SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: Modeling to Evaluate Contribution of Oil and Gas

Emissions to Air Pollution

Thompson, T.M.1, Shepherd, D.2, Stacy, A.2, Barna, M.G.3, Schichtel, B.A.3

1. Colorado State University, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

2. National Park Service, Air Resources Division, 12795 W. Alameda Pkwy., Lakewood, CO, 80228, USA

3. National Park Service, Air Resources Division, Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

Section A: Oil and Gas Emissions Included & Excluded from this Study

This document provides additional information regarding the sources, locations and total

amounts of oil and gas related emissions as reported in the 2011 Three-State Air Quality Study

(3SAQS) Emissions Inventories (UNC and ENVIRON, 2014).

Emissions Inventory Sectors

In order to facilitate the processing of emissions, inventories are broken up into source sectors.

The source sectors in the full 2011 3SAQS EI are introduced in detail in the Intermountain West

Data Warehouse (IWDW) Final Modeling Protocol (UNC and ENVIRON, 2014). Many of these

inventories are taken directly from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), developed by the US

EPA (US EPA, 2015). Of interest to this study are the following source sectors: arog (area oil

and gas from IWDW), ptog (point oil and gas from IWDW), usarog (area oil and gas from the

NEI), usptog (point oil and gas from the 2011 NEI). The emissions in these four sectors, and

only the emissions in these four sectors, were removed for the zero-out run. Therefore the

impacts of emissions from these sectors only were estimated in this study. The four oil and gas

inventories include in total: 950,760 tons of CO, 1,232,588 tons of NOx, 2,537,500 tons of

VOCs, and 83,214 tons of SO2, all annual totals. Table A1 presents these O&G emissions by

state.

Table A1. Total Annual Emissions of Oil and Gas Production activity by State (tons/year), the

impacts of which were evaluated by the study.

State CO NOx VOC SO2

Alabama 18512 24431 23301 20243Arizona 331 1489 155 10Arkansas 10226 20474 9319 280California 6080 8806 18244 1591Colorado 42997 56279 216191 590Connecticut 56 291 43 2Florida 1170 5371 3599 873Georgia 1965 7046 614 1Idaho 423 1351 39 5Illinois 16737 28573 28255 490Indiana 10243 16371 10194 91Iowa 1666 9523 351 7Kansas 87120 92271 97011 211Kentucky 35766 36880 33438 1468Louisiana 72132 87158 123229 1075Maine 93 64 51 3Maryland 706 1342 276 1Massachusetts 23 53 4 5Michigan 28480 33151 29539 456Minnesota 540 2808 86 81Mississippi 7914 26422 27536 5535Missouri 1243 7228 392 5Montana 16759 13806 35482 186Nebraska 2118 4654 2762 6Nevada 122 189 486 14New Jersey 198 407 86 4New Mexico 50071 71862 148916 13525New York 1768 2112 8621 102North Carolina 1440 3002 513 2North Dakota 4741 8408 96955 2106Offshore to EEZ 82146 74286 60823 1021Ohio 1334 8057 10588 340Oklahoma 142706 143686 243473 978Oregon 477 925 125 16Pennsylvania 37696 48160 19656 1983Rhode Island 29 25 16 1South Carolina 326 1543 173 15South Dakota 588 820 1458 23Tennessee 3292 7678 2989 6

Texas 176687 267050 978752 18516Tribal Data 1477 3751 146 4Utah 12858 19366 128163 233Virginia 13310 13420 6923 20Washington 301 467 31 16West Virginia 37630 44342 45794 2642Wisconsin 74 601 24 1Wyoming 18190 26587 122675 8432Grand Total 950760 1232588 2537499 83214

Table A2. Annual Emissions of Oil and Gas Production activity by State (tons/year), percent of

total emissions (all sectors).

State CO NOx VOC SO2Alabama 1.7% 7.4% 0.9% 8.2%Arizona 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 0.0%Arkansas 1.1% 9.5% 0.4% 0.3%California 0.2% 1.2% 1.0% 4.4%Colorado 4.2% 20.6% 29.3% 1.1%Connecticut 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0%Florida 0.0% 0.9% 0.1% 0.5%Georgia 0.1% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0%Idaho 0.0% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0%Illinois 1.0% 5.6% 3.3% 0.2%Indiana 0.7% 3.9% 1.7% 0.0%Iowa 0.2% 4.1% 0.1% 0.0%Kansas 8.2% 26.9% 12.9% 0.4%Kentucky 3.8% 12.0% 3.1% 0.5%Louisiana 4.5% 16.4% 4.8% 0.5%Maine 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0%Maryland 0.1% 0.8% 0.1% 0.0%Massachusetts 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%Michigan 1.3% 7.2% 3.0% 0.2%Minnesota 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.1%Mississippi 1.0% 14.0% 1.1% 9.3%Missouri 0.1% 1.9% 0.0% 0.0%Montana 2.2% 10.5% 6.4% 0.7%Nebraska 0.5% 2.1% 0.9% 0.0%Nevada 0.0% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%New Jersey 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%New Mexico 5.3% 31.6% 14.7% 49.2%

New York 0.1% 0.5% 1.0% 0.1%North Carolina 0.1% 0.7% 0.0% 0.0%North Dakota 1.7% 5.6% 32.3% 2.0%Offshore to EEZ 39.0% 6.7% 64.0% 0.5%Ohio 0.1% 1.4% 1.3% 0.0%Oklahoma 9.6% 32.5% 11.4% 0.8%Oregon 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 0.1%Pennsylvania 1.8% 8.5% 2.0% 0.5%RhodeIsland 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%South Carolina 0.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0%South Dakota 0.2% 1.0% 0.6% 0.2%Tennessee 0.3% 2.6% 0.2% 0.0%Texas 3.7% 19.5% 12.0% 3.4%Tribal Data 18.3% 5.4% 11.5% 0.0%Utah 2.3% 10.5% 26.7% 0.9%Virginia 1.0% 4.2% 0.5% 0.0%Washington 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.1%West Virginia 8.9% 25.6% 6.6% 2.1%Wisconsin 0.0% 0.2% 0.0% 0.0%Wyoming 2.8% 12.7% 26.7% 10.4%

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes are used by the Federal

government to identify business types for the purpose of collecting and analyzing business data

(US Census Bureau, 2015). NAICS codes are included in point source emissions inventory data

and are one tool that can be used to identify point source oil and gas emissions from inventories

(US EPA, 2015). Table A2 presents the list of NAICS codes associated with oil and gas

development according to the US EPA NEI 2011 (US EPA, 2015).

Table A3. North American Industry Classification System codes associated with Oil and Gas

Production activities.

NAICS NAICS Description

2111 "Oil and Gas Extraction"2212 "Natural Gas Distribution"4862 "Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas"

21111 "Oil and Gas Extraction"22121 "Natural Gas Distribution"48611 "Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil"48621 "Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas"211111 "Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction"211112 "Natural Gas Liquid Extraction "213111 "Drilling Oil and Gas Wells"213112 "Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations"221210 "Natural Gas Distribution"486110 "Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil"486210 "Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas"

In addition to the sectors associated with oil and gas, the 2011 3SAQS inventory also includes

two additional U.S. point source sectors: ptcem (emissions from facilities with continuous

emissions monitoring data, mostly electricity generating units), and ptncem (emissions from

facilities without continuous emissions monitoring data). Emissions totals were calculated by

NAICS from ptcem and ptncem sources. Table A3 shows point source emissions totals, by state,

from both the ptcem and ptncem sectors, for all the NAICS codes listed in Table A2 and

recognized as being associated with oil and gas production. Table A3 totals an additional 7,624

tons of CO, 13,181 tons of NOx, 6,967 tons of VOCs, and 5,170 tons of SO2 that, according to

the NAICS codes, are from oil and gas production activities, but are in the ptcem and ptncem

inventories and therefore were NOT removed in the zero-out run. Therefore, the impacts

presented in this study are a lower bound of the true impacts of all emissions associated with oil

and gas production.

Table A4. Total Annual Point Source Emissions by State (tons/year), with NAICS codes

associated with Oil and Gas Production, the impacts of which were NOT evaluated by the study.

State CO NOx VOC SO2 Alabama 1 2 203 0 Alaska 1356 789 186 35 Arkansas 1174 3194 246 0 California 382 126 391 3 Colorado 110 72 13 0 Connecticut 0 1 0 0 Georgia 44 30 10 0 Illinois 265 484 524 1 Indiana 0 0 46 0

Kansas 5 1 314 5 Kentucky 0 0 14 0 Louisiana 216 578 879 3 Maryland 5 10 0 0 Massachusetts 143 247 64 4 Michigan 171 874 85 2 Minnesota 13 70 45 1 Mississippi 467 274 222 42 Montana 103 11 140 0 Nebraska 1 2 27 0 Nevada 18 112 13 5 New Mexico 105 64 5 7 New York 63 277 11 6 North Carolina 160 45 32 1 North Dakota 1924 3521 422 5047 Ohio 193 1193 126 1 Oklahoma 35 48 1836 0 Pennsylvania 232 741 205 1 Tennessee 106 173 11 0 Texas 206 180 694 3 Virginia 125 59 1 0 Wisconsin 2 2 178 0 Wyoming 0 0 25 0Grand Total 7624 13181 6967 5170

Section B: Modeling to Evaluate Contribution of Oil and Gas Emissions to Air Pollution,

Additional Results in the 12km Modeling Domain

This section presents additional maps, charts and tables showing results of the modeling analysis

done to evaluate the potential impacts of emissions associated with upstream Oil & Gas (O&G)

activity on air quality metrics in the 12km modeling domain in the western U.S.

