‘J’w ..-’#

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NATIONAL ADVISOR; COMMITTEEFOR AERONAUTICS”

TECHNICAL NOTE

NO.1205

D.4TA ON OPTIMUM LENGTH, SHEAR STRENGTH, AND TENSILE

STRENGTH OF AGE -HARDENED 17S -T MACHINE -CGUNTE-RSUNK

RINETS IN 75S-T SHEET

By Evan H. Schuette and Donald E.” Niles

Langley Memorial Aeronautical LaboratoryLangley Field, Va.

Washington

March 1947

Illlrlllllllllllll!lllllllllllllll!31176014538983NATIONAL ADTXSORY COl?MITTEEFOR JWRONAUTICS

——

TECHNICALNOTENO. 1“X)5 ,.——.

IMT!AON OPIXM(JMIJIFGT!H,S3EAR SZR3NG~, AND TENS31X

STRENGTH OF AGE-HMWENED 17S-T MACHINE-COUNTERSUNK

RIVETS IN 75S-T SHEET

By Evan H. Schuette and Donald E. Niles .,

.—>...

.-

—

SUMMARY

A series of tensib -strength and ehear-strength tests were mdeon age-hardened 17S-T rivets machtie-countersunk in 75 S-T sheet. Theriveted ~oints were ,constructed.by the NACA reverse-driving methodof countersunk riveting; the angle of countersink was 60° and.thedepth of countersink was half the rivet dtameter or 1.25 times thesheet thiclmess, whichever was le6s. The results of the tests indicatedthat such joints can he made satisfactorily with regard to both __ ““._flushness and strength, if the ratio of buck (the length of rivet ‘protruding beyond the surface of tho countersunk sheet before Qriy~g )to diameter of the rivet I.S kept between 0.9 SIX3.1.5. Curves ‘arepresented giv@g the rivet stre.ngtlhin terms of the single-sheetthickness“for joints in which these limits have 3een observed. “

INTRODUCTION

..The use of 17’S-T rivets in the.age-hardened condition has

usually been avoided tn the past %ecause such r:ve.tsare harder todrive than annealed rivets, With the Introduction of h5@e”r-strengthstructural alloys, however, use of stronger rivets has becomedesirable for develo~ing the full got.entialstreng~ of a structure,and age‘hardened rivets have in scme cases been used.

ti order to provide data on the strength of age-hardened17S-T rivets (eometimes designated 17S-’El rivets) and also to stu~”

-.—

the optimum length of rivet for joining sheets of given thicbess bythe NACA reverse-driving method of countersunk riveting, a seriesof shear-strength and tensile-strength tests were made on,17S52A rivets””-‘“-

4 in 75S-T aluminum-alloy sheet.— —

For ccqle.teness, this report includes full details of test.specimens, test procedure, end data obtained. If, however, thereader toes not wish to concern himself with these details, he is

.

2 I’JACATN NO, 1205

referred dtrectly to fQure 3 which shows the procodure for drivingthe rivets, to fi~re 19and to the Conclusion.

The specimene used

which Swmnarizes the significant results,

TEST SPECIMENS

In th~ tensi.le-~tren@h t~ets GOn8i6hdof two shce~s of 75S-T aluminw alloy of oqua~ nominal thiclmessesassembled with one 17S+31 rivat, ag shown in figure 1. The sheerepocimens consistd of two sheets of 75S-3?aluminmn alloy of uqual

nominal thicknesses.assqmbled into a lap joint by two 17SqA rivetsas shown in figure 2.

The NACA flush-riveting p~ocedure (see fig. 3) WEMIused inthe preparation of the Gpocimms. A complete discussion of thisTrocc+duzwis given In refurence 1. Briefly, the method consistsof insertimg a round-head rivet into the uncountorsunk end of thehcle Ud upsetting the end of the shcnk Into tlm countersink. TIMccccessmaterial is milled off with a flush-rivet milling tool similsrto--theone shown in figure !20of ref~renco 1. $LL1rivets in thepresent program wore squeezed hydrcullcally.

The depth of countersink was half tho riv~t diameter or 1.25times the sheet thickn~s~, whichever WSE l.ss. ~0 ~le OHcountersink was 600 and the vr.luesof’the veriables for which tustswere made are given %n the following table, Shear and tensilesyecimmns wore tested for each combination of variables for whichan “x” appears.

RjvetlU.em-lRiveteter Ilengtk(in.)1 (h.)—,-. _.1/8 ~ 1/4.

I 5/16

5/3’2 1/45/163/87/161/2

3/16 1/47/~63/87,/16

——,...L.. ——

,——

3:02C—.x

x

xx

x..—

xx

xx

—.

0.032...-x

—.-...-

Xx,ti

x—-

Xxxx.

Sheet thickness

‘T.—..

0:040 0.051

X1X

._._L x1 —--

x x

xx

xx

‘r x

x x

x

I

x

—J...”— ..

(in.)— ....—..—-.——.

t+?

3.064’ O.08JJO:0 10.102—.. . . ... —- -—..-X.x x x x..-.—.- -. — —-

l—

‘ L

:lX .x

x ‘x xx X1X

L, x 1.X :x

i

L

x xx

L-

X’x xx x x x’

—.. .

. . ..—

0.22’-—..

-——

xxxx—..

x

x

x

x

x

x.—

..

.

-.

b

?

.

