr. Learned’s
“ New Testament Commentary” have been published by the Keiseisha,
together with his large volume of “ Church H istory,” the second edition of
Dr. D avis’s large volume o f “ Theology,” and his two smaller volumes of
lectures given in the theological department o f Doshisha, entitled, respec
tively, “ Successful Evangelistic W o rk ” and “ Revivals, Their Nature and
History,” also a second edition of “ The Mother P lay.” Dr. Atkinson has
continued the publication of Morning Light, with a circulation of 42,800
copies during the year. Mission News, with a circulation of 500 monthly,
has served to keep the mission in touch with itself and with the Christian
public abroad. Dr. Pettee has had a large hand in the monthly publication
of the Christian Endeavor and The Orphan Asylum, as heretofore. Dr.
Greene has prepared the fourth annual issue of The Christian Movement in
Japan, a most valuable volume to all who are interested in the deeper
progress of the nation.
ANNIVERSARIES
In addition to the previously mentioned twentieth anniversary of the
founding of Okayama Orphanage must be mentioned the double anniversary,
celebrated in February by the Naniwa (the second) church of O saka— the
thirtieth o f its own life and the twentieth o f the death o f its first pastor,
the Rev. Paul Sawayam a, that remarkable “ Pastor o f P astors” and “ Apostle
of Self-support.” The thirtieth anniversary of the founding of the Heian
Church in Kyoto, together with the completion of the remodeling of its
building, was duly celebrated in October.
STATISTICS
The statistics are presented in two sections. The first table presents the
statistics o f the educational institutions with which the mission has been
connected during the year (A pril, 1906, to April, 1907). The second table
gives the main statistics published by the Kum i-ai churches, in connection
with which we work, under the Kumi-ai bukwai o f districts, together with
corresponding figures in parallel columns o f the work o f organized chapels
or preaching places still under the care o f the mission. The two sets of
Japan Mission 145
figures are mutually self-exclusive. The figures for the preaching places
of the mission do not include local preaching places whose converts are
enrolled with other churches. In many cases, unfortunately, the figures for
the mission’s work are only approximate. These statistics are for the year
extending from January i to December 31, 1906, hence there will in some
cases seem to be discrepancy between these statistics and the figures given
in the body of the report, which are from April to April.
E D U C A T IO N A L S T A T IS T IC S
Institution. Place. Control and support. Enrolled last year.
Graduated this year.
Presentenrollment.
Glory Kindergarten...............
Airin K indergarten ...............
Imadegawa Kindergarten . .
Maebashi Kindergarten . .
Kindergarten Training School,
Woman’s Evangelistic School,
Night and Industrial School
Factory Girls’ School . . . .
Hanabatake School
Kobe College and Academy
Matsuyama Girls’ School . .
Baikwa Girls’ School
Maebashi Girls’ School . .
Doshisha Girls’ School . . .
Doshisha Academy . . . .
Doshisha C o lle g e ...............
Doshisha Theological School
Kobe
Kyoto
Kyoto
Maebashi
Kobe
Kobe
Matsuyama
Matsuyama
Okayama
Kobe
Matsuyama
Osaka
Maebashi
Kyoto
Kyoto
Kyoto
Kyoto
Mission control and support
Japanese control ; mission assists
Mission control and support
Mission and Japanese
Mission control
Japanese control ; mission assists
Detailed figures for Hanabatake
Í Kindergarten
Primary School
L Night School
64 -5
55
55 24
40 •3’>
ir > j 4
24 4
64
55
41
1C
24
2G 8 60
142 12i
141
244 24 210
68 9 I 73
249 23 1 203
130 34 140
198 20 208
474 35 48C
52 A 49
24 3 1 38
23 6 32
71 6 ' 85
48 24
G E N E R A L S T A T IS T I C S F O R 1906
wOS
District or bukvuri and missionary centers.
H okkaido Sapporo Tohoku Sendai K w anto Tokyo . Maebashi Niigata K yoto . Kyoto . Osaka . Osaka . Kyogo Kobe . Chnkoku Okayama Shikoku Tottori . Matsuyama K y ushiu . Miyazaki K e ijo . . Seoul, Korea
Kumi-ai totals Mission totals
18116
139
957
’ 1134
30125
53123
612
49530
24615 33
13516
8
3,666203
59979
4(5(5
3,010
6693
1,687148
1,55367
1,661
1,5311327:%41
1924237061
11,726878
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£ .i s
10»
487
‘e28
17327
13012
107
26022
133
5(53812
1,576173
o S2 «3 Si
ai S
38
112
498
104
107
89
233
107
30
40
1,358
•a
38
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379
1,04(>
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u
2,588
1,045
9,672
4,402
7,036
6,27(5
3,500
1,355
968
92
36,904
■“ CO
JfîHIso
374
95
2,157
1,146
2,8:35
1,8758150
347
4(51
312
10,430
3,898278
2,297
16,855
80180
12,444
13,697997
13,614
5,4702,7744,234
29340
1,576147915
74,9994,825
.2 5¡ i
636
2761,392
996
850
1,310
5521,800
8,137
6,247
4,630
42,603
27,262
36,858
42,867
27,34!»
8,900
4,30(5
201,022
£Si«
Si-a
1 The first line (K) gives statistics for the Kumi-ai churches’ work, the other lines (M) for the mission’s work.1 Not including local gifts for mission chapel buildings.; Not including appropriations for touring or general evangelistic work, nor a grant of 3,139 yen to the Japanese Home Missionary Society. g
O
i9°7] Micronesian Mission J47
MICRONESIAN MISSION
W O R K F O R T H E G I L B E R T I S L A N D S
Residing at Honolulu.— Hiram Bingham, d . d . , Ordained.
Residing in the Group.— Alfred C. Walkup, Ordained.Residing at Kusaic.— Miss Louise E. Wilson.
W O R K F O R T H E M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S
Residing in the Group.— Clinton F. Rife, m . d . , Ordained; Mrs. Isadora Rife.
Residing at Kusaie.— Miss Jennie Olin.
W O R K I N T H E C A R O L I N E I S L A N D S
P o n a p e .— In charge of the German missionaries.
j T r u k .— Martin L. Stimson, Ordained; Mrs. Emily B. Stimson, Miss Elizabeth
Baldwin, Miss Jane D. Baldwin.
W O R K I N T H E M A R I A N A S
G u a m .— Herbert E. B. Case, Ordained; Mrs. Ada R. Case.
In this country.— Irving M. Channon, Thomas Gray, Albert A . Jagnow,5 Ordained;
Mrs. M ary L. Channon, Mrs. Leta D. Gray, Mrs. Maria G. Jagnow, Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Miss Ida C. Foss.
On the way out.— P. H. Delaporte, Ordained; Mrs. Delaporte.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment by the American Board but by
the Liebenzeller Mission o f Germany.— Rev. S. Hugenschmidt, Mr. Ernst Weise, Mrs.
Weise, Mr. Maeder, Mr. Doenges, Mr. Seibold, Miss Lina Luling, Miss Minna Karrer.
Such reports as have reached us from this mission have come in a some
what fragm entary form, owing to the absence of several of the missionaries
from their stations and the irregularities of communications. Mr. and Mrs.
Channon have not been able to return to their work in the Gilbert Islands,
but hope soon to be on their way. Mr. Walkup left his work for a few
weeks that he might come to the United States, in the hope of securing a
new vessel which should enable him more adequately to care for the work
in the Gilbert group. Mr. and Mrs. Gray were in much need of a furlough,
and left Ponape at the beginning of the present year. Mr. and Mrs. Jagnow
were in such physical condition that it was deemed necessary for them to
come to the United States; and Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte, of Nauru, have
also taken a furlough of a few months that they might come to the United
States and also visit their home in Germany. Miss Foss and Miss Hoppin
are still detained in this country.
The special event of the year connected with this mission is the con
summation of an agreement between our own Board and two German organ
izations— the Christian Endeavor Union (Jugenbund) and the Liebenzeller
M ission— for cooperative work in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. Men
tion was made in the last annual report of the arrival of two German mis
sionaries on Ponape. Since then, after somewhat extended correspondence
with the friends in Germany, a formal agreement has been made in reference
to the relations o f the different parties in carrying forward all this work.
JThis name heretofore was spelled Ruk.
“Mr. Jagnow died October 16.
148 Micronesian Mission [Report
The Christian Endeavor Union o f Germany has shown great enthusiasm in
entering upon missionary work in the colonial possessions o f the German
empire, and, while entirely ready to provide the funds necessary for the
support o f several missionaries, the union is not so organized that it can
conduct the administrative and business part o f the enterprise. It has,
therefore, sought alliance with the Liebenzeller Mission, which w as origi
nally established as a branch of the China Inland Mission, having a number
19073 Micronesian Mission 149
o f missionaries in the province o f Hunan in China. Liebenzell. its head
quarters, is in W urtemberg, twenty miles from Stuttgart, and is thoroughly
organized for administrative work. The following points are named in the
agreement entered into by the Am erican Board and these two German
organizations:
“ (1 ) The missionaries who are sent out to Micronesia from Germany
shall be appointed by the Liebenzeller Mission, and shall be under its direc
tion as to places and methods of work.
“ (2) The Jugenbund will take for its part of the work the provision
of funds to meet the cost of sending out and maintaining the laborers
appointed by the Liebenzeller Mission, also providing for such buildings,
schools, and transportation of workers and scholars as may be needful in
the prosecution o f the work.
“ (3) In the fulfillment of these mutual assurances the Am erican Board
is w illing to continue the missionaries o f its own appointment within these
two groups of islands, the Carolines and the Marshalls, so long as it may
be deemed needful for the successful maintenance of the work, the mission
aries gradually retiring as their places may be supplied by the German
societies.
“ (4) The times and method of transference of the different sections
o f this work to the Liebenzeller Mission, including the property now held
by the Am erican Board, shall be fixed by mutual agreement. It is under
stood that so soon and so far as the Liebenzeller missionaries can take
upon themselves the responsibilities of the work the Am erican Board will
Avithdraw its missionaries and turn over all care and support to the Lieben
zeller Mission. Until such time it is expected that the missionaries of both
organizations w ill seek to labor in entire harmony, consulting together as
far as may be essential for successful prosecution of the work, .and making
such mutual arrangements as shall be for the best interests of all.”
These friends in Germany are heartily at one with the purposes and
methods on which the Board has conducted its missions hitherto; in the
choice of its agents and in the management of its missions we may antici
pate entire harmony. O f course the arrangements have not been fully
perfected as yet, and there has not been time to adjust the different parts
o f the w ork; but we can only rejoice at the interest shown by our German
allies, and at the depth and sincerity o f their purpose to give the gospel to the
people in the colonial possessions for which they deem themselves specially
responsible. It is believed that as German missionaries, under the imperial
German government, in the Caroline and Marshall groups, certain infelic
ities hitherto attending the prosecution of missionary work in these groups
will be obviated i f in due time this work can be wholly transferred to
their care.
The Morning Star has been out of commission during the whole year,
and the vessel is still unsold. The heavy cost o f running the vessel by reason
of the scarcity and high price of coal in Micronesia is the only reason why
the vessel has not been engaged in touring. The lack of its service has.
Micronesian Mission [Report
of course, entailed great loss, and the reports received from the different
groups have been very meager.
The Gilbert Islands.— Notwithstanding the discouragements arising from
lack of continuous supervision and the absence of Mr. and Mrs. Channon
all the year, it is affirmed that the work is in fairly good condition. One
very encouraging feature has been the steadfastness and stability of the
teachers, which has been quite a gain over previous years. Mr. W alkup
speaks o f some encouraging features in the work before he left early in
January. A t Butaritari the zeal of the Christian Endeavor Society was
most manifest, and the evangelistic committee was seeking to meet the needs
of the outlying villages. A similar encouraging report comes from M arakei
and Nonouti. A t Tapituea, Apemama, and T araw a the people had lapsed
into the demoralizing dances which lead many astray. Y et at the last
named place a native preacher was working effectively and with manifest
successes, controlling the tumult in the villages. A t Apaiang the Christian
community, though not large, is strong and full of good works, o f which
Mr. W alkup gives the follow ing illustration:
A t the communion table Pastor Teraoi presided, and after the closing
hymn the people brought their home missionary collection, amounting to
over fifteen dollars, Mr. W alkup then leading in a prayer of thanksgiving;
but before the dismissal the W om an’s Board wished to gather their contri
bution on the same table, and the women and girls gave over fifteen dollars
for their offering. Some of the schoolgirls brought fifty cents, and on
inquiry it was learned that these girls had cocoanut trees which their parents
allowed them to set aside for this work. A fte r another prayer o f thanks
giving and an attempt to dismiss the audience, the Christian Endeavor
Society desired to present their contribution, which amounted to $12.50.
These gifts are certainly most generous, in view of the limited means o f the
people.
Mr. Channon, on returning to Micronesia, expects to be located at Ocean
Island, the only one o f the Gilbert group which is not a low coral island.
This one exception seems to have been brought about by the raising of
the floor o f the ocean in some past age, thrusting up pinnacles o f coral
some seventy feet or more in height. On these great masses o f coral
deposits o f guano were made by the sea birds, and the phosphorus in the
guano, uniting with the limestone of the coral rock, has resulted in vast
deposits o f phosphate o f lime, which is of great commercial value.
Nauru, which is included in the Marshall group, about one hundred
miles west of Ocean Island, has a similar deposit, though much larger. The
Pacific Phosphate Company has been organized for the mining and trans
portation of these rich deposits to various parts of the civilized world.
N ative Gilbert islanders have been brought to Ocean Island, where there
are at present 1,300. The Phosphate Company is in the control o f Chris
tian men, most of them English and German, and the natives in their employ
are well cared for. A lready they have built a large church. Mr. Channon
has large plans for work on Ocean Island, including a training school for
men whom he hopes to select from the islanders who are coming to work
with the Phosphate Company. There is every reason to anticipate a speedy
and most hopeful development o f Christian work not only on Ocean Island,
but through the Gilbert group. It is possible, also, that some arrangement
w ill be made with the London M issionary Society, which is working in the
five southern islands o f the Gilbert group, by which higher educational work
for the group can be carried on cooperatively.
The Marshall Islands and K usaie .— There is little to report as to the
progress o f the work at Kusaie. Dr. Rife, according to views which he
has held very strongly, that the work for the Marshall Islands should be
conducted within the' group itself, and not on the island of Kusaie, has
taken up his residence at Mejuro, and has opened his boys’ school on that
island. Mrs. R ife has returned to him there after her furlough in Am erica.
W e have no direct information in regard to the condition of the work under
Dr. R ife ’s care. On Kusaie Miss W ilson and Miss Olin have held stead
fastly to their idea that it was best to continue the girls’ schools on this high
and fertile island. They have had a somewhat reduced number of scholars.
Though not adequately supported, they have faithfully kept at their work,
believing that time would show that this was the best place for the training
o f these girls.
On the return of Mr. W alkup to Micronesia, where he is about arriving
at this time, he is authorized to charter, if possible, a motor vessel, by
which he and Dr. R ife can visit both the Marshall and Gilbert Islands,
including Kusaie ; also taking to their homes the girls who have now been
tor a long time in school on Kusaie. It is to be hoped that this arrangement,
though not all that could be desired, will serve to tide over the present
emergencies until a more adequate method can be devised for meeting the
needs o f this portion of the island world.
Nauru.— This island belongs politically to the M arshall group and hence
is under German authority. It is a unique mission station and has been
under the efficient care o f Rev. and Mrs. P. A. Delaporte, who for the past
six months have been absent on much needed furloughs. This island is, like
Ocean Island previously spoken of, a scene of busiest activity because of
the immense work begun by the Pacific Phosphate Company. The agents
o f this company are very friendly, and are sincerely anxious to aid in all
good efforts for the elevation and Christianization of the natives. Laborers
in sufficient numbers cannot be obtained from the islands, and the company
has imported recently not less than 1,000 Chinese, who now have full employ
ment. The natives are tractable and seem to be deeply attached to their
missionary and his w ife. D uring their six months’ furlough Mr. and Mrs.
Delaporte have visited Germany, their native land, and have interested the
Germans in their work, and they expect to take back with them on their
return to N auru a trained Christian worker, Miss M aria Linke, who will
be supported by a woman’s organization in Germany.
Truk and the Mortlocks.— Mr. and Mrs. Jagnow having been compelled
to come to Am erica for reasons o f health, Mr. and Mrs. Stimson and the
1907] Micronesian Mission 1 5 1
i s 2 Mieronesian Mission [Report
Misses Baldwin have had the sole care o f the T ruk Lagoon. B efore leaving,
Mr. Jagnow could report that the natives are m anifestly learning more and
more the benefit o f Christian instruction, even i f they did not w alk in the
light which they were receiving. The people expressed much regret at the
leaving o f their missionaries, and begged them to return. Mr. Stimson has
given much time to the w ork o f the press that he may give the people what
they most urgently need, additional Christian literature.
A t K atua the schools have been maintained for at least thirty-four weeks
during the year, and Mr. Jagnow has continued the teaching o f the German
language. The health o f the pupils has been good, and though there have
been many deaths in the lagoon the schools have been m ercifully spared.
Each one of the native agents is expected to conduct a service and a Bible
school on the L ord ’s Day. In some o f these outstations there is also a mid
week gathering, and in some a special meeting for women only. The total
number o f church members in good standing in the T ru k Lagoon was 445;
there were also quite a number o f applicants for membership to the church.
It is with great regret that so little can be reported from the M ortlock
group. The chief item from these islands concerns the typhoon, which
swept over the group on M arch 27, submerging some of the islands entirely,
and washing aw ay trees, houses, and many of the inhabitants. A t T a 120
lost their lives, and on five islands the church buildings were destroyed.
T he destruction o f the breadfruit and cocoanut trees reduced the supply
o f food so that great care is needed in the use of such supplies as are on
hand. A id was sent from Truk, as well as from Ponape, to the islanders,
and the chief o f at least one island forbade his people to take pay from any
person in need o f food. A postscript to a letter dated M ay 30 announced
that men had arrived from Germany, sent by our new German allies to
aid in the work in the T ruk Lagoon. No information, beyond the fact of
their arrival, has been received in regard to these helpers.
Ponape.— Mr, G ray before leaving was not able to visit the islands of
N gatik and Nukuor, but he learned that the w ork was carried on regularly
and the schools had been maintained. A t N gatik there were 67 communi
cants and at N ukuor 68. A t the latter place all the children attend school,
and many o f the older people. The typhoon of 1905 so wrecked the island
of Pingelap that only about 300 remained there, yet the teacher, E tkar, gave
a favorable report o f the church work and the school. The situation in the
island world is most trying because of the loss o f their houses and their
trees. A t Mokil, also, the work was more or less demoralized by the storm.
It w ill be a year or two before these islands can recover from the disaster
from which they have suffered. A fte r the death o f Miss Palmer in February.
1905, and the departure o f Miss Foss to Am erica, the house at the Colony
w as completed and was found to be too small for the number who desire
to attend Christian services. One hundred and fifty could find room in the
house and on the veranda— Filipinos, M alays, Japanese, Pingelapers, Truk-
ites were present. It was found necessary to disband the girls’ school at
Oua, all the girls having been sent to their homes excepting those from
Micronesian Mission !53
Mokil, who remained in charge of Opatinia, the former missionary from
Ponape to the Mortlocks. Aside from the station at the colony on Oua
there are thirteen outstations, in eight of which there are regular day schools.
Though the Ponapeans are now very poor, Mr. Gray regards the work of
the churches in a hopeful condition, giving promise of good returns in the
future. Mention is made of the death of Siakwe, a heroic woman of Nukuor,
who taught her people all she knew of Christian truth, manifesting great
devotion to her Lord and Master and his work. Her death, it is said,
"“ was nothing less than the opening of heaven’s glory to her conscious
vision, and the arrival of the heavenly host to take her up higher.”
The teachers’ Bible class, maintained by Mr.. Gray while at Oua, ren
dered excellent service, meeting every week and carrying the message they
themselves received to the people in the outstations. When Mr. and Mrs.
G ray left Ponape, at the beginning of the present year, for their needed
furlough, Mr. Hugenschmidt took charge o f the work at Oua and Mr.
W eise took charge of that at the Colony. There are at present no Am er
ican missionaries on Ponape, and the work is wholly in the hands of these
German brethren, from whom as yet no direct report has been received
by us.
Guam.— In September of last year Rev. F. M. Price returned to Guam,
not expecting to remain there permanently, but only to complete the trans
lation o f portions of the Scriptures into the Chamorro language. It is an
illustration of the eagerness with which these translations were desired
that Mr. Price reported that the natives contributed the sum of $130 in
order that these translations should be issued in English and Chamorro in
parallel columns. They have called earnestly for a catechism relating to
Christian truth and practice, and Mr. Price prepared the manuscript for
such a pamphlet.
H aving finished this work of translation, and being confirmed in his
previous opinion that it would be impossible for himself and Mrs. Price to
endure the climate of Guam, they returned to the United States, and after
some months o f labor in overseeing the printing o f the Scriptures trans
lated they resigned their connection with the Board. Mr. Case speaks of
the great comfort and encouragement afforded by the presence of Mr. and
Mrs. Price during the months of their stay at Guam. Mr. and Mrs. Case
are now left alone as a missionary force at that island.
