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America in the Post 9-11 EraAmerica in the Post 9-11 EraSeptember 11, 2001The War on TerrorAfghanistanRights in a Nation during a time of CrisisIraqRecession of 2008Looking ForwardNews Coverage of the AttackNBC Coverage of the Attack

Whos ResponsibleAl-QaedaInternational terrorist organizationFounder - Osama Bin LadenUsing Afghanistan as a base for operations

Why?Ideology of Al-QaedaBelieve that the U.S. and western nations must leave Islamic regions of the worldOpposed to democracyAdvocate Sharia law Laws based on the Quaran

Bin Laden once said: "You are the worst civilization witnessed by the history of mankind: You are the nation who, rather than ruling by the Sharia of Allah in its Constitution and Laws, choose to invent your own laws as you will and desire. You separate religion from your policies, contradicting the pure nature which affirms Absolute Authority to the Lord and your Creator."America in the Post 9-11 EraSeptember 11, 2001The War on TerrorAfghanistanRights in a Nation during a time of CrisisIraqRecession of 2008Looking ForwardAfghanistan

The War in AfghanistanThe reason we invadedIslamic government of Afghanistan (the Taliban) was harboring Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda.

President Bush made the following demands of the Taliban:deliver al-Qaeda leaders located in Afghanistan to the United States authorities close terrorist training camps in Afghanistan and "hand over every terrorist and every person and their support structure to appropriate authorities" give the United States full access to terrorist training camps to verify their closureThe Taliban refused October of 2001 CIA operatives and U.S. Army Special Forces within Afghanistan helped local militants defeat the Taliban government.

Goals of the U.S.Capture or kill Osama Bin LadenDestroy Al-QaedaRemove the Taliban from powerSet up a democratically elected Government in Afghanistan

Mountains of Afghanistan

America in the Post 9-11 EraSeptember 11, 2001The War on TerrorAfghanistanRights in a Nation during a time of CrisisIraqRecession of 2008Looking ForwardRights in a Nation During Times of CrisisCrisisActEffectQuasi-WarAlien and Sedition ActAllowed Government to deport non citizens and imprison people who spoke out against the government.Civil WarSuspension of Writ of Habeas Corpus Allowed the government to arrest citizens without charge who they suspect of treason or subversion.World War IEspionage ActAllowed the government to ban any publication that could be of use to the enemy. This included subversive speech about the United States.World War IIExecutive Order 9066Government could remove citizens from areas deemed exclusion zones.Patriot ActSigned into law on Oct. 26, 2001.It allows:The government to wiretap any communication from people suspected of association with terrorist without a warrant.Access internet communications of any individual that has information relevant to an ongoing criminal investigationNon-citizens may be held indefinitely by the Attorney General if they are deemed a threat to national security.

Critics argue that the Patriot Act allows the government to illegally spy on its citizens and unconstitutional detain foreign suspects.Supporters argue that the act provides the government with the tools necessary to fight the war on terror.

Air Port SecurityThere have been five attempts since 9-11 by terrorist to attack airlines.Reactions Increased securityX-ray scanners Take x-ray images of persons selected for screening. Imaging penetrates clothing to reveal possible hidden weapons and devices.Enhanced pat-down procedures The new procedures involve using the front of the hand to search for concealed items and more detailed tactile inspection of areas higher on the thigh and in the groin area. The procedures routinely involve touching of buttocks and genitals (source: Congressional Research Services).

Critics argue that this constitutes an invasion of privacy.Supporters argue that flying is a choice, and that invasive screenings are the only way to guarantee flight safety.Drone StrikesThe U.S. has relied heavily on unmanned aerial drones to detect, track, and kill terrorists.September 30, 2011 a drone killed U.S. citizen Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen.Awlaki was tied to three al-Qaeda terrorist plot.

Critics argue that the drone strike violated Awlaki due process of law. Supporters argue that Awlaki was beyond apprehension because of his location and the U.S. has an obligation to kill terrorists.Guantanamo Bay660 al-Qaeda and Taliban suspects have been sent to Guantanamo Bay Cuba.Since they are not U.S. citizens nor in U.S. territory they are not guaranteed due process of law.The U.S. considers them enemy combatants, and can therefore detain them until conflict with al-Qaeda and the Taliban is over.