TWA TN NO. 120’5 3

TEST PRCCEDUR13

The test procedure for the tensile Eq?ecfmenswas the s- as .__. ‘ _that described in reference 2-. The speuimena were mounted in the ..fixtures which are shown in figure 4. The small rods on each ofthe fixtures paes through the holes in one of the sheets of the ‘

—

epecimen and beer egainst the other sheet. When load is applied,the rods pueh the sheets apert an~ tlhussubject the rivet to tensileload. These spec?.menswere loaded at the rate of hOO younds perminute until failure, and the maximum loed was recorded. -.

me test procedure for thG dieem specimens was essentially wesame as that descrfbod in reference 3. Loads were applied throughTeruplingrips. The slip of ono Sheet with respect to the other wasmeasur~d at the edges of the shee& oyposite the riveted joint bym.eanaof two optical micrometers one on each side of the specimen,as shown in figure ~. The s~ecimens were subjected to alterna& _application sad release of load; the load, however, was neyer relgaggd “below a “zero”value of ~ pounds. The permanent sllp that remainedafter each application of load was recorded, as was also the loadcausing failure.

All tests were conducted In the 100,OC)O-pound-capaCi.tytestingmachine in the Langley atructwes r~s.m.rchlaboratory. The loadstndicated by this machine are within one-helf of one percent of thetrue loads. The sensitivity of the optical u+-crometerQused forreading slip is approximately 0.0002 inch. —

Prior to running my test, the specimen was examined and anapiraisal was made, based on the ap2eamnce of thG coun@rsunkhead, as to whether the rivet had been too long, too short, orsatisfactory for produc~mg a good flush surface. ——

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Resultsyield load h

of the tests are given in tables 1 h 3, Thethese tables is arbitrarily &efined as the sheer load

pm riwt requfred tQ produce a permanent slip equal to 4 percentof the rivet dbmneter; this definition of yield load is the sameas that used in ~“uference1. The three types of failure .iiidicatid “ –in the tables are illustrated by figures 6 to 8. In ordsr toshow the general tightn~ss characteristics of’the rivets, load-slipcurves for all the shear specimens are given in f@ures 9 to XL.

—

.

4 ~A,CILm NO 1205,

The test results are also presented gra~hically in figures Wto 14, in which loads in shear and in tension are plotted againsti.hee~ngle-sheet thickness for each rivet diameter and length.In order to avoid unnecessm’y confusion of the test points, onlyan average value of’yield load is plotteclfor each sheet t~ickness.The cuwms for maximum load are ~hown as solid lines over theramge for which the appraisal before testing indicated that therivet len@h was satisfactory.

If a rivet is too ~hort,,it dot>snot pro’vnieenough material bfill the countersunk cevity; if a rivet is too long, it tends tobuck% to one Bide in driving and leaves an unfilled space on thoopposite side o~the countersunk cavity. In either case the remltingrivet is not pwfoctly flush. The requireznontof flushness consequentlysets limits on the range of eh~et thickness over which a given rivetlength should bo used. A minimum which these limits may assune isindicated by the extent of the eolid.lines in fi~ures J-2b 14.Those solid lines for each rivet len@h are replottmi in figures 15to 17, which show that the appraisal.made cm the basis of fluShness_was eviduntly sufficient to eliminate any rivet tli~ Strm@h of whichwas abnormally low in comparison with the main trends of the results.The solid lines therefor~ denote a remqe within which the rivetsare satisfactory with regard to both flushness and strength. Theseranges are shown in flgmre 18 as horizor~tallima for each rivetdiameter and lmgth (where tmsion @nd shear specimens indicate b“

differtintranges, the mmller rmge was used). Grip length (double-sheot thickness) is used for the e+b~ciesain figure 18 rather thansheet thickness to facilitate eaey calculation of buck (rivet length

F

minus grip length}.

A study of the data indicated that the limits fw”obtainlngsatisfactory rivets corresponded ro~hly to constant ratios of buckto diameter of the rivet. The limiti~ buck-to-diemete.rratioswere found to be approximately 0.9 and 1.5 for all the diameters.In selecting the limits, it wcs talnm Into con~ideration that thehorizontal ~inee in figure 18 represent on~”mininium rc&ges tho,t—cculd probably be extended in several ceseo if additim.al te~t-data were availe,bie.

In order to show tho shear and tensile stv@@& thab-s,roachieved with 1.7S-TArivets in 75S-T.sheet when tho buck-to-diameterratio is within the limits given, a einglc curve was faired throughuach of the.cowposite curves of f’i~wres.15 t.a17, er.dthesi~le curves are plotted in figure 19. Avercgo cuxves for theyield load in shear aro aleo shown. Figure 19 indicates that, witha buck-to-diameter ratio in the ~ivcn optimmn rmgo,tho ~hear Jointswere ramarkpbly tight, es tlw yield lo&d is in no case substantiallyless than $Klyemcent of the tailing load.

I’TACATN Ivy.1205

CONCLUSIONS

Tensile-strength and shear-strength

5“.— -

. .

. --

tests were nmde on rivetedJoints constructed by Me NASA reverse%riving method of countersunkriveting ~ith age-hardened l~SWT rivets (sanetimes designated17S-T!Arivets) in 75S-T ShOetj the angle of countersink was 60° amdthe depth of countersink was half the rivet diameter or 1.25 tlmoe”

.—

the sheet thickness, whichever was less. The results of the testsindicated that such joints can be made satisfactorily in regard toboth flushness an~ stremgth if the ratio of %uck (the length ofrivet protruding beyond the surface of the countersunk sheet beforedrivfng) to diameter of tiiorivet is kept betm”en 0.9 aid 1.5.Curves are pz’esentsdgiving the rivet strength in terms of the ‘s~le-sheet thichess for Joints in which these ltmita ha,~ebeenobserved.

