Aluminium

1. 56% growth in aluminium production in the last 10 years

2. 40% of production in OECD, 2004

3. High trade - 75% of production traded

4. Highly concentrated - Top ten companies account for 54% of production

5. International Aluminium Institute - 99% of global capacity

Aluminium emissions1. 0.9% (estimated) of total anthropogenic GHG emissions

2. Two production routes – primary & secondary

3. Emissions sources (smelting stage, 80% of primary Aluminum emissions)

– electricity: 0–11.9 tonnes of CO2 per tonne of aluminium

– process PFC: 1.8– process CO2: 2.2– Other: 0.3

4. Recent progress– recycling (secondary production) increasing– electricity use: 6% reduction 1990-2003– PFCs emissions: 73% reduction 1990-2003

Primary and secondary aluminium, production and emissions intensity

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Primary production Secondary production

Production (Mt)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Emissions Intensity (t CO2/t Al)

production emissions intensity

386 Mt CO2 eq.

5 Mt CO2 eq.

Primary aluminium electricity use and emissions by region, 2003

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

Latin America Europe North America Africa Asia Aus/NZ

kWh/t Al

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

20,000

t CO2/ t AlElectric power use Electricity emissions Process

1. Adoption of Point Feeder Prebake Cells, current Best Available Technology (9–13% reduction)

2. Future– wetted drained cathodes (10-25% reduction)– inert anodes (additional 15% reduction)– carbothermic and kaolinite processes (2–6%

reduction)

Scope for Progress in Aluminium