Critics argue that this detention violates the U.S. constitution and international treaties.Supports argue that those detained pose a real threat to the U.S.Safety vs. Civil Liberties in the Post 9-11 EraWhat is acceptable in the post 9-11 era to keep people safe?What is going to far?For More InformationLinkAmerica in the Post 9-11 EraSeptember 11, 2001The War on TerrorAfghanistanRights in a Nation during a time of CrisisIraqRecession of 2008Looking ForwardIraq

The War in IraqIn early 2003 tensions began to build between the United States and Iraq.Intelligence indicated that the Iraqi government was constructing Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMDs)Nuclear BombsChemical/Biological WeaponsThe UN sent weapons inspectors into the Iraq and found no evidence of WMDs.The U.S., still feeling that a threat was imminent to itself and its allies issued an ultimatum to the leader of the Iraqi government that they must surrender and face possible prosecution for war crimes.

Goals of the U.S.Remove Saddam Hussein from powerCapture all WMDs and end WMD programsSet up a democratically elected government in Iraq

The leader of Iraq, President Saddam Hussein, refused to give in to U.S. demands.On March 20, 2003 the U.S. led a coalition in the invasion of Iraq.The initial invasion went well with limited casualties and Saddam Husseins government was removed from power.

Saddam Hussein was eventually captured and executed by the Iraqi people.The U.S. began an effort to set up a democratically elected government in Iraq.Soon religious tensions between the Sunni and Shia populations of Iraq boiled over into a civil war.

As a civil war began between the Iraqi people over who would control the new government members of Al-Qaeda also entered Iraq.The U.S. found itself in a position of peace keeper while each side attempted to undermine their opponents position.The enemy often fought using the methods of Guerrilla Warfare, including snipers and bombings.

Road side bombs have been a major cause of U.S. fatalities in Iraq

The red section indicates the Surge. President Bush sent thousands of additional troops into Iraq to help stabilize the country and provide the Iraqi government with the opportunity to fix problems politically.The Surge is believed to have worked. Violence in Iraq is at an all time low since the invasion.U.S. troops are planned to be completely withdrawn from Iraq by the end of 2011.

America in the Post 9-11 EraSeptember 11, 2001The War on TerrorAfghanistanRights in a Nation during a time of CrisisIraqRecession of 2008Looking ForwardThe Housing BubbleDuring the mid-2000s there was a housing boom in the country.Home prices rose rapidly and many Americans bought homes as investments.Normal rise in home value 3% annuallyIn some areas home prices rose over 15% annually

Sub-Prime LendingBanks began to loan people money to purchase a home even if they did not meet loan qualifications.Worst Case Scenario at this time Owners foreclose and bank repossess a home worth more than the original loan.

CollapsePeople began to foreclose on their homes in record numbers.Home prices began to plummet.Worst Case Scenario at this time Bank repossesses home that is worth less than the loanThe Great RecessionThe collapse of house had a ripple effect through the entire economy.Banks began to collapseLoans became difficult to acquireBusinesses closedGDP PlummetedStock Market fell over 50%Unemployment rose to 10%International Trade Fell (Recession became global)More people foreclosed on their homesInternational trade, 2000-2010

DJIA Great Recession vs Great Depression

Keynesian ResponseKeynesian EconomicsGovernments can ease recessionary periods by pumping money into the economyWays to do this:Fiscal PolicyMonetary Policy

Fiscal PolicyBanking Government loaned banks billions to keep them from collapsingIndustrial Stimulus Loaned money to auto and energy industryEconomic Stimulus Provided over $800 billion in tax breaks, incentives, and grants.Government Stimulus Started Under Bushs Presidency

But Proved to have little effect

Dramatic increase in government stimulus under Obamas administration

Monetary PolicyLowered interest rates to record lowsCurrent rate is 3.8%Decrease the reserve ration: The amount of money that a bank has to keep and can not loan out.Why it WorksFiscal Policy Pumps money into the economyMonetary PolicyAllows money to be loaned at a reasonable rate and increases the money supplyMultiplier Effect takes overWhy it WorksMultiplier Effect is based on the reserve ration.Formula: D = A*(1/r)D Money added to the economyA Original amount depositedR Reserve Ratio

Problems with Keynesian Economics?The Government spends more to stimulate the economyRevenue from taxes drops because decreased wages for citizensThis leads tooProblems with Keynesian Economics?

Greater DebtCan lead to rapid inflation

National Debt as a percentage of GDP.

Check Up!Compare the following economics theories:

KeynesianSupply-Side

"Fear the Boom and Bust" a Hayek vs. Keynes Rap AnthemFight of the Century: Keynes vs. Hayek Round Two America in the Post 9-11 EraSeptember 11, 2001The War on TerrorAfghanistanRights in a Nation during a time of CrisisIraqRecession of 2008Looking ForwardShift HappensLink