Nitrogen Deposition and Critical Load

Figure B1 shows the total nitrogen deposition (kg N/yr/ha) according to the 2011 modeling

platform. Total nitrogen deposition as shown in Figure B1 includes both wet and dry deposition

of all model nitrogen species.

The critical load for deposition of a specific pollutant in a specific location is defined as the

amount of that pollutant that can be absorbed without causing detrimental changes to that

ecosystem. Critical loads have been estimated for the level 1 Eco-Regions of the U.S. (Pardo et

al., 2011). Eco-Regions are shown in Figure B2, and the most conservative critical loads for each

region are shown in Figure B3.

Figure B4 shows the excess nitrogen deposition, defined here as the total nitrogen deposition (as

shown in Fig. B1 with units of kg N/yr/ha) according to the 2011 3SAQS modeling platform,

minus the most conservative critical load values available for each US eco-region (shown in

Figure B3). A positive excess nitrogen value means that the modeled total nitrogen deposition is

above the critical load and therefore detrimental changes may already be occurring in these

areas. If the excess nitrogen value is negative, that means that modeled total nitrogen deposition

is below the critical load. Figure B5 shows the modeled contribution of upstream O&G

emissions to total nitrogen deposition.

Nitrogen Deposition(kg N/ha/yr)

Figure B1. Modeled total nitrogen deposition (kg N/yr/ha) in 2011 in the western U.S. National

Parks and Class 1 areas are outlined in black.

Figure B2. Eco-Regions in the western U.S. National Parks and Class 1 areas are outlined in

black.

Figure B3. Most conservative critical load for Eco-Regions in the western U.S. National Parks

and class 1 areas are outlined in black.

Figure B4. Excess Nitrogen (kg N/ha/yr) defined as the Total Modeled Nitrogen deposition –

Critical Load Value, calculated using the most conservative critical load value for each eco-

region. A positive excess nitrogen value means that the modeled total nitrogen deposition is

above the critical load and a negative value means that modeled total nitrogen deposition is

below the critical load. National Parks and Class I areas are outlined in black.

Figure B5. Modeled contribution of emissions associated with upstream O&G activity to total

Nitrogen deposition in kg N/ha/year. National Parks and Class 1 areas are outlined in black.

Daily Maximum 8-hr Ozone Concentrations

Figure B6 shows the modeled 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. Added to this

map are the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentrations as measured at monitor

stations in the western U.S. The measurements suggest that the model captures the spatial

patterns of the ozone metric. Figures B7 – B10 show the average contribution of emissions

associated with upstream O&G activity to the daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration on days

when the daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentrations are above 60, 65, 70 and 75 ppb

respectively.

Figure B6. Modeled 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration (ppb) in 2011 in the

western U.S. with measurements shown in the circles. National Parks and Class 1 areas are

outlined in black.

Figure B7. Modeled average contribution of upstream oil and gas activity to daily maximum 8-

hr ozone on all days when modeled daily maximum 8-hr ozone is greater than 60 ppb.

4th Highest Daily Maximum 8-hr Ozone (ppb)

Avg. Contribution of O&G to Daily Max 8-hr O3

Days > 60 ppb

Figure B8. Modeled average contribution of upstream oil and gas activity to daily maximum 8-

hr ozone on all days when modeled daily maximum 8-hr ozone is greater than 65 ppb.

Figure B9. Modeled average contribution of upstream oil and gas activity to daily maximum 8-

hr ozone on all days when modeled daily maximum 8-hr ozone is greater than 70 ppb.

Avg. Contribution of O&G to Daily Max 8-hr O3

Days > 70 ppb

Avg. Contribution of O&G to Daily Max 8-hr O3

Days > 65 ppb

Figure B10. Modeled average contribution of upstream oil and gas activity to daily maximum 8-

hr ozone on all days when modeled daily maximum 8-hr ozone is greater than 75 ppb.

Appendix C: Modeling to Evaluate Contribution of Oil and Gas Emissions to Air Pollution,

Additional Results in the National Parks and Class I Areas

This document presents tables showing results of the modeling analysis done to evaluate the

potential impacts of emissions associated with upstream Oil & Gas (O&G) activity on air quality

metrics in National Parks and Class I areas in the western U.S.

Nitrogen Deposition

Tables C1&C2 show the total nitrogen deposition (kg N/yr/ha) according to the 2011 Three-State

Air Quality Study modeling platform for all National Parks and Class I areas respectively. Also

shown in Tables C1&C2 is the modeled total nitrogen deposition without emissions associated

with upstream O&G activity. Total nitrogen deposition as reported in Tables C1&C2 include

both wet and dry deposition of all model nitrogen species. The critical load for deposition of a

specific pollutant in a specific location is defined as the amount of that pollutant that can be

Avg. Contribution of O&G to Daily Max 8-hr O3

Days > 75 ppb

absorbed without causing detrimental changes to that ecosystem. The most conservation critical

for each National Park and Class I area are reported in Tables C1&C2 respectively.

Table C1. Modeled total Nitrogen deposition in kg N/ha/year with and without emissions

associated with upstream O&G activity in grid cell in each National Park with maximum

contribution. Most conservative critical load value for each National Park.

State Name

Base Ndep

(kg N/ha/yr

)

No O&G Nde

p

Max

Diff

% of Base Total

Most Conservative CL value

NM Aztec Ruins 5.79 3.881.91

32.9% 3

NE Homestead 12.3010.9

51.35

11.0% 5

OK Washita Battlefield 5.63 4.750.88

15.6% 5

OK Chickasaw 10.31 9.450.86 8.4% 5

AR Fort Smith 24.2223.3

60.86 3.5% 3

TX Big Thicket 7.72 6.950.77 9.9% 3

TX San Antonio Missions 20.3119.5

80.74 3.6% 5

TX Lake Meredith 7.07 6.440.63 8.9% 5

KS Brown v. Board of Education 15.5614.9

40.62 4.0% 5

TX Alibates Flint Quarries 8.14 7.530.61 7.4% 5

KS Fort Larned 8.63 8.070.56 6.5% 5

MO Harry S Truman 17.6817.1

30.56 3.2% 5

ARPresident William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home 13.88