The population o f Guam consists of about ten thousand people, between
six and seven thousand of whom reside in the town of Agana. There are
here about 150 Am ericans, made up of the governor and naval officers, with
their families, a company of marines, and various clerks and government
employees. These Am ericans may as a class be described as nonreligious,
showing little care for any Christian influence. W ith the exception of
about 150 who belong to the Protestant community, all o f the natives of
the island are nominally adherents of the Roman Catholic Church. Their
religion is based on a grain o f truth covered over by a mass of superstition.
These people are spoken of as having a “ tropical temperament, friendly and
154 Mission to the Philippines [Report
easy-going., but as being as ignorant o f the essentials of Christian truth
as i f they were born in heathenism.” There are about forty members o f
the mission church, o f whom eight were received last year. Mr. Case has
reopened the mission training school and has had twelve pupils, in the work
for whom he is much interested. A larger force is needed to adequately
meet the conditions now existing. The field is not large, but it needs culti
vation, and this island, which belongs to our own country, should not be
neglected by Am erican Christians.
MISSION TO THE PHILIPPINES
D a v a o . — Robert F. Black, Ordained; Mrs. Gertrude G. Black.
This Mission to the Philippines was established through the g ift o f a single
individual, made for this particular purpose outside the regular contributions
to the Board. Mr. Black went to the Philippines in 1902 for the purpose
o f opening work in the southern island of Mindanao. The particular place
selected was Davao, where, with Mrs. Black, a Christian home has been
maintained, and persistent efforts have been made to reach the people. The
attendance at the service, which Mr. Black has sought to maintain regularly,
has been inconstant, the people fearing to break with their neighbors and
with the church, which still has some hold upon them. But it is m anifestly
true that the Catholic Church is losing its influence with the people, and
writh a proper w orking force it is certain that good results will follow from
the preaching of the pure gospel. Mr. Black speaks of the good influence
o f the public schools established by the Am erican authorities. Though of
course the teachers give no distinctively religious instruction, their influence
upon the morals o f pupils is excellent.
In a recent tour, taken January last in the northern part of Mindanao,
in company with two young Filipinos connected with the Presbyterian Mis
sion, Mr. B lack found the people ready to listen and ready to purchase
portions o f the Bible. The sales altogether amounted to 1,185 Gospels. O f
these the larger part were in the V isayan language, fifty were English, and
fifty were Spanish. In two or three places there were as many as two to
three hundred people ready to listen.
In June last Mr. B lack spent most of the time at the outstation of Santa
Cruz, where he found much that was encouraging. He had daily classcs
before and after the public schools, to which the children came in goodly
numbers. They had learned to sing many o f the children’s gospel songs,
and seemed to understand what they were singing. They wrere able to
repeat the Lord ’s P rayer and a part, at least, of the Shepherd Psalm, and
their faces seemed to betoken an intelligent interest.
Mr. Black feels him self almost helpless, standing alone as he does. This
mission should be reenforced if it is to be maintained at all. A number o f
gentlemen, chiefly in N ew Y o rk City, who have been impressed by the call
sent for a medical missionary for Mindano, have organized as the M in d an a o
Mexican Mission
Medical Association, and have resolved to support a physician in connection
with Mr. B lack’s work. Efforts have been made to find one qualified for
the position, and more than once it has been supposed that the proper
person had been secured; but the plans have been frustrated, and though
the search is still continued there is as yet no one secured to respond to
the proposal of this medical association, which is ready to send out and
support a physician who can open a dispensary and hospital and work in
connection with the missionary of our Board. The coming of such a helper
would be a great boon to the mission, and place it at once on a secure
footing.
MEXICAN MISSION
G u a d a l a j a r a .— John Howland, A lfred C . W right, Ordained; Mrs. Sarah B. How
land, Mrs. Annie C . W right, Miss Alice Gleason, Miss Octavia W . Mathews.
C h i h u a h u a .— James D. Eaton, d .d ., Ordained; Mrs. Gertrude C . Eaton.
H e r m o s i l l o .— Horace T . W agner, Ordained; Mrs. Della McC. Wagner.
P a r r a l .— Miss Ellen O. Prescott, Miss M ary Dunning.
E l F u e r t e .— Theodore F . Hahn, Ordained; Mrs. Anna S. Hahn.
C . G u e r r e r o .—
In this country.— Miss M. Lizzie Hammond, Miss M ary F. Long.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Alden B. Case, Ordained;
Miss Juanita Case.S ix station s; 59 outstations; 5 ordained m issionaries; 5 w iv e s; 6 single w om en;
total American missionaries, 16; 4 ordained native pastors; 3 unordained preachers;
16 teachers; 1 other native w o rk er; total native workers, 24. The 26 organized
churches have 1,391 communicants, 84 having been added by confession of faith during
the year; the adherents number 3,071; average attendance, 1,168; 2 churches, entirely
self-supporting; 45 places of regular meetings. In the 33 Sunday schools 1,384 pupils
are enrolled. The mission has 1 theological school, with 7 studying for the m in istry;
3 boarding and high schools, with 105 boys and 177 girls enrolled. The 7 other schools
have 154 male and 221 female pupils; total number under Christian instruction, 657.
The people gave for the support of their own work during the year, $12,596.
On account o f continued ill health Miss Hammond has found it necessary
to resign from the work of the mission. Miss Long also has been obliged
to come home on account of ill health. Mr. Case is still to be employed
in the Guerrero field, and his daughter, Miss Juanita Case, is engaged to
teach in the Colegio Internacional at Chihuahua.
GENERAL
The committee for the organization of a land company for the purpose
of holding the real estate of the mission in M exico has completed its work,
and the company has been organized under the title of La Ilustración. The
property at the various stations has been transferred to this new company.
A step forw ard has been taken by mission and M exican pastors in the
matter of administrative cooperation. W e know not what a year may bring
forth as to further development of this mutual sharing of responsibility,
Mexican Mission [Report
but prospects are bright. The mission seems to be upon the eve o f great
things in this connection.
A n advance in behalf o f public morality and Christian education was
made at the beginning o f the year, when a branch Y oung M en’s Christian
Association was established in Chihuahua. In a very real sense the new
secretary belongs to all the evangelical churches, and all wish to join hands
with him in his splendid work for the young men of all nationalities exposed
to the temptations o f the city. A great deal has been done in behalf o f the
cause o f temperance during the year, notably in Chihuahua, where an anti
liquor league has been formed.
EVANGELISTIC WORK
Chihuahua.— The mother church has had some trials during the year,
but has made gains in membership and in the amount contributed toward
self-support. Señor N ava resigned the pastorate after a service o f nearly
four years, and Señor Miguel Magdaleno, form erly o f Guadalajara, took
his place in M arch. A well-built parsonage was ready to receive the
pastor and his fam ily. There is very little to report o f the work in the
outstations. El Paso, however, remembers especially the State Convention
of Christian Endeavor Societies. T he pastor, as one o f the charter mem
bers o f the first Christian Endeavor Society formed in the republic, was
invited by the United Society to represent M exico at the Seattle convention.
O w ing to the sale o f the property where the meetings were form erly held in
C. Juarez, the church has rented a room more centrally located than before.
T h e English work o f the station is gaining in importance with the increas
ing influx o f foreigners and the material development o f the city and state.
1907] Mexican Mission *57
The circulation o f Christian literature in the station has been somewhat
more extensive than at any previous year; for besides the sales and dona
tions o f copies o f the Scriptures by an active colporter through the twelve
months, and the supplies of text-books to booksellers and public schools,
the receipts from the sales of religious publications alone have amounted
to $740 (M exican ). Besides this, Dr. Eaton has continued to serve as pub
lication agent o f the M exican Christian Endeavor Union.
Mr. Case has continued to give his time and energy unstintingly to the
touring work of the Guerrero field, the material progress of which is rapidly
increasing through activity o f mining operations and of railroad enterprises.
The church at San Buenaventura, a town that promises with its railroad
privileges to become one of the most important towns in Northwest Chihua
hua, is small but faithful and united. Regular Sunday services have been
reestablished at San Isidro, and a fund has been started for the construction
o f a church. Miss Case has maintained a Sunday school at San Antonio.
The church at Batopilas, though of much native strength, has suffered during
the past year because o f the lack o f a pastor.
Parral.— Evangelistic work in this station has received new impulse from
visits o f missionaries and other friends. There has been an English-speak
ing Sunday school class, averaging above 100. The church has taken a very
important step in assuming self-support since the first of January. Eight
members have been received, and the contributions have amounted to over
$1,000. Better results have been obtained from the women’s meetings by
holding them in one another’s homes. N ew impulse has been given to the
evangelistic work at the outstation of Santa Barbara because of the doubling
o f the population, due to the renewal o f interest in mining.
E l Fuerte.— One is already impressed by the greater liveliness in this
isolated and backward region and the friendly liberality of the population
at some of the points along the new railroad line. Under the present cir
cumstances, with a missionary alone in that whole district, with no native
helper anywhere, there is small outlook for an ingathering for some time
to come, though in the city, where the members of the congregation ha,ve
been under the personal influence of the missionary, some progress has been
made in the life o f the church. Mr. Hahn has had to confine himself to a
smaller number o f places, though these were worked more thoroughly and
visited with greater frequency. More or less regular meetings were held
in six o f the outstations. The numerical increase has been eight. The most
hopeful outstation at present is Lo de Vega, where meetings are held regu
larly every Sunday in a rented room. There is some thought o f building
a rude chapel. The E l Fuerte field is left vacant this present year, owing
to the necessity o f temporarily transferring Mr. Hahn to the Internacional
Colegio at Guadalajara.
Herm osillo .— O ur Board, through Mr. W agner and family, is the only
one at w ork in this remote yet important field. The Yaqui Indian troubles
continue, and depredations are general in some regions. The railroads and
mining camps bring a class o f people to the state (Sonora) that adds mul
Mexican Mission [Report
tiplied forces to the vices and irreligiousness o f the people; but the exten
sion of the railroad east, north, and south already gives good opportunities
o f reaching many towns form erly only reached by horse or stage. In the
city of Hermosillo the Christian Endeavor Society, Sunday school, women's
meetings, and the church services have had for several months an unusually
large attendance. Eleven new members were received, and the contribu
tions toward self-support amounted to $700. Cananea, the most strategic
outstation (being three times as large as any other town in the state and
with better prospects o f growth, with a population of 30,000, including
5,000 Am ericans and 4,000 Chinese), has more promise than progress to
report. The railroads are being extended to every section o f the state. This
naturally means many new towns; also it means that the evangelical Chris
tians will scatter in different directions. Something must be done to follow
up these people. W ith good pastors a large harvest could be expected.
There is need, also, o f conducting English services in Cananea and N acozari
among the thousands o f English-speaking people.
Guadalajara.— Messrs. W right and Howland have had charge of the
M exican church and Sunday school, respectively, during the year in the
absence of a regular M exican pastor. The most encouraging feature of
the work has been the establishment o f a branch Sunday school in Mesquitan,
a suburb o f the city where several families and church members live. The
total number received into the church during the year is seventeen (twelve
of whom were students) on confession o f faith. The Dorcas Society, always
loyal to the interests o f the church, has met regularly during the year, and
has shown much interest in planning for special celebrations and in helping
in social functions. Attendance at the Sunday school (averaging tw enty) has
been lower than for several y e a rs; on the other hand, the classes have done
better work than before. There has been greater regularity and better
system. The Union Pastors’ M eeting has been better sustained both in
attendance and interest. It is earnestly hoped that a M exican pastor for the
church may soon be found. Another attempt has been made to secure a
pastor for the English work of the church, but with no success thus far.
It is difficult to know what to say about the mission paper, the E l Testigo.
A more decided attempt has been made to secure M exican collaboration,
but with no large success, due to the excess o f work already in hand. The
day seems to be passing when no good evangelical paper can be sustained
except under the direction and with the financial support and moral pressure
of the missions. More than one influential paper, independent o f missions
and even hostile to them, has made a place for itself already. W hether this
points to a suspension o f this mission paper or to its being passed over to
native management and support is now a vital question.
E D U C A T IO N A L W O R K
The constant goal before the mission is to establish a work which will
propagate itself, being eventually put entirely into the hands o f the churches
of the country in which the work is carried on. H aving this object in view,
a 907] Mexican Mission *59
it is natural that with the longer continuance o f the mission the relative
importance o f the educational work should increase; that a larger propor
tion of the evangelistic and pastoral work should be done by those o f the
■country ; and that schools for the preparation of these workers should claim
the first attention of the mission. The M exican Mission is working towards
this end, and is gradually unifying the educational work.
The schools have made good progress during the year on the whole,
although some of them have done little more than to hold about the same
grade and amount of work as in other years.
Colegio Internacional ( Guadalajara).— Steady progress has been made
all along the line in the work of this school at Guadalajara, the capital of
the important state of Jalisco. The year ending the last of October saw
one graduate from the theological department, two from the literary, and
two from the commercial. The opening of the present school year found
the new dormitory completely filled. About the middle of M ay Mr. Hahn
came to the relief of the school in its trying situation, due to the loss of
several prominent instructors. The missionaries have been able to continue
the building of the school through the beneficence of a friend, adding a
much needed dormitory of equal size with the first two, and finishing up
the corridors, walls, etc. There is now beginning to be felt a need for more
recitation rooms and a large audience room for the usual large number o f
special occasions. A lso there is need of a gymnasium for the students.
The total enrollment thus far has been 44, 28 boarders and 16 day scholars.
A t present there are 24 boarding school pupils and 7 day scholars. There is
a larger proportion of non-evangelical students than ever before. This
makes stricter discipline and more constant supervision necessary.
The commercial department is the most attractive feature of the school
at present, and to it the school owes the entrance o f the greater part of
those who pay the full price of board and tuition. Young men of evangelical
principles and training are entering the various business houses of the
country, and are found to be so competent and trustworthy that there is a
constant demand for most of them. This department, if it is to hold its
place and continue the work, must be enlarged, advertised, and much better
equipped.
Instituto Corona ( Guadalajara).— During the ten months of the school
year there were enrolled in the higher department 17; intermediate, 23;
primary, 58; making a total o f 98. O f these, 49 were from nine evangelical
families. Seventy-three were enrolled in the Sunday school. Seven girls
have been received into the church since March of last year. It is found
that the boarding pupils receive much more help in every way than those
who come as day pupils. The influence o f the family life at the school is
very evident. A great need has been met by the organization of a literary
society among the students.
Inasmuch as the house into which the school was moved two years ago
has proved unsatisfactory, it is necessary to look for more suitable accom
modations. The time is coming when “ the trembling old desks and benches
i 6 o Mexican Mission [Report
should be replaced by something which is not bristling with nails and
splinters, and when a permanent house should be bought or built for the
Institute, if it is to try to continue to hold any place in the city among
well-equipped schools.”
O ver three hundred persons were present at the graduating exercises
in November. The two graduates are now giving good satisfaction as
teachers in mission schools and as workers in the churches to which they
have gone. A permanent change in the time of opening the school year
made necessary another graduation in April, two more graduating. O f the
thirteen graduates eight are teaching in the mission schools and two in
public schools.
Space will not permit an extended reference to the school work in
Tlajom ulco and San Miguel. In the latter the number of students was
larger than in previous years. The evening classes for boys (attendance 23)
and men (37) were continued, and the school was effective as well as popu
lar in the village, contributing much to the growth of the church.
Colegio Chihuahuense ( Chihuahua) .— Notwithstanding its customary
vicissitudes, this school has shown during the past year its characteristic
vitality and amply justified the extension of its quarters. Though the kin
dergarten has been greatly cramped in its two undersized rooms, it has
maintained a roll of between 30 and 40 children, in spite of a year of extraor
dinary illness. The primary department has gathered in some 40 children,
among whom has predominated an “ east side” element of irrepressible,
pugilistic little fellows, more than half of whom were from non-evangelical
families. N aturally a considerable part o f the time has gone into reducing,
by necessary discipline, the refractory members of the school. But the work
done has been a great gain, and it is earnestly hoped that the same children
w ill return and that the teachers will be permitted to enter into the fruits
o f the past year’s labors.
The intermediate department has for the first time in years enjoyed a
room with suitable dimensions. Out o f the advanced grades five girls have
concluded the preparatory course and received certificates, while one stu
dent in the normal course hopes to receive her diploma in December.
Through interest awakened by Miss Hammond, an important addition was
made during the past year to the physical laboratory.
The coming into the school building in January of Dr. and Mrs. Tames
D. Eaton marked an epoch in the Colegio’s history. The institution by
M rs. Eaton of a free Saturday evening playtime and of five o’clock prayers
on Sunday afternoons has become one o f the most cherished features of
the school life. The experiment o f the extended domestic work by which
the girls were successfully detailed to prepare breakfast and supper has
proved satisfactory.
The increased number o f boys and their successful incorporation into
the third and fourth grades is to be especially noted. This is one o f the
two institutions in the state that enjoys the distinction of providing the
only means of educating boys in the advanced grades under evangelical
19073 Spanish Mission 16 1
Christian auspices. The school would like to be able to open a boys’ depart
ment to prepare for the Colegio Internacional. For some months a small
evening class o f young men was conducted by teachers of the school, and
found most useful as auxiliary Christian Endeavor and Sunday school work.
Because of the absence of one of the missionary teachers, the school has
been more largely dependent upon outside aid in teaching. The total enroll
ment has been 170, including 30 boys; the average number of boarders, 15.
Parral School.— The number enrolled from August to May was 196,
almost one-third o f whom were in the kindergarten. No new pupils who
have been unable to pay have been admitted. A class of four finished
the sixth year and are hoping to be received in the Colegio Chihuahuense
next year. A s many of the pupils have come from families not members
of the congregation, there is a rare opportunity presented of helping break
down fanatical prejudice and of exercising positive Christian influence upon
the people in a w ay that might not otherwise be possible. The kindergarten
department has had a very popular year. It is outgrowing its quarters.
There will be a class of about twelve to graduate into the primary
department.
The missionaries long for room to take in all the children whose parents
appreciate the government and teaching of a Christian school.
SPANISH MISSION
M a d r i d .— W illiam H. Gulick, Ordained; Miss Anna F. Webb, Miss Alice H.
Bushee, Miss May Morrison, Miss Helen Winger.
In this country.— Miss M ary L. Page.
Associated with the mission, not under appointment.— Miss Isabel Cooper.
One station; 16 outstations; i ordained missionary; 4 single women; total Amer
ican missionaries, 5 ; 3 ordained native pastors and 4 unordained; 22 teachers ; 2 other
native helpers; total native laborers, 31. There are 8 organized churches, with 30S
communicants, of whom 36 were added by confession of faith during the year. There
are 16 places of regular meeting: average attendance, 522; adherents, 1,535. The 23
Sunday schools have a membership of 947. The boarding school for girls has 53 board
ing students and 8 day students, and 12 children in the kindergarten. There are also
14 common schools, with 591 boys and 283 girls enrolled; total number under Christian
instruction in the mission, 947. Native contributions for the support of the work, 5704;
for education, including income of the boarding school, $6,968. Pages printed on hired
presses, about 195,000 quarto.
The force in the mission remains the same as last year. Miss Page is
still detained in this country on account of her health. Miss Isabel Cooper
has conducted the kindergarten, as last year.
The mission was favored in the months of April and May by a visit
from Miss Lamson and Miss Day, officers of the W oman’s Board at Boston.
It is generally impossible to say of Spain that there is any specially
notable change in the political-religious aspects of the country from year
to year. But there is a steadily increasing tendency to liberty of mind and
1 62 Spanish Mission [Report
speech in regard to religious thought and action. There are two causes
for this. The first is the general trend of modern times in that direction,
from which even Spain has not been able to escape, and the second is the
presence and activities o f the different Protestant communities that are
found in almost every one of the forty-nine provinces of Spain.
OUTSTATIONS
A t Santander the evangelistic teacher who has had charge of the work
since the death o f the pastor last year has stood the test well. Beside the
superintendence o f the entire school o f some 300 pupils and the pastoral
care o f the church, with preaching two or three times a week, he has given
seven hours a day, five days in the week, to work in the classrooms. A special
feature of the w ork here is the Sunday school, with some 300 pupils.
The pastor at Bilboa shows that he is made of heroic stuff. Although
a confirmed invalid, obliged always to sit while he is speaking, he has hardly
lost a service in the week. In the school there is a group of particularly
bright boys from twelve to sixteen years o f age, who walk some four miles
each day to attend. The entire school o f 120 pupils pays in fees about forty
dollars a month, which is a proof o f the great success o f the school, as this
city is full o f municipal and clerical schools that give instruction free of
charge. Seven persons have united with the church here this year.
In the city o f San Sebastian there is so much religious fanaticism among
the inhabitants that the congregations and schools are under the closest
observation. This has its effect in continual changes both in church and
school. Members of the congregation often go to other parts o f Spain
•1907] Spanish Mission
or to Spanish Am erica in search of work o f which they are deprived by
those who are ceaselessly trying to break up the mission. In spite o f this,
however, the number of pupils in the school is between forty and fifty.
Logroño is the capital o f the province of the same name and has some
20,000 inhabitants. The first meetings held here were crowded to overflow
ing, and it seemed as if the whole city was ready to become Protestant.
But before many months the clergy arose en masse and organized a system
o f interruptions of the neighborhood meetings, in the genuine fear that
their own position would be greatly shaken by so popular a movement. This
had the effect o f calling back from the gospel the m ajority of those who
had for the moment thought themselves Protestant. But the work has
moved steadily forward, and now there is a church and a school of some
ninety pupils; also an active and progressive Christian Endeavor Society.