-——_ -

Langley Memcrial Aeronautical LaboratoryNational Advisory Committee for Aeronautics

—

Langley Field, V’a.,October 18, 1946—

.—

.,-

6 NACATN No● J205

RE3TZU?NCES

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#

1. Lundquist, Eugene E., and Gottlieb, Robert: A Studyof the Tightness and Fluehness of Machine-CountmmnkRivets for Atrcrsft. N?K.ARB, June 1942.

2. Schuette, Than H., Bartone, Lemard M., and Mandel, Mervin W.:Tensile Tests of Round-Head, Flat-Heed, and Brazier-Head,Rivets. NACA TN No. 930, 194)1.

3. Gottliab, Robert: Test S)ataon the Sheer Strength oflMachine-CountersunkRiveted Joints As~embled ly an NACAFlush-RivetingProcedure. NACA R13,Dec. 1,942.

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N’ACA TN No. 1205

TANS 1

7

Tenaton Shear

Sheet AP~ml. TyM of Mex- APPralEIal me of Yield W-tichem before fallllre load before failure lti loed

kat(lIl.)

per rivet temt par rivet(a) (lb) (a)

per rivet(lb) (lb)

RS7etlength,libIn..

.020 “ Sati.9faotory1 w Satisraotorr1 E& 240

.Ceo -----do----- 1 140 -----do----- 1 23a

.020 -----do----- 1 105 -----do---.- 1 23a

.020 -----do----- 1 215 EE

.032 do---------- 1 235 -----do----- 1,2 3&l 400

.032 -----do----- 1 2Q0 1,2)3 420 435

.032 -----do----- 1 230 &---------- 1,2 375 395

.032 -----do----- 1 235

.044J -----do----- 1,2 295 -----do—---‘ 3 4&J m

.040 -----&----- 1,2 335 ----*----- 3 435 450

.040 -----do----- 1,2 325

,051 -----&l----- 1,2 w ----40----- yy.051 ---------- 1,2 :.051 ----z----- 1,2

380 -----& -----375 -----do----- 3 g 4

.64 -----do----- 2 -----do----- w?2

3 555.064 ------z--- 1,2 -----do-----.064 -----%-—-- 2 : %

510%Q -----do----- 5P

Xv’atlel@l,5/16W. —

1.051 SatiBfaotory2 39 Sathfaotory 565 600.Opl -----do ----- 2 3P ----*----- :.qL

%5 %5-.--.~-..-. 2 3-P ----+0---”- 3 w 470

.064 -...-&..-.. 2 @o -----do-----

.064555....*..... : 515 k?

.081 -----do----- 3% z= : g g

......081 -----do----- 2 -----.08~ ...-+..... 2 840 3 m

.Ogl -----do----- 2 975 ----*----- 640

.Ogl ....*-...- 2 860. ...-+----. : g

.Oglm

do-----..... 3 5%

.m ..-.*----- 2 w do-----..... 3 615 630

.I.02 -----do----- 2 w ....*..... 3 575

.102 -----do----- 3 95Q &...-...... 3 @ %

.

8 NACA TN No. 1205 4

T-421X2

0 TESTFWULB ~ Am~ 17S=TRmXm MAcEIm+mlmRmmRIVETD

m W-T 22X2T.IMmm, 7/32Iwm.

I

Shear

A~8al ~of Ilo%ilw%!’Yieldbefore fall.ure

sheethiolmem

(In.)ted I (a) IPerrivatparrivet(lb) (lb)

Rivet lm?g 1/4 b.I

3atit3raatcuy....+.....’-... .....

.... -----

....*.....-... .....

.... ... .

.... .....

.... -----

....*.... .

....*.....

.-.. -----

do..... .....-----dO-----

+---- ----------Do-----

....*.... -slK&,-dO---dO--

111

111

Satisfaat.alq.. .. .......... ....

mS?93310

~

kp

765m7P

E

&57Pm

&o&o89

I.020.020.0a3

.032SO*.oy2

.040

.040

.040

.W1

.051

.051

.064

.064,06k.064

.I02

.D2

.IM

.I.02

---- . . . . .

71,2

....*..... 1,2

....+...... 1,2

111 I

.......... 2

. . . . . . . . . ~

. ...+..... 2

. . . . . . . . . 3

.....&..... 3

....*..... 3

1,21,21,2

. ...*.....

.-. +---- ;. ...*..... 3

7@6?393.0

21,21,22

Shmt-dO--

3,33

2222

720w740

I).020.G20 RSatiflfaotory.G20 $! I

Satiefaotary 1--+...... 1..... ..... 1

aso263254

111

.O* vSatiafaow

.032 . ...*.... -

.032 -----dO -----

.051 . . . . .. . . . .

.051 -----dO-----

.o~l -----dO-----

.064 ....*.....

.064 ....*.....

.064 -----dO-----

.064 ..... .....

.081 ....+.....

.081 -----dO-----

.Oal -----dO-----

.091 ....*.....

.091 ..... ......

.091 -----do-----

111

26521!II225

. ...*.... . ~---- -do . . . . . 1---- . . . . . 1

111 I

-...-&..-.. 3....*..... 3....*..-.. ~

7357457bl

4204&

-do---- ----- 3+---- ----- 3...-*..-.. ~

221,21,%?

21,21,2

. ..- +0 . . . . .

I

3....*..... ~-----da----- 3

222 :117

---------3lm5 ..-.*..-.. 3

&----------- 3

7&

%aFafluretypemidentiffed in rigs. 6 to8.

NATIONALAWISORYWMMITTC3m A3wmmcs .

NACA TN No. 1205,

9

mm 2- mntimwd.

‘ESTRENL12.IUXZT~, ~f~ IIWE.-Oimtinued.

Tensicm SEe=

Sheet A~aal q-&w Of Ikxi=nn A~sel me of Yi61dthlaknem betare fdlnra land hfme rtiti load W

(in. )‘t8Bt pr tint t9at ~ rivmt

(a)~r rivet

(lb) (a) (n) (lb)

Rivet length,~8 in.

0.020.020.020.020

.032

.032

.032

.051

.ml

.o~l

.064

.06b

.06k

.081

.Oal

.Oal

.1o2

.1o2

:s

.12q

.E25

.125

.1*

.156

.1$

.156

0.Oba.04Q.Obo

.064

.Oa

.06+

.081

.081

.081

.091

.W1

.gl

.los

.ID2

.Im

.125

.125

.125

.u6

.1*

.156

---- . . . . .. ..- . . . . .

. . . . ----------d9-----

. . . . . . . . .

..-. . . . . .-... . . . . .

---- . ----..-. . . . . .. . . . . . . . .

-.. . . . . . .. . . . ----..-. . . . . .

Shin.’t--do-

SAtiefaaw

short--dO---dO-

111

1,211

1,21,21,2

222

2

:

2

2

222

2

:

~ 11

*- 1

-dO- 1-dO- 1-do- 1

SatlBfacta-y 1,2~ 1

. 1

Satlsfactcmy.-..* ---- :.-.. +-.... 2

.-_+ ._. - 2-... .-.. 1,2-...* ----- 2

--- ----- 3..... .....-.-+ ---- i

-Satisfaaq

short

SatiefactaM#3.

Sauefacta....*.-.----do ----

-.. *O-..

-----do------+-..

---- -----do.... .. .

---- ----

. ..- .-.---- -------- ------* O.-.

---- ----2h0rt.*-

--dO---dO---dO--*-

Slvet length,7/16in.

1“

1111

%-10-

-dO-

-dO--dO--dO-

-dO--dO--dO-

Satfefaoteq--+-..,-... ....

..-* ----...* o---

-----dO---

.-.. ....-.-+ ....----+3-—-’

Skrt--dO--40-

1

i

;3

333

333

333

3

:

33

~

—..—

%.11.nre type. identified h figs. 6 b 0.

EA5mSALmm2asy~Q’u’mmm AZSOSALIUC9

I

.-— -—

10 NACA TN No. 1205

TARLE 2- Conoluded.

TEST RESULTS. Rm DIAME!I!KR,~/32 IIJOR.- Concluded.

Teneion ShearSheet

thioluleaeAppraisal me of llexlmm Ap~aleal T~ of Yieldhfore failllre load before

kxilmanload

tmstfaimre load

(in. )per rivet +a3t

(a) (lb)per rivet per rivet

(a) (lb) (lb)

Rivetlengti,1/2in.

0.020 ~ 1%

~ 1 $xX.020

145. 1.020 -do-

155 lb: 75 -do- 1 W5, 145

.Op ‘do- 1 140 -do- 1

.0~ *o- 136 440

195 -&- 1.Op -do- 1

240155 -do-

3%1 250 3%

.o~l -do- 1 %5 -&- 1,3 2

.051 -do- 1 ‘do- ~530

3 2.051 -aO-

6501 260 “&- 3 600

.064 -do- 1,2 3Q5 -do-Slcl *O- 1 m -do- : ; g

-do- 1 6m -do- 3 265 m

.Oal -do- 3 710 -do-

.0813

-do- 1740

-do-935

.083. lZ3

*-m

3 -do- 3 $l? m

.091 6atimfaotory 2 lol.Q -do- 3 640

.091 w 1 g !3ati8fac~ 3 630

.091 -do- 1 -----do----- 3 740~

-do- 1 %’5 815:%

3-do- 3 139 satiarao~

.lce3

-do- 1 “w ----*----- .3 1% !?!s

.125 Satiefaoixmy 2 lqlo do..... ----- 3 8M -

.125 do----- ----- 2 1!+73 do----- . . . . .

.E2’53 910

-----do ----- 2 1365 -----ao ----- ?w950

. 3 95

.1$ -----do ----- 3 195 -----do ----- 3

.156 -----do ----- 3 141.O 3 g %

.156 -----do ----- 3 1363 -----do ----- 3 1ooo.%.ilure types identifted ti figs. 6 to 8.

NATIONAL ADvm3RY00MMITTEEIOR AERONACFIXOS

4

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,

.’

I

.

NACA TN No. 1205 -11

5YaIE 3

‘EST REWLTSm AGE-EARlmaD. —

1P-T RIVETSMAtiko2svm D

Uwlhsm& I!i 75S* SHEET. ,IM4Elm, 3/16 INCH.

Teneion Shear

Sheet APlselthhknese

Type of I.!! Appraisalbefore

m of Yieldfailure lead

WUim’llmbefore failure load

testload

(in.)per rivet test

(*)-. .. P) ---

per rivet(a) (lb)

perrivet(lb)

Rivet length,1/4 m.

