ALTERNATIVES TO H 1B - Seattle University School … - 01 - Spring...O/P Extraordinary Ability,...

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ALTERNATIVES TO H1B Lisa Ellis Ellis Immigration Law LLC, Seattle Tifani Parrilli Parrilli Renison LLC, Portland A few types of visas for H1B contingency planning: Training visas Visas tailored to occupation and/or nationality Visa requiring very high skill level File for PR Directly wo NIV 2018 NW Regional Immigration Law Conference Business Track, Session 6 Alternatives to H-1B/L-1 March 15-16, 2018 Page 1 of 12

Transcript of ALTERNATIVES TO H 1B - Seattle University School … - 01 - Spring...O/P Extraordinary Ability,...

Page 1: ALTERNATIVES TO H 1B - Seattle University School … - 01 - Spring...O/P Extraordinary Ability, Athletes, Entertainers O‐1A Extraordinary Ability in the sciences, arts, education,

ALTERNATIVES TO H‐1B

Lisa Ellis

Ellis Immigration Law LLC, Seattle

Tifani Parrilli

Parrilli Renison LLC, Portland

A few types of visas for H‐1B contingency planning:

• Training visas• Visas tailored to 

occupation and/or nationality

• Visa requiring very high skill level

• File for PR Directly wo NIV

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 6 Alternatives to H-1B/L-1

March 15-16, 2018 Page 1 of 12

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B‐1 Business “Visitor”

• Clear intent to continue foreign residence• US entry temporary• Further international commerce or business• Payment to B-1 should generally be abroad•Services performed are not ones which US worker would need to be hired for/not inherently part of US labor market and are not primarily benefiting US entity

•Visa or VW?

Authorized B‐1 activities 9 FAM 402.2

• Negotiating contract, litigation, consulting with clients or business associate 

• B‐1 in lieu of H‐1• B‐1 in lieu of J‐1• B‐1 in lieu of H‐3• B‐1 in lieu of R‐1• Personal/domestic servants of USCs temporarily assigned to 

US• Professional athletes who receive no salary, only tournament 

money• Alien member of BOD of US corporation coming for a board 

meeting• Alien coming to install equipment pursuant to a contract of 

sale

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E‐3 Specialty Occupation

• Limited to Australian Professionals• Specialty Occupation.  9 FAM 402.9‐8(E)

– Theoretical and practical application of knowledge– B.A. or higher

• Other requirements– LCA (and not re‐used from H‐1B)– Professional licensing, if required– Level of expertise – Job itself qualifies– Intent to depart

• Work for any employer• Not limited to employment for trade and investment• Valid for 24 months and renewable indefinitely• E‐3D – Spouse can work     

E‐3 and H‐1B side‐by‐side courtesy of http://newyork.consulate.gov.au/nycg/E3Visa.html

E-3 Visa H-1B VisaAvailable for temporary entry to 

work in a “specialty occupation” – ie requiring a tertiary educational 

qualification

Available for temporary entry to work in a “specialty occupation” – ie 

requiring a tertiary educational qualification

Requires US employer to sponsor Requires US employer to sponsor

Available only to Australians (10,500 per fiscal year)

Available to all nationalities (65,000 per fiscal year)

Spouses (who do not have to be Australian citizens) are entitled to 

work in the US

Generally spouses are not entitled to work in the US, except in certain 

circumstancesCan be renewed indefinitely (in two‐

year increments)Generally valid for a maximum of six 

years

The sponsoring employer must file a Labor Condition Application (LCA) with the US Department of Labor

The sponsoring employer must file a Labor Condition Application (LCA) with the US Department of Labor and an I‐129 Petition with US Citizenship and Immigration 

Services (USCIS)

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 6 Alternatives to H-1B/L-1

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H‐1B1 Specialty Occupation (Chile and Singapore)