The pastor who has labored here for eleven years was ordained in September.
The community at Pradejón has had long periods of special trial in
the absence o f any preacher or teacher. They have, however, held meetings
and maintained their Christian life, and just now have a good pastor. The
w ife of this pastor, before her marriage, was the only official representative
of the gospel in the place, and conducted the church meetings and Sunday
school with all the skill o f an evangelist.
The school o f some seventy pupils has long been the leading one in the
village, and this school and the Protestant community are held in increas
ing esteem from year to year. The school fees are all paid in measures
o f wheat, handed in by the parents once a year after the yearly harvest.
The products of the sales this year are larger than ever before, and repre
sent considerable self-denial on the part of the parents to educate their
children.
The daughter of the evangelist at Tauste spent some years in the school
at San Sebastian and B iarritz and then was able to relieve her father of
most of the care of the school. A fter three years of teaching she married
a young man in the vicinity, and together they worked for the interests of
the gospel. But after a brief service, when everything was promising a
future o f great interest and importance to the community, this young
preacher has been suddenly called home by the Master.
The Protestants at Zaragoza have maintained their church and com
munity center at the same place in the street of Saint Paul so long that
they are almost as well known as any one of the great churches and cathe
drals that surround them. The pastor of Zaragoza is in every sense of the
term the bishop o f the district called El Alto Aragon, lying along the south
ern slopes of the Pyrenees. For years he has traversed the mountains and
valleys of this wide territory until he has become more or less acquainted
with every important household in it. In eight or nine different villages
he carries on organized work.
In Zaragoza itself the work has pursued the even tenor of its way.
The pastor’s time is more than fully occupied, with several sermons a week,
Bible classes, neighborhood meetings, frequent tours through the districts,
1 6 4 Austrian Mission [Report
and writing articles for the political press that permits discussion of religious
themes— a full and a productive life.
CH RISTIAN ENDEAVOR
The latest statistics show 47 societies and 1,483 members connected with
this society throughout the country. But they may well be reported by the
mission, as they are a direct outgrowth of the initiative and long-continued
labors o f the members o f this mission and its Spanish pastors. The paper
published by the society, Esfuerzo Cristiano, is an illustrated monthlv
magazine of some twenty-four pages. It is unquestionably the most attract
ive evangelical periodical published in Spain, and its reading matter appeals
to an important constituency of its own. The success o f this movement has
very largely depended upon this paper, which is the property of the mission:
its editor is largely supported by the mission. The Spanish Christian
Endeavor Union sent the editor as its official delegate to the convention
held in London.
TH E IN TERN ATION AL INSTITUTE
The above title has heretofore been applied to the entire educational
work centered in the institution which has been so long known by this
name. D uring the past year, however, for the sake of more effective work,
and for the purpose o f widening the field which it is hoped to reach by the
united efforts o f all concerned, a well-defined separation was made between
that which is the distinctive work of the W om an’s Board and that of the
corporation.
Thirty-seven girls have been examined in different studies to enter the
government schools, and the marks secured were as many in number and
of as high grade as have ever been won by the pupils. There are 64 board
ing pupils in the union school. Good work has been done notwithstanding
the new order o f things in the relation of classes, and there seems to be a
determined purpose on the part o f the pupils to make the most of the oppor
tunities that are within their reach. Twenty-eight are church members,
seven uniting the past year.
The exterior o f the new building is entirely finished. W ith the funds
available it has been possible only to complete the classrooms on the first
floor, together with the library. Miss Bushee has given much attention to
the cataloguing o f the library, which comprises some three thousand volumes.
AUSTRIAN MISSION
P r a g u e .— Albert W . Clark, d .d ., John S. Porter, Ordained; Mrs. Ruth E. Clark,
Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter.One station ; 2 ordained missionaries and their w iv e s ; 74 places for regular preach
in g; 24 organized churches, including one entirely self-supporting: 1,871 full members,
187 added by confession of faith since the last report; adherents, 6,325; average
attendance, 2,797; 18 Sunday schools, with a membership of 567; Bible classes for
Austrian Mission
adults on Tuesdays; 15 ordained preachers; 12 evangelists; 15 colporters; 2 Bible-
w om en; total native helpers, 44; 16 Y . M. C. A ’s ; 1 Y . W . C. A . ; 1 Rescue and
Reform Home. Contributions of the people, 37,000 crowns, equal to $6,326. Lit
erature circulated; Scriptures (Bibles, Testaments, and portions), 23,000; books, book
lets, 9,000; tracts, papers, etc., 155,000; 6 religious papers regularly published: 5 pub
lished monthly, 1 published three times per month.
There have been no changes in the personnel of this mission during the
past year. The work is progressing and encouraging.
SOME OF TH E SPECIAL FEATURES OF TH E YEAR
1. Ground bought and broken for a new hall in Prague for the mother
church.
2. Large g ift from a Scotch friend toward the building fund of Prague
church (nearly $20,000).
3. Large audiences in the four Prague churches continually.
4. Opening of doors all along the line in Bohemia, Moravia, and Russia.
5. A growing call for public lectures on religious and mission themes.
6. Continued exodus of promising young men and other members of
the church to the United States and Canada.
7. The growing necessity of pushing colporters and other lay helpers
into evangelistic work.
8. The visit of Drs. Creegan and Hitchcock, the first officials of the
Board to visit the work in twenty years.
9. Dedication of the new hall in Budweis, August, 1906.
COLPORTAGE
The fifteen colporters do a vast amount of pioneer work aside from sell
ing Scriptures. Several of them hold gospel meetings more or less regu
larly. Did the mission not have the help of these men, supported by the
Bible societies, it would be unable to carry forward the work as well as it
has done. It is the intention in the future to appoint only such men as
colporters who can, if needed, also do good service in holding gospel services.
TH E CHURCHES
The twenty-four churches in Bohemia.. Germany, Austria, and Russia
have little extraordinary to report, but generally speaking progress has
been made; the work is expanding beyond the capacity of the house accom
modations. Space will not permit a detailed account of the work in each
of these churches, nor any reference to the splendid work done by the fine
corps of pastors and other faithful workers. This force of pastors has
suffered loss in the death of Mr. Hodek, a colporter evangelist who began
work in the church at Klattau fourteen years ago. The whole city practi
cally came out to the funeral to honor this faithful servant of God, who
had suffered much persecution for Christ.
One o f the interesting features o f the work in Pisek has been the con
version o f a Jewess o f a well-known family. The growing church of
Austrian Mission [Report
Pilsen has indirectly led both the Lutheran and Reformed Churches to
begin the regular preaching of the gospel in the Bohemian language. P il
sen is an important railroad center, and the church administers to a large
number outside the city limits. Prague, the mother church, still sets a good
example for all the rest in the number of children it gathers in. A new-
house, toward which church members have given or loaned $10,000, is being
built, and should be ready November 1. W einberge has had the largest
congregation of any o f our churches, due in part to its larger, better venti
lated hall. People o f all classes attend services. Some of the members
have shown commendable zeal in an organized attempt to invite every fam
ily in this suburb of 60,000 to the services. This effort has certainly
swelled the audiences and brought the church to the attention of many
who would otherwise not know that it was there. The church in Zizkov.
a suburb of Prague, rallies around the pastor in the great work of carrying
the gospel to the 70,000 inhabitants of the city. It has received 18 new
members. W e cannot speak in too high terms of the Sunday school, with
the normal department, the first o f its kind— so far as we know — in A us
tria; o f the church work well systematized; of the blessed work for poor
and neglected children; and of the far-reaching activity for women. “ W e
do not know,” says Mr. Porter in his report, “ where one would find another
so efficient and spiritual body of believers, ‘ cribbed, cabined, and confined’
in so unsuitable quarters.”
TH E CHURCH IN MORAVIA
Mr. P orter has been obliged to take over the care of the M oravian
work, going nearly once a month for a tour in this province. H ere is an
A ustrian province o f 3,000,000 inhabitants, with wide-open doors, and yet
without a single ordained or unordained preacher who can give his whole
time to the work. Except for some work under the auspices of the German
Baptists no mission of any kind attempts work in M oravia. M oravia, like
Russia, sends up a Macedonian cry.
WORK IN RUSSIA
The church in Zyrardov has had a good year. Ten have been added
on confession o f faith. The pastor has been preaching every Sunday, twice
in German and twice in Bohemian, to good audiences, in a room all too
small. L arger quarters are needed here as well as in the other Russian
church at Lodz.
In Lodz, Russia, where the factories have been hotbeds for insurgents,
the word “ revolution” and not “ religion” has been the prevailing theme
o f conversation. A narchy has run riot, and the Christian work has con
sequently been fraught with difficulties. Nevertheless the missionaries can
w rite with conviction that “ the kingdom of God is coming in Russian
Poland.” There are now in Lodz four colporters, while last year there was
only one. These have far greater freedom than in Austria. A Bible depot
has been established for the convenience o f the colporters. A n almanac for
1908 is being prepared, which will be “ full of the gospel.”
TH E M ISSION'S OPPORTUNITY IN RUSSIA
Austrian Mission 167
T o emphasize the fact that through this mission the Board has at present
its best opportunity of helping Russia, we can do no better than to quote
from a personal letter of the senior missionary, Dr. C lark: “ Do the friends
of the Board know that we have already two churches in Russia, and that
these churches are treated in a friendly way by the government? Do you
know that we have two preachers there whose support must be begged by
the senior missionary at Prague? Do you know that we have four men sell
ing Scriptures in Russia, and that these men are selling many more copies
than the same number o f men in Bohemia? Do you know that our two
churches are raising up more choice men for colporters? Do you know
that I have now permission from the National Bible Society of Scotland
to appoint at once three more colporters in Russia? Do you know that one
of these men, a fruit o f our mission there, speaks Bohemian, Polish, Ger
man, and Russian, and that he now gives up a good place in a factory to
give himself to God’s work in Russia? Do you know we have already a
Bible store in Russia? Do you know that our first preacher in Russia is
publishing an important monthly paper that is well-nigh self-supporting?
Do you know that there are more than 200,000 Bohemians in Russia? Do
you know that a Bohemian can learn Russian in six months? Bohemians,
because of language and sympathy, are just the men to labor in Russia.
Dr. Patton is right in referring to Russia as presenting the greatest mis
sionary opportunity in the history of Christianity. Do ask the churches
to pray for Russia.”
T A B U L A R V IE W O F T H E M IS S IO N S O F T H E A. B. C. F, M. FO R T H E Y E A R 1906-1907.
M i s s i o n a r i e s . N a t i v e L a b o r e r s . C h u r c h S t a t i s t i c s . E d u c a t i o n a l S t a t i s t i c s .
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W. Cent. Africa South Africa :
1880 4 IS it 1 8 10 28 30 29 29 92 17 4 309 29 3,155 4 1,222 22 2,081 2,081 *51Zulu Branch 1835 12 21 10 1 (i 10 27 8 16 89 372 485 231 25 I >60 326 16,980 39 2,087 1 7 4 302 59 3,855 3,964 845Rhodesian Br. 1893 » 5 2 3 2 •r’ 12 5 8 13 19 2 131 46 1,300 4 170 3 160 2 98 273
Europ’n Turkey . 1859 4 57 10 . 7 () 26 18 12 51 18 100 61 17 1,453 62 4,003 53 2,535 1 5 1 71 3 166 25 578 820 6,123Western Turkey 1819 s 97 21 * 30 28 86 40 a5 305 44 424 122 44 4,816 247 16,876 118 11,830 1 8 3 353 17 1,857 132 5,995 8,347 76,023Central Turkey0 1847 4 61 6 1 15 7 29 21 37 215 27 279 56 34 6,224 236 18,189 68 10,789 1 12 3 331 16 922 116 5,138 6,403 23,265Eastern Turkey" 183G 5 77 12 16 16 48 18 34 152 24 228 65 45 3,170 183 10,30(1 59 6,534 2 8 1 242 14 557 75 5,367 6,174 9,870Marathi 1813 132 14 4 16 17 51 30 is 327 110 496 59 55 6,618 545 13,062 175 8,089 1 20 8 923 150 3,735 7,167 2,452Madura 1834 10 381 15 7 14 36 22 160 345 116 643 381 36 6,227 540 19,812 292 8,237 2 54 1 482 9 1,260 208 6,940 8,736 11,142( ' e y l o n 1816 6 33 3 r 3 11 12 17 361 40 430 44 18 1,922 108 63 3,413 1 84 2 317 128 10,208 10,609 8,143Foochow1' . 1847 5 105 8 1 19 10 41 11 80 117 110 318 157 83 3,001 261 7,058 73 2,018 2 11 2 67 8 444 120
331,667 2,205 12,715South China 1883 2 42 2 2 4 3 38 38 7 86 43 3 4,000 537 4 300 1 44 581 627 3,582North China . 1854 7 90 14 4 12 18 48 8 58 58 53 178 97 8 3,795 307 6 '500 23 1,368 14 ’ 1 35 14 426 31 374 1,213 3,056Shansi- 1882 2 7 3 1 2 3 ¡1 5 6 S 19 12 2 75 25 250 2 59 3 58 117 166
Japan 1 1869 12 102 23 1 24 21 69 91 24 115 122 87 12,604 1,358 38 7,832 1 24 2 968 3 447 95 421 1,860 39,912Philippines 1903 1 2 1 1 2Micronesia . 1852 4 61 8 6 6 20 11 73 37 0 130 149 6,177 1,014 3,995 56 i ,564 5 110 97 979 2,942 2,332Mexico 1872 6 5.0 rj 5 5 15 4 3 16 1 24 45 26 1,391 84 3,071 33 1,384 1 7 3 282 7 375 667 12,596Spain 1872 1 16 1 4 5 3 4 22 2 31 16 8 308 36 1,535 28 947 ! 1 61 24 874 947 7,672Austria 1872 1 73 2 2 4 15 12 17 44 74 24 1,871 187 6,325 18 567 6,326
Totals 105 1,429 169 3 31 1844 187» 571 321 637 2,176 1,011 4,135 1,770 580 68,952 6,131 132,417 1,148 70,886 13 172 15 2,633 113 8,337 1,327 49,324 65,152 $226,271
1 The statistics of the Kumi-ai churches and of the Japan Mission are combined. ' Of whom 10 are physicians.
2 Statistics of Fen-cho-fu not included. 8 Of whom 6 are physicians.
s Of whom 12 are also physicians. 8 in part figures of previous year.
Treasurer's Report 1 6 9
TREASURER’S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1907
DISBURSEMENTS
W h e n the accounts were closed August 31, 1906, the debt o f the Board
was $85,417.39, but before the Annual Meeting at North Adams last October
receipts for the purpose were sufficient to remove all this indebtedness.
W ithout including this $85,417.39, the disbursements for the year ending
August 31, 1907, were $877,631.95. This amount as compared with the
previous year shows an increase in current expenditures of $23,951. Com
pared with the average expenditures of the previous three years the increase
is $41,656, and compared with the expenditures five years ago the increase is $136,328.
The analysis of these larger disbursements as compared with five years
ago shows an increase of $43,666 paid by our own Board, aside from the
W oman’s Boards, for missionary salaries on the field. The increase in appro
priations by our own Board for native agencies was $5,754. The increase
in the appropriations of the Woman’s Boards for both salaries and general
work was about $30,000. The increase in gifts restricted to specific work
outside of regular appropriations was $8,342. The remainder o f the increase
was due partly to the greater cost of maintaining missionaries’ families while
on furlough in this country, including their transportation to and from the
field, partly to larger amounts necessary to provide and maintain suitable
buildings for the conduct of our work on the field, and partly to the cost of
the Young People’s Department, a new branch of our work within five years.
There has also been an inevitable increase in other administrative expenses,
necessary in this day of multitudinous appeals adequately to present our
work to our constituency at home.
It is clearly seen from the above comparisons that the cost of our work
is steadily increasing from year to year, due, as already stated, to the greater
cost o f living at home and abroad, and in no small measure to the success
ful development of the work, resulting as it must in an imperative need for
a larger number of workers, with more adequate buildings and equipment.
LEGACY OF MR. SOLOMON H . CHANDLER
The Board has received $361,649.65 during the year from the estate of
Mr. Solomon H. Chandler, late of New Gloucester, Me., in cash and secu
rities taken at the executors’ appraisal. Mr. Chandler’s will limits the
amount to be taken from the income of the legacy and from such portion
of the principal as may be necessary to $30,000 each year for four years,
to be expended for the general purposes and objects of the Board, not in
cluding the reduction at any time of its indebtedness. A fter the expiration
of the four years $25,000 are to be taken each year until both the principal
i 7 o Treasurer's Report [Report
and thè income of the legacy are exhausted. Under this provision the Board
has taken $17,500 from the income and the legacy during the past year.
This sum is that part o f $30,000 which represents the fraction o f a year
which has elapsed since Mr. Chandler’s will was probated.
LEGACY OF MR. GEORGE H . WESTON
P art o f another large legacy has been received, that of Mr. George H.
W eston, Boston, Mass. The amount already received from this source^
including income on securities, is $115,692.50. No restrictions apply to the
use o f this legacy, and under the plan adopted of averaging legacy receipts
$57,200.42 has been carried to our current legacy receipts for the year, and
the balance, $58,492.08, has been carried to our reserve legacy fund.
CONDITIONAL GIFTS
Tw enty-four new Conditional Gifts have been received during the year,
eleven of which came from previous donors. These gifts amounted to
$48,350. The gifts maturing by the decease o f donors amounted to $32,500,
and after deducting this sum the amount of Conditional Gifts now in hand
is $582,903.41, or a gain o f $15,850 over last year.
A new permanent fund of $150, the Susan B. Church Memorial Fund, has
been added during the year, the income to be used annually for the support
o f native agency work.
TH E TW EN TIETH CENTURY FUND AT WORK
On M ay 28, 1900, Pres. Samuel B. Capen and Mr. D. W illis James, at
that time Vice-President of the Am erican Board, formulated and presented
the plan, afterwards unanimously indorsed by the Prudential Committee,
known as the Twentieth Century Fund, to equalize the sum available each
year from legacies. The old method, except in the case of extraordinary
legacies, had been to spend the money as received. The new method pro
posed was to put the legacies into a fund, one-third only to be spent each
year. It was estimated at that time that $125,000 would be the average
annual legacy receipts. T o make the transition possible it was proposed to
create a fund equal in amount to the average receipts for two years, namely,
$250,000, to be called the Twentieth Century Fund. This fund is still incom
plete, only $143,156.90 having been paid, with $5,000 additional pledged. The
interest of this fund’s investment has been added each year to the fund.
A year ago, however, with the consent of the donors, $5,666.66 of accrued
interest was applied to the canceling of the Board’s debt.
On July 3, 1906, the Prudential Committee, with the approval of the
donors to this fund, voted that the fund should become operative during the
fiscal year o f the Board beginning September 1, 1906. Although the amount
o f the fund was much less than originally contemplated, it was believed to
be sufficient to meet such drafts as diminished legacy receipts falling below
$120,000 may require it to pay. Interest earned on investments and special
g ifts to the fund from time to time w ill add to its reserve. In operation,
1907] Treasurer’s Report 171
therefore, the Twentieth Century Fund will become useful and effective in
accomplishing to a large extent the purpose for which the completed fund
was designed.
The decline of receipts from legacies during the three years previous
to 1906 led the Committee to fix upon $120,000 instead of $125,000 as the
prospective yearly average of legacies, thereby reducing the amount required
as the basis for the Twentieth Century Fund from $250,000 to $240,000.
W ith this modification the plan was placed in operation. To the sum total
o f $240,000 was added the actual legacy receipts of the current year,
$207,738.12, making $447,738.12. This total divided by three gives the
amount of legacy receipts available for expenditure this year, namely,
$149,246.04. This sum subtracted from $447,738.12 leaves $298,492.08 as
the basis for next year. T o this balance the total legacy receipts of 1907-08
will be added, and when divided by three will give the sum which will be
available for expenditure next year. The large amount of legacy receipts
this year under the present plan adds $58,492.08 to our reserves for averag
ing legacy receipts. This, with the $143,156.90 already in the Twentieth
Century Fund, makes the total amount of *such reserves $201,648.98 now in
hand.CURRENT RECEIPTS
The regular current receipts for the year have been as follows: —
Churches and i n d i v i d u a l s ...................................... $343>3° 3-75W oman’s B o a rd s ................................................................... 239>333-93Sunday schools and Christian Endeavor Societies . 13,109.62
Receipts for special o b je c ts ...........................................................51,062.19
Legacies, including $57,200.42 from estate of George H.W e s to n ......................................................................................149,246.04
From estate of Solomon H. Chandler for specified use, 17,500.00
I n t e r e s t ........................................................................................21,411.17
The total amount of these current receipts is $834,966.70. Added to this
is $6,029.73, the excess over the amount entered the previous year as due
from cooperating societies, and this sum, $840,996.43, deducted from the
current expenditures already reported of $877,631.95, leaves a debt to be
carried to the account o f the new year of $36,635.52. I f we go back again
five years to 1902 for a comparison of expenditures and receipts when con
ditions were similar, a previous debt having just been canceled, we find an
increase in current receipts of $64,537.43 from churches and individuals, and
of $24,623.32 from the Woman’s Boards.