13.35

0.53 3.8% 3

KS Tallgrass Prairie 8.38 7.850.53 6.3% 5

CO Dinosaur 1.92 1.410.51

26.4% 3

AR Buffalo 10.04 9.54 0.5 5.0% 3

0

CO Sand Creek Massacre 5.42 4.930.49 9.0% 5

CO Mesa Verde NP 2.79 2.330.46

16.6% 3

KS Fort Scott 11.2810.8

20.46 4.1% 5

NM Carlsbad Caverns NP 2.62 2.170.44

16.9% 3

AR Pea Ridge 17.3216.8

80.44 2.5% 3

TX Amistad 6.79 6.390.40 5.8% 3

TX Lyndon B. Johnson 7.59 7.200.39 5.1% 5

UT Hovenweep 2.35 1.970.38

16.1% 3

MO Wilson's Creek 12.2311.8

60.37 3.1% 3

KS Nicodemus 6.21 5.850.36 5.8% 5

MO George Washington Carver 15.4315.0

70.36 2.3% 3

NM Pecos Wilderness 3.23 2.890.35

10.7% 2

CO Yucca House 2.66 2.330.33

12.3% 3

NM Chaco Culture 2.53 2.210.32

12.6% 3

NM Capulin Volcano 2.29 1.990.29

12.9% 5

CO Rocky Mountain 3.59 3.290.29 8.2% 2

CO Bent's Old Fort 3.86 3.570.29 7.5% 5

NM Bandelier 3.30 3.020.28 8.3% 3

CO Great Sand Dunes 2.64 2.370.27

10.1% 2

NM Fort Union 2.29 2.030.26

11.3% 5

TX Guadalupe Mountains 3.38 3.150.23 6.8% 3

CO Colorado 5.07 4.84 0.2 4.4% 3

2

MN Mississippi 25.6225.4

20.20 0.8% 3

TX Fort Davis 2.76 2.580.19 6.8% 3

NM Petroglyph 3.52 3.340.18 5.2% 3

NE Agate Fossil Beds 4.18 4.000.18 4.3% 5

CO Curecanti 2.63 2.450.18 6.8% 2

SD Missouri 13.7713.5

90.18 1.3% 5

SD Wind Cave 4.34 4.160.18 4.1% 2

NE Lewis and Clark 6.93 6.750.17 2.5% 5

NM Salinas Pueblo Missions 1.98 1.810.17 8.6% 5

NE Scotts Bluff 6.93 6.760.17 2.5% 5

CO Black Canyon of the Gunnison 2.47 2.300.17 6.8% 3

SD Badlands 4.51 4.350.16 3.6% 5

NE Niobrara 7.26 7.100.16 2.3% 5

WY Fort Laramie 5.10 4.940.16 3.1% 5

TX Big Bend 2.38 2.220.16 6.7% 3

WI Saint Croix 9.84 9.690.16 1.6% 3

SD Jewel Cave 3.36 3.200.15 4.6% 2

UT Canyonlands 1.75 1.600.15 8.6% 3

CO Florissant Fossil Beds 2.40 2.250.15 6.1% 2

UT Arches 1.90 1.760.14 7.6% 3

WY Devils Tower 2.86 2.710.14 5.0% 2

ND Theodore Roosevelt 5.41 5.27 0.1 2.6% 5

4

SD Mount Rushmore 3.50 3.370.13 3.8% 2

UT Glen Canyon 1.48 1.350.13 8.9% 3

UT Natural Bridges 1.61 1.500.12 7.3% 3

ND Fort Union Trading Post 3.89 3.770.11 2.9% 5

SD Minuteman Missile 4.42 4.310.11 2.5% 5

CA Santa Monica Mountains 24.9224.8

10.11 0.4% 3

MN Pipestone 14.8714.7

60.11 0.7% 5

TX Chamizal 7.06 6.960.10 1.4% 3

NM El Malpais 2.67 2.570.10 3.8% 3

NV Lake Mead 3.37 3.280.09 2.7% 3

NM White Sands 2.00 1.910.09 4.5% 3

AZ Wupatki 1.89 1.810.09 4.6% 3

WY Fossil Butte 2.39 2.300.09 3.6% 3

0 Nez Perce 2.99 2.910.08 2.8% 5

CA San Rafael Wilderness 5.99 5.900.08 1.4% 3

AZ Canyon de Chelly 2.63 2.540.08 3.2% 4

MN Voyageurs NP 4.43 4.350.08 1.8% 3

NM El Morro 2.43 2.350.08 3.1% 3

MT Bighorn Canyon 2.69 2.620.07 2.7% 3

AZ Hubbell Trading Post 1.95 1.880.07 3.6% 3

AZ Chiricahua Wilderness 4.96 4.890.07 1.4% 0

MT Little Bighorn Battlefield 2.75 2.68 0.0 2.5% 5

7

AZ Grand Canyon 2.90 2.830.06 2.2% 3

AZ Navajo 1.75 1.690.06 3.6% 3

AZ Coronado 4.50 4.440.06 1.4% 0

AZ Petrified Forest NP 2.24 2.170.06 2.7% 3

ND Knife River Indian Villages 5.79 5.730.06 1.0% 5

AZ Tonto 5.39 5.330.06 1.1% 4

WY Grand Teton 5.36 5.300.06 1.1% 2

AZ Sunset Crater Volcano 2.51 2.460.06 2.2% 3

UT Rainbow Bridge 1.72 1.660.06 3.2% 3

NM Gila Cliff Dwellings 2.66 2.610.05 2.0% 4

CA Channel Islands 5.25 5.190.05 1.0% 0

AZ Walnut Canyon 3.09 3.040.05 1.7% 4

AZ Montezuma Castle 4.59 4.540.05 1.1% 4

UT Capitol Reef 1.42 1.380.05 3.3% 3

AZ Fort Bowie 2.62 2.580.05 1.8% 0

AZ Tuzigoot 3.84 3.800.05 1.2% 4

AZ Saguaro 4.26 4.220.04 1.0% 3

WY Washakie Wilderness 2.22 2.180.04 1.9% 3

CA San Gabriel Wilderness 15.3315.2

90.04 0.3% 3

WY Yellowstone NP 4.25 4.210.04 0.9% 2

AZ Tumacacori 4.16 4.120.04 0.9% 0

CA Mojave 3.01 2.97 0.0 1.2% 3

4

CA Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity 5.21 5.170.03 0.7% 3

UT Bryce Canyon 1.86 1.830.03 1.8% 3

UT Timpanogos Cave 4.32 4.280.03 0.8% 2

WY John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 3.63 3.600.03 0.8% 2

UT Zion 1.84 1.810.03 1.7% 3

AZ Pipe Spring 1.58 1.550.03 1.8% 3

UT Cedar Breaks 2.19 2.160.03 1.2% 2

AZ Organ Pipe Cactus 2.17 2.140.03 1.2% 3

CA Eugene O'Neill 15.8915.8

60.03 0.2% 3

ID Craters of the Moon 7.31 7.290.02 0.3% 3

CA Cabrillo 11.9711.9

40.02 0.2% 0

CA Joshua Tree 6.83 6.810.02 0.3% 3

CA Lassen Volcanic 3.11 3.090.02 0.6% 2

UT Golden Spike 2.91 2.890.02 0.7% 3

AZ Casa Grande Ruins 6.62 6.600.02 0.3% 3

CA John Muir 11.0811.0

60.02 0.2% 3

CA Death Valley 3.43 3.410.02 0.5% 3

AZ Hohokam Pima 11.6911.6

70.02 0.1% 3

NV Great Basin 1.62 1.600.02 0.9% 3

ID Hagerman Fossil Beds 11.3011.2

90.01 0.1% 3

MT Glacier NP 2.91 2.890.01 0.5% 2

CA Pinnacles 5.33 5.32 0.0 0.2% 3

1

CA Sequoia / Kings Canyon 9.26 9.240.01 0.1% 3

CA Golden Gate 6.58 6.560.01 0.2% 0

CA Caribou Wilderness 2.58 2.560.01 0.4% 2

CA Point Reyes 4.27 4.260.01 0.2% 0

CA Yosemite 4.36 4.350.01 0.2% 2

CA Muir Woods 7.39 7.380.01 0.1% 0

CA Desolation Wilderness 3.43 3.420.01 0.3% 2

WA Whitman Mission 4.70 4.690.01 0.2% 3

CA Lava Beds 1.65 1.640.01 0.5% 2

WA Fort Vancouver 9.77 9.760.01 0.1% 3

OR McLoughlin House 9.77 9.760.01 0.1% 3

MT Grant-Kohrs Ranch 3.25 3.250.01 0.2% 2

ID City of Rocks 2.26 2.250.01 0.3% 3

ID Minidoka 12.4812.4

80.01 0.1% 3

CA Devils Postpile 1.98 1.970.01 0.3% 2

WA North Cascades 3.72 3.710.01 0.2% 2

OR John Day Fossil Beds 2.13 2.130.01 0.3% 3

HI World War II Valor in the Pacific 3.02 3.020.01 0.2% 2

CA Manzanar 1.43 1.430.01 0.4% 3

OR Crater Lake 1.81 1.800.01 0.3% 2

MT Big Hole 1.89 1.880.00 0.3% 2

WA Lake Roosevelt 4.17 4.17 0.0 0.1% 3

0

OR Three Sisters Wilderness 1.56 1.550.00 0.3% 2

OR Oregon Caves 1.86 1.860.00 0.2% 2

CA Redwood 2.65 2.650.00 0.1% 2

WA Ross Lake 1.96 1.960.00 0.2% 2

WA Mount Rainier 5.03 5.030.00 0.1% 2

CARosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front 5.89 5.89

0.00 0.0% 0

CA Fort Point 5.90 5.900.00 0.0% 0

CA Presidio of San Francisco 5.90 5.900.00 0.0% 0

CA San Francisco Maritime 5.90 5.900.00 0.0% 0

OR Lewis and Clark 3.71 3.710.00 0.0% 3

WA Olympic 2.84 2.840.00 0.1% 3

WA Lake Chelan 1.62 1.610.00 0.1% 2

WA San Juan Island 4.21 4.210.00 0.0% 0

WA Ebey's Landing 4.81 4.810.00 0.0% 0

Table C2. Modeled total Nitrogen deposition in kg N/ha/year with and without emissions

associated with upstream O&G activity in grid cell in each Class I areas with maximum

contribution. Most conservative critical load value for each Class I Area.

State NameBase

Ndep (kg N/ha/yr)

No O&G Ndep

Max Diff

% of Base Total

Most Conservative CL value

AR Caney Creek Wilderness 11.08 10.46 0.62 5.6% 3CO Weminuche Wilderness 2.53 2.00 0.53 20.8% 2CO Flat Tops Wilderness 2.86 2.36 0.51 17.7% 2AR Upper Buffalo Wilderness 10.04 9.54 0.50 5.0% 3

NM San Pedro Parks Wilderness 2.71 2.27 0.44 16.1% 2CO Mount Zirkel Wilderness 3.33 3.01 0.32 9.7% 2NM Wheeler Peak Wilderness 2.35 2.03 0.32 13.5% 2CO Eagles Nest Wilderness 2.69 2.41 0.28 10.4% 2

COMaroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness 2.10 1.83 0.27 12.9% 2

CO Rawah Wilderness 2.85 2.61 0.24 8.5% 2CO La Garita Wilderness 2.23 1.99 0.24 10.8% 2CO West Elk Wilderness 3.16 2.95 0.20 6.4% 2WY Bridger Wilderness 3.01 2.84 0.17 5.6% 3NM White Mountain Wilderness 2.43 2.30 0.13 5.4% 4WY Fitzpatrick Wilderness 2.37 2.28 0.09 3.7% 2NM Gila Wilderness 3.19 3.10 0.08 2.6% 4ND Lostwood Wilderness 4.43 4.35 0.08 1.8% 3MT Medicine Lake Wilderness 4.43 4.35 0.08 1.8% 3AZ Mount Baldy Wilderness 3.10 3.03 0.07 2.2% 4AZ Sycamore Canyon Wilderness 2.41 2.35 0.06 2.6% 4AZ Superstition Wilderness 4.95 4.89 0.06 1.2% 4AZ Galiuro Wilderness 3.09 3.03 0.06 1.9% 0AZ Mazatzal Wilderness 4.36 4.31 0.06 1.3% 4WY Teton Wilderness 5.36 5.30 0.06 1.1% 2AZ Sierra Ancha Wilderness 3.91 3.86 0.05 1.4% 4Az Pine Mountain Wilderness 3.44 3.39 0.04 1.3% 4WY North Absaroka Wilderness 2.94 2.90 0.04 1.2% 3CA Cucamonga Wilderness 12.50 12.47 0.03 0.3% 3CA San Gorgonio Wilderness 10.47 10.44 0.03 0.3% 3CA San Jacinto Wilderness 10.47 10.44 0.03 0.3% 3CA Agua Tibia Wilderness 12.53 12.51 0.02 0.2% 3CA Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness 1.98 1.97 0.02 0.9% 3CA Thousand Lakes Wilderness 2.99 2.97 0.02 0.6% 2MT Bob Marshall Wilderness 2.77 2.76 0.02 0.6% 2OR Mount Hood Wilderness 4.91 4.89 0.01 0.3% 2

