ALUMINIUM

(Processing, Properties and Applications)

METALLIC MATERIALSPRESENTED BY:

COOPER KOLLIE LACKAY (40447) MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

LECTURER : DR. A. R. ADETUNJIDATE : February 2, 2017

AFRICAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Outlines INTRODUCTION

PRODUCTION

PROCESSING

PROPERTIES

APPLICATION

ALUMINIUM AND RECYCLING

CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTIONAluminium  is an element in the boron group with symbol Al and atomic number 13

Aluminium is so called because it is a base of “alum,” which in turn is derived from the Latin for “bitter salt.”

Aluminium is the second most plentiful metallic element on earth; an estimated 8.3% of the earth crust is composed of aluminium.

Aluminium was once considered to be a precious metal, more valuable even than gold. It is said that Napoleon III, Emperor of France once gave a banquet where the most honored guest were given aluminium cutlery, while everyone else had gold

INTRODUCTIONFormally aluminium was produced for the first time in 1824 and it took people another fifty years to learn to produce it on an industrial scale.It is written as Al, has a melting temperature of 660.3 °C and FCC crystal structure.The appearance of aluminum ranges from silver to dull grey

THE COLOR OF ALUMINUM RANGE FROM SILVER TO DULL GREY

Aluminium Production

Sourced from bauxite ore, the material is refined into aluminium oxide trihydrate (alumina) using the Bayer process, and then reduced via a smelting process into metallic aluminium

Up to four tons of bauxite are needed to produce one ton of aluminium metal

Once formed, aluminium is alloyed with other materials, usually iron, silicon, zinc, copper and magnesium, to create metals with different properties

The type of alloy is designated with a serial number

For example, 1,000 series alloys comprise almost pure aluminium, while 7,000 series denote a zinc alloy

ALUMINUM PRODUCTION

Bayer process

PROCESSING OF ALUMINUM Extrusion

Casting

Rolling

Extrusion: A solid aluminium cylinder called a billet (available in a variety of alloys, pretreatments and dimensions), is heated and squeezed through a die with a shaped opening to create a desired profile. Extrusions are widely used in construction, road and rail applications.

   

 

Aluminum bars of different sizes and with varying anchoring options (Mecalux, S.A 2ooo)

Processing of Aluminum Casting: Using either sand casting or die casting

techniques, the aluminium is shaped according to a mold

Aluminum Green Sand Foundry Aluminum and copper base alloys are produced in the cold chamber machine

Rolling: Aluminium passes through a hot-rolling mill and is then transferred to a cold-rolling mill, which can gradually reduce the thickness of the metal down to as low as 0.05 mm. Rolled products are categorized as either foil (less than 0.2 mm thick), sheet (0.2-6 mm), or plate (thicker than 6 mm).

  

Processing of Aluminum

An aluminum fabricator may need to be skilled cutting and welding using an oxyfuel torch.(Cavallaris, 2002)

Properties of Aluminum

Lightness: Its specific weight is 2.7 g/cm3, which is one-third that of steel.

Non – toxic Good Strength: Corrosion-resistance due aluminum oxide formation Good Conductivity of heat and electricity   Highly Ductile Highly Reflective Impermeable and odorless  Recyclability

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APPLICATIONS The application of aluminum are numerous.

Ranging from aluminum foil for food packaging and easy open aluminum cans for beverages to the structural members of the aircraft in which we travel.

Applications of aluminum It is used for making electrical wires.

Aluminum is widely used in food packing and cooking pots.

It is used in mirrors and other decorative architectural components

Aluminum is also used in making windows, doors and roofs of factories.

House hold and consumer items such as utensils.

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Aluminium can be recycling by which scrap aluminium  can be reused in products after its initial production

Recycling scrap aluminium requires only 5% of the energy used to make new aluminium

  It is possible to recycle and resell a discarded aluminium can

in just 60 days.

For this reason, approximately 31% of all aluminium produced in the United States comes from recycled scrap.

 

 

Aluminium And Recycling

The versatility of aluminium makes it the most widely used metal after steel.

Aluminium And Recycling Fully recyclable with no downgrading of quality,

aluminium is the most cost-effective material to recycle.

In fact, 75% of the aluminium produced since its discovery is still in use today.

Using aluminium, industries can attain their overall recycling targets.

In parallel, the aluminium industry is also constantly developing and refining its recycling processes.

Recycling of Aluminium

Conclusion Aluminum are numerous and diverse, serving very

crucial roles in our daily life

It is readily available and quite cheap and more of its

alloys are being developed because of its desirable

properties.

It is by nature a metal we cannot do without and

researches are still on going in this field.

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Harvard University Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 0-674-89137-6.

Cameron, A. G. W. (1957). Stellar Evolution, Nuclear Astrophysics, and Nucleogenesis (PDF) (2nd ed.). Atomic Energy of Canada.

Abundance in the Universe for all the elements in the Periodic Table. Periodictable.com. Retrieved on 30 July 2016.

Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 217. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.

Barthelme, D. "Aluminum Mineral Data". Mineralogy Database. Archivedfrom the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2008.

Chen, Z.; Huang, Chi-Yue; Zhao, Meixun; Yan, Wen; Chien, Chih-Wei; Chen, Muhong; Yang, Huaping; Machiyama, Hideaki; Lin, Saulwood (2011). "South China Sea". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 40 (1): 363–370

 Bibcode:2011JAESc..40..363C. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.06.006. Guilbert, J. F.; Park, C. F. (1986). The Geology of Ore Deposits. W. H.

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