W hile it is hoped that the period of greatly decreased legacy receipts,
which began twelve or fifteen years ago, has passed, the average legacy
receipts of the last three years hardly warrant us to expect the same amount
from this source next year that we have received this year. This is true
also of this year’s lapsed Conditional Gifts. For the maintenance of our
work it is evident then that we must expect an increased expenditure next
year, and for the receipts needed to meet this increase we can reasonably look
to no other source than to our living donors.
172 Treasurer’ s Report [Report
W ith profound thanksgiving for the generosity o f all who have contrib
uted to the result, it should be stated that i f we add to the amount o f the cur
rent receipts, $834,966.70, the $85,417.39 received in September and October
last year and used to cancel the debt o f the previous year, and if we add also
what was received from the estate o f the late George H. W eston which was
carried to our reserve legacy fund, $58,492.08, we have the gratifyin g result
o f $978,876.17 as the total receipts o f the Board for the twelve months
ending August 31, 1907.
I9°7] Pecuniary Accounts 173
PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS
E X P E N D I T U R E S O F T H E B O A R D D U R I N G T H E Y E A R E N D IN G A U G U S T 3 1 , 1 9 0 7
COST OF TH E MISSIONS
Mission to West Central AfricaRemittances, drafts, and purchases...................................................... ... £15,591.2:-;Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 4,594.32Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fr ic a ........................................... 6,594.11Grants for missionaries’ children in this country .................................................................... 1,080.00Procuring and forwarding su pp lies .......................................................................................... 406.10 £28,265.76
Mission to East Central AfricaRemittances, drafts, and purchases.......................................................................................... $7,991,91Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 1,558.67Traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa........................................................................... 568.19Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 225.00Procuring and forwarding supplies.......................................................................................... 305.70 £10,649.47
Zulu MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases........................................................................... ... $34,745.47Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 4,084.28Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fr ica ........................................... 1,131.58Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 900.00Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 610.60 ¡Ml ,471.93
European Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$32,489.26Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 1,095.09Outfit, refit, and traveling expenses of missionary to T u rk e y ............................................... 640.02Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 521.09Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 305.70 135,051.16
Western Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$87,582.70Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 8,188.87Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ....................................... 3,018.13Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 1,575.57Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 1,509.60 $101,87-1.87
Central Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..........................................................................................*35,796.56Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country ............................................... 3,043.19Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u rk ey...................................................... 1,811.35Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 375.00Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 305.70 £41,331.80
Eastern Turkey MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$39,992.61Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country............................. . . . . 2,634.48Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Turkey ........................................ 1,263.18Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 312.50Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 1,220.57 $45,423.34
Marathi MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$79,995.46Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country.................................................. 3,901.93Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to In d ia ........................................... 2,395.64Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 3,324.77Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 1,016.70 $90,634.50
Madura MissionRemittances, drafts, and purchases..............................................................................................$53,453.95Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 5,356.68Refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to I n d ia ......................................................... 561.02Grants for missionaries’ children in this country.................................................................... 1,372.82Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 813.20 $61,557.67
*
C e y lo n M is s io n
Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$13,838.04Expenses of missionaries and their families in this cou ntry ................................................... 1,454.52Traveling expenses of missionary to C ey lon ............................................................................ 238.51Grant for missionary child in this cou ntry ................................................................................ 125 00Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s .......................................................................................... 305.70 $15,961.77
S o u th C h in a M is s io n
Remittances, drafts, and purchases........................................................................................... £0,191.20Traveling expenses of missionary to China .............................................................. . . . 298.80Expenses of Deputation for this mission ............................................................................... 379.57 $6,869.57
F o o c h o w M is s io n
Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$43,146.64Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 2,770.91Outfits, refits, and tfaveling expenses of missionaries to C h in a ........................................... 4,340.53Grants for missionaries’ children in this country............................................ . . . . 1,510.45Procuring and forwarding su p p lies ........................................................................................... 915.40Expenses of Deputation for this mission ................................ 700.00 $53,383.93
N o r t h C h in a M is s io n
Remittances, drafts, aud purchases...............................................................................................$53,784.97Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 4,898.72Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China ...................................................... 2,377.74Grants for missionaries’ children in this cou ntry ..................................................................... 1,679.04Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ........................................................................................... 1,117.50Expenses of Deputation for this mission ................................................................................ 1,400.00 $65,257.97
S h a n s i M is s io n
Remittances, drafts, and purchases ................................................................................... $8,373.92Expenses of missionary’s family in this country ................................................................. 370.00Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to China .................................... . . . . 424.19Grant for missionary’s child in this c o u n try ............................................................................ 62.50Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ........................................................................................... 101.67Expenses of Deputation for this m is s io n ................................................................................ 400.00 f9 ,732.28
J a p a n M is s io n
Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$88,643.19Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country................................................... 6,813.81Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to J a p a n ............................................ 3,202.43Grants for missionaries’ children in this country . . . . . . 1,861.18Procuring and forwarding su p p lies .......................................................................................... 710.03 $101,230.64
M is s io n to M e x ic o
Remittances, drafts, and purchases...............................................................................................$22,555.00Expenses of missionary and family in this country................................................................. 512.50Grants for missionaries’ children in this country..................................................................... 773.50Procuring and forwarding su p p lies ....................................................................................... 202.50 $24,043.50
G r a ?it-i? i-a id f o r H a w a iia n I s la ? id s
Remittances, drafts, and purchases........................................ $350.00
M ic r o n e s ia n M is s io n
Drafts and purchases........................................................................................................................ $16,529.46Expenses of schooner H ir a m B in g h a m .................................................................................... 673.75Insurance of schooner H ir a m B ingham ................................................................................ 300.00Refits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Micronesia ............................................... 2,993.40Expenses of missionaries and their families in this cou ntry ................................................... 4,002.10Grants for missionaries’ children in this country..................................................................... 1,285.23Procuring and forwarding su p p lie s ........................................................................................... 305.66 $26,089.60
M is s io n to S p a in
Remittances, purchases, and forwarding supplies ................................................................. #14,139.69
M is s io n to A u s t r i a
Remittances and forwarding su pp lies ....................................................................................... $11,034.98
W o r k i n th e P h i l i p p i n e s
Kewittances and forwarding su p p lies ....................................... $2,494.13
174 Pecuniary Accounts [Report
i 9° 7] Pecuniary Accounts 175
COST OF COMM UNICATING INFORMATION 1 . A g e n c ie s
'Salary of Rev. C. C. Creegan.................................................................................................... $3,500.00Traveling expenses of Rev. C. C. C re e g a n ........................................................................... 46.80Salary of Rev. A. N. H itch co ck ............................................................................................. 3,600.00Traveling expenses of Rev. A. N. H itch cock ........................................................................ 74.57Salary of Rev. H. Melville Tenney ...................................................................................... 2,166.64Traveling expenses of Rev. H. M. T e n n e y ........................................................................... 314.72Circulars, tracts, advertising, postage, clerk hire, rent, and stationery ............................. 16,234.40Traveling expenses of returned missionaries and others in this department ..................... 2,274.40-Services of Rev. W. E. Strong in this department......................... 500.00Expenses of Conference for new missionaries........................................................................ 554.80Expenses of District Secretaries’ Deputation, ¡S3,2G7, less >1.145 contributed . . . . 2,122.00 $31,288.44
2 . Y o u n g P e o p le 's D e p a r tm e n t
Salary of Mr. Harry Wade Hicks .......................................................................................... $3,000.00Traveling expenses of Mr. H ick s............................. 1,350.01Clerk h i r e ..................................................................................................................................... 1,939.01Circulars, tracts, stationery, and postage, less receipts from s a le s ............................. 2,528.88 $8,817.90
3 . P u b lic a tio n s
Cost of M issionary H era ld , including salaries of editor and general agent and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors, honorary members, andd o n o r s ................................................................................................. $11,017.63
Deduct amount received from subscriptions............................. $3,158.64for advertising in M issionary H e r a ld ......................... 756.03income from Missionary H era ld F u n d ..................... 131.00 4,045.67 $6,971.96
Annual Report .......................................................................................................................... 793.33Dr. Gates’s sermon, 2,000 copies . . 47.00Almanacs, $459.18, less $309.14 received from sales ..................... . 150.04M ission D a y s p r i n g ................................................................................................................... 320.29Congregational W o r k ................................................................................................. 735.21Clerk h ir e ..................................................................................................................................... 350.00Expense of distribution of miscellaneous publications......................................................... 50.00Pamphlets, tracts, and miscellaneous printing.................................................. 1,700.03
Less amounts received from sale of literature ....................................... 267.86 1,432.17Expenses of preparation of History of American B o a r d ...................................................... ‘2,558.84Expenses of Haystack Memorial V o lu m e .......................................................... 1,818.22
Less receipts from s a l e s ............................................................................... 1,453.76 364.46 $13,773.30
COST OF ADM IN ISTRATION
1 . D e p a r t m e n t o f C o r r e s p o n d e n c e
Salary of Dr. Barton, $3,750, less $787.74 received from Fund for Officers...................... $2,962.26Salary of Dr. Patton, $3,750, less $787.74 received from Fund for O fficers.................. 2,962.26Salary of Dr. E. E. Strong in this department........................................................................ 2,5(10.00Salary of Rev. Enoch F. B e ll.................................................................................................... 1,800.00Clerk hire ................................................................................................................................. 5,135.92 $15,360.44
2 . T r e a s u r e r 's D e p a r tm e n t
Salary of Treasurer, $3,750, less$787.75 received from Fund for Officers............................. $2,902.25Clerk h i r e .............................................................................................. 6,813.16 $9,775.41
3 . N e w Y o r k C ity
Office re n t..................................................................................................................................... $416.00Clerk hire ................................................................................................................................. 789.23Stationery, postage, furniture, and incidental expenses............................ 414.60 $1,619.83
4 . M is c e lla n e o u s C h a r g e s
Rent of Missionary R oom s...................................................................................... . . . . $3,394.56Electric lig h ts .............................................................................................. 126.00Furniture and r e p a ir s ..................................................................................................... • • 458.97Copying letters, documents, etc.................................................................................................. 1,388.33Expenses of Annual M eeting.................................................................................................... 891.0iPostage s ta m p s .......................................................................................................................... 1,155.45Stationery, printing, and b in d in g ............................................................................................. 942.79Certificates of honorary membership and commissions for new missionaries...................... 51.70Books and periodicals for lib ra ry ............................................................................................. 579.42Rent of boxes in safe deposit vaults.......................................................................................... 125.00Bill of examiner of a cco u n ts .................................................................................................... 150.00Care of rooms and incidentals ................................................................................................. 884-83 $1°.M8.12
$ 8 7 7 ,6 3 1 .9 5
1 7 6 Pecuniary Accounts [Report
RECEIPTS
Donations, as acknowledged in the M issionary H e r a l d ................................Legacies, as acknowledged in the M issionary H e r a l d ....................................Interest on General Permanent F u n d ..............................................................Due from cooperating societies in excess of amount credited in previous year Balance at debit of the A. B. C. F. M. August 31, 1907 ................................
This Fund amounts as last year to
FUNDS OF THE BOARD
GEN ERAL P E RM AN E N T FUND Income for general work
PE RM AN EN T FUND FOR OFFICERSThis Fund amounts as last year t o .................................... .................................The income of this Fund, applied to salaries, w a s ...................................................
TW E N T IE T H CENTURY FUNDThis Fund amounted August 31, 1906, t o ..................... $142,999.76Deducted towards debt of that d a te ................................................................. 5,666.66 $137,333.10Received during the year .................................................................................................. 5,823.80
This Fund amounts to
This Fund amounts to
This Fund amounts to
This Fund amounts to
CON DITION AL GIFTS FUND
ASA W. KEN N EY FUND
BANGOR CHURCHES FUND Income for salary of missionary
ORILLA C. KELLOGG FUND
W ILLIAM W H IT E SM ITH FUND Income for education of native preachers and teachers in Africa
This Fund amounts as last year t o ...........................................................................................
H A RR IS SCHOOL OF SCIENCE FUND Income for current expenses of school
This Fund amounts as last year to ............................................................................
A N A TO LIA COLLEGE ENDOW M EN T FUND Income for current expenses of college
This Fund amounts as last year t o ....................................................................................
HOLLIS MOORE M EM O RIAL TRUST Income used for Pasumalai Seminary
This Fund amounts as last year t o ....................................................................................
MISSION SCHOLARSHIPSThis Fund September 1,1906, w a s ........................................................................................ $16,492.25Added during y e a r ..................................................................................................................... 196.20
C. M ERRIAM FEM ALE SCHOLARSHIPThis Fund amounts as last year t o .............................................................................................................
BENJAM IN SCH N EIDER M EM ORIAL FUNDThis Fund amounts as last year t o .............................................................................................................
MARASH TH EOLOGICAL SEM IN ARY FUNDThis Fund amounts as last year t o .............................................................................................................
A N N IE A. GOULD FUND Income for education of Chinese g i r l s .........................................................................................................
$646,724.99 166,830.54 21,411.17 6,029.73
36,635.52
$877,631.9&
?42P,‘-’-->3.22
$46,028.002,363.23
$143,150.90-
$552,903.41
$30,000.00
$12,000.00
$10,906.00
$30,859.38
$25,000.00-
$37,824.91
<5,000.00
$16,688.45
$3,000.00
$1,961.52
$1,800.00
$1,550.00'
GORDON THEOLOGICAL SEM INARY, T l'N G -C H O U , CHINA This Fund amounts as last year t o ........................................................................................................... $10,000.00
FOOCHOW COLLEGE PROFESSORSHIP ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts as last year t o ........................................................................................................... $10,000.00
ST. PAUL’S IN STITU TE FUND Income for St. Paul’s Institute.................................................................... $78,600.00
MRS. D. K. PEARSONS M EM ORIAL ENDOW MENT Income for Anatolia C o lle g e ...................................................................................................................... $50,000.00
ADANA MEDICAL FUND This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $3,303.9-1
JAFFNA M EDICAL MISSION ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $7,777.69
W OM AN ’S MEDICAL MISSION ENDOW MENT, JAFFNA This Fund amounts t o .............................................................................................. *1,075.00
BLANK MEM ORIAL FUND Income for scholarships, Anatolia College
This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................................... $2,000.00
ATTERBURY FUND Income for work in China
This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................. $4,750.00
AM H ERST COLLEGE NEES1MA ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts t o ....................................................................................................................... • • $l,58f>.12
NORTH CHINA COLLEGE ENDOW M ENT Income for current expenses of college
This Fund amounts as last year t o ........................................................................................................... $10,000.00
W ILLIAM S HOSPITAL ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................................................. $3,000.00
DIA R BE K IR HOSPITAL ENDOW MENT This Fund amounts to . . . ................................................................................................................... $20,000.00
C. F. GATES M ARDIN HIGH SCHOOL SCHOLARSHIP This Fund amounts as last year t o ..................................................................................................... *1,740.10
H ERBERT R. COFFIN FUND Income for native agency
This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $4,850.00
SECOND CHURCH, AINTAB This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $3,029.92
VLANGA CHURCH FUND This Fund amounts t o .................................................................................................................. >9,069.5<
MARSOVAN CHURCH FUND This Fund amounts as last year t o ......................................................... ................................ >¡*,.-»2 01
A TW ATER MEMORIAL This Fund amounts to .............................................................................................................................. >1.950.00
ALLEN MEMORIAL FUND Income for regular work of the Board
This Fund amounts t o ................................................................................................................................. $4,000.00
S. B. POOR MEM ORIAL FUND This Fund amounts to . . ............................................................................... $5,000.00
19073 Pecuniary Accounts 177
AM E LIA A. LEONARD FUND Income for educational work in Marsovan
This Fund amounts as last year t o ....................................................................................... . . . . . 82,002.36
"M ISS IO N A R Y H E R A L D ” FUND Income for expenses of publishing M issionary H e ra ld
This Fund September 1, 1906, w a s ............... $2,455.00Added during the y e a r ............................................................................................................ 125.00 #¡2,580.00
ROGENE T. FULTON FUND This Fund amounts to..................................................................................................................................... £1,000.00
ALBERT W EN TW ORTH FUND This Fund amounts as last year t o ............................................................................................................. $1,000.00
17 8 Pecuniary Accounts [Report
FRAN K H. W IGGIN, Treasurer.Boston, Mass., September, iqo~.
B o st o n , September 25, 1907.W e have employed Robert J. Dysart, expert accountant, who has examined the books
and accounts of F r a n k H. W i g g i n , Treasurer of the American Board of Commissioners
for Foreign Missions for the year ending August 31, 1907, who reports them correct. His statement we herewith submit as a part of this report.
W e have examined the certificates of Stocks, Bonds, and other Securities held by the
Treasurer, representing the Investments of the several Funds of the Board, and find them
to correspond with the Balance Sheet of August 31, 1907, and with the detailed statements
of the books of the Board in which these Funds are entered.
The Treasurer’s Bond, duly approved, was exhibited by the chairman of the Prudential Committee.
E d w in H . Ba k e r ,
H e n r y E. C o b b ,
W il l ia m B. P l u n k e t t ,
Auditors.O f f ic e o f
R o b e r t J. D y s a r t ,
Public Accountant and Auditor. M e r c h a n t s B a n k B u i l d in g ,
28 S t a t e S t r e e t , B o s t o n ,
September 24, 1907.To the Auditing Com?nittee o f the
American Board o f Commissioners fo r
Foreign Missions, Boston.
G e n t l e m e n : I beg to advise that I have made my annual audit of the books of the
Board for the year ending with the 31st of August, 1907, and have the honor to certify
herewith to the accuracy of the accounts as disclosed in the balance sheet under date of
August 31, with a balance of $36,635.52 standing to the debit of the Board.
In the course of my examination I have covered thoroughly all points dealing directly
with the receipt and disbursement of money, and have verified in detail the postings, foot
ings, balancings, cross entries, etc., of the general ledger, as well as of all of the books of
original entry.
I have proved and counted the cash balance in safe and on deposit at the various
banks, and have also made an extended and careful inspection of the vouchers covering the entire disbursements of the year.
Your Committee as usual having examined the certificates of stock, bonds, and other
securities held by the Treasurer representing the investments standing on the debit side of
the balance sheet renders, as in previous years, an examination of those securities by me
unnecessary.
It gives me pleasure to state that the work in connection with the books and docu
ments of the Board has been faithfully performed.
Respectfully submitted,R o b e r t J. D y s a r t , Special Examiner.