0.020 Sa%ief aotay 1 Satiefaotary 1.02a -----do----- 1.020

18

-----do ----------do ----- 1

1 la% z

.-..+--- . 1 270 2p

.032 -----do ----- 1 283

.032

1,2

-----do----- 1 240* Sb

-...+..-... 1.Op -----do----- 1 235 ...-*..... 1,2 % %

.051 ----do----- 1,2 -----do----- 1,2

.051 -----do----- 1 ?$ -----do----- 1,29&l geo

.051 -----do----- 1 w1000 ‘lm~....*-.-.- 1,2 910 955

.081 short 1

.Oal -do--m

1 285 Short 1,3 475 K@O.Oal -do-- “1 -dO--

980 3 lop @xl.Oal -do-- 1 @o

,40-- 3 loyl S&O

.3.02 -do-- 2

.I.02%70 -dO--

-do-- 27$ 1.070

.102-do--

-do-- 22,3

%’1050

.102-Qo---do-- : ;%?) %

Rivetle~, 5/16In.

0.020 Satit3factory 1 satdsfaotcl~ 1.020 -----ao--—— 1 ti?

m-----do ----- 1

qo

.020 -----do ----- 1 160245 250

-----do ----- 1 m WJ

.032 -----& ----- 1 250

.032 -----do ----------do----- 1

1 245540 540

.032

1

-----do ----- 1 225 -----do ----- 1 $: %

.0443 ----do----- 1 w 1

.040 -----ao ----- 1

.04JJ30

‘----do----------do----- 1

1 m -----do----- 1 g~

.040 do----- ----- 1 w

.051 -----do ----- 1,2

.051m

-----aO ----------do ----- 1

1,2 MO -----do----- 1,2*

.051 -----aO ----- 1,2El

-----do----- 1S’m

.051 -----do----- L,2 z935 1o1o

.064 -----do-----, 1,2 m

.064 -----do----------do----- 3

1,2E

U&

.064 -----aO---’------do ----- 3

1,2ga 106CI

.---+ o----- 3. 12’p 1.170s‘Failuretypes Identifiedti figs.6 b 8.

-—

.NATIOML ADVIB3RX

cOMMITTEEFOR AmmMJTIcs

—.

12 NACA TN No, 1205

mm 3 - Caacludet

TE2T222ULTS. RIVETD~, 3/16IMX.- CWCIIXLA,

Tenalon sheer

2heet APPMbal TyJ4of Mesimm APs@alliokaom

m Or YieldimrOm

kimmfamm lmd before fai lure Ic#d

teat(w.)

per rivet *’C(a) (lb) (a)

per rivet par rivet(lb) (lb)

mmt W, 3/8h.0.020 LCM2 1 b $ I.0=0 -aO- 1 1 ?%.020 a-r-w 1 lbg -dO-

?-21

.020 1 @o3k3 343

.032 2atiara0+.cxy1 X0 htiafmtcay 1

.052 ----*---- 1,Q 250m @3....+...--. 1

.09 1530

393 ...-*-...- 1 570 %.Oti &tlmf@.cmy 1 w .-..~~..--- 1 ‘r%) 7s’3.040 -----dO----- 1,’2 tig - ...+....-..Oti

1. ~y-----ao----- 1

760>m _.-*o---- 1 750 760

.051 -----&----- 2 -...*---- . 1,2 loyJ

.051 -----60----- 2 g -...*----. Dnl; 1o49

.031 -----AO----- 2 --.. *o-.... :,2 945 My

.064 -----Ao----- 2 ‘%5 ----* ----- 3

.0641o75 U&

‘in..... ..... 1,2.064

913 -----f10----- U35-----b----- l,Q 949 -----AO----- : 1o35 IJ.45

.0% -----dO----- 2 1070 ----* ----- 3

.Oal -----AO----- 1,21260 13k5

1.220 -----AO----- 3.08J. -----dO----- 1,2 11P -----10 ----- 3 E; :;

.102 ..... ..... 2

.I.02 do----- . . . . . 2 $j ==:::: ; g g.

.Im . ...*-.... 2

.* Short 2 m5J% --&- 2 140

Jv ~= :g g

. M --dO- 2

RITetlength,~/& b.

0.020 Lg2 1 Lg.2 1.lm 1 $

m1

.02Q -&-z

1 145 -do-w

1 310 310

.032 -d.O- 1 95 40- 1 6U

.032 -&- 1 -AO- 2

.09 -&- 1 ?2 -10- .: ?% 702

.0-64 2at10f80t0ry 2 837 &ti8fa0tQry L1.co lax

.Oa w 1 I.in ...-+...--.

.06bk: .

Satisfaekry 2 79 ....4.-.... 3 3.%.064

1200.....&-_-- 1o60

.064 ....*o----- : 1393 ?%

.Oa -----AO----- 2 1150 -----do----- 3 3JM

.Om -----dO---- 2 ....+.--.-. 3 ;$

.081 -..-+-... . 2 lm -----dO----- 3 I.lm

.O$n -----dO----- 2 1550 -----&----- 3 K)’(O WO

.091 -----&----- 1,2 13P -----dO-----

.091 -----&----- 2 1400 -----&0----- ; z 35

.lc?? Lb----- ----- 2 11$0 -----AO ----- 3

.I.a?llso U&

-----dO----- 2 -----aO----:% -----AO-----

3.I.oQ -----AO----- 2 3.1o2

z40...- ..... 3 U%I %

.3 ----* ----- 3 21b -----AO----- “3 -

.12y -.._&---- 2 ---- ----- % g?

.lq -----60----- 3 :$ -----dO----- ?

.125 -----dO----- 2

.s25 -----AO----- 2 J’9@

.K5 -----Ao----- 2 2195

.@ Short 2&1s short UMO Eao

.156 --&- 2 --&- : 1345J% --dO- 2 @3 --8G- 3 1150 125nJ% ,.*. 3 ~.1s6 --aO- 3 llm.=llUIW typeBiaemtifiadinfi~ . 6 to 8.

HAkIoriAI#AmtEaRYmm m AmmAmcs

4

,

.

.-.

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 1

.

,

.

,

“r’07

NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMIITEE ‘FM AERWAUTKS

Figure 1.- Tensile specimen.

.

Fig. 2

.

NACA TN No. 1205

T’*7

NATIONALCOMMITTEEFORAERONAUTICS

Ffgwe 2.- Sheur specimen.

.

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 3

.

Ii

.

.

1- Able pr6porot10n und rivet 2- /?{vet before driving

3 -R’’vet offer driving 4-Rivet ufter milling

NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEEFORAERONAUTICS

,.

Figure 3.- NACA flush -rivethg procedure.

.

Fig. 4

.

NACA TN No. 1205*

NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEEFOR

~lgwe 4.- Fixtures ;yd~speclmen.

AERONAUTICS

for temt%e

.

.

,

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 5

.

.

.

,

.

.

,

+

\ Optlculmicrometers

NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEEFORAERONAUTICS

Figure 5.- Method of measuring slip h sheur -tests.

.

,

Fig. 6 NACA TN No. 12051

.

.

.

.

figure6.- Type 1 failure; countersd head pulls, through sheet.

HATIOIIAI,ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERORAUTrcnLMOLEY MEMORIAL ACBOIIAUTICALLABORATORY- LkMaL~I ?l~LDo VA.

NACA TNs No. 12X35 Fig. 7. ●

,

.

...-—.-- T--m. t---- .. . :: . . .. —-.= .-:-

——., .,.-. -—-

~~,-. .:—

u

.

.

.

Figure 7--- Type 2 faihme; countersunk head shears off.

HAT IOIIAL ADVISOIY COMMITTEB FOR AE~ORAUTICSIAROLET MXMOUAL AXIOIIAUTICALLABORATORY- LAY,LXZ FIELD. VA.

Fig, 8 . NACA TN No. 1205 .

Sk 2--- . ...4

.

,

~,~- ~ -k .-.,-4..,,-...... .*=+. -.,

Figure 8.- Type 3 failure;rivet fails in shank.#

XATIORAL ADTISOSY COMMI?TEI FOR AX~OllAUTICSLAHOLH MZMOBIAL AEXOIIAW?XCALLABOEATOBY - LAHOLET rIELD, 7A.

.

.

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 9

~i?

Sheet

F4 i’hicknas,

JVip, 4 percent rivet dium.1/7.

0020

0

.igvz“:’PQrmunQnt dip,

r ‘“-”.08/

F— .-

t I .-

K ’02’“-in.

FigurQ 9.- Lood-shp curves fir age-haro’end

countersunk h 75 S-7 sheet.

NArwul. MVISWY

Calnllm Fa AcMIAuTics

/7S-7 rivers muc~it7e -

Rivet o’iomete< &inch.

Fig. 10 NACA TN NO. 1205 .

length, in.

/3

~ p$lp, 4 percent rivet dium.l-\

—.

o

in.

0.020 ._ —.-

L

‘ .032

0

Imr

o

—.

,040

.

. 05/

-..

.064

pool+Permanent slip, in.

NATIONALAnvlsawConm-lE!m Amwmcs

Figure /0. - Load-s/@ curws for ogQ -horgbned 173-T” riveti mac”hine -

coun Tersunk in 75 S-T sheet Rive t diameter, # inch.

,

.

●

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 10 COllC.

Rivet

*

.

/5 LwQtthickne~

in.

O.odl

.-.—

—

’001f- r-k- 0==o 1,

moo

I f-’---rr.

pool+Pa-manen? slip, in.

N~lCUU ADVL5QQYCawll?l!.1 m ~Ks

Figure /0. - ConcAdad.

.102

..-— — ---

. /25

-. ..—

.156

..—.

—.—

Fig. 11 NACA TN NO. 1205 .

l-.

1

0

/000

o

/000F

I

lwo–

0,,’

in.,,.—

0.020

.032

.-

— .: ,.- ._

.040

,

—

..=: ‘-==

.05/

.064

Fool--lPertnunent sliD, in NATIONAL ADVISORY

.. .

,cOMMlllSS F(4 ASSOMAUTICS

Figure /1. - .Load-s/ip curves for age -Lwrdened (7S-7 rivets machine- ‘ ,coun fersunk in 75S-7 sheef. Rii2t diffn7QfeC + inch. - - ‘ ‘-

-:1

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 11 cone..

. ~ Sheet ‘- “

thickness, -

in. ‘––

0.08/

0-.

/ooa-

rlr uI0bo.ofd

I INATIONAL ADVISORY

Permanent shp, if?. ‘“’n” ‘“ “~”.

.09/

.-.—. —

.-.—

./02

..—.—

. /25

,/56

...-—— —

—

Figure /1 - Concluaba!

Fig. 12 NACA TN No. 1205 .

2000 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I I

/600

1200

800

0

400 0

0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I t I I

.——

2000 I I I I I I I I I I I I IApproisu/ bQfore ~est -

D Rivet too long/600 o Pive t satisfuc tory –

O Riwt foo shortr 7

. ~ /200 a

\

X 800@

& -*cl 400 — Max. Iomi —

% —-X—— Yield load

Lllllll 1111111 1111111, lllll]lli‘o .02 .04 “.(I3 .08 .10 .12 .14 ./6

Sheet thickness, in. .AT,ONAL,,,,,.,,COHMlllEF(MAERONAUTICS

(o) l?ivet leng~h, $ inch.

F~we /2. - TQst results for oge - harobned 17$-T rivets

machine - cow?~rsunk in 75$-T sheet. Rivei

diwwt@r, $ inch.

—

b

NACA TN No. 1205

2000 I t 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I

/600

/200

o

800 u

400 !3

o I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I

Fig. 12cone.

I 1 1 I I I I 1~

8

I I [ I I I I I I

2000 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I

Appraisal before fat -

~ Rivet too long/600 o I?ivet sotisfac~ory –

O Rivet too short

t- 1 I I I —-M—— Yield load ]

I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I i I I I lld)d.02 .04 .(X5 .08 .10 .12 .14 .16

Figure /2. -

(w

Cone/ded

thickness, in. NATIONAL ADVISORY –COHMITTEEFORAERONAUTICS

----

—.-

.

Fig. 13a NACA TN No. 1205 *

2003 1 t I t I I I I 1 I I [ 1 I I I I I I I I I I I

~

- 1600~ o

‘\L

& 1200 vQ’ _ .-~6

#“”---’ -

,.. . ,.’~ doo ,.~ 0,.”’

@

“$ 400 ve

o

0

0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I

.

2000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I

A@-oiso/ befor~ tQst -

0 Rivet too long/600 o R;ve t siatisfac tory –

o R;vet too short

1200

0

800--- --------- 4),——. ___ _. -X

400 —---- Max. hod —tv’

–+–– YiQla’ load

00 ‘ 1 1 I I 1 I I I I i I I 1 t I 1 1 l.llllll!-.02 .04 .06 .08 ./0 .12 .14 .16

Sheef thickness, in. .AT,ONti.DV,,ORYCOUf4111SEWAAESOSAUTKS

Figure /3. - TQS+ results for age- haro’~nd 173-T riw~s

machin~ - coun f%rsvnk in 75S -T she~ f. Rive?

didnwter, 3$ inch.

----.

‘4

.-

,

.

NACA TN No. 1205

zom~

/600

1200

800

400

.d#-

0 I I I I I I

‘Fig. 13b

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

80 ----.--------- --

0 0

.

7

I I I 1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I

2000 - I 1 I I I I I I I 1 I I iAppraisal lwfore test -

a Rivet too long/600 o Pivet satisfac Yory –

o /?iVQttoo short

QQl 400 I ‘– ~OX. load

% —+——F ~Yield load

00 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 1 {.02 .04 .06 Bd ./0 .12 ./4 .i6

Sheet ?77ickmus, in. NATIONAL ADVISORYCOHMITTEEFM AERONAUTICS

(b) ~iv~~ length, ~ inch. . - ‘- :

Fiqure /3. --Con tinuecI’. -.

13C NACA TN No. 1205

2000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I 1

/600------

-- ..:.*0 .=...

/200 ‘.

““’.8_o.

800

400 /

-.-..

0’ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1 I 1 I

2000 “ I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Appraisol before test -

Q Rivet too long/600 o /?ivet satisfoc tory –

o Rivet too short

/200

laB

--------D B_ ::-2-z-~-------&-

800—— ————

,’/x- x 1- --x/’/

,~ /0,’/

400 #u/ —– Max. bud ——+—— Yield load

tllllll illllll 1111111 l,llll!lllll00 .02 ,04 .06 .08 .10 ./2 ./4 ./6

sheet thickness, in. NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEEFM AERONAUTICS

.

.

.

Flgwe /3. - Contit7ued,

NACA TN No. 1205

2oooP-

& /200

Q“ Pu\8 800

F

2000

/600

/200E

800. L-4001=

OOL.(

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

00

8’00 /It

/’,//

/’ 3❑ ,. 3 #

..”

~-- - B---R

I I I 1 I I 1 I I 1 I I I I I

Fig. 13d

I 1 I I I I

;------ --.__-g-

1 I 1 I I I

1 I I I I I I I I I

Appraise/ before test -

❑ I?ivet too long~ -- A’ive t safisfac f ory –O RivQi too shori

.

---- .&____ ~-–~ ‘ 2_ _~_. -–~-------- -----

,, __%—— —/ x-——,’/

//

- hX. bad —,/—-M—— Yield load

I I I 1 I I 111111 [11111111 [11111

?2 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12 ./4 .16

Sheef thickness, in. NATIONAL AWtSORY

COMMIT(EE F@ AERONAUTICS

(W

Figure /3. - Continued

Rivet Imgfh, ,; inch.—

i--

Fig. 13e NACA TN No. 1205

20004 I I I I I I { I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

*

+- /600 -g @ o.~. --“\L a .0.“ o 8-

Cy$ /200 J

%/’,

,T’

> 600

2,1~m n

// ❑

*o“~

r’/“g 400

//i-

* ..&””” “nB--”’ ““ ~----

0 I I I I I I I I i 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I

—----.

\

,

($heef thickness, in. NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEEFORAERONAUTICS

(e) Qive+ length, $ inch.

Figure /3. - b/’?ciud@i?’. -- ‘ . . ‘“——

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 14a

I

2000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Appra&/ b~fore tQst -

n /?ivet too long/600 o Pivet sotisfac tory – .