MTGates of the Mountains Wilderness 2.00 1.99 0.01 0.6% 2

CA Domeland Wilderness 6.44 6.43 0.01 0.2% 3MT Scapegoat Wilderness 2.25 2.24 0.01 0.5% 2CA Kings Canyon NP 9.26 9.24 0.01 0.1% 3CA Sequoia NP 9.26 9.24 0.01 0.1% 3CA Mokelumne Wilderness 3.43 3.42 0.01 0.3% 2CA Ventana Wilderness 3.09 3.08 0.01 0.3% 3CA Emigrant Wilderness 3.32 3.31 0.01 0.3% 2OR Eagle Cap Wilderness 2.56 2.55 0.01 0.4% 2OR Gearhart Mountain Wilderness 2.28 2.27 0.01 0.4% 2

MT Cabinet Mountains Wilderness 3.16 3.15 0.01 0.3% 2CA Kaiser Wilderness 3.65 3.65 0.01 0.2% 3

ID-OR Hells Canyon Wilderness 2.27 2.26 0.01 0.4% 2MT-ID Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 3.64 3.64 0.01 0.2% 2

CA Ansel Adams Wilderness 2.58 2.57 0.01 0.3% 2ID Sawtooth Wilderness 1.87 1.86 0.01 0.4% 2

MT Mission Mountains Wilderness 2.72 2.71 0.01 0.3% 2CA South Warner Wilderness 1.64 1.63 0.01 0.5% 2NV Jarbridge Wilderness 1.47 1.46 0.01 0.5% 3MT Anaconda Pintler Wilderness 2.45 2.45 0.01 0.3% 2CA Hoover Wilderness 1.82 1.82 0.01 0.3% 2CA Marble Mountain Wilderness 1.36 1.35 0.01 0.4% 2OR Mountain Lakes Wilderness 2.13 2.13 0.01 0.3% 2OR Strawberry Mountain Wilderness 1.85 1.85 0.00 0.3% 2OR Mount Jefferson Wilderness 2.89 2.88 0.00 0.2% 2OR Diamond Peak Wilderness 2.00 2.00 0.00 0.2% 2WA Mount Adams Wilderness 2.15 2.15 0.00 0.2% 2OR Kalmiopsis Wilderness 3.13 3.13 0.00 0.1% 2OR Mount Washington Wilderness 2.25 2.25 0.00 0.1% 2WA Pasayten Wilderness 1.96 1.96 0.00 0.2% 2WA Goat Rocks Wilderness 2.16 2.16 0.00 0.1% 2WA Glacier Peak Wilderness 4.46 4.45 0.00 0.1% 2WA Alpine Lakes Wilderness 6.47 6.47 0.00 0.0% 2

Daily Maximum 8-hr Ozone Concentrations

Table C3 lists the modeled 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration for the model

base case, the scenario case without O&G emissions, and the difference for all National Parks in

the 12km domain. Table C6 presents the same daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration data for

all other Class I areas in the 12km domain.

Table C3. Modeled O&G Impacts on the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration (ppb) in 2011 in National Parks.

State Name

Base Case (ppb)

No Oil and Gas

(ppb)

Oil & Gas Contributio

n (ppb)

% of Base Case

OK Washita Battlefield 76.3 69.3 7.0 9.2%UT Hovenweep 78.0 71.4 6.6 8.5%

CO Dinosaur 73.6 67.2 6.4 8.7%KS Fort Larned 75.2 68.9 6.3 8.4%

MO Harry S Truman 88.9 83.3 5.6 6.3%KS Fort Scott 78.3 72.8 5.5 7.0%

NM Aztec Ruins 82.5 77.2 5.3 6.4%NM Pecos Wilderness 82.8 77.6 5.2 6.3%CO Colorado 73.3 68.2 5.2 7.1%CO Rocky Mountain 73.1 68.2 4.9 6.7%MO George Washington Carver 85.1 80.4 4.7 5.6%UT Arches 75.0 70.2 4.7 6.3%AR Pea Ridge 80.7 76.6 4.2 5.2%

AR President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home 77.4 73.6 3.8 5.0%

CO Bent's Old Fort 74.7 70.9 3.8 5.0%UT Glen Canyon 76.5 72.9 3.6 4.8%KS Tallgrass Prairie 77.3 73.7 3.6 4.7%SD Badlands 67.7 64.1 3.6 5.3%SD Minuteman Missile 67.7 64.1 3.6 5.3%CO Sand Creek Massacre 73.6 70.1 3.5 4.7%UT Canyonlands 73.9 70.5 3.4 4.6%TX Big Thicket 79.0 75.6 3.3 4.2%NE Agate Fossil Beds 71.5 68.2 3.3 4.6%SD Missouri 67.8 64.5 3.3 4.8%CO Great Sand Dunes 77.5 74.3 3.2 4.2%KS Brown v. Board of Education 82.1 79.1 3.1 3.8%

NM El Malpais 75.6 72.5 3.1 4.1%AR Fort Smith 79.4 76.4 3.1 3.9%SD Wind Cave 68.9 65.8 3.1 4.5%WY Fort Laramie 73.6 70.5 3.0 4.1%CO Mesa Verde NP 77.5 74.5 3.0 3.9%CO Black Canyon of the Gunnison 74.1 71.1 3.0 4.0%CO Curecanti 74.1 71.1 3.0 4.0%TX Lake Meredith 79.8 76.9 2.9 3.7%

MN Pipestone 67.3 64.4 2.9 4.3%MO Wilson's Creek 77.1 74.3 2.9 3.7%NM Carlsbad Caverns NP 76.3 73.4 2.9 3.8%AR Buffalo 75.0 72.1 2.9 3.8%MT Little Bighorn Battlefield 63.6 60.8 2.9 4.5%NE Scotts Bluff 72.9 70.1 2.8 3.8%NM Bandelier 83.6 80.8 2.8 3.3%NE Niobrara 67.3 64.6 2.8 4.1%KS Nicodemus 71.7 69.0 2.8 3.8%

MN Mississippi 73.8 71.1 2.7 3.7%

NM Petroglyph 79.6 76.9 2.7 3.4%AZ Tumacacori 74.3 71.6 2.7 3.6%AZ Fort Bowie 73.4 70.7 2.6 3.6%WI Saint Croix 80.2 77.7 2.6 3.2%NE Homestead 73.7 71.1 2.6 3.5%AZ Canyon de Chelly 76.2 73.7 2.6 3.4%AZ Chiricahua Wilderness 76.1 73.6 2.5 3.3%AZ Petrified Forest NP 76.2 73.7 2.5 3.3%AZ Coronado 73.9 71.5 2.5 3.4%TX Big Bend 74.3 71.8 2.4 3.3%TX San Antonio Missions 82.0 79.6 2.4 3.0%AZ Grand Canyon 74.7 72.3 2.4 3.2%UT Capitol Reef 72.7 70.3 2.4 3.3%AZ Navajo 75.9 73.5 2.4 3.1%CO Florissant Fossil Beds 75.0 72.6 2.4 3.1%NM Salinas Pueblo Missions 77.2 74.9 2.3 3.0%AZ Hubbell Trading Post 75.6 73.3 2.3 3.1%NE Lewis and Clark 81.4 79.1 2.3 2.8%NM White Sands 76.0 73.8 2.2 2.9%TX Fort Davis 74.2 72.0 2.2 3.0%TX Guadalupe Mountains 76.0 73.8 2.2 2.9%TX Chamizal 78.5 76.3 2.1 2.7%

NM Gila Cliff Dwellings 76.2 74.2 2.0 2.6%SD Jewel Cave 70.1 68.1 2.0 2.9%WY Devils Tower 70.7 68.7 2.0 2.8%ID Craters of the Moon 62.3 60.3 2.0 3.2%

NM Chaco Culture 78.0 76.1 2.0 2.5%SD Mount Rushmore 67.6 65.6 1.9 2.8%CO Yucca House 78.2 76.3 1.9 2.5%ID Minidoka 61.8 59.8 1.9 3.1%AZ Montezuma Castle 74.5 72.6 1.9 2.6%ND Theodore Roosevelt NP 59.9 58.0 1.9 3.2%AZ Sunset Crater Volcano 73.0 71.2 1.8 2.5%AZ Casa Grande Ruins 76.9 75.1 1.8 2.3%OK Chickasaw 80.0 78.2 1.8 2.2%UT Bryce Canyon 72.2 70.4 1.8 2.4%MN Voyageurs NP 61.2 59.4 1.7 2.8%AZ Wupatki 72.5 70.8 1.7 2.4%NV Lake Mead 71.2 69.4 1.7 2.4%WY Grand Teton 66.5 64.7 1.7 2.6%NM Fort Union 76.5 74.8 1.7 2.3%AZ Saguaro 75.5 73.8 1.7 2.2%ND Fort Union Trading Post 60.0 58.3 1.7 2.8%

AZ Tuzigoot 74.1 72.4 1.6 2.2%CA Death Valley 68.6 67.0 1.5 2.3%TX Amistad 87.0 85.6 1.5 1.7%UT Zion 70.0 68.6 1.4 2.0%AZ Pipe Spring 71.9 70.5 1.4 1.9%AZ Walnut Canyon 73.9 72.5 1.4 1.8%UT Rainbow Bridge 76.4 75.1 1.3 1.8%WY Washakie Wilderness 69.9 68.5 1.3 1.9%AZ Hohokam Pima 78.6 77.3 1.3 1.6%UT Timpanogos Cave 72.1 71.0 1.2 1.6%AZ Organ Pipe Cactus 69.1 68.0 1.1 1.6%UT Natural Bridges 75.2 74.1 1.1 1.5%MT Bighorn Canyon 63.0 61.9 1.1 1.8%ID City of Rocks 63.8 62.7 1.1 1.8%CA Joshua Tree 76.5 75.4 1.1 1.5%TX Alibates Flint Quarries 80.4 79.2 1.1 1.4%WY Yellowstone 65.6 64.5 1.1 1.6%CA Mojave 73.0 71.9 1.1 1.5%TX Lyndon B. Johnson 78.6 77.5 1.1 1.4%AZ Tonto 77.4 76.4 1.0 1.3%NV Great Basin 68.3 67.3 0.9 1.4%OR John Day Fossil Beds 60.3 59.4 0.9 1.5%WY Fossil Butte 68.7 67.8 0.9 1.3%CA San Gabriel Wilderness 128.4 127.6 0.8 0.6%CA San Rafael Wilderness 76.6 75.8 0.8 1.0%CA Lava Beds 62.1 61.3 0.8 1.3%WY John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 66.0 65.2 0.7 1.1%CA Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity 64.8 64.1 0.7 1.1%0 Nez Perce 60.2 59.6 0.6 1.0%

NM Capulin Volcano 76.7 76.1 0.6 0.8%ND Knife River Indian Villages 63.2 62.6 0.5 0.8%CA Caribou Wilderness 67.6 67.1 0.5 0.7%CA Lassen Volcanic 65.8 65.3 0.5 0.7%CA Yosemite 67.6 67.2 0.4 0.6%OR Crater Lake 61.5 61.1 0.4 0.6%CA Channel Islands 65.6 65.2 0.4 0.6%CA Sequoia / Kings Canyon 70.5 70.1 0.4 0.5%CA John Muir Wilderness 69.9 69.6 0.4 0.5%MT Glacier NP 63.4 63.0 0.4 0.6%CA Santa Monica Mountains 94.8 94.5 0.3 0.4%CA Desolation Wilderness 68.0 67.8 0.2 0.4%WA North Cascades 63.2 62.9 0.2 0.4%CA Golden Gate 58.1 57.9 0.2 0.4%

CA Pinnacles 71.8 71.6 0.2 0.3%CA Cabrillo 71.7 71.5 0.2 0.2%CA Fort Point 52.1 52.0 0.2 0.3%CA Presidio of San Francisco 52.1 52.0 0.2 0.3%CA San Francisco Maritime 52.1 52.0 0.2 0.3%CA Point Reyes 57.3 57.2 0.2 0.3%WA Lake Roosevelt 59.8 59.6 0.2 0.3%WA Mount Rainier 63.0 62.8 0.1 0.2%UT Cedar Breaks 73.8 73.6 0.1 0.2%OR Oregon Caves 62.0 61.9 0.1 0.2%OR Three Sisters Wilderness 57.4 57.3 0.1 0.2%CA Eugene O'Neill 61.4 61.2 0.1 0.2%ID Hagerman Fossil Beds 63.2 63.1 0.1 0.2%CA Redwood 54.1 54.0 0.1 0.2%WA Whitman Mission 60.3 60.2 0.1 0.1%UT Golden Spike 68.4 68.4 0.1 0.1%MT Big Hole 68.2 68.1 0.1 0.1%CA Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front 49.2 49.2 0.0 0.1%MT Grant-Kohrs Ranch 64.8 64.8 0.0 0.1%WA Ross Lake 63.2 63.2 0.0 0.1%WA Ebey's Landing 57.9 57.9 0.0 0.1%WA Olympic 57.7 57.7 0.0 0.1%OR Lewis and Clark 57.5 57.5 0.0 0.0%CA Manzanar 72.9 72.8 0.0 0.0%WA Lake Chelan 63.9 63.9 0.0 0.0%HI World War II Valor in the Pacific 61.6 61.6 0.0 0.0%CA Muir Woods 58.4 58.3 0.0 0.0%WA Fort Vancouver 58.9 58.9 0.0 0.0%OR McLoughlin House 58.9 58.9 0.0 0.0%NM El Morro 79.3 79.2 0.0 0.0%CA Devils Postpile 67.4 67.4 0.0 0.0%WA San Juan Island 52.6 52.6 0.0 0.0%

Table C4. Modeled O&G Impacts on the 4th highest daily maximum 8-hr ozone concentration (ppb) in 2011 in Class I areas.

State Name

Base Case (ppb)

No Oil and Gas

(ppb)

Oil & Gas Contribution (ppb)

% of Base Case

CO Weminuche Wilderness 81.3 74.9 6.4 7.9%CO Flat Tops Wilderness 72.2 66.4 5.7 8.0%

CO Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness 74.3 70.3 4.0 5.4%AR Caney Creek Wilderness 74.7 70.8 3.9 5.2%CO Mount Zirkel Wilderness 73.1 69.4 3.7 5.0%WY Bridger Wilderness 69.9 66.4 3.4 4.9%WY Fitzpatrick Wilderness 69.8 66.7 3.0 4.3%AR Upper Buffalo Wilderness 74.0 71.2 2.9 3.9%NM Gila Wilderness 75.5 72.9 2.6 3.5%NM White Mountain Wilderness 76.6 74.1 2.6 3.3%NM Wheeler Peak Wilderness 79.5 77.0 2.5 3.1%AZ Galiuro Wilderness 75.0 72.5 2.5 3.3%CO West Elk Wilderness 74.2 71.8 2.4 3.3%CO Eagles Nest Wilderness 72.1 69.7 2.4 3.3%CO Rawah Wilderness 72.5 70.4 2.1 2.9%AZ Sycamore Canyon Wilderness 73.4 71.3 2.1 2.9%CO La Garita Wilderness 78.0 75.9 2.1 2.7%OR Gearhart Mountain Wilderness 62.1 60.2 1.9 3.0%AZ Mazatzal Wilderness 77.1 75.3 1.8 2.4%

ID-OR Hells Canyon Wilderness 62.0 60.2 1.8 2.9%NM San Pedro Parks Wilderness 81.4 79.6 1.7 2.1%ND Lostwood Wilderness 61.2 59.4 1.7 2.8%MT Medicine Lake Wilderness 61.2 59.4 1.7 2.8%Az Pine Mountain Wilderness 75.4 73.7 1.7 2.3%AZ Superstition Wilderness 77.7 76.1 1.7 2.2%AZ Sierra Ancha Wilderness 77.8 76.1 1.7 2.1%OR Strawberry Mountain Wilderness 60.5 59.0 1.5 2.5%CA South Warner Wilderness 62.7 61.5 1.2 2.0%

MT-ID Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 65.4 64.3 1.2 1.8%AZ Mount Baldy Wilderness 77.4 76.3 1.1 1.4%WY North Absaroka Wilderness 65.6 64.5 1.1 1.6%OR Eagle Cap Wilderness 60.2 59.2 1.0 1.7%WY Teton Wilderness 67.9 67.1 0.9 1.3%CA Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness 59.6 58.9 0.8 1.3%MT Anaconda Pintler Wilderness 65.0 64.4 0.6 1.0%CA Marble Mountain Wilderness 59.1 58.5 0.6 1.0%MT Mission Mountains Wilderness 62.5 62.0 0.5 0.8%MT Bob Marshall Wilderness 60.3 59.8 0.5 0.8%MT Scapegoat Wilderness 65.0 64.6 0.4 0.6%CA San Jacinto Wilderness 91.3 90.9 0.4 0.4%CA Ansel Adams Wilderness 67.6 67.2 0.4 0.6%CA Domeland Wilderness 72.5 72.1 0.4 0.5%CA San Gorgonio Wilderness 108.9 108.5 0.4 0.4%CA Cucamonga Wilderness 120.4 120.0 0.4 0.3%CA Hoover Wilderness 67.8 67.5 0.4 0.5%

CA Kings Canyon NP 70.5 70.1 0.4 0.5%CA Kaiser Wilderness 67.9 67.6 0.3 0.5%CA Sequoia NP 75.8 75.4 0.3 0.5%CA Mokelumne Wilderness 69.4 69.1 0.3 0.4%MT Cabinet Mountains Wilderness 62.8 62.6 0.2 0.4%CA Emigrant Wilderness 68.2 67.9 0.2 0.3%CA Thousand Lakes Wilderness 64.7 64.5 0.2 0.3%CA Agua Tibia Wilderness 90.1 89.9 0.2 0.2%MT Gates of the Mountains Wilderness 62.3 62.0 0.2 0.3%CA Ventana Wilderness 68.6 68.4 0.2 0.3%OR Mount Hood Wilderness 63.7 63.5 0.2 0.3%OR Mountain Lakes Wilderness 59.9 59.7 0.2 0.3%OR Mount Jefferson Wilderness 59.2 59.0 0.1 0.2%WA Goat Rocks Wilderness 62.1 62.0 0.1 0.2%WA Alpine Lakes Wilderness 63.4 63.3 0.1 0.2%OR Diamond Peak Wilderness 58.2 58.1 0.1 0.2%OR Kalmiopsis Wilderness 56.5 56.4 0.1 0.2%OR Mount Washington Wilderness 58.7 58.6 0.1 0.2%ID Sawtooth Wilderness 62.6 62.6 0.1 0.1%NV Jarbridge Wilderness 64.5 64.4 0.1 0.1%WA Pasayten Wilderness 63.0 63.0 0.0 0.1%WA Glacier Peak Wilderness 64.1 64.1 0.0 0.0%WA Mount Adams Wilderness 61.1 61.1 0.0 0.0%

Table C5. Modeled O&G Impacts on the W126 ozone concentration (ppm*hrs) in 2011 in National Parks.