SUMMARY OF DONATIONS RECEIVED DURING THE YEAR
1907] Donations 17 9
MaineDonations................................................... $7,625.00Legacies ................................................... 21,219.00Donations for School Fund .................. 303.86Donations for Mission Work for Women1
(of which £500 are legacies)................... 6,456.13
$35,603.99New Hampshire
Donations................................................... $10,835.87Legacies .................................................. 1G ,264.72Donations for School Fund...................... 336.94Donations for Mission Work for Women
(of which $874.34 are legacies) . . . . 4,697.66
$32,135.19Vermont
Donations................................................... $8,597.58Legacies ................................................... 3,249.10Donations for School Fund ..................... 429.94Donations for Mission Work for Women
(of which $300 are legacies) . . . . . . . 5,516.87
$17,793.49Massachusetts
Donations................... .....................$114,958.96Legacies ................................................... 82,310.77Donations for School Fund ................... 3,616.62Donations for Mission Work for Women
(of which $7,654.53 arc legacies) - . . . 62,593.47
$263,479.82Rhode Island
Donations . . . . . . . . . $4,203.64Legacies ................................................... 5,465.75Donations for School Fund...................... 171.79Donations for Mission Work for Women, 7,142.27
$16,983.45Connecticut
Donations . . . . $54,025.64L e g a c ie s ................................................... 13,049.07Donations for School Fund...................... 1,846.99Donations for Mission Work for Women
(of which $1,962.42 are legacies) . . . 35,506.80
$104,428.50New York
Donations............... ......................... $31,593.74L e g a c ie s ................................................... 11,814.96Donations for School Fund....................... 835.39Donations for Mission Work for Women, 12,798.51
$57,042.60New Jersey
Donations................................................... $6,352.49Donations for School Fund...................... 214.83Donations for Mission Work for Women
(of which $250 are legacies).................. 3,849.43
$10,416.75Pennsylvania
Donations................................................... $4,659.17Legacies ................................................... 2,537.50Donations for School Fund...................... 132.24Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1,004.76
$8,333.67Maryland
Donations................................................... $292.70Donations for Mission Work for Women, 152.00
>444.70Delaware
Donations................................................... $40.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 12.00
$52.00
VirginiaDonations.................................................. $141.39Donations for School Fund....................... 8.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 49.25
$198.64West Virginia
Donations.................................................. $21.15
District o f ColumbiaDonations.................................................. $1,245.48Donations for School Fund...................... 167.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 959.90
$2,372.38North Carolina
Donations.................................................. $260.67Donations for School Fund...................... 21.40Donations for Mission Work for Women, 40.00
$322.07Georgia
Donations.................................................. $122 83Donations for School Fund...................... 22.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 76.02
$220.85Florida
Donations . . $348.79Donations for School Fund...................... 29.67Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 242.13
$620.59Alabama
Donations.................................................. $174.00Donations for School Fund...................... 27.48
$201.48Mississippi
Donations.................................................. $54.00Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 20.00
$74.00Louisiana
Donations.................................................. $98.25Donations for School Fund...................... 3.10Donations for Mission Work for Women, 5.00
$106.35Tennessee
Donations.................................................. $125.57Donations for Mission Work for Women, 5.00
$130.57Arkansas
Donations.............................. $10.00Donations for School Fund.. 10.00
$20.00Texas
Donations............................... $219.96Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 52.00
$271.96Indiana
Donations............................... $384.35Donations for School Fund.. 30.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 995.75
$1,410.10Kentucky
Donations.................................................. $131.40Donations for School Fund...................... 3.00Donations for Mission Work forWomen, 17.00
$151.40
those from the Woman’s Board for the Pacific) are1 The donations for Mission Work for Women (excepting taken from L ife a n d L ig h t, and differ somewhat from amounts in the H erald.
i 8o Donations [Report
Donations................................................... 12,881.39Donations for School F un d...................... 178.58Donations for Mission Work for Women, 4,824.66
M isso u ri
#7,884.63Ohio
Donations.................. .................. $13,902.79Legacies ................................................... 4,355.91Donations for School F un d ...................... 600.14Donations for Mission Work for Women, 8,164.61
$27,023.45Illinois
Donations................................................... $40,754.39Legacies ................................................... 1,071.83Donations for School Fund..................... 1,105.52Donations for Mission Work for Women, 33,208.93
$76,140.67Michigan
Donations . . . ............................... $6,585.88Legacies ................................................... 437.50Donations for School Fund....................... 319.76Donations for Mission Work for Women, 8,377.69
815,720.83Wisconsin
Donations................................................... $5,128.68Legacies ................................................... 757.86Donations for School F un d ..................... 179.29Donations for Mission Work for Women, 7,245.02
$13,310.85Iowa
Donations................................................... $5,102.19Legacies ................................................... 52.57Donations for School Fund...................... 300.76Donations for Mission Work for Women, 9,887.17
$15,342.69Minnesota
Donations................................................... $6,992.17Legacies ................................................... 1,500.00Donations for School Fund....................... 229.86Donations for Mission Work for Women, 6,250.00
$14,972.03Kansas
Donations................................................... $1,872.45Donations for School Fund...................... 74.86Donations for Mission Work for Women, 3,086.41
$5,033.72Nebraska
Donations.......................... $2,991.83Donations for School Fund...................... ( 389.32Donations for Mission Work for Women, 2,323.86
$5,705.01C alifornia
Donations................................................... $14,553.00Legacies ................................................... 1,512.00Donations for School F und..................... 826.06Donations for Mission Work for Women, 8,027.50
$24,918.56Oregon
Donations................................................... $1,209.62Donations for School F un d ..................... 19.63
$1,229.25Colorado
Donations................................................... $2,171.30Donations for School Fund...................... 159.44Donations for Mission Work for Women, 2,591.47
$4,922.21Washington
Donations.......................... . . . . . $4,176.13Donations for School Fund...................... 97.83
$4,273.96
Donations................................................... $710.69Donations for School Fund...................... 23.20Donations for Mission Work for Women, 495.50
N o rth D a k o ta
$1,229.39South Dakota
Donations............................. $914.32Donations for School Fund...................... 104.87Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1,350.34
*2,369.5:;Montana
Donations................................................... >73.95Donations for School Fund...................... 17.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 38.37
$129.32Idaho
Donations................. $103 52Donations for School Fund...................... 8.25Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1.00
5112.77Nevada
Donations................................................... $51.95Donations for Sphool Fund...................... 9.44
561.39Wyoming
Donations................................................... $61.62Donations for School Fund...................... 9.37Donations for Mission Work for Women, 270.24
«341.2C-Utah
Donations.................................... . . $135.96Donations for School Fund...................... 4.0(1
$139.91'!Arizona Territory
Donations............... $975.00Legacies ................................................... 1,144.00
$2,119.00Indian Territory
Donations ........................................ $12.00
Oklahoma TerritoryDonations................................................... $115.10Legacies ................................................... 88.00Donations for School Fund..................... 1.91Donations for Mission Work for Women, 335.48
$540.49T erritory o f New Mexico
Donations................................................... $10.00Donations for Mission Work for Women, 10.65
$20.65Territory o f Alaska
Donations for School Fund...................... $20.00
CanadaProvince of Quebec D onations............... $1,092.66Province of Ontario D onations............... 3,722.85Donations for Mission Work for Women, 1,575.00
$6,390.51Hawaiian Islands
Donations.................................................. $3,460.05Donations for School Fund...................... 220.20
$3,680.25
Foreign Lands and Missionary StationsD on a tion s ........................................................ $1,155.94Donations for Mission Work for Women,
(of which $3 are legacies)...................... 529.79>1,680.73
Donations i8 i
From Income Mission ScholarshipAs acknowledged in M issionary H erald , $208.33
Hollis Moore Memorial FundIncome for Pasumalai Seminary . . . . 5300.00
Foochow College Professorship EndowmentFor salary and other expenses of Miss
W ile y ...................................................... *582.50
W illiam White Smith FundIncome for education of native preachers
and teachers in Africa ...................... $1,394.00
Asa W. Kenney Fund! ncome for support of missionary in active
service ................................................... $738.79
W ork in the Philippines
For salaries of Rev. and Mrs. R. F. Black, in part, for 1907 .................................... <1,210.00
Henry R. Adkins FundIncome to August 31,1907 . ............... >12.50
Atterbury FundIncome for education of students in theo
logical seminary, T u n g-ch ou ............... $238.91
Deacon Gates Scholarship, Mardin High School, Turkey
For work, care Rev. C. F. Gates . . . . $40.00
Andrews ScholarshipIncome for pupil in Gordon Theological
S em inary............................................... S20.00
Montgomery Memorial Scholarship FundFor Central Turkey College, care Miss
E. M. B lakely..................................... $5.00
Atwater Memorial FundFor support of school at Fen-cho-fu, care
I. J. A tw ood........................................... S98.00
Ann £. Shorey FundFor education of Ram Chundra Shorey,
care Mrs. M. L. S ibley.......................... $25.00
The Annie A. Gould FundIncome for education of Chinese girls in ‘ P ao-tin g-fu ............................................ S70.00
The Cornelia A. Allis FundIncome for support of pupil in Madura,
care Rev. J. E. T r a c y ......................... $12.00
The Joanna Fisher White ScholarshipIncome for scholarship in girls’ boarding
school, M arsovan ................................. $10.00
Porter ScholarshipsIn co m e ...................................................... $120.00
North China Colleg’e EndowmentIn co m e ...................................................... $550.95
Williams Hospital EndowmentI n co m e ...................................................... $105.08
Gordon Theological Seminary, Tung-chou, China
In co m e ...................................................... $305.00
Benjamin Schneider Memorial Fund
579.43Income for training preachers in Central
T u r k e y ..................................................
Medical Work Anatolia CollegeIncome for medical work, care Rev. Geo.
E. W h i t e ............................................... $341.60
C. F. Gates Mardin High School Scholarship
$85.00Income for scholarship in Mardin High
School ..................................................
Dewey FundIncome to August 31,1907, for support of
pupil, care of Mrs. S. S. Dewey . . .
A. A. Leonard Fund
Income sent to Turkey . . . . . . .
$15.00
*99.19
Marash Theological Seminary EndowmentIncome for Seminary................................ $82.92
Marash Theological Seminary LibraryIncome to September 1 ,1 9 0 0 .................. $63.00
Marash Academy Endowment
Income to August 31, 1907 ..................... $103.43
Marash Orphanage EndowmentIncome to August 31, 1907 $12.00
S. B. Poor Memorial FundIncome for Uduvil School for Girls, care
Rev. James H. Dickson .............. $211.00
Alice Ju lia Rice Memorial FundIncome to August 31, 1907, for mainte
nance of study in Doshisha, care Rev.F. A. L o m b a r d ................................ $16.00
Satara Orphanage FundIncome to August 31,1907, for support of
child in orphanage, care Rev. H. J.B ruce ...................................................... $19.44
Hugh Miller ScholarshipFor Ahmednagar Theological Seminary $70.00
Jeannie Grace Greenoug'h Crawford Fund
Income for education of girls in Western Turkey, care Rev. L. S. Crawford . . $50.00
i 82 Donations [Report
Thornton Bigelow Penfield ScholarshipIncome for students in Pasumalai Semi
nary, I n d i a ............................................ $25.00
Turvanda Topalyan ScholarshipIncome for education of poor village girls,
care Miss Virginia B illings.................. $45.00
W illiams and Andrus ScholarshipIncome for pupils at Mardin, Eastern
T u r k e y ................................................... $75.00
C lark FundIncome to August 31, 1907, for native
preacher in I n d ia ................................. $50.00
Herbert R. Coffin FundFor support native helpers in India . . . $244.50
Charles E. Fowler'M em orial FundIncome to August 31, 1907 ......................
Rogene T. Fulton FundFor support of Bible-reader in India . .
A lien Memorial Fund
Interest to August 31, 1907, for general w o r k ................................................ .
Orilla C. Kellogg FundIncome to August 31, 1907, for support
and education of native children . . .
W. W. Penfield FundIncome to August 31,1907 ......................
$25.00
$50.00
$203.00
$507.54
$4.00
Albert Wentworth Fundlineóme to August 31, 1907 ...................... $50.00
From Jaffna General Medical Mission>r salary T. B. Scott and family toJune 30, 1907 ........................................ ?84(J.G7
From Woman’s Medical Mission, Jaffna
$640.90For expenses to June 30, 1907, including
salary of Dr. Curr.................................
Susan B. Church Memorial FundFrom Congregational Church, Littleton,
N. H., for Sholapur station ............... $5.50
Mrs. D. K. Pearsons Memorial FundIncome for Anatolia C o lle g e .................. $1,821.86
Income Endowment Anatolia College
$78.00For scholarship from Blank Memorial
F u n d ......................................................
St. Paul’s InstituteIncome and contributions received . . . $8,751.50
From Jaffna Medical Mission Funds
$1,315.14For current expenses of medical work in
Jaffna.......................................................
TotalDonations....................................................... $367,440.0(5Legacies ................................................... 160,830.54Donations for School Fund...................... 13,109.62Donations for Mission Work for Women,
as above, $232,789.64 (of which $11,- 544.29 are from legacies), the differencebeing explained on page 179 ............... 244,081.97
Income of funds as above (37).................. 22,093.34
$813,555.53
19073 Receipts o f the Board
RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD
T he following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources
since its organization.
For the year ending For the year endingSeptember, 1811.................. ............... $999.52 July 31, 1860 .................. . . . . 5429.799. OSAugust 31,1812.................. ............... 13,611.50 August 31, 1861.................. .............. 340,522.56
1813................... . . . . 11,361.18 1862 .................. ............... 339,080.561814.................. ............... 12,265.56 1863 .............. .............. 397,079.711815.................. 1864 .............. ............... 531,985.671816.................. 1865 . . . . .............. 534,763.331817.................. 1866 .................. . . 446,942.441818.................. ............... 34,727.72 1867 .................. . . . 437,884.771819.................. 1868 .................. . . . . 535.X38.lS41820 .................. ............... 39,949.45 1869 .................. ............... 525,214.951821.................. .............. 46,354.95 1870 .................. . . . . 461,058.421822 . . . . . . . . 60,087.87 1871.................. ............... 429,160.601823 .................. 1872 . . . . 445,824.231824.................. . . . . 47,483.58 1873 . . . . . . . 431,844.811825 ........... 1874 .................. . . 478 ,256.511826 .................. 1875 .................. . . . . 4 76 ,028.19
1827 .................. 1876 .................. ............... 465,442.401828 ...................... 1877 .................. .............. 441,391.451829 ...................... ......... 106,928.26 1878 ........... .............. 482,204.731830 .................. ............... 83,019.37 1879 .................. ............... 518,386.061831...................... 100,934.09 1880 . . . . . 613,639.511832 ...................... . . . . 130,574.12 “ • 1881 . . . . . . . 691,245.16
“ 1833 ...................... . . . . 145,847.77 1882 . 651,976.841834 ...................... ............... 152,386.10 1883 .................. . 590,995.67
July 31, 1835 ...................... ...............163,340.19 1884 .................. .............. 588,353.51“ 1836 ...................... 1885 ........... . . . . . 625,832.54
1837 ............. ............... 252,076.55 1886 ........... ......... 658,754.421838 ............. ............... 236,170.98 1887 .................. .............. 679,573.791839 ...................... 1888 .................. ......................6 6 5 ,712.211840 ...................... ............... 241,691.04 1889 .................. ............... 685,111.331841...................... .............. 235 189 30 1890 . . - . ............... 762,585.631842 ...................... 1891.................. . . . 824,325.501843 ...................... 1892 ........... . . . . 840,804.72
“ 1844 ...................... 1893 ........... . . 679,285.941845 ............. 1894 ........... .............. 705,132.701846 ...................... 1895 .................. ............... 716,837.171847 ............. ............... 211,402.76 1896.................. . . . . 743,104.591848 ...................... 1897 .................. .............. 642,781.071849 ...................... ............... 291,705.27 1898 .................. . . . . 687.208.981850 . . . . . . . ............... 251,862.21 1899 ........... ......... 644,200.891851............. ...............274,902.28 1900 ........... . . . 737,957.301852 ............. 1901.................. .............. 697,370.90
“ 1853 ...................... 1902 ........... . . . 845,105.851854 ...................... 1903 .................. .............. 740,777.17
“ 1855 ...................... 1904 .................. ............... 725,315.901856 ...................... 1905.................. .............. 752,149.751857 .............. ......... 388,932.69 1906 ........... ............... 913,159.641858 .............. 1907 ........... .............. 920,384.091859 ............. ......... 350,915.45 1
PLACES OF MEETING AND PREACHERS
1 84 Places o f Meeting [Report
Y'ear Pla ce o f M eeting P reacher T e x t
1810 Farm ington..................1811 W orcester......................1812 Hartford ......................I8 I 0 Boston ..........................1814 New Haven . . . . . .1815 S alem .............................1816 Hartford ...................... . . . *Henry Davis, d . d .................................
1817 N ortham pton...............1818 N ew H a v e n ..................1819 Boston ......................1820 Hartford ......................1821 Springfield ...................1822 New H a v e n ......................1823 Boston ..........................1824 Hartford .........................1825 N ortham pton ..................1S2G M iddletow n..................1827 New York ...................... . . . Luke xi, 21 ; Rev., etc.182 Philadelphia......................1829 Albany .............................1830 Boston .............................1831 New H a v e n ......................1832 New Y o r k ..........................1833 Philadelphia...................... . . ^William Murray, d . d ..........................
1834 Utica .................................1835 B altim ore..........................1836 Hartford ..........................1837 N ew a rk ............................. • Acts iv, 121838 Portland .........................................
1839 T r o y .................................1840 P ro v id e n ce ......................1841 Philadelphia......................1842 N orwich.............................1843 R och ester..........................1844 W orcester..........................1845 B ro o k ly n ..........................1846 New H a v e n ......................1847 B u f fa lo ..............................1848 Boston ............................. * Isaac Ferris, d . d .................................... • . M a l t l i e w vi, 101849 Pittsfield .......................... . . . Daniel vii, 271850 O s w e g o ............................. 1 Corinthians xv, 581851 Portland . . . . . . . *David H. Riddle, d . d . .
1852 Troy . . ......................1853 Cincinnati..........................1854 Hartford .......................... . . . »Charles White, d .d ..............................
1855 U t i c a .................................1856 N ew ark ..............................1857 Providence ...................... . . *.M. La Rue P. Thompson, d . d . .
1858 D e t r o i t ............................. . . . Luke xi, 411859 Philadelphia...................... . «Robert W. Patterson, d . d . . . . Matthew xiii, 331860 Boston ..............................1861 C leveland..........................1862 Springfield ...................... . *Henry Smith, d . d ..................................
1863 R ochester .......................... . . . Luke xxiv, 45-471864 W orcester..........................1865 C h ica go .............................186C Pittsfield ..........................1*67 B u ffa lo .............................
Deceased.
i q o ;
Yea-,
1868186918701871187218731874187518761877187818791880188118821883188418851886188718881889189018911892189318941895189G18971898189919001901190219031904190519001907
Places o f Meeting
Norwich ...........................................................*Henry A. Nelson, d . d ......................................John xii, oil
P ittsb u rg ..................................................*John Todd, d . d .........................................................Malachi i, 11B r o o k ly n ..................................................*Jonathan F. Steams, d .d ................................... Matthew xxviii, 18-20S alem ................................................................. *Truman M. Post, d .d ................................ Mark x, 45New H a v e n ........................................ *Samuel C. Bartlett, d .d ................................... 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5Minneapolis .............................................* Julius H. Seelye, d .d ................................ Romans iv, 25R utland ...........................................................*Henry M. Scudder, d .d ................................... Romans x, 14, 15C h icago .^Israel W. Andrews, d . d . . . . . . Romans i, 14Hartford .................................................. *William M. Taylor, d .d ........................... Ezekiel xlvii, 9Providence ........................................*James H. Fairchild, d . d ...........................1 John iv, 20Milwaukee . . . Henry H. Jessup, d .d .............................AddressSyracuse . . . . . . *George F. Magoun, d . d ....................................Matthew xxviii, 18, 19L o w e l l ......................... . . . »Jacob M. Manning, d .d .......................... Revelation xxi, 1St. L o u i s .................................... *A. J. F. Behrends, d .d ............................. Luke xiv, 28, 30Portland ........................................................... *Edward P. Goodwin, d . d ............................... Acts xiii, 2D e t r o i t ...........................................«William M. Barbour, d . d ...................... Mark xii, 31C olum bus ..................................................* Aaron L. Chapin, d . d ...........................................Acts xx, 24Boston ........................................................... *George Leon Walker, d .d ............................. Hebrews xi, 13, 39, 40Des Moines ................. John L. Withrow, d .d ....................................................... Acts xxvi, 17, 18Springfield . . . . . Frederick A. Noble, d . d ................................ Luke xi, 2C leveland .................................................. Henry Hopkins, d . d ......................................... John xiv, 6; Eph. i, 23New Y o r k ................................................. Lewellyn Pratt, d .d ............................................... John xx, 21-23M inneapolis .................................................... Arthur Little, d .d ................................... John xii, 24Pittsfield .................................... *Edwin B. Webb, d . d ..................... . . 1 Corinthians iii, 9C h ica go ....................................................... Daniel March, d . d .......................... Matthew xxi, 5W orcester ..................................................Albert J. Lymau, d .d ............................................. 1 Corinthians ix, 19-23Madison .......................................................*T. Eaton Clapp, d . d ................................. Acts xi, 18Brooklyn . . ............... George A. Gordon, d .d .................................... 1 Corinthians ii, 2T o l e d o ................................ . . . Edward N. Packard, d .d ........................ Acts ii, 14-18New H a v e n ............................................. Nehemiah Boynton, d .d ........................................John xxi, 17Grand R a p id s ............................. R. R. Meredith, d .d ............................... Luke iv, 18Providence ................................... George C. Adams, d . d ............... John x, 10St. Louis .............................................Edward C. Moore, d . d ........................................... 1 Kipgs xix, 7Hartford .................................................... Edward D. Eaton, d . d ..........................Matt, xi, 4, 5O b e r lin ........................................................... Newell D. Hillis, d . d ....................... Matt, xiii, 33 ; Mark vii, 24M anchester .................................................»Willard G. Sperry, d . d .................................... Rev. xiv, 1Grinnell ........................................ Reuen Thomas, d .d ...........................................2 Corinthians vi, 11-13Seattle . . . . . . Rev. Joseph H. T w ic h e l l .................. Romans i, 14Williamstown and North Adams, George A. Gates, d . d .............................. 2 Corinthians v, 14Cleveland, uniting with the National Congregational Council in the Sermon by George A. Gordon, d . d .
♦Deceased.
Place o f Meeting Preacher Text
i8 6 Missionaries o f the Board [Report
MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD
T h e following list presents the names of Missionaries now in connection with the Board in the field, or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, the missions and stations with which they are connected, but not in all cases their Postoffice Addresses. These Postoffice Addresses are given in the American Board Almanac.