Requirements identical to“specialty occupation” professional under the H‐1B category, except alternate credentials allowed in the occupations of:‐ Disaster Relief Claims Adjuster‐ Management Consultant‐ Agricultural Managers (Chile only)‐ Physical Therapists (Chile only)9 FAM 402.10‐5(E) www.dol.gov/whd/immigration/h1b1.htm

H‐1B1 Not a Duck

• 6,800 available H1B1 visas each fiscal year (1,400 from Chile and 5,400 from Singapore)• No I‐129 Petition required unless C/S, E/S, COE• Requires LCA annotated as “H‐1B1 Chile” or “H‐1B1 Singapore”• Requires the I‐129 FT Supplement• No $500 Fraud Fee required• Issued in 1 year increments, no 6 year limit

• Portability NOT applicable•  Presumption of immigrant status

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H‐2B Temporary Non‐Agricultural EmploymentBrief Checklist• Beneficiary is citizen of eligible country.  See USCIS.gov H‐2B page • H‐2B visa number available.  See Cap Count at https://www.uscis.gov/working‐united‐

states/temporary‐workers/h‐2b‐non‐agricultural‐workers/cap‐count‐h‐2b‐nonimmigrants

• Offer of full‐time employment– Includes training others– Includes setting up a business– Professional, skilled, or unskilled– DOL uses O*NET to determine if requirements for job are “normal”– Does not include permanent employment

• Temporary Need types and validity:– One‐time occurrence: up to 3 years– Seasonal: up to 1 year– Peakload:  up to 1 year– Intermittent: up to 1 year

• Prevailing Wage Determination ETA 9141• Certified ETA 9142 temporary labor certification with SWA job order

H‐2B Calendaring

– File prevailing wage• up to 1 year in advance• valid at time of job order posting

– Register with DOL – 150‐120 days before date of need.  (20 CFR § 655.11)– Concurrently submit job order and temp Labor Certificate w/ supporting 

docs‐ 90‐75 days before date of need (20 CFR § 655.16)– Recruitment (20 CFR § 655.40)

• Complete within 14 days of Notice of Acceptance• Accept U.S. worker referrals/applications until 21 days before date of need• Standard: no willing, able and qualified U.S. workers available • Advertising requirements(20 C.F.R. § 655.41‐42)

– Newspaper – 2 ads including 1 Sunday – Contacts to former U.S. workers, if applicable– Post job in conspicuous location– Additional recruitment by CO

– Recruitment Report• Employer signs on date of acceptance

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H‐3 Nonimmigrant Trainee• Proposed training not available in home country• Beneficiary will not be placed in position which is in the normal operation of the business and in which citizens and resident workers are regularly employed 

• Beneficiary will not engage in productive employment unless such employment is incidental and necessary to the training

• Training will benefit the beneficiary in pursuing a career outside the US

A Training Program may not be approved if it: • Deals in generalities with no fixed schedule, objectives, or means of 

evaluation; • Is incompatible with the nature of the petitioner's business or 

enterprise; • Beneficiary already possesses substantial training and expertise in the 

proposed field of training; • Is in a field in which it is unlikely that the knowledge or skill will be 

used outside the US• Will result in productive employment beyond that which is incidental 

and necessary to the training; • Is designed to recruit and train aliens for the ultimate staffing of 

domestic operations in the US; • Does not establish that the petitioner has the physical plant and 

sufficiently trained manpower to provide the training specified; or • Is designed to extend the total allowable period of practical training 

previously authorized a nonimmigrant student. 

8 CFR §214.2(h)(7)

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H‐3 Notes:

• Period of Stay:  up to 2 years (up to 18 months for special education exchange visitor, regs allow for 50 spec ed visas per year)

• No E/S, C/S, or readmission to H or L after the 2 years, unless physically present outside of US for 6 months.

• Approval of PERM labor certification is grounds for denial of E/S.

• Multiple beneficiaries allowed if same training duties and same dates

• B‐1 may be available for training program if beneficiary receives remuneration abroad

J‐1 trainee requirements

Trainee, Training, and Training Plan:– B.A.; professional certificate + 1 year work exp. outside U.S. or 5 years work exp. outside U.S.