0 Rivet too shortg.\L~ /200 w

$

..------- -— -----K >

B\

800*

\—-x

$ . 4

Q! 400 —.

s 6 —+——

I I 1 I 1 I I 1 I I I ! I 1 I I I ! 1 1 1 ~

00I I I

.02 .04 .Cw .08 .10 .12 ./4 .16

Max I’h7d

<Yield load

-—

Sheet ?hickness, in.----

NATIONAL ADVISORY~MHIm FM MWNA~Ks

F@ure /4. - T%sf results for uge - hordQnai /7~-~ riw?.s

machine -coti;tersunk in 75S -T she~ t. Rivet

c/iomff %r‘ Izinch.

Fig. 14b NACA TN No. 1205

2000 1 I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 1 I

* ,

<- /600

0011 1 1

u1 I 1 I I

/5/0

0

s 400

e

o I I I

2000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Appraisol before test -

n ~iVQt too long/600‘ o Rivet satisfaciory –

O RIWt h short

600

400 “ u —--)’%1 loud —

–+––- -Yield load

00 ‘ I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I Idlllllll, ,-l.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12 .T4 ./6

Shed thickness, in. .AT,ONAL~Dv,~ORyCOMMITTEEFM AERONAUTICS

(b) Qivet /engfh, ,% inch.

F~ure /4. - Continued.

.

.

.

.

●

NACA TN No. i205

2000 I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 I I I 1 I 1

+

/600

/200

800 {

400 u A

H“’‘?’

.,”-“

0 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I I

Fig. 14c

I I 1 I I I 1 I I

o

.-$0

#---

.~”-/

0

1.

I I I I 1 I I I

I2000 i I I I I I I I I I I I I

Appraise/ before test -

u Rivet too long/600 o Pive t Satisfac tory –

O /?ivQt too short3

-------1200“ ~ ~ “--8

_—— -———

800

,/

400 —--- Max. I’ocd —

Ill! 1111111 1111111 lllllllllllllli00 .02 .04 .0s .08 .10 .12 ./4 ./6

—

—

.

Shee~ ~hicknes~, in. NATIONAL ADVISORYCOHMlllEE FM AERONAUTICS

.- -—

(c) /?iv@ Imgth,..

#in ch. .—

—

Fig. 14d NACA TN No. 1205

0oz ---------

2000\

I I I I I i I I I I I f 1 I I I I i I I I I “*

o-

~

- /600$

0 wo

“\L

& 1200“ nQ’ _

,i/’.’

j 800/’/’

Y,~

~/“”

,/

“g 400,,~

.

t-?0.0’.,’

.“OH

o I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I 1 I I I I I I

Shed fhickmss, in. NATiONAL ADVISORYCOMMITFEE FOR.AERONAUTICS

.

.

.—

t

—

F/gure /4. - Concluded.,

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 15 _.

1

t

I

,

0’ I I I I I

2000I I I I I I

/600“

i

.——— ..—

[‘o

I I I I I 1.02 .04 .06 .08 .10 .12 ./4 .); “-

Sheet thickness, in.

NATIONAL AOVISORYCOMMITTEE~ AIROMAUTKS “

Figure /5. - Stref?qfh of oqe-hcvd~ned. ~7S-T riv~ ts mo- .—chine - countersunk in 753--T sheet, with Iengihs ‘“ ‘-” -

su+isfac tory for f]tishhQss. ~ive~ diameter, ~ inch

Fig. 16 NACA TN No. 1205 t

800 — +$+

400 —

0 I I I I I I I

2000I I I I

“’t-i-i

/600— E&--l

+$+

/200— +%+

I I t I t I I I )00 .02 .04 .@ .08 .10 .12 .& .)6

~he@Y ?hickms.s, in.

NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMHITTSS ~ AERONAUTICS

F@ure 16. - Strength of age-burdened /73-7 rivets nw -

chine- countersunk in 75 S -T sheet, with leng~hssatjsfuc tory for flu.shness. Rivet diumete< # inch.

—

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 17

200(

160(

120(

80(

40(

(

- H-1-./

z I I I I I I I

1600

/200

I

j5_16 ---1

I--i

—..——.. 4

NATIONAL ADVISORYCOMMITTEE FOB AERONAWK5

0’ I Io .02 .04 .06 .08 ./0 .1/? .14” ““

Sheer tkknes.s, in.

Figure /Z - Strength of age-burdened /7S-7 rivets ma-

chine - countersunk in 75 S –T sheet, with lengths

satisfactory for ffu.shness. Riv~t diume~e~ ,+ inch.

—-

— —.——s ..

-—

NACA TN No. 1X)5

/2- 1 I I I / I I

/9

+ ‘~~” ““ “-

~-y ‘~ /4 ~

.

>

+ 3/3

o I I I I 1. I Jo ..04 .08 .12 ./6 .20 .24 .28 .3’

Figure ~8, - Limiting combinations of rivet /Qngthand grJ.o length for age-hardened /73- Trive ?s mffchine- coun iersunk in 7SS- 7 shee L

‘1

.—

I

NACA TN No. 1205 Fig. 19

2m I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I 1

/600

3E

/200 -__ ——- -— ~:

32-

800 — ——-—— -——————-——-—

/.-——- --F

400 — MUX. load —---- Yield” load

1 f 1 i 1 [ 1 t I 1 I I 1 I I I 1 I 1 1.04 .06 .08 .10 .12 ./4 ./6

—.

Sheet thickness, in. ~AT,oNAL~Dv,~o,y.:

figure /L?- S )%ngth of

ch jne-coun~ers unkof buck to a’iume ter in fhe optimum range,

-.

between 09 ond /.5.

COMMITTEE ~ AERONAtilCS

age-hura!en,d /7.3-T rjveta )nu-in 75 S-7 sheet, with a ratio