South A frican Mission
ZULU BRANCHM I S S I O N A R I E S W E N T O U T
Rev. Stephen C. Pixley, Inanda, 1855Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Amanzimtoti, 1860Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, Inanda, 1868Miss Martha E. Price, Amanzimtoti, 1877Rev. Herbert D. Goodenough, Johannesburg, 1881Mrs. Caroline L. Goodenough, 1881Rev. William C. Wilcox, Ifafa, 1881Mrs. Ida B. Wilcox, 1881Miss Fidelia Phelps, Inanda, 1884Miss Martha H. Pixley, Esidumbini, 1889Rev. Charles N. Ransom, Amanzimtoti, 1890Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom, 1890Rev. Fred R. Bunker, Beira, East Africa, 1891Mrs. Isabel H . Bunker, 1891Rev. George B. Cowles, Jr., Amanzimtoti, 1893Mrs. Amy Bridgman Cowles, 1893Miss Laura C. Smith, Umzumbe, 1893Rev. Frederick B. Bridgman, Durban, 1897Mrs. Clara Davis Bridgman, 1897James B. McCord, m . d . , Durban, 1899Mrs. Margaret M. McCord, 1899Rev. James D . Taylor, Amanzimtoti, 1899Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor, 1899Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Amanzimtoti, 1901Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy, 1901Miss Caroline E. Frost, Umzumbe, 1901Rev. Charles H. Maxwell, Esidumbini, 1906Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell, 1906Miss Alice E. Seibert, Umzumbe, 1906
RH O D E SIA N BRANCHRev. George A. Wilder, Chikore, 1880Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, 1880William L. Thompson, m . d . , Mt. Silinda, 1891Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, 1888Miss H. Juliette Gilson, Melsetter, 1896William T. Lawrence, m . d . , Chikore, 1900Mrs. Florence E. Lawrence, 1900Columbus C. Fuller, Mt. Silinda, 1902Mrs. Julia B. Fuller, 1902Rev. Thomas King, Mt. Silinda, 1905Mrs. Estelle R. King, 1905Miss Minnie Clarke, Mt. Silinda, 1907
West Central African MissionRev. William H. Sanders, Kamundongo, 1880Mrs. Sarah Bell Sanders, 1888Mrs. Annie M. Fay, Bailundu, 1886Rev. Wesley M. Stover, Bailundu, 1882Mrs. Bertha L>. Stover, 1882Rev. Walter T. Currie, Chisamba, 1886Mrs. Amy J. Currie, 1893Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Bailundu, 1887
Rev. Thomas W. Woodside, Ochileso, 1888Mrs. Emma D. Woodside, 1888Miss Helen J. Melville, Chisamba, 1893Miss Margaret W. Melville, Chisamba, 1895Rev. Frederick C. Wellman, m . d . , Sachikela, 1896Mrs. Lydia J. Wellman, 1896Miss Sarah Stimpson, Kamundongo, 1898Miss Emma C. Redick, Ochileso, 1900Miss Diadem Bell, Chisamba, 1902Miss Elizabeth B. Campbell, Bailundu, 1902Rev. Merlin Ennis, Sachikela, 1903Mrs. Elisabeth R. Ennis, 1907Rev. Henry A. Neipp, Ochileso, 1904Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp, 1904Miss Nellie J. Arnott, Kamundongo, 1905William Cammack, M .r > . , Chisamba, 1906Mrs. Libbie Seymour Cammack, m . d . , 1906Rev. William C. Bell, Bailundu, 1907Mrs. Lena H. Bell, 1907
European TurKey MissionRev. James F. Clarke, Sofia, 1859Rev. Henry C. Haskell, Philippopolis, 1862Mrs. Margaret B. Haskell, 1862Miss Esther T. Maltbie, Samokov, 1870Rev. George D. Marsh, Philippopolis, 1872Mrs. Ursula C. Marsh, 1868Rev. John W. Baird, Samokov, 1872Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, 1870Rev. J. Henry House, Salonica, 1872Mrs. Addie B. House, 1872Rev. Robert Thomson, Samokov, 1881Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson, 1881Miss Harriet L. Cole, Monastir, 1883Miss Mary L. Matthews, Monastir, 1888Miss Mary M. Haskell, Monastir, 1890Rev. William P. Clarke, Monastir, 1891Mrs. Martha G. Clarke, 1900Rev. Edward B. Haskell, Salonica, 1891Mrs. Elisabeth F. Haskell, 1901Miss Agnes M. Baird, Samokov, 1898Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke, Sofia, 1899Rev. Theodore T. Holway, Samokov, 1901Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway, 1901Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander, Samokov, 1902Mrs. Mary L. Ostrander, 1902Miss Inez L. Abbott, Samokov, 1907Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy, Monastir, 1907Mrs. Violet B. Kennedy, 1907
Western TurKey Mission
Rev. Joseph K. Greene, Constantinople, 1859Mrs. Mathilde H. Greene, 1895Rev. George F. Herrick, Constantinople, 1859Mrs. Helen M. Herrick, 1861Rev. Theodore A. Baldwin, Brousa, 1867
1907] Missionaries o f the Board 187
Mrs. Matilda J. Baldwin, 1807Rev. Henry S. Bamum, Constantinople, 1807Mrs. Helen P. Bamum, 1869Rev. Charles C. Tracy, Marsovan, 1867Mrs. Myra P. Tracy, 1867Miss Harriet G. Powers, Brousa, 1868Rev. Henry T. Perry, Sivas, 1866Mrs. Mary H. Perry, 1892Rev. Edward Riggs, Marsovan, 1869Mrs. Sarah H. Riggs, 1869Miss Laura Farnham, Adabazar, 1871Miss Mary M. Patrick, Constantinople, 1871Mrs. Sarah S. Smith, Marsovan, 1874Rev. James L. Fowle, Cesarea, 1878Mrs. Caroline P. Fowle, 1878Rev. Robert Chambers, Bardezag, 1879Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, 1879Miss Fannie E. Burrage, Cesarea, 1880Mr. William W. Peet, Constantinople, 1881Mrs. Martha H. Peet, 1881Mrs. Etta D. Marden, Constantinople, 1881Miss Isabella F. Dodd, Constantinople, 18S2Miss Emily McCallum, Smyrna, 1883Miss Ida W. Prime, Constantinople, 1884Rev. William S. Dodd, m . d . , Cesarea, 1886Mrs. Mary L. Dodd, 1886Rev. James P. McNaughton, Smyrna, 1887Mrs. Rebecca G. .McNaughton, 1885Rev. George E. White, Marsovan, 1890Mrs. Esther B. White, 1890Miss Anna B. Jones, Constantinople, 1890Rev. Alexander MacLachlan, Smyrna, 1890Mrs. Rose H. MacLachlan, 1891Rev. Herbert M. Allen, Constantinople, 1893Mrs. Ellen R. Allen, 1889Rev. Henry K. Wingate, Cesarea, 1893Mrs. Jane C. Wingate, 1887Miss Annie M. Barker, Constantinople, 1894Miss Ilse C. Pohl, Smyrna, 1894Miss Charlotte R. Willard, Marsovan, 1897Thomas S. Carrington, m . d . , Constantinople, 1897Mrs. Phebe W. Carrington, 1897Miss Minnie B. Mills, Smyrna, 1897Miss Claribel Platt, Marsovan, 1899Miss Mary E. Kinney, Adabazar, 1899Rev. Ernest C. Partridge, Sivas, 1900Mrs. Winona G. Partridge, 1900Rev. Charles T. Riggs, Constantinople, 1900Mrs. Mary R. Riggs, 1900Miss Mary I. Ward, Marsovan, 1900Miss Mary L. Graffam, Sivas, 1901Miss Stella N. Lougliridge, Cesarea, 1901Miss Charlotte P. Halsey, Trebizond, 1901Miss Adelaide S. Dwight, Cesarea, 1902Miss Susan W. Orvis, Cesarea, 1902Charles Ernest Clark, m . d . , Sivas, 1903Mrs. Ina V. Clark, 1903Mr. Dana K. Getchell. Marsovan, 1903Mrs. Susan Riggs Getchell, 1892Mr. Samuel L. Caldwell, Smyrna, 1903Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell, 1903Rev. Herbert M. Irwin, Cesarea, 1903Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin, 1903Miss Nina E. Rice, Sivas, 1903Miss Lillian F. Cole, Cesarea, 1904Miss Gwen Griffiths, Constantinople, 1904Miss Jeannie L. Jillson, Smyrna, 1904Wilfred M. Post, m . d . , Cesarea, 1904Mrs. Annie S. Post, 1904Rev. Charles K. Tracy, Smyrna, 1904
Mrs. May S. Tracy, 1904Rev. Theodore A. Elmer, Marsovan, 1905Mrs. Henrietta M. Elmer, 1905Alden R. Hoover, m .d . , Marsovan, 190tiMrs. Esther F. Hoover, li)0fiMiss Madeline Gile, Adabazar, 1907
Central T urkey MissionMrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge, Aintab. 1861Miss Corinna Shattuck, Oorfa, 1873Rev. Thomas D. Christie, Tarsus, 1877Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, 1877Rev. William N. Chambers ̂ Adana, 1879Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers, 1879Rev. Lucius O. Lee, Marash, 1880Mrs. Eula Bates Lee, 1889Miss Ellen M. Blakely, Marash, 1886Miss Elizabeth S. Webb, Adana, 188(iRev. Frederick W. Macallum, Marash, 1890Mrs. Henrietta M. Macallum, 1890Miss Mary G. Webb, Adana, 1890Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1891Miss Effie M. Chambers, Kessab, 1893Mr. John E. Merrill, Aintab, '1898Mrs. Isabel Trowbridge Merrill, 1900Miss Annie E. Gordon, Marash, 1901Miss Cora May Welpton, Marash, 1901Miss Virginia A. Billings , Hadjin, 1904Miss Lucy H. Morley, Adana, 1904Miss Olive M. Vaughan, Hadjin, 1904Miss Isabella M. Blake, Aintab, 1905Miss Harriet C. Norton, Aintab, 1905Rev. Stephen vR. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1906Mrs. Blanche H. Trowbridge, 1906Rev. Fred F. Goodsell, Aintab, 1907Mrs. Lulu C. S. Goodsell, 1907Miss Alice C. Bewer, Aintab, 1907
Eastern Turkey MissionRev. Herman N. Bamum, Harpoot, 1858Mrs. Mary E. Bamum, 1859Rev. Alpheus N. Andrus, Mardin, 18(58Mrs. Olive L. Andrus, 1868Miss Charlotte E. Ely, Bitlis, 1868Miss Mary A. C. Ely, Bitlis, 1808Rev. Royal M. Cole, Bitlis, 1868Mrs. Lizzie Cole, 1808Rev. George C. Kaynolds, m . d . , Vail, 1869Mrs. Martha W. Raynolds, 1869Miss Caroline E. Bush, Harpoot, 1870Daniel M. B. Thom, m .d . , Mardin, 1874Mrs. Helen L. Thom, 1886Rev. John K. Browne, Harpoot, 1875Mrs. Leila Browne, 187(!Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey, Mardin, 1877Miss Mary L. Daniels, Harpoot, 1885Rev. George P. Knapp, Harpoot, 1890Mrs. Anna J. Knapp, 1890Miss Johanna L. Graf, Mardin, 1894 ■Rev. Robert S. Stapleton, Erzroom, 1897Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, m . d ., 1898Kev. Clarence D. Ussher, m . d . , Van, 1898Mrs. Elizabeth B. Ussher, 1899Miss Ruth M. Bushnell, Erzroom, 1898Miss Mary Myrtle Foote, Erzroom, 1899Miss Grisell M. McLaren, Van, 1900Henry H. Atkinson, m . d , , Harpoot, 1901Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson, 1.901Herbert L. Underwood, m .d ., Bitlis, 1901
Missionaries o f the Board [Report
Mrs. Dora E. Underwood,Rev. Edward F. Carey, Harpoot,Mrs. Miriam V. Carey,Miss Agnes Fenenga, Mardin,Miss Mary W . Riggs, Harpoot,Rev. Henry H. Riggs, Harpoot,Mrs. Emma M. Riggs,Miss Susan R. Norton, Van,Rev. Ernest A. Yarrow, Van,Mrs. Jane T. Yarrow,Miss Diantha L. Dewey, Mardin,Miss Maria B. Poole, Harpoot,Rev. Richard S. M. Emrich, Mardin,Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich,Miss E. Gertrude Rogers, Van,Edwin St. J. Ward, m .d ., Diarbekir,Mrs. Charlotte A. Ward,
Marathi Mission
Rev. Henry J. Bruce, Satara,Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce,Mrs. Elizabeth D . Harding, Ahmednagar, Mrs. Mary C. Winsor, Sirur,Rev. Robert A. Hume, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Kate F. Hume,Rev. William 0 . Ballantine, m . d . , Rahuri, Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine,Rev. Lorin S. Gates, Sholapur,Mrs. Frances H . Gates,Rev. James Smith, Bombay,Mrs. Maud Smith,Rev. Justin E. Abbott, Bombay,Mrs. Camilla L. Abbott,Rev. Henry Fairbank, Vadala,Mrs. Minnie L. Sibley, Wai,Miss Emily R. Bissell, Ahmednagar,Miss Anna L. Millard, Bombay,Miss Jean P. Gordon, Wai,Miss Belle Nugent, Ahmednagar,Rev. Henry G. Bissell, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Theo. K. Bissell,Rev. Edward Fairbank, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Mary A. Fairbank,Miss Esther B. Fowler, Sholapur,Miss Mary Etta Moulton, Ahmednagar, Miss Mary B. Harding, Sholapur,Miss Louise H. Grieve, m . d ., Satara,Mrs. Emily W . Harding, Sholapur,Rev. William Hazen, Sholapur,Mrs. Florence Hartt Hazen,Lester H. Beals, m . d . , Sholapur,Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, m .d .,
Mr. Merrill A. Peacock, Sholapur,Mrs. Nellie L. Peacock,Rev. Byron K. Hunsberger, Bombay,Mrs. Elizabeth Hume Hunsberger,R.ev. Theodore S. Lee, Wai,Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee,Miss Ruth P Hume, m . d . , Ahmednagar, Rev. Alden H. Clark, Ahmednagar,Mrs. Mary W . Clark,Miss Edith Gates, Ahmednagar,Mary E. Stephenson, m . d . , Ahmednagar, Rev. Robert Ernest Hume, Ahmednagar, Mrs. Laura C. Hume,Charles H. Burr, Vadala,Mrs. Annie H. Burr,Miss Clara H. Bruce, Satara,Miss Elizabeth H. Viles, Ahmednagar,
Mr. David C. Churchill, Ahmednagar, 1907Mrs. Alice H. Churchill, 1907
Madura MissionRev. Hervey C. Hazen, Tirumangalam, 1867Mrs. Hattie C. Hazen, 1884Rev. John S. Chandler, Madura, 1873Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, 1877Rev. James E. Tracy, Periakulam, 1877Mrs. Fannie S. Tracy, 1877Rev. John P. Jones, Pasumalai, 1878Mrs. Sarah A. Jones, 1878Miss Eva M. Swift, Madura, 1884Rev. James C. Perkins, Aruppukottai, 1885Mrs. Lucy C. Perkins, 1904Miss Mary M. Root, Madura, 1887Rev. Frank Van Allen, m . d ., Madura, 1888Mrs. Harriet D. Van Allen, 1888Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, Dindigul, 1890Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, 1890Rev. Edward P. Holton, Melur, 1891Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton, 1894Rev. Willis P. Elwood, Palani, 1891Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood, 1891Miss Mary T. Noyes, Madura, 1892Rev. Charles S. Vaughan, Manamadura, 1893Mrs. M. Ella Vaughan, 1893Rev. William M. Zumbro, Madura, 1894Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro, 1907Rev. David S. Herrick, Madura, 1894Mrs. Dency T. M. Herrick, 1887Miss Harriet E. Parker, m . d ., Madura, 1895Rev. William W. Wallace, Madura, 1897Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace, 1897Miss Helen E. Chandler, Madura, 1899Rev. John J. Banninga, Melur, 1901Mrs. Mary B. Banninga, 1901Rev. John X . Miller, Pasumalai, 1903Mrs. Margaret Y. Miller, 1903Miss Catherine S. Quickenden, Aruppukottai, 1906
Ceylon Mission
Miss Susan R. Howland, Uduvil, 1873Rev. Thomas B. Scott, m . d ., Manepay, 1893Mrs. Mary E. Scott, m . d . , 1893Miss Isabella H . Curr, m .d . , Inuvil, 1896Rev. Giles G. Brown, Uduppiddi, 1899Mrs. Clara L. Brown, 1899Miss Helen I. Root, Uduvil, 1899Rev. James H. Dickson, Tellippallai, 1900Mrs. Frances A. Dickson, 1900Miss Julia E. Green, Uduvil, 1906Miss Zillah W. Scott-Patten, Inuvil, 1907
Foochow MissionMrs. Hannah L. Hartwell, Pagoda Anchorage, 1858Rev. Joseph E. Walker, Shao-wu, 1872Henry T. Whitney, m . d ., Pagoda Anchorage, 1877Mrs. Lurie Ann Whitney, 1877Miss Ella J. Newton, Ponasang, 1878Miss Elsie M. Garretson, Ponasang, 1880Rev. George H. Hubbard, Pagoda Anchorage, 1884 Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard, 1884Miss Kate C. Woodhull, m . d ., Foochow, 1884Miss Hannah C. Woodhull, Foochow, 1884Rev. Lyman P. Peet, Foochow, 1888Mrs. Caroline K. Peet, 1887Rev. G. Milton Gardner, Foochow, 1889Mrs. Mary J. Gardner, 1889Hardman N. Kinnear, m .d . , Ponasang, 1889
19011901190019011!K)2190218891903190419041905190519051905190719071907
18621802186918701874188218751885187518751879187918811902188(518861886188718901890189218921893189318931894189719001900190019001902190519021902190319031903190319031904190419051906190719071907190719071907
1907] Missionaries
-'Ira. Ellen J. Kinnear, 1893Edward L. Bliss, m . d . , Shao-wu, 1892Mrs. Minnie B. Bliss, 1898Miss Caroline E. Chittenden, Ing-hok, 1892Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Foochow, 1896Rev. George W. Hinman, Foochow, 1898Mrs. Kate F. Hinman, 1898Miss Lucy P. Bement, m .d ., Shao-wu, 1898Miss Frances K. Bement, Shao-wu, 1898Miss Jean H. Brown, Foochow, 1899Miss Minnie Stryker, m . d . , Foochow, 1900Miss Josephine C. Walker, Shao-wu, 1900Miss Martha S. Wiley, Foochow, 1900Miss Harriet L. Osborne, Pagoda Anchorage, 1901 Rev. Edward H. Smith, Ing-hok, 1901Mrs. Grace W. Smith, 1901Rev. Lewis Hodous, Ponasang, 1901Mrs. Anna J. Hodous, 1901Miss Emily D. Smith, m . d . , Ing-hok, 1901Miss Alice U. Hall, Ponasang, 1904Mr. George M. Newell, Foochow, 1904Mrs. Mary R. Newell, 1906Rev. Charles L. Storrs, Jr., Shao-wu, 1904Miss Grace A. Funk, Shao-wu, 1906Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins, Pagoda Anchorage, 1907 Miss Ruth P. Ward, Ponasang, 1907
South China MissionRev. Charles R. Hager, m . d . , Hong Kong, Mrs. Marie von Rausch Hager,Rev. Charles A. Nelson, Canton,Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson,Miss Edna Lowrey, Canton,Miss Vida Lowrey, Canton,
North China MissionRev. Charles A. Stanley, Tientsin, 1862Mrs. Ursula Stanley, , 1862Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, Peking, 1865Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, 1879Rev. Mark Williams, Tung-chou, 1866Miss Mary E. Andrews, Tung-chou, 1868Miss Mary H. Porter, Peking, 1868Rev. Devello Z. Sheffield, Tung-chou, 1869Mrs. Eleanor W. Sheffield, 1869Rev. Arthur H. Smith, Pang-Chuang, 1872Mrs. Emma D. Smith, 1872Rev. William P. Sprague, Kalgan, 1874Mrs. Viette I. Sprague, 1893Rev. William S. Ament, Peking, 1877Mrs. Mary A. Ament, 1877Rev. Henry P. Perkins, Pao-ting-fu, 1882Mrs. Estella L. Perkins, m .d . , 1886Rev. Edwin E. Aiken, Pao-ting-fu, 1885Mrs. Rose M. Aiken, 1902James H. Ingram, m . d . , Tung-chou, 1887Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram, 1895Miss Luella Miner, Peking, 1887Miss H. Grace Wyckoff, Pang-Chuang, 1887Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff, Pang-Chuang, 1887Miss Nellie N. Russell, Peking, 1890Miss Abbie G. Chapin, Tung-chou, 1893Rev. George D. Wilder, Tung-chou, 1894Mrs. Gertrude Stanley Wilder, 1893Rev. Charles E. Ewing, Tientsin, 1894Mrs. Bessie G. Ewing, 1894Rev. Howard S. Galt, Tung-chou, 1899Mrs. Louise A. Galt, 1899Rev. William B. Stelle, Peking, 1901Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle, 1899
188318971892189219071907
o f the Board 1 8 9
James H. McCann, Tientsin, 1901Mrs. Netta K. McCann, 1901Miss Bertha P. Reed, Peking, 1902Francis F. Tucker, m .d ., Pang-Chuang, 1902Mrs. Emma B. Tucker, 1902Miss Laura N. Jones, Pao-ting-fu, 1903Rev. Emery W. Ellis, Lintsing, 1904Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis, 1904Miss Jessie E. Payne, Peking, 1904Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Jr., Pang-Chuang, 1904Mrs. Louise H. Stanley, 1904Charles W. Young, m . d . , Peking, 1904Mrs. Olivia D. Young, 1904Miss Alice S. Browne, Tung-chou, 1905Miss Lucia E. Lyons, Pang-Chuang, 1905Miss Susan B. Tallmon, m .d ., Lintsing, 1905Miss May N. Corbett, Peking, 1906Miss Mabel A. Ellis, Tientsin, 1907
Shansi MissionRev. Ireneus J. Atwood, m . d ., Fen-cho-fu, 1882Mrs. Annette W. Atwood, 1882Willoughby A. Hemingway, m .d ., Tai-ku, 1903Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway, 1903Rev. Paul L. Corbin, Tai-ku, 1904Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin, 1904Miss Flora K. Heebner, Tai-ku, 1904Rev. Watts O. Pye, Fen-cho-fu, 1907Miss Daisie P. Gehman, Tai-ku, 1907
Japan Mission
Rev. Daniel C. Greene, Tokyo, 18C9Mrs. Mary J. Greene, 1869Rev. Jerome D. Davis, Kyoto, 1871Mrs. Frances H. Davis, 1883Mrs. Agnes H. Gordon, Kyoto, 1872Rev. John L. Atkinson, Kobe, 1873Miss Eliza Talcott, Kobe, 1873Rev. Wallace Taylor, m . d ., Osaka, 1873Mrs. Mary S. Taylor, 1873Miss Julia A. E. Gulick, Miyazaki, 1874Rev. John H. DeForest, Sendai, 1874Mrs. Elizabeth S. DeForest, 1874Rev. Dwight W. Learned, Kyoto, 1875Mrs. Florence H. Learned, 1875Miss Martha J. Barrows, Kobe, 187t>Miss H . Frances Parmelee, Matsuyama, 1877Rev. Otis Cary, Kyoto, 1878Mrs. Ellen M. Cary, 1878Rev. James H. Pettee, Okayama, 1878Mrs. Belle W. Pettee, 1878Miss Abbie M. Colby, Osaka, 1879Rev. George Allchin, Osaka, 1882Mrs. Nellie M. Allchin, 18*2Miss Adelaide Daughaday, Sapporo, 1883Miss Susan A. Searle, Kobe, 188:,Rev. Arthur W. Stanford, Kobe, 1886Mrs. Jane H. Stanford, 1886Rev. George M. Rowland, Sapporo, 1886Mrs. Helen A. Rowland, 1886Miss Cornelia Judson, Matsuyama, 1886Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett, Otaru, 1887Mrs. Fanny G. Bartlett, 1894Rev. Cyrus A. Clark, Miyazaki, 1887Mrs. Harriet M. Clark, 1887Rev. Sidney L. Gulick, Kyoto, 1887Mrs. Cara M. Gulick, 1887Miss Annie L. Howe, Kobe, 1887Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Okayama, 1887Rev. Horatio B. Newell, Matsuyama, 1887
190 Missionaries o f the Board [Report
Mrs. Jane C. Newell,Miss Mary F. Denton, Kyoto,Miss Gertrude Cozad, K5be,Miss Annie H . Bradshaw, Sendai,Rev. Hilton Pedley, Maebashi,Mrs. Martha J. Pedley,Miss Mary B. Daniels, Osaka,Miss Fannie E. Griswold, Maebashi,Rev. Schuyler S. White, Okayama,Mrs. Ida McL. White,Rev. William L. Curtis, Niigata,Mrs. Gertrude A. Curtis,Miss Elizabeth Torrey, Kobe,Miss Alice P. Adams, Okayama,Miss Lucy E. Case, Osaka,Rev. Henry J. Bennett, Tottori,Mrs. Anna J. Bennett,Miss Mary A. Holbrook, m . d . , Kobe,Rev. Morton D. Dunning, Kyoto,Mrs. Mary W. Dunning,Rev. Charles M. Warren, Matsuyama,Mrs. Cora Keith Warren,Rev. C. Burnell Olds, Miyazaki,Mrs. Genevieve W. Olds,Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Kobe,Miss Charlotte B. DeForest, K5be,Rev. Frank A. Lombard, Kyoto,Rev. Edward S. Cobb, Niigata,Mrs. Florence B. Cobb,Mrs. Amanda A. Walker, Kobe,Miss Elizabeth Ward, Osaka,Miss Julia C. Hocking, Kobe,Mr. Dana I. Grover, Kyoto,
Micronesian Mission
Rev. Hiram Bingham, residing at Honolulu, Rev. Alfred C. Walkup, Kusaie,Rev. Irving M. Channon, Ocean Island, Mrs. Mary L. Channon,Miss Ida C. Foss, Ponape,Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Kusaie,Miss Louise E. Wilson, Kusaie,Rev. Clinton F. Rife, m . d . , Mejuro,Mrs. Isadoro Rife,Miss Jennie Olin, Kusaie,Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, Truk,
Miss Jane D. Baldwin, Truk, 1898Rev. Martin L. Stimson, Truk, 1898Mrs. Emily B. Stimson, 1898Rev. Thomas Gray, Ponape, 1900Mrs. Leta D. Gray, 1900Mrs. Maria G. Jagnow, Truk, 1904Rev. Herbert E. B. Case, Guam, 1904
! Mrs. Ada R. Case, 1904j Rev. Philip A. Delaporte, Nauru, 1907
Mrs. Delaporte, 1907
Mission to the Philippinesj Rev. Robert F. Black, Davao, Mindanao, 1902j Mrs. Gertrude G. Black, 19015
Mexican MissionRev. John Howland, Guadalajara, 1882Mrs. Sara B. Howland, 1882Rev. James D. Eaton, Chihuahua, 1882
I Mrs. Gertrude C. Eaton, 1882j Rev. Alfred C. Wright, Parral, 188G
Mrs. Annie C. Wright, 188GMiss Ellen O. Prescott, Parral, 1888Miss Mary Dunning, Parral, 1889Rev. Horace T. Wagner, Hermosillo, 1894Mrs. Della McC. Wagner, 1895Miss Mary F. Long, Chihuahua, 1897Miss Alice Gleason, Guadalajara, 1901Miss Octavia.W. Mathews, Guadalajara, 1904Rev. Theodore F. Hahn, Guadalajara, 1904Mrs. Anna S. Hahn, 1904
Spanish MissionRev. William H. Gulick, Madrid, 1871Miss Alice H. Bushee, Madrid, 1892Miss Mary L. Page, Madrid, 1892Miss Anna F. Webb, Madrid, 1892Miss May Morrison, Madrid, 1904Miss Helen Winger, Madrid, 1904
Austrian Mission
Rev. Albert W. Clark, Prague, 1872Mrs. Ruth E. Clark, 1884Rev. John S. Porter, Prague, 1891
‘ Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter, 1893
1888188818881889188918871889188!)1890188818901890189018911892190119051901190219021902189919031903190319031904190419041905190619071907
185G1880189018901890189018931894189418971898
CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD
19 0 7] Corporate Members of the Board 19 1
All male missionaries of the Board who have been seven years in service and still holding its commission are Corporate Members. Their names will be found in the preceding list of missionaries.
[The names under each state are arranged according to date of election]
Maine 1889. James M. W. Hall, Newton Center.187G. Rev. Frederick A. Noble, Phillips. 1890. Rev. John R. Thurston, Whitinsville.1883. Rev. William H. Fenn, Portland. 1890. Thomas Weston, Newton.1884. Rev. William P. Fisher, Brunswick. 1890. Rev. William W. Jordan, Clinton.1889. Pres. David N. Beach, Bangor. 1891. Rev. Charles H. Daniels, South Framingham.1890. Galen C. Moses, Bath. 1891. Rev. William G. Ballantine, Springfield.1892. George H. Eaton, Calais. 1891. Rev. Smith Baker, Lowell.1901. John M. Gould, Portland. 1894. Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Center.1905. Rev. Percival F. Marston, Lewiston. 1894. John E. Bradley, Randolph.1905. S. M. Came, Alfred. 1894. Rev. DeWitt S. Clark, Salem.1907. Rev. John H. Quint, Rockland. 1894. Charles A. Hopkins, Brookline.
1894. Rev. John H. Lockwood, Springfield.New Hampshire 1894. Rev. George E. Lovejoy, Lawrence.
1881. Rev. Franklin D. Ayer, Concord. 1895. Edward W. Chapin, Holyoke.1890. Edward P. Kimball, Portsmouth. 1895. W. Murray Crane, Dalton.1893. Pres. William J. Tucker, Hanover. 1895. William F. Whittemore, Boston.1894. Elisha R. Brown, Dover. 1895. Frank H. Wiggin, Boston.1896. Rev. Cyrus Richardson, Nashua. 1895. Rev. Charles M. Southgate, Newtonville.1896. Rev. Edward C. Ewing, Newcastle. 1895. Henry E. Cobb, Newton.1897. Rev. George E. Hall, Dover. 1895. Rev. Asher Anderson, Cambridge.1905. Henry C. Holbrook, m . d . , Penacook. 1895. Rev. Frank L. Goodspeed, Springfield.1906. Henry W. Lane, Keene. 1895.
1895.Thomas Todd, Concord.Rev. George A. Gordon, Boston.
Vermont 1895. Frederick Fosdick, Fitchburg.1871. Oliver O. Howard, Burlington. 1895. Rev. Willard Scott, Worcester.1877. Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johnsbury. 1896. Rev. Arcturus Z. Conrad, Boston.1880. Rev. William S. Smart, Brandon. - 1896. Rev. Edward A. Reed, Holyoke.1890. Charles W. Osgood, Bellows Falls. 1896. Samuel Usher, Cambridge.1894. Gilbert M. Sykes, Dorset. 1896. William B. Plunkett, Adams.1896. Rev. Charles H. Dickinson, Middlebury. 1896. Rev. William E. Wolcott, Lawrence.1905. John M. Comstock, Chelsea. 1896. Charles N. Prouty, Spencer.1905. David M. Camp, Newport. 1896. Rev. Samuel V. Cole, Norton.1905. Rev. Lucius F. Reed, Montpelier. 1896. George E. Tucker, Ware.1905. H. Chester Jackson, m . d . , Woodstock. 1896. Charles E. Swett, Winchester.1905. H. M. Stevens, St. Albans. 1897. Samuel C. Darling, Somerville.1906. Rev. Harry R. Miles, Brattleboro. 1897. Rev. W. V. W. Davis, Pittsfield.1906. Rev. Clifford H. Smith, Pittsford. 1897.
1897.Edward Whitin, Whitinsville. Rev. Franklin S. Hatch, Newton.
Massachusetts 1897. John C. Berry, m . d ., Worcester.1867. Rev. Joshua W. Wellman, Malden. 1897. Rev. Albert F. Pierce, Campello.1874. Richard H. Stearns, Boston. 1897. Arthur H. Wellman, Malden.1875. A. Lyman Williston, Northampton. 1898. Henry H . Proctor, Boston.1876. Elbridge Torrey, Boston. 1899. Pres. George Harris, Amherst.1879. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, Auburndale. 1899. Mortimer B. Mason, Boston.1883. Samuel B. Capen, Boston. 1899. Rev. Edward C. Moore, Cambridge.1886. G. Henry Whitcomb, Worcester. 1899. Miss Caroline Hazard, Wellesley.1886. Rev. George W. Phillips, Shrewsbury. 1900. Rev. William R. Campbell, Roxbury.1887. Rev. Arthur Little, Dorchester. 1900. Rev. Franke A. Warfield, Milford.1887. Rev. George A. Tewksbury, Concord. 1900. Rev. Robert M. Woods, Hatfield.1887. Rev. Alexander McKenzie, Cambridge. 1900. Rev. Edward S. Tead, Somerville.1887. Rev. George F. Pentecost, Northfield. 1900. George E. Keith, Campello.1888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, Auburndale. 1900. Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, Newton.1888. Pres. Henry Hopkins, Williamstown. 1901. Rev. Edward Y. Hincks, Andover.1888. Rev. Payson W. Lyman, Fall River. 1901. Rev. Philip S. Moxom, Springfield.1889. Rev. Albert E. Dunning, Brookline. 1901. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Newton Center.1889. A. G. Cumnock, Lowell. 1901. Frank Wood, Boston.
192 Corporate Members o f the Board [Report
1902. Herbert A. Wilder, Newton.1902. Pres. L. Clarke Seelye, Northampton.1902. Rev. Frank K. Sanders, Boston.1902. Rev. Samuel L. Loomis, Bedford.1903. Frank A. Day, Newton.1903. Miss Mary E. Woolley, South Hadley.1903. A . H. Lowe, Fitchburg.1903. Luke W . Fowle, Woburn.1903. Lewis A. Crossett, North Abington.1903. Francis O. Winslow, Norwood.1904. Rev. John H. Denison, Boston.1905. Edward S. Rogers, Lee.1905. Rev. William E. Strong, New'tonville.1905. Rev. William W. Doman, Plymouth.1905. Francis A. Rugg, Greenfield.1906. Rev. Charles C. Merrill, Winchendon. 190G. Frederick A. Russell, Methuen.1906. Harry Wade Hicks, Melrose Highlands.1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, Beverly.1906. Rev. Albert P. Fitch, Boston.1907. Rev. George A. Hall, Brookline.1907. Seba A. Holton, Falmouth.1907. Lemuel L. Dexter, Mattapoisett.1907. Alvin L. Wright, South Hadley.
Rhode Island1877. Rev. James G. Vose, Providence.1894. Rev. James H. Lyon, Central Falls.1896. Rev. John A . MacColl, Providence.1897. Herbert J. Wells, Kingston.1898. Rowland G. Hazard, Peacedale.
Connecticut1876. Rev. Edward N . Packard, Stratford.1881. Lewis A . Hyde, Norwich.1882. Rev. Azel W. Hazen, Middletown.1882. Franklin Carter, New Haven.1885. Rev. George P. Fisher, New Haven. 1889. Rev. Lewellyn Pratt, N orwich.1889. Edwin H. Baker, Greenwich.1889. Rev. Chester D. Hartranft, Hartford.1890. N. D. Sperry, New Haven.1890. Rev. Samuel H. Howe, Norwich.1891. Rev. Joseph H. Twichell, Hartford.1892. Waterman R. Burnham, Norwich.1893. John H. Perry, Southport.1894. O. V. Coffin, .Middletown.1894. Rev. John G. Davenport, Waterbury.1894. Rev. William W. McLane, New Haven.1895. Rev. Watson L. Phillips, New Haven.1895. Rev. Joseph H. Selden, Greenwich.1896. Rev. Joseph Anderson, Woodmont.1896. George M. Woodruff, Litchfield.1896. Rev. John DePeu, Bridgeport.1897. Rev. Newman Smyth, New Haven.1897. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford.1897. Rev. James W. Bixler, New' London.1897. Rev. Harlan P. Beach, New Haven.1897. Rev. F. B. Makepeace, Granby.1898. Rev. Calvin B. Moody, Bristol.1898. Rev. Wallace Nutting, Southbury.1899. Rev. Everett K. Lewis, Haddam.1899. George B. Burrall, Lakeville.1900. Rev. Arthur W. Ackerman, Torrington.1900. Rev. Frank S. Child, Fairfield.1901. David N. Camp, New Britain.1901. Rev. Edwin P. Parker, Hartford.1902. Charles R. Burt, Hartford.1902. Rev. Frank D. Sargent, Putnam.
1902. Rev. William H. Holman, Southport.1903. Henry H. Bridgman, Norfolk.1903. William H. Catlin, Meriden.1904. Rev. Rockwell H. Potter, Hartford.1904. Rev. Henry C. Woodruff, Bridgeport.1905. Charles A. Thompson, Ellington.1906. Daniel O. Rogers, New Britain.1906. Rev. Williston Walker, New Haven.1907. D. W . Williams, Glastonbury.1907. Rev. Theophilus S. Devitt, Branford.1907. Pres. William Douglas Mackenzie, Hartford,
New YorK1869. Rev. George N. Boardman, New York City.1876. Rev. Henry A. Stimson, New York City.1883. Rev. Henry L. Hubbell, New York City.1884. Rev. James W. Cooper, New York City.1888. Chester Holcombe, Rochester.1889. John D. Cutter, Brooklyn.1889. Rev. Charles C. Creegan, New York City.1890. Rev. William A. Robinson, Syracuse.1890. Rev. Samuel H. Virgin, New York City.1891. Joseph E. Brown, Brooklyn.1894. Rev. Franklin S. Fitch, Buffalo.1894. Charles A. Hull, Brooklyn.1894. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, Brooklyn.1894. Rev. Charles H. Richards, New York City.1894. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brooklyn.1895. Lucien C. Warner, New York City.1895. David A. Thompson, Albany.1895. J. J. McWilliams, Buffalo.1896. Rev. William E. Griffis, Ithaca.1896. Rev. Lyman Abbott, New York City.1896. Thomas Y. Crowell, New Ti ork City.1896. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New York City.1896. Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie.1897. Rev. Robert J. Kent, Brooklyn.1897. Albro J. Newton, Brooklyn.1897. W. H. Nichols, Brooklyn.1898. Dyer B. Holmes, New York City.1899. Rev. Elliott C. Hall, Jamestown.1899. Grace N. Kimball, m.d., Poughkeepsie.1900. Rev. Newell D. Hillis, Brooklyn.1900. Mrs. Joseph Cook, Ticonderoga.1901. Frank S. Jones, Brooklyn.1902. Rev. N. McGee Waters, Brooklyn.1903. Rev. S. Parkes Cadman, Brooklyn.1904. Harry A. Flint, Syracuse.1905. Rev. Harry A. Lawrence, Carthage.1905. Charles Lee, Binghamton.1905. H. B. Olmstead, Walton.1906. Clarence H. Kelsey, New York City.1906. William H. Crosby, Buffalo.1907. Charles H. Aldrich, Riverliead.
New Jersey1891. Rev. Amory H. Bradford, Montclair.1894. Rev. William Hayes Ward, Newark.1906. James M. Speers, Montclair.
Pennsylvania1898. William H. Lambert, Philadelphia.1899. Rev. Thomas C. Edwards, Kingston.1903. H. J. Heinz, Pittsburg.1907. Edward B. Sturges, Scranton.
Ohio
1884. Pres. Charles F. Thwing, Cleveland.1887. Rev. William E. Park, Oberlin.
1907] Corporate Members o f the Board
1888. Rev. Washington Gladden, Columbus.1895. Rev. Caspar W. Hiatt, Cleveland.1895. Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland.1896. Rev. Henry M. Tenney, Oberlin.1897. Lucius F. Mellen, Cleveland.1897. Rev. Arthur H . Pearson, Oberlin.1898. William W. Mills, Marietta.1902. Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin.1902. Rev. John R. Nichols, Marietta.1904. Rev. John W. Bradshaw, Oberlin.1904. Rev. Irving W. Metcalf, Oberlin.1905. Rev. Thomas D. Phillips, Chardon.1905. W. I. Chamberlain, Hudson.1905. S. S. Searles, Geneva.1906. Rev. Edward I. Bosworth, Oberlin.1906. John G. Jennings, Cleveland.1906. Edward H. Rhoades, Toledo.1906. Uriah S. Shelley, Ashland.1907. Pres. Alfred T. Perry, Marietta.1907. Frank L. Fairchild, Mount Vernon.1907. Rev. Dwight M. Pratt, Cincinnati.
Maryland1904. Rev. Oliver Huckel, Baltimore.
District o f Columbia1870. Rev. Edward.Hawes, Washington.1877. Rev. Eliphalet Whittlesey, Washington.1888. Rev. Frank P. Woodbury, Washington. 1891. Merrill E. Gates, Washington.1896. David J. Brewer, Washington.1907. John B. Sleman, Jr., Washington.
Florida1895. Rev. William H. Woodwell, Pomona.1906. Rev. Mason Noble, Lake Helen.
Tennessee1897. Rev. James G. Merrill, Nashville.
Louisiana1905. Rev. Richard V. Sims, New Iberia.
Texas1896. Rev. Homer T. Fuller, San Antonio.1907. Rev. Walter C. Veazie, Dallas.
Indiana
1906. Rev. Andrew U. Ogilvie, Elkhart.
Illinois1871. Eliphalet W. Blatchford, Chicago.1871. Ralph Emerson, Rockford.1875. Charles H. Bull, Quincy.1877. Charles H. Case, Chicago.1878. Joel K. Scarborough, Pavson.1886. Rev. Edward M. Williams, Oak Park.1888. Rev. G. S. F. Savage, Chicago.1889. Rev. E. F. Williams, Chicago.1889. Rev. William A. Waterman, Elgin.1891. Rev. Julian M. Sturtevant, Chicago.1891. Edward H. Pitkin, Oak Park.1892. Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Chicago.1893. Rev. Frederick S. Hayden, Jacksonville.1893. Charles H. Hulburd, Chicago.1894. H . T. Lay, Kewanee.1894. Rev. Clarence A. Beckwith, Chicago.1895. Charles A. Webster, Galesburg.1895. David Fales, Lake Forest.
1897. Rev. Willard B. Thorp, Chicago.1897. Rev. Frank N. White, Chicago.1897. Pres. Thomas McClelland, Galesburg.1897. Rev. William H. Pound, Chicago.1899. Mrs. Mary P. H. Leake, Chicago.1899. Rev. Frederick E. Hopkins, Chicago. 1901. Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park.1901. Thomas C. MacMillan, Chicago.1902. Rev. Sydney Strong, Chicago.1905. Thomas D. Catlin, Ottawa.1905. James Craig, Champaign.1905. Rev. Charles L. Morgan, Elgin.1906. H. H. Kennedy, Chicago.1906. Frank Kimball, Oak Park.1906. Rev. John C. Myers, Gridley.1907. M. A. Dean, Evanston.1907. Dr. D. K. Pearsons, Hinsdale.1907. Pres. Graham Taylor, Chicago.1907. James C. Hanna, Aurora.
Michigan1882. Pres. James B. Angell, Ann Arbor.1889. Rev. William H. Warren, Lansing.1892. George Parsons, Watervliet.1893. Frank D. Taylor, Detroit.1894. C. A. Gower, Lansing.1895. E. F. Grabill, Greenville.1904. Rev. R. W. McLaughlin, Grand Rapids.1904. H. J. Hollister, Grand Rapids.1906. Rev. Archibald Hadden, Muskegon.1906. George N. Stray, Ludington.1906. C. B. Stowell, Hudson.1907. G. C. Meisel, Port Huron.1907. Rev. Carl S. Patton, Ann Arbor.
Wisconsin
1876. Rev. Edward H. Merrell, Ripon.1887. Rev. George R. Leavitt, Beloit.1889. Rev. Alexander R. Thain, Wauwatosa.1889. Pres, Edward D. Eaton, Beloit.1894. John M. Whitehead, Janesville.1896. Rev. Eugene G. Updike, Madison.1899. Orrin H. Ingram, Eau Claire.1906. C. S. Kitchel, Milwaukee.
Minnesota1871. Rev. James W. Strong, Northfield.1890. George H. Rust, Minneapolis.1894. Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock, Minneapolis.1895. Rev. George R. Merrill, Minneapolis. 189G. William H. Laird, Winona.1898. Miss Margaret J. Evans, Northfield.1900. Pres. Cyrus Northrop, Minneapolis.1901. Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis.1902. Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis.1903. David Percy Jones, Minneapolis.1905. Frederick W. Lyman, Minneapolis.190G. Charles H. Cooper, Mankato.1906. George E. Perley, Moorhead.
Iowa
1891. Nathan P. Dodge, Council Bluffs.1895. Rev. Alvah L. Frisbie, Des Moines.1896. Rev. William W. Gist, Cedar Falls.1897. Elliot S. Miller, Des Moines.1898. Rev. J. E. Snowden, Cedar Falls.1901. Mrs. J. F. Hardin, Eldora.1904. F. A. McCornack, Sioux City.
194 Corporate Members o f the Board [Report
1904.1905. 1905. 1905. 1907. 1907. 1907.
1887.1892.1897.1899.1905.1906.
1890.1897.190G.1906.1907.
1892.1905.1906.
1892.1894.1894.
1895.1905.1906. 1906.
1900.1906.1907.
1906.
1894.1895.
L. A. McMurray, Webster City.W. B. Whiting, Whiting.Rev. Wesley E. Bovey, Traer.Rev. William L. Bray, Sheldon.E. N. Coleman, Davenport.Rev. Frank W . Hodgdon, Des Moines. Rev. Herbert J. Hinman, Cresco.
MissouriRev. Thomas B. McLeod, St. Louis. Augustus W. Benedict, St. Louis.Rev. Charles S. Mills, St. Louis.Pres. J. H. George, Springfield.A . P. Hall, Springfield.Edward E. Holmes, Kansas City.
North DakotaRev. George B. Barnes, Fargo.Pres. Edmund M. Vittum, Fargo.Rev. George B. Denison, Cando. Newton C. Young, Fargo.Arthur D. Parker, Carrington.
South DakotaE. P. Wilcox, Yankton.A. Loomis, Redfield.Rev. George F,. Green, Fort Pierre.
NebraskaRev. John E. Tuttle, Lincoln.Rev. Motier A. Bullock, Lincoln.S. Storrs Cotton, Norfolk.Rev. Lewis Gregory, Lincoln.Pres. D. Brainerd Perry, Crete.Charles H. Tully, Grand Island.Rev. Lucius O. Baird, Omaha.
KansasM. V . B. Parker, Olathe Rev. Francis L. Hayes, Topeka.George A. Guild, Sabetha.
MontanaEdward H. Talcott, Livingston.
ColoradoRev. James B. Gregg, Colorado Springs. Rev. Frank T. Bayley, Denver.
New Mexico1906. Rev. Josiah H. Heald, Albuquerque.
Utah1890. Rev. John D. Kingsbury, Salt Lake City.
Idaho1906. Rev. Charles E. Mason, Mountain Home.
Washington1896. Pres. Stephen B. L. Penrose, Walla Walla.1902. Rev. Edward L. Smith, Seattle.1905. Edwin Eells, Tacoma.1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, Seattle.
Oregon
1907. Pres. William N. Ferrin, Forest Grove.
C alifornia1871. Pres. John K. McLean, Berkeley.1876. Edward P. Flint, Oakland.1890. Rev. Hiram D. Wiard, Auburn.1890. Rev. Herbert W . Lathe, San Diego.1895. Rev. Walter Frear, Oakland.1895. Rev. Robert R. Meredith, Pasadena.1895. Rev. Jean F. Loba, Pasadena.1896. Rev. Charles R. Brown, Oakland.1897. Rev. George C. Adams, San Francisco.1903. J. Ross Clark, Los Angeles.1904. Rev. H. Melville Tenney, East Oakland.1905. George W . Marston, San Diego.1905. Rev. Cyrus G. Baldwin, Palo Alto.1906. Peter Cook, Rio Vista.1906. Pres. George A. Gates, Claremont.1907. Rev. John H. Williams, Redlands.
Hawaiian Islands
1899. Peter C. Jones, Honolulu.1899. Rev. Doremus Scudder, Honolulu.1906. William R. Castle, Honolulu.1907. Henry P. Baldwin, Honolulu.
Syria
1897. Pres. Howard S. Bliss, Beirut.
I9° 7] Members Deceased or Resigned J 9 5
CORPORATE MEMBERS DECEASED, RESIGNED, OR REMOVED FROM DISTRICT
Since January 1, 1905
[The names of Corporate Members deceased or resigned prior to January 1, 1905,Annual Reports for 1895 and 1905.]
Death or
Election Resignation Election
Vermont 1896. C. Delano Wood,1869. Charles F. Thompson, 1906 1894. Rev. E. P. Ingersoll,1877. Pres. M. H. Buckham, r., 1907 1871. D. Willis James,1905. Rev. B. M. Swift, removed, 1907
Pennsylvania
New Hampshire 1882. Rev. Frank Russell,1895. Rev. Fritz W. Baldwin, r., 1907 1876. Rev. Burdett Hart,1897. Charles P. Peirce, 1907
Ohio
Massachusetts 1896. Joseph C. Noyes, r.,1892. Rev. William H. Davis, 1905 1890. Walter A. Mahony, r .,
1897. James G. Buttrick, 1905Illinois1896. Samuel B. Shapleigh, r., 1905
1872. Rev. L. Henry Cobb, 1906 1883. William H. Rice,1884,1887.
Rev. Judson Smith, Elijah Swift,
19061906 Michigan
1892. Henry M. Moore, 1906 1894. Rev. Willard G. Sperry,1894. Edward F. Morris, 1906
Wisconsin1896. Charles J. Holmes, 19061904. Richard B. Borden, 1906 1895. Rev. Elihu C. Barnard, r . ,1906. Rev. S. M. Cathcart, rem oved, 1907
MissouriRev. Michael Burnham,
1881. Rev. Albert H. Plumb,
Connecticut
19071885.
1877. Rev. James G. Johnson, 1905 North Dakota
1895. Rev. Russell T. Hall, 1905 1906. Rev. H. K. Hawley, removec.
1896. Lucian D. Warner, 1905Kansas1877. Nathaniel Shipman, 1906
1896. Rev. George B. Stevens, 1906 1904. Warren M. Crosby,1896. James B. Williams, 1906
California
New York 1895. Rev. W. F. Day, r .,
1887. John F. Anderson, Jr., 1905 1905. Rev. R. B. Larkin, removed.
1871. Rev. Simon J. Humphrey, 1906 1886. Rev. C. A. Dickinson,
be found in
D eath or
Resignation19061907 1907
19051906
19061907
1905
1900
1906
1905
1907
1907
190719071907
1 9 6 Officers o f the Board [Report
OFFICERS OF THE BOARD
E lected S erv ice ended E lected S erv ice endedPresidents 1865. Rev. Andrew L. Stone, 1866
1810. John Treadwell, 1820 1865. James M. Gordon, 18761823. Rev. Joseph Lyman, 1826 1866. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 18751826. John Cotton Smith, 1841 1868. Ezra Farnsworth, 18891841. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 1857 1869. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 18761857. Rev. Mark Hopkins, 1887 1870. J. Russell Bradford, 18831887. Rev. Richard S. Storrs, 1897 1870. Joseph S. Ropes, 18941897. Rev. Charles M. Lamson, 1899 1875. Rev. Egbert C. Smyth, 18861899. 'Samuel B. Capen, 1876.
1876.Rev. Edwin B. Webb, Charles C. Burr,
19001900
Vice-Presidents 1876. Elbridge Torrey, 18931810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1878. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, 18821819. Rev. Joseph Lyman, 1823 1882. Rev. Albert H. Plumb, 19031823. John Cotton Smith, 1826 1883. William P. Ellison, 19031826. Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1839 1884. Rev. Charles F. Thwing, 18861839. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 1841 1880. Rev. Edward S. Atwood, 18881841. Thomas S. Williams, 1857 1886. Rev. Charles A. Dickinson, 18921857. William Jessup, 1864 1888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 18921864. William E. Dodge, 1883 1889. G. Henry Whitcomb, 19051883. Eliphalet W. Blatchford, 1897 1893. A. Lyman Williston, 18941897. D. Willis James, 1900 1893. Rev. James G. Vose, 18991900. Rev. Henry Hopkins, 1906 1893. Henry D. Hyde, 1897190G. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, 1907 1893. James M. W. Hall, 19051907. Rev. Henry C. King, 1893.
1893.Rev. John E. Tuttle, Rev. William W. Jordan,
18941904
Prudential Committee 1893. Rev. Elijah Horr, 19041810. William Bartlett, 1814 1894. Charles A. Hopkins, 19041810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1894. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, 18991810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, 1821 1896. Rev. William H . Davis, 19051812. Jeremiah Evarts, 1830 1897. Samuel C. Darling, 19061815. Rev. Jedediah Morse, 1821 1899. Rev. Edward C. Moore.1818. William Reed, 1834 1900. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 19061819. Rev. Leonard Woods, 1844 1900. Edward Whitin, 19071821. Samuel Hubbard, 1843 1903. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett.1821. Rev. Warren Fay, 1839 1903. Francis O. Winslow.1828. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 1835 1904. Herbert A. Wilder.1831. Rev. Elias Cornelius, 1832 1904. Edward M. Noyes.1832. Samuel T. Armstrong, 1850 1904. John Hopkins Denison.183-. Charles Stoddard, 1873 1905. Frederick Fosdick, 19061834. John Tappan 1864 1905. Arthur H. Wellman.1835. Daniel Noyes, 1846 1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, 19061837. Rev. Nehemiah Adams, 1869 1906. Charles A. Hopkins.1839. Rev. Silas Aiken, 1849 1906. Albert P. Fitch.1843. William W . Stone, 1850 1906. Henry H. Proctor.1845. William J. Hubbard, 1859 1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, 19071849. Rev. Augustus C. Thompson, 1893 1907. Rev. George A. Hall.1850. William T. Eustis, 18681850. John Aiken, 1865 Corresponding Secretaries
1851. Daniel Safford, 1856 1810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, 182118TA. Henry Hill, 1865 1821. Jeremiah Evarts, 18311856. Rev. Isaac Ferris, 1857 1831. Rev. Elias Cornelius, 18321856. Walter S. Griffith, 1870 1832. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 18351856. Rev. Asa D. Smith, 1863 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 18661857. Alpheus Hardy, 1886 1832. Rev. David Greene, 18481859. Linus Child, 1870 1835. Rev. William J. Armstrong, 18471860. William S. Southworth, 1865 1847. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 18771863. Rev. Albert Barnes, 1870 1848. Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, 18591863. Rev. Robert R. Booth, 1870 1852. Rev. George W. Wood, 187118C5. Abner Kingman, 1877 1865. Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark, 1894
1 Member of the Prudential Committee, e x officio
1907] Officers o f the Board 197
E lected Service ended E lected Service ended1876. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 1893 1854. James M. Gordon, 18651880. Rev. John O. Means, 1883 1865. Langdon S. Ward, 18951884. Rev. Judson Smith, 1906 1896. Frank H. Wiggin.1893. Rev. Charles H. Daniels, 19031894. Rev. James L. Barton. Assistant Treasurer1904. Rev. Cornelius H . Patton. 1895. Frank H. Wiggin, 1896
Assistant Corresponding Secretaries Auditors1824. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1832 1810. Joshua Goodale, 18121828. Rev. David Greene, 1832 1812. Samuel H. Walley, 1813
Editorial Secretaries1813. Charles Walley, 18141814. Chester A dams, 1817
1894. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong (E m eritu s iqof). 1817. Ashur Adams, 18221907. Rev. William E. Strong. 1822. Chester Adams, 1827
1827. William Ropes, 1829Associate Secretaries 1829. John Tappan, 1834
1906. Harry Wade Hicks. 1829. Charles Stoddard, 18321906. Rev. William E. Strong, 1907 1832. William J. Hubbard, 1842
1834. Daniel Noyes, 1835Recording Secretaries 1835. Charles Scudder, 1847
1810. Rev. Calvin Chapin, 1843 1842. Moses L. Hale, 18681843. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1847 1847. Samuel H. Walley, 18761847. Rev. Samuel M. Worcester, 1866 1867. Joseph S. Ropes, 18701866. Rev. John O. Means, 1881 1868. Thomas H. Russell, 18761881. Rev. Henry A. Stimson. 1870. Avery Plumer, 1887
1874. Richard H. Stearns, 1875Assistant Recording Secretaries 1875. Elbridge Torrey, 1876
1836. Charles Stoddard, 1839 1876. James M. Gordon, 18921839. Rev. Bela B. Edwards, 1842 1876. Arthur W. Tufts, 18921842. Rev. Daniel Crosby, 1843 1887. Joseph C. Tyler, 18891888. Rev. Edward N. Packard. 1889. Samuel Johnson, 1897
1892. Richard H. Steams, 1896Treasurers 1892. Edwin H. Baker.
1810. Samuel H. Walley, 1811 1896. Elisha R. Brown, 19011811. Jeremiah Evarts, 1822 1897. Henry E. Cobb.1822. Henry Hill, 1854 1901. William B. Plunkett.
Honorary Members [Report
HONORARY MEMBERS
From September i, 1905, to September 1, 19071
MaineRich, Mary Blanche
New HampshireBlood, Bertha D.Chase, Miss Harriett Louise Fiske, Mrs. William Hatch, David P., Jr.Hatch, Mrs. Cora J.Langdale, Rev. Thomas G. Senter, Mrs. Harriet P.Shepard, John S.Stevens, Mrs. Grace E.Whitley, Rev. John E.
VermontJames, Curtis H.Pratt, Rev. Arthur P.Thorpe, Rev. Walter Vaughan, Mrs. Angie
MassachusettsAllen, Mary E. P.Allen, Mrs. Minnie E.Allis, Clarence I.Allis, Irving Anderson, Miss Mary Andrews, Lewellyn H.Ashley, Mrs. Jennie L.Babcock, James Ball, Lucian E.Ball, Stanley C.Bardin, James E.Bardwell, Mrs. Sarah Gleason Barton, Claire C.Beisiegel, Mrs. J. Jacob Bellinger, Ethel M.Bradley, Susan C.Brewer, Margaret S.Bridges, Miss Emeline P.Briggs, Mrs. Mary J.Bunce, Philip D., m . d .Oahoon, Annie C.Chadwick, Luna Chamberlain, Susan A.Chase, Mrs. Jane E. F. Chisholm, Lila A.Church, Elia M.Clapp, Hattie F.Coohdge, Andrew Cram, Frank W .Cutter, Frederick S.Deming, Rev. Vernon H.Dole, Arthur C.Dooly, Mrs. John Drury, Miss Ella M.Dunham, Rosabel S.Emrich, Rev. R. Stanley Merrill Ewing, William C.Field, Howard C.Foster, Frederic J.Fraser, Ella D.Fuller, Rev. Augustus Hemenway Haworth, Agnes R.Hazen, Rev. Frank W.Hooker, Mrs. Annie M.Hooper, Evelyn D.Hyde, Rev. Albert M., d . d . Jones, Judith L.
Julien, Rev. Matthew C. Keig, J. Otto Keith, Helen Ford Landre, Miss Emma S.Lane, Amy S.Lane, Susan K.Little, Homer P.Littlejohn, Rev. D. C. Lothrop, Sarah L.Mather, Horace E.Meriam, Marshall Meyer, Herman W.Muzzy, Lewis C.Nickerson, Jennie M.Norris, Z. A.Norris, Mrs. Z. A.Paisley, Rev. John O. Palmer, Dea. Frank R. Pingree, Rev. Arthur H. Pitcher, Franklin W. Pomeroy, Alice M. L. Puddefoot, Rev. William G. Rice, Dea. W. B.Russell, Herbert O.Sargent, Mrs. Lydia M. Sawyer, Horace F.Sayer, William L.Sherman, Edward D.Shute, Charles H.Shute, Mrs. Mary M.Smith, Howard J.Stevens, Ezra H.Stevens, Mary Channell Sutherland, Cora M. Sutherland, Karl E. Sutherland, Mrs. Minnie J. Swallow, Mrs. Lizzie A. Thompson, Benjamin T. Travis, Warren C.Upton, Irving H.Vincent, Mrs. Ida Ware, Mrs Jennie I.Warren, Jennie E.Washburn, Frederick A. Washburn, Mrs. M. J.Webb, Rev. William H., d . d . Weeden, Rev. Charles F. Wellington, Miss Ada H. Whitcomb, David Whitcomb, Elizabeth S. Whitcomb, Ernest M.White, Dennis L.Wiggin, Mrs. Mary O. Wilder, Alice S.Wilder, Rev. Charles I. Wilkins, Miss Ellie B.
Rhode IslandLathrop, Helen Saunders
ConnecticutBaxter, William G.Beers, Mrs. Emily Jennings Bidwell, John C.Clarke, Miss C. E.Cooper, George H.Delzell, Rev. F. E.Deyo, John M.Fairchild, Eugene Foiren, Miss Lusie Gardner, Rev. Harold I.
Goodwin, Henry H.Hall, William H.Hill, Rev. Fred B.Kingsbury, Mrs. J. P.Lane, Dr. John E.Marsh, Emily E.Morse, Elmore E.Osgood, Mrs. Mary R.Payne, Miss Elizabeth W.Pratt, Dea. H. M.Relyea, James A.Schultz, Fdwin W.Searle, Mrs. Lula M.Sears, Mrs. Evelyn Lay Sheldon, Marian A.Sherwood, Miss Sarah Wakeman Silliman, Miss Caroline Smith, Carrie I.Stimson, Philip Moen Stoughton, George H.Upson, Claire B.Wheeler, Jennie R.Wilcox, Albert H.Wilcox, Dea. Henry B.Wilcox, W. J.Yahnig, William T.
New YorttClark, Mrs. John B. Doane, Howard F.Everett, Willard French, Warren C.Gage, Rev. C. Brownell Hager, Rev. Charles S. Hume, Rev. Robert Ernest Laing, John C.Leverich, Mrs. Lemona A. Otis, T. P.Vickrey, Rev. Charles V.
New Jersey
Dill, Hon. James B.Eddy, Rev. David Brewer Eddy, Josephine Russell
PennsylvaniaDrisko, Rev. Raymond C. Parshall, Mrs. Carrie Dinsmore
OhioBerry, George R.Burkholder, Rev. Clarence M. Curtiss, Miss Mary A.Evans, Richard N.Hoyt, Rev. John L.Marsh, Rev. William B. Robinson, Charles H. Thatcher, Winthrop F., m . d . Thomson, Miss Fannie E.
Georgia
Lane, Wilfred C.
Texas
Evans, Hobart Y.
1 The names of all Honorary Members constituted such from the beginning up to 1870 may be found in the Annual Report for that year; those constituted from 1870 to 1875, in the Report for 1875 ¡those from 18(5 to 18 , in the Report for 1880; those from 1880 to 1880, in the Report for 1885; those from 1885 to 1890, m theReport for 1890; those from 1890 to 1895, in the Report for 1895 ; those from 1895 to 1900, in the Report for 1JW; and those from 1900 to 1905, in the Report for 1905. The full list is omitted here to save expense.
i9°7]
OklahomaAvery, Rev. Oliver P. Rogers, Rev. Osgood W .
IllinoisCowdin, Miss Sarah E. Dow, Miss Elsie Evans, Rev. William Geisweller, Dea. W. H. Johnston, J. W.Nash, Mary A.Shaw, Hosea B.
Michigan
Freese, John P.Patch, James E.Strickland, Rev. George D. Sweet, Rev. Milo J.
Iowa
Carey, E. M. Gurley, R. H. Gurley, Mrs. R. H. Lane, Wallace R.
Honorary Members
Mudge, Mr. J. W.Noble, Miss Mary Shatto, Charles R.Shatto, Mrs. Charles R.
MinnesotaBishop, Miss Frances G. Carroll, Walter N.Dean, Rev. Edwin B.Dean, Mrs. Georgia De Con George, Mrs. Alice Gregg, Miss Nellie Washburn, Miss Julia Watson, Miss Isabella
North DakotaBliss, Rev. Francis C. Conkle, Rev. N. W.
South DakotaMattson, Rev. Bernard G.
NebraskaHanford, Rev. Samuel I.
I99
ColoradoHatch, L. G.Loud, Harriet
KansasCrosby, Warren M. Gray, A. D.Harrington, Rev. M. O. Hayes, Rev. Francis L. Perine, Mrs. Mary E. Smith, Mrs. Mary S.
I Thayer, Rev. Henry E.
WashingtonEells, Edwin, Jr.Teel, Marie Arvilla
! Teel, Mary Arvilla Webster j Wickware, Cabot W.
Wickware, Mrs. Alice P.
! Californiaj Scudder, Rev. William H. 1 Smith, L. N.