State Park_NameBase Case

W126

No Oil and Gas W126

Difference W126

% of Base Case

KS Fort Larned 30.35 21.97 8.37 28%OK Washita Battlefield 31.86 24.03 7.82 25%

ARPresident William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home 32.46 25.25 7.21 22%

AR Fort Smith 35.74 28.71 7.02 20%OK Chickasaw 40.84 33.94 6.90 17%KS Tallgrass Prairie 31.62 24.84 6.78 21%CO Dinosaur 24.42 17.89 6.53 27%CO Sand Creek Massacre 29.47 23.06 6.41 22%KS Nicodemus 23.65 17.58 6.07 26%TX Lake Meredith 38.68 32.63 6.05 16%KS Brown v. Board of Education 36.88 30.84 6.04 16%

TX Alibates Flint Quarries 38.55 32.79 5.76 15%AR Buffalo 26.58 20.99 5.60 21%CO Bent's Old Fort 28.63 23.05 5.58 20%KS Fort Scott 31.71 26.15 5.56 18%AR Pea Ridge 33.52 28.19 5.33 16%NM Carlsbad Caverns NP 29.47 24.22 5.24 18%MO Harry S Truman 42.53 37.44 5.09 12%MO George Washington Carver 33.41 28.58 4.83 14%NM Capulin Volcano 28.66 24.20 4.45 16%TX Big Thicket 27.34 23.13 4.21 15%

MO Wilson's Creek 26.04 22.12 3.92 15%NM Fort Union 30.05 26.23 3.82 13%NE Homestead 23.39 19.58 3.81 16%NM Pecos Wilderness 33.20 29.43 3.77 11%NM Bandelier 33.40 29.69 3.71 11%TX Guadalupe Mountains 28.73 25.12 3.61 13%CO Mesa Verde NP 26.19 22.62 3.57 14%CO Great Sand Dunes 27.41 23.91 3.50 13%NE Scotts Bluff 21.92 18.62 3.30 15%NE Lewis and Clark 26.78 23.50 3.28 12%NM Salinas Pueblo Missions 29.28 26.02 3.26 11%CO Rocky Mountain 26.13 22.88 3.25 12%NM Aztec Ruins 28.08 24.94 3.14 11%NE Agate Fossil Beds 21.06 18.00 3.05 15%NM Chaco Culture 28.67 25.66 3.01 10%TX Lyndon B. Johnson 32.56 29.56 3.00 9%CO Florissant Fossil Beds 27.31 24.31 2.99 11%CO Yucca House 24.54 21.78 2.76 11%WY Fort Laramie 21.80 19.04 2.75 13%NM Petroglyph 31.70 28.95 2.75 9%UT Hovenweep 23.92 21.18 2.74 11%CO Colorado 22.06 19.34 2.72 12%CO Black Canyon of the Gunnison 21.99 19.31 2.68 12%NM White Sands 25.70 23.06 2.64 10%TX San Antonio Missions 27.01 24.47 2.54 9%TX Fort Davis 24.97 22.59 2.38 10%NE Niobrara 13.62 11.26 2.36 17%TX Amistad 35.92 33.56 2.36 7%SD Missouri 17.11 14.76 2.35 14%CO Curecanti 22.05 19.73 2.32 11%SD Badlands 15.19 12.92 2.26 15%SD Wind Cave 16.43 14.18 2.25 14%TX Big Bend 25.00 22.76 2.24 9%

SD Jewel Cave 17.57 15.40 2.17 12%NM El Malpais 26.64 24.50 2.14 8%AZ Canyon de Chelly 22.07 20.02 2.04 9%SD Mount Rushmore 15.73 13.71 2.02 13%UT Arches 20.89 18.89 2.00 10%NM Gila Cliff Dwellings 23.42 21.42 2.00 9%NM El Morro 24.64 22.73 1.92 8%AZ Hubbell Trading Post 21.94 20.04 1.89 9%WY Devils Tower 13.77 11.89 1.89 14%SD Minuteman Missile 12.40 10.58 1.83 15%TX Chamizal 27.02 25.20 1.82 7%AZ Petrified Forest NP 22.24 20.43 1.81 8%UT Canyonlands 20.56 18.95 1.61 8%MN Pipestone 11.19 9.66 1.53 14%AZ Fort Bowie 17.97 16.58 1.39 8%UT Glen Canyon 20.12 18.75 1.38 7%UT Natural Bridges 22.19 20.86 1.33 6%AZ Saguaro 18.83 17.50 1.33 7%AZ Chiricahua 18.01 16.70 1.31 7%MN Mississippi 15.74 14.48 1.27 8%AZ Wupatki 16.58 15.49 1.09 7%AZ Navajo 20.82 19.74 1.09 5%AZ Coronado 15.32 14.28 1.04 7%AZ Sunset Crater Volcano 17.19 16.19 1.00 6%AZ Walnut Canyon 17.78 16.79 0.99 6%AZ Tumacacori 14.04 13.05 0.99 7%UT Rainbow Bridge 21.96 20.99 0.97 4%MT Little Bighorn Battlefield 9.28 8.36 0.92 10%UT Capitol Reef 19.71 18.79 0.92 5%WI Saint Croix 15.15 14.28 0.87 6%AZ Montezuma Castle 16.38 15.51 0.86 5%NV Lake Mead 15.69 14.83 0.86 5%AZ Casa Grande Ruins 15.35 14.51 0.84 5%AZ Grand Canyon 17.70 16.87 0.82 5%MT Bighorn Canyon 10.35 9.55 0.80 8%AZ Tonto 18.53 17.77 0.76 4%ND Theodore Roosevelt NP 7.19 6.43 0.75 10%AZ Tuzigoot 15.99 15.26 0.72 5%UT Timpanogos Cave 20.79 20.09 0.70 3%UT Bryce Canyon 18.33 17.66 0.67 4%WY Fossil Butte 15.06 14.43 0.63 4%AZ Pipe Spring 16.07 15.44 0.63 4%UT Cedar Breaks 19.64 19.02 0.62 3%

UT Zion 19.18 18.57 0.62 3%NV Great Basin 15.34 14.77 0.57 4%UT Golden Spike 14.16 13.64 0.52 4%CA San Rafael Wilderness 13.08 12.57 0.51 4%ND Knife River Indian Villages 6.12 5.62 0.50 8%WY Washakie Wilderness 15.15 14.65 0.50 3%CA Mojave 16.88 16.44 0.44 3%CA Death Valley 14.62 14.18 0.43 3%CA Santa Monica Mountains 27.95 27.52 0.43 2%ND Fort Union Trading Post 5.90 5.54 0.36 6%CA San Gabriel Wilderness 53.53 53.18 0.34 1%CA Joshua Tree 20.51 20.18 0.33 2%WY Grand Teton 11.72 11.40 0.32 3%MN Voyageurs NP 5.84 5.53 0.31 5%CA John Muir Wilderness 16.34 16.03 0.31 2%CA Manzanar 15.39 15.09 0.30 2%CA Sequoia / Kings Canyon 16.88 16.59 0.30 2%ID City of Rocks 8.72 8.44 0.28 3%ID Craters of the Moon 8.54 8.27 0.28 3%CA Lassen Volcanic 10.05 9.79 0.26 3%WY Yellowstone 12.01 11.75 0.26 2%CA Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity 9.37 9.13 0.25 3%0 Nez Perce 5.84 5.60 0.24 4%

CA Desolation Wilderness 13.90 13.66 0.24 2%CA Devils Postpile 13.67 13.44 0.23 2%CA Yosemite 14.16 13.93 0.22 2%WY John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 10.68 10.47 0.21 2%ID Minidoka 7.77 7.57 0.19 2%CA Caribou Wilderness 8.87 8.68 0.19 2%ID Hagerman Fossil Beds 7.52 7.33 0.19 3%AZ Hohokam Pima 12.37 12.18 0.19 2%AZ Organ Pipe Cactus 10.32 10.13 0.18 2%CA Lava Beds 5.62 5.45 0.17 3%CA Channel Islands 9.10 8.95 0.15 2%CA Pinnacles 9.32 9.18 0.14 2%CA Cabrillo 11.38 11.26 0.12 1%MT Glacier 8.18 8.08 0.10 1%MT Grant-Kohrs Ranch 9.44 9.36 0.07 1%MT Big Hole 9.62 9.55 0.07 1%CA Golden Gate 4.28 4.24 0.04 1%CA Eugene O'Neill 3.24 3.20 0.03 1%WA Lake Roosevelt 6.68 6.65 0.03 0%WA North Cascades 6.90 6.87 0.03 0%

WA Whitman Mission 4.93 4.91 0.02 0%WA Ross Lake 7.47 7.45 0.02 0%HI World War II Valor in the Pacific 4.86 4.84 0.01 0%OR John Day Fossil Beds 4.56 4.55 0.01 0%WA Lake Chelan 7.67 7.66 0.01 0%OR Three Sisters Wilderness 5.73 5.72 0.01 0%WA Mount Rainier 7.45 7.44 0.01 0%OR Crater Lake 5.45 5.44 0.01 0%WA Olympic NP 6.10 6.10 0.01 0%OR Oregon Caves 4.50 4.50 0.00 0%WA Fort Vancouver 3.34 3.34 0.00 0%OR McLoughlin House 3.88 3.87 0.00 0%WA Ebey's Landing 4.32 4.31 0.00 0%CA Redwood 3.13 3.13 0.00 0%CA Muir Woods 3.20 3.20 0.00 0%CA Point Reyes 3.28 3.28 0.00 0%OR Lewis and Clark 4.37 4.37 0.00 0%CA Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front 0.89 0.89 0.00 0%CA Fort Point 1.78 1.78 0.00 0%CA Presidio of San Francisco 1.78 1.78 0.00 0%CA San Francisco Maritime 1.78 1.78 0.00 0%WA San Juan Island 2.68 2.68 0.00 0%

Table C6. Modeled O&G Impacts on the W126 ozone concentration (ppm*hrs) in 2011 in Class I areas.

State Park NameBase Case

W126

No Oil and Gas W126

Difference W126

% of Base Case

CO Flat Tops Wilderness 24.25 18.39 5.86 24%AR Upper Buffalo Wilderness 26.58 20.99 5.60 21%CO Weminuche Wilderness 27.73 22.62 5.11 18%AR Caney Creek Wilderness 25.65 20.61 5.05 20%NM San Pedro Parks Wilderness 30.25 25.53 4.72 16%CO Mount Zirkel Wilderness 25.65 21.76 3.89 15%CO Eagles Nest Wilderness 22.92 19.14 3.78 16%NM Wheeler Peak Wilderness 30.07 26.35 3.71 12%CO Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness 22.72 19.03 3.69 16%NM White Mountain Wilderness 29.77 26.39 3.39 11%CO La Garita Wilderness 26.82 23.54 3.29 12%CO Rawah Wilderness 22.51 19.60 2.91 13%CO West Elk Wilderness 22.57 19.72 2.86 13%

NM Gila Wilderness 23.08 20.86 2.22 10%AZ Mount Baldy Wilderness 19.72 17.95 1.77 9%WY Bridger Wilderness 14.89 13.29 1.60 11%AZ Galiuro Wilderness 17.37 15.86 1.51 9%WY Fitzpatrick Wilderness 15.38 14.40 0.98 6%AZ Sycamore Canyon Wilderness 16.43 15.48 0.95 6%AZ Superstition Wilderness 20.83 19.89 0.94 5%AZ Mazatzal Wilderness 21.35 20.66 0.69 3%AZ Sierra Ancha Wilderness 17.75 17.15 0.60 3%Az Pine Mountain Wilderness 16.63 16.04 0.59 4%WY Teton Wilderness 13.40 12.99 0.42 3%CA Agua Tibia Wilderness 39.02 38.69 0.33 1%CA San Gorgonio Wilderness 27.43 27.11 0.32 1%CA Cucamonga Wilderness 37.12 36.81 0.32 1%ND Lostwood Wilderness 5.84 5.53 0.31 5%MT Medicine Lake Wilderness 5.84 5.53 0.31 5%WY North Absaroka Wilderness 11.44 11.13 0.30 3%CA Domeland Wilderness 15.86 15.56 0.30 2%CA San Jacinto Wilderness 33.14 32.83 0.30 1%CA Sequoia NP 16.88 16.59 0.30 2%CA Kings Canyon NP 15.50 15.21 0.28 2%CA Thousand Lakes Wilderness 9.07 8.82 0.25 3%CA Kaiser Wilderness 15.72 15.48 0.24 2%CA Ansel Adams Wilderness 14.45 14.21 0.24 2%NV Jarbridge Wilderness 8.63 8.40 0.23 3%CA South Warner Wilderness 7.65 7.42 0.23 3%CA Hoover Wilderness 13.37 13.16 0.22 2%CA Mokelumne Wilderness 13.50 13.28 0.21 2%CA Emigrant Wilderness 14.83 14.62 0.21 1%CA Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness 6.13 5.93 0.19 3%CA Ventana Wilderness 8.30 8.15 0.15 2%MT Bob Marshall Wilderness 8.05 7.95 0.10 1%MT Scapegoat Wilderness 8.19 8.10 0.09 1%ID Sawtooth Wilderness 8.74 8.65 0.09 1%

MT Gates of the Mountains Wilderness 8.22 8.13 0.09 1%MT Anaconda Pintler Wilderness 10.16 10.08 0.07 1%MT-ID Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness 8.77 8.70 0.07 1%

MT Mission Mountains Wilderness 7.81 7.74 0.07 1%MT Cabinet Mountains Wilderness 8.33 8.27 0.06 1%

ID-OR Hells Canyon Wilderness 7.51 7.45 0.05 1%OR Eagle Cap Wilderness 7.91 7.86 0.05 1%WA Pasayten Wilderness 7.69 7.67 0.02 0%

OR Strawberry Mountain Wilderness 5.89 5.88 0.01 0%OR Gearhart Mountain Wilderness 5.76 5.74 0.01 0%OR Mount Hood Wilderness 5.72 5.71 0.01 0%WA Glacier Peak Wilderness 7.95 7.94 0.01 0%WA Alpine Lakes Wilderness 8.35 8.34 0.01 0%WA Mount Adams Wilderness 6.61 6.60 0.01 0%WA Goat Rocks Wilderness 6.74 6.73 0.01 0%OR Mountain Lakes Wilderness 5.23 5.22 0.01 0%CA Marble Mountain Wilderness 4.90 4.90 0.01 0%OR Mount Washington Wilderness 5.31 5.30 0.01 0%OR Mount Jefferson Wilderness 5.28 5.28 0.01 0%OR Diamond Peak Wilderness 5.42 5.41 0.01 0%OR Kalmiopsis Wilderness 3.82 3.82 0.00 0%

Visibility

Table C7. Oil and Gas impact on modeled visibility on the 20% most impaired days and the 20% least impaired days, plus number of days in the year that O&G impacts are greater than 0.5 dv and 1 dv, for all National Parks in the 12km domain.

Park NameStat

e

O&G Avg

Impacts on 20%

Haziest Days (dv)

O&G Avg.

Impacts on 20%

Clearest Days

(dv)

No. days Avg

Impacts >

0.5dv

No. days Avg

Impacts >

1.0dv

Agate Fossil Beds NE 0.35 0.09 25 1Alibates Flint Quarries TX 0.81 0.54 136 57Amistad TX 0.07 0.13 5 0Arches UT 0.08 0.07 0 0Aztec Ruins NM 0.81 0.84 323 127Badlands SD 0.25 0.05 9 0Bandelier NM 0.07 0.06 0 0Bent's Old Fort CO 0.49 0.09 40 11Big Bend TX 0.03 0.05 0 0Bighorn Canyon MT 0.43 0.13 37 10Big Hole MT 0.01 0.00 0 0Big Thicket TX 0.20 0.18 5 0Black Canyon of the Gunnison CO 0.29 0.08 30 3Bryce Canyon UT 0.02 0.01 0 0Brown v. Board of Education KS 0.39 0.07 30 8

Buffalo AR 0.23 0.16 24 1Cabrillo CA 0.03 0.02 0 0Canyon de Chelly AZ 0.09 0.03 5 1Casa Grande Ruins AZ 0.03 0.01 0 0Canyonlands UT 0.06 0.09 0 0Capitol Reef UT 0.03 0.01 0 0Caribou Wilderness CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Carlsbad Caverns NP NM 0.19 0.26 11 0Capulin Volcano NM 0.10 0.08 4 1Cedar Breaks UT 0.02 0.01 0 0Chamizal TX 0.06 0.01 0 0Chaco Culture NM 0.22 0.12 23 1Chickasaw OK 0.33 0.29 54 14Chiricahua Wilderness AZ 0.02 0.01 0 0Channel Islands CA 0.09 0.06 0 0City of Rocks ID 0.02 0.01 0 0Colorado CO 0.88 0.31 85 24Coronado AZ 0.02 0.01 0 0Crater Lake OR 0.01 0.00 0 0Craters of the Moon ID 0.05 0.01 0 0Curecanti CO 0.06 0.06 0 0Devils Postpile CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Desolation Wilderness CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Devils Tower WY 0.39 0.07 33 2Death Valley CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Dinosaur CO 0.61 0.28 107 22Ebey's Landing WA 0.00 0.00 0 0El Malpais NM 0.03 0.01 0 0El Morro NM 0.03 0.02 0 0Eugene O'Neill CA 0.05 0.00 0 0Florissant Fossil Beds CO 0.10 0.08 4 0Fort Bowie AZ 0.03 0.01 0 0Fossil Butte WY 0.19 0.08 19 0Fort Davis TX 0.06 0.03 3 0Fort Laramie WY 0.43 0.09 28 1Fort Larned KS 1.18 0.29 132 78Fort Point CA 0.05 0.00 0 0Fort Scott KS 0.46 0.18 55 17Fort Smith AR 0.45 0.21 61 10Fort Union NM 0.06 0.07 2 0Fort Union Trading Post ND 0.32 0.14 29 5Fort Vancouver WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Gila Cliff Dwellings NM 0.03 0.01 0 0