– At least 21 yrs old with residence abroad

– Fluent in English with sufficient funds

– Training objective is learning and cultural

– Adequate supervision

– Trainee to attain skills without displacing U.S. workers

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212(e) requirement and J Waivers9 FAM 402.5(L)

• When it may apply– Government funding

– Skills List

– Graduate medical education or training

• Grounds for 212(e) waiver– No objection

– Conrad 30

– Exceptional Hardship

– Interested State Agency

O/P Extraordinary Ability, Athletes, Entertainers

O‐1A Extraordinary Ability in the sciences, arts, education, business or athletics which has been demonstrated by sustained national or international acclaim O‐1B Demonstrated record of extraordinary achievement in the motion picture or television industryO‐2 Persons accompanying or assisting an O‐1 artist or athlete for a specific event or events O‐3  Accompanying spouses and children.  No employment.

8 CFR §214.2(o)(l)(i)

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Athletes, Entertainers, Culturally Unique Artists

P‐1 Internationally recognized athletes and group entertainers 

P‐2 Artist/Entertainers as part of Reciprocal Exchange Program 

P‐3 Artist/Entertainer in Culturally Unique Program

P‐4 Accompanying spouses and children.  No employment.

8 CFR §214.2(p)(1)(i)

O & P Tips:• Do not mix and match criteria from O‐1A, O‐1B Arts, or O‐1B 

MPTV• “Beneficiaries have no grace period after termination” (but see 

8CFR214.1(l), effective 1/17/17)• Negative consultation letter does not prevent approval; it can be 

overcome by evidence• Beneficiary cannot translate their own publications for O‐1 

petitions; they must be "certified" translations• USCIS wants the entire article translated, not just the abstract• Resources:

– VSC National Stakeholder Minutes 9/15/17: AILA Doc. 18011101 – 8/30/17 Open House at the California Service Center (CSC); AILA Doc. 

17051902. (Posted 10/3/17)– Index for I‐129 O and P Consultation Letters 3/14/17: AILA Doc. 16060305– USCIS guidance memorandum entitled Requirements for Agents and 

Sponsors Filing as Petitioners for the O and P Visa Classification; AILA Doc. 09113064 (Dated 11/20/09)

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Agent Petitions• When filing an agent petition, explain the agent relationship.• If the agency relationship does not fall under the categories listed 

in the regulations, explain the relationship to the Service with as much detail as possible.

• If a performer changes agents, no deference will be given to the previous O petition because a new petitioner is a change in circumstances ‐ deference does not apply.

Itineraries/contracts:– Provide all contracts and itineraries for the requested validity 

dates.– USCIS indicated that the contracts/itineraries should contain 

phone numbers, and that they can/will call the venue/employer.

– Itineraries should also contain beneficiary's duties.– If requesting time that starts before contract date or goes 

beyond contract dates, explain why you are requesting such time.

R‐1 Religious Workers

• Valid 501(c)(3) letter for religious organization• Religious denomination (9 FAM § 402.16‐8)• Member of same religious denomination in U.S. for 2 yrs immediately preceding filing

• Types: Non‐minister and minister– R‐1 currently available to both– Religious non‐ministers (professional or non‐professional)

• Vocation• Occupation 

• Duration:  5 years with recapturability– 1 year abroad to re‐enter in R status

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A few key differences between R‐1 ministers and non‐ministers• Minister

– Theological education and ordination, if required by denomination

– Meet ministerial qualifications of church or organization

– Duties must primarily involve activities with rational relationship to religious calling of clergy in the denomination

• Non‐ministers– Position must not be primarily 

administrative or secular– Occupation:  the duties must 

primarily relate to a traditional religious function and be recognized as a religious occupation within the denomination; and the duties must be primarily related to, and must clearly involve, inculcating or carrying out the religious creed and beliefs of the denomination

– Position can involve making a lifetime vow

– EB‐4 only extended to 3/23/18 for non‐ministers

STEM OPT

• