Alzheimer’s Disease Savidra Lucatero, Vinita Mehrotra, Sabrina Rawlings, Jackie Wheeler, & Matt...
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Transcript of Alzheimer’s Disease Savidra Lucatero, Vinita Mehrotra, Sabrina Rawlings, Jackie Wheeler, & Matt...
Alzheimer’s Disease
Savidra Lucatero, Vinita Mehrotra, Sabrina Rawlings, Jackie Wheeler,
& Matt Zustiak
Outline• Introduction• Background• Match ’Em Up Game!
– Discussion
• Current Diagnosis• Current Treatment• Research
– Hands-On Activity
• Questions
Preclinical/Mild AD
Notice size of hippocampus
Moderate AD
Notice the hippocampus
Severe AD
Notice hippocampus and degradation as a whole
Preclinical/Mild AD
Notice size of hippocampus
Production of Beta-amyloid
APP binds to brain cell
Production of Beta-amyloid
Enzymes cut APP molecule and release Beta-amyloid
Production of Beta-amyloid
Beta-amyloid conglumerates
What Are Neuritic Plaques?
• Extracellular abnormalities involving the accumulation of beta/A4-amyloid.
• Beta/A4-amyloid derives from amyloid precursor protein (APP).
• Abnormal degradation of this protein produces peptide fragments which aggregate into insoluble beta/A4-amyloid.
What Are Neuritic Plaques?
• Spherical in structure measuring about 0.2 millimeters in diameter
What Are Neuritic Plaques?
• Often found adjacent to capillaries and large blood vessels.
• Generally found on the surface of cerebral cortex.
• Can be found in other regions of the brain. (i.e. hypothalamus, cerebeller cortex, pons, etc.)
What Do They Look Like?
Different Stages of Neuritic Plaques
• Primitive Plaques
• Diffuse Plaques
• Hypermature Plaques
Different Stages of Neuritic Plaques
Primitive Plaques Diffuse Plaques
Hypermature Plaques
What Do They Look Like?
Production of Tangles
Normal microtubules have stabilizing tau molecules. Diseased microtubules degrade and release the tau molecules which form tangles.
What Are Neurofibrillary Tangles?
• Twisted nerve cell fibers made up of damaged remains of microtubules.
• Tau proteins promote microtubule stability.
• Tau proteins become hyperphosphorylated.
• Abnormal tau protein binding causes microtubule breakdown and the tau protein clump to form neurofibrillary tangles.
What Do They Look Like?
What Do They Look Like?
Preclinical/Mild AD Brain
Blue indicates beta-amyloid
Moderate AD Brain
Blue indicates beta-amyloid
Severe AD Brain
Blue indicates beta-amyloid
Focus On The Use Of Vaccines
Research On Alzheimer Treatment
The Antibody Molecule
How Antibodies Work
-Amyloid Plaques In The Brain
Hypoccampus
Mice was not injected with antibody
Mice injected with antibody
amyloid amyloid plaques plaques are seenare seen
amyloid amyloid plaques plaques are not are not seenseen
Cortex
Mice was not injected with antibody
Mice injected with antibody
Antibody Production
Pharmacokinetics
Thanks for having us!
We look forward to seeing your faces around the UMBC campus.