Glacier NP MT 0.01 0.01 0 0Glen Canyon UT 0.05 0.04 1 0Golden Gate CA 0.06 0.01 0 0Golden Spike UT 0.01 0.01 0 0Great Basin NV 0.01 0.01 0 0Grand Canyon AZ 0.02 0.02 0 0Grant-Kohrs Ranch MT 0.01 0.00 0 0Great Sand Dunes CO 0.19 0.07 12 1Grand Teton WY 0.04 0.02 1 0Guadalupe Mountains TX 0.08 0.06 11 2George Washington Carver MO 0.39 0.14 42 4Hagerman Fossil Beds ID 0.03 0.01 0 0Homestead NE 0.79 1.11 279 162Hovenweep UT 0.34 0.15 59 10Harry S Truman MO 0.23 0.05 9 3Hubbell Trading Post AZ 0.04 0.04 0 0Jewel Cave SD 0.11 0.05 1 0John Day Fossil Beds OR 0.01 0.01 0 0John D. Rockefeller, Jr. WY 0.03 0.01 0 0John Muir CA 0.05 0.02 0 0Joshua Tree CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Knife River Indian Villages ND 0.14 0.04 6 2Lava Beds CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Lake Chelan WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Lake Mead NV 0.03 0.02 0 0Lake Meredith TX 0.91 0.55 147 65Lake Roosevelt WA 0.01 0.00 0 0Lassen Volcanic CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Lewis and Clark NE 0.33 0.10 28 7Lewis and Clark OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Little Bighorn Battlefield MT 0.14 0.06 3 1Lower Saint Croix WI 0.00 0.00 0 0Lyndon B. Johnson TX 0.06 0.14 8 0Manzanar CA 0.01 0.01 0 0McLoughlin House OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Mesa Verde NP CO 0.19 0.09 19 0Minidoka ID 0.03 0.01 0 0Minuteman Missile SD 0.21 0.04 6 1Mississippi MN 0.12 0.03 7 1Missouri SD 0.37 0.05 18 5Montezuma Castle AZ 0.03 0.01 0 0Mojave CA 0.03 0.02 0 0Mount Rainier WA 0.00 0.00 0 0

Mount Rushmore SD 0.09 0.04 0 0Muir Woods CA 0.05 0.01 0 0Natural Bridges UT 0.03 0.03 0 0Navajo AZ 0.03 0.02 0 0Nez Perce 0 0.17 0.06 9 2Nicodemus KS 0.67 0.16 85 34Niobrara NE 0.27 0.05 27 1North Cascades NP WA 0.02 0.00 0 0Olympic WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Oregon Caves OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Organ Pipe Cactus AZ 0.01 0.01 0 0Pecos Wilderness NM 0.06 0.10 5 0Petrified Forest AZ 0.08 0.02 3 0Pea Ridge AR 0.39 0.16 50 4Petroglyph NM 0.08 0.02 1 0Hohokam Pima AZ 0.04 0.01 0 0Pinnacles CA 0.03 0.01 0 0Pipestone MN 0.28 0.04 11 3Pipe Spring AZ 0.02 0.01 0 0Point Reyes CA 0.05 0.00 0 0Presidio of San Francisco CA 0.05 0.00 0 0Rainbow Bridge UT 0.02 0.02 0 0Redwood CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Ross Lake WA 0.01 0.00 0 0Rocky Mountain CO 0.17 0.09 5 0Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front CA 0.06 0.01 0 0San Antonio Missions TX 0.16 0.11 22 2Saint Croix WI 0.12 0.01 5 0San Francisco Maritime CA 0.05 0.00 0 0San Gabriel Wilderness CA 0.04 0.01 0 0Saguaro AZ 0.03 0.00 0 0San Juan Island WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Santa Monica Mountains CA 0.08 0.04 0 0Sand Creek Massacre CO 0.84 0.20 105 39Salinas Pueblo Missions NM 0.07 0.08 0 0San Rafael Wilderness CA 0.23 0.15 36 2Scotts Bluff NE 0.41 0.10 41 1Sequoia / Kings Canyon CA 0.04 0.01 0 0Sunset Crater Volcano AZ 0.03 0.02 0 0Tallgrass Prairie KS 0.70 0.19 84 25Three Sisters Wilderness OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Theodore Roosevelt ND 0.27 0.10 16 5

Timpanogos Cave UT 0.02 0.02 0 0Tonto AZ 0.02 0.02 0 0Tumacacori AZ 0.02 0.00 0 0Tuzigoot AZ 0.02 0.02 0 0World War II Valor in the Pacific HI 0.02 0.01 0 0Voyageurs NP MN 0.08 0.00 1 0Washita Battlefield OK 0.65 0.72 187 82Walnut Canyon AZ 0.03 0.01 0 0Washakie Wilderness WY 0.05 0.13 18 1Whiskeytown-Shasta-Trinity CA 0.05 0.01 0 0Whitman Mission WA 0.01 0.00 0 0White Sands NM 0.04 0.03 0 0Wind Cave SD 0.14 0.05 1 0President William Jefferson Clinton Birthplace Home AR 0.27 0.19 63 16Wilson's Creek MO 0.28 0.10 18 3Wupatki AZ 0.04 0.04 0 0Yellowstone NP WY 0.04 0.01 0 0Yosemite CA 0.01 0.00 0 0Yucca House CO 0.33 0.11 45 5Zion UT 0.03 0.01 0 0

Table C8. Oil and Gas impact on modeled visibility on the 20% most impaired days and the 20% least impaired days, plus number of days in the year that O&G impacts are greater than 0.5 dv and 1 dv, for all other Class I areas in the 12km domain.

Park Name State

O&G Avg Impacts on

20% Haziest

Days (dv)

O&G Avg. Impacts on

20% Clearest Days (dv)

No. days Avg

Impacts > 0.5dv

No. days Avg

Impacts > 1.0dv

Agua Tibia Wilderness CA 0.03 0.01 0 0Alpine Lakes Wilderness WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Anaconda Pintler Wilderness MT 0.01 0.00 0 0Ansel Adams Wilderness CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Bob Marshall Wilderness MT 0.02 0.01 0 0Bridger Wilderness WY 0.32 0.06 18 4Caney Creek Wilderness AR 0.14 0.20 30 4Cabinet Mountains Wilderness MT 0.01 0.00 0 0Cucamonga Wilderness CA 0.04 0.01 0 0Diamond Peak Wilderness OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Domeland Wilderness CA 0.03 0.02 0 0Eagle Cap Wilderness OR 0.01 0.00 0 0

Eagles Nest Wilderness CO 0.13 0.10 0 0Emigrant Wilderness CA 0.01 0.00 0 0Fitzpatrick Wilderness WY 0.12 0.04 3 1Flat Tops Wilderness CO 0.25 0.22 28 1Galiuro Wilderness AZ 0.03 0.01 0 0Gates of the Mountains Wilderness MT 0.01 0.01 0 0Gearhart Mountain Wilderness OR 0.01 0.01 0 0Gila Wilderness NM 0.04 0.01 0 0Glacier Peak Wilderness WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Goat Rocks Wilderness WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Hells Canyon Wilderness ID-OR 0.01 0.00 0 0Hoover Wilderness CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Jarbridge Wilderness NV 0.01 0.00 0 0Kaiser Wilderness CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Kalmiopsis Wilderness OR 0.01 0.00 0 0Kings Canyon NP CA 0.03 0.01 0 0La Garita Wilderness CO 0.06 0.04 1 0Lostwood Wilderness ND 0.08 0.00 1 0Maroon Bells-Snowmass Wilderness CO 0.11 0.15 16 0Marble Mountain Wilderness CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Mazatzal Wilderness AZ 0.02 0.02 0 0Medicine Lake Wilderness MT 0.08 0.00 1 0Mission Mountains Wilderness MT 0.01 0.01 0 0Mount Adams Wilderness WA 0.00 0.00 0 0Mount Baldy Wilderness AZ 0.03 0.01 0 0Mount Hood Wilderness OR 0.01 0.00 0 0Mount Jefferson Wilderness OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Mokelumne Wilderness CA 0.01 0.01 0 0Mountain Lakes Wilderness OR 0.01 0.00 0 0Mount Washington Wilderness OR 0.00 0.00 0 0Mount Zirkel Wilderness CO 0.18 0.09 3 0North Absaroka Wilderness WY 0.04 0.03 1 0Pasayten Wilderness WA 0.01 0.00 0 0Pine Mountain Wilderness Az 0.02 0.02 0 0Rawah Wilderness CO 0.14 0.09 1 0San Gorgonio Wilderness CA 0.04 0.01 0 0San Jacinto Wilderness CA 0.03 0.01 0 0San Pedro Parks Wilderness NM 0.08 0.13 7 1Sawtooth Wilderness ID 0.01 0.00 0 0Scapegoat Wilderness MT 0.01 0.01 0 0Selway-Bitterroot Wilderness MT-ID 0.01 0.00 0 0

Sequoia NP CA 0.04 0.01 0 0Sierra Ancha Wilderness AZ 0.02 0.02 0 0South Warner Wilderness CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Strawberry Mountain Wilderness OR 0.01 0.00 0 0Superstition Wilderness AZ 0.02 0.02 0 0Sycamore Canyon Wilderness AZ 0.04 0.04 0 0Teton Wilderness WY 0.04 0.03 0 0Thousand Lakes Wilderness CA 0.02 0.01 0 0Upper Buffalo Wilderness AR 0.21 0.15 19 2Ventana Wilderness CA 0.02 0.01 0 0West Elk Wilderness CO 0.05 0.07 0 0Weminuche Wilderness CO 0.14 0.08 8 0White Mountain Wilderness NM 0.06 0.02 1 0Wheeler Peak Wilderness NM 0.07 0.09 4 0Yolla Bolly-Middle Eel Wilderness CA 0.02 0.01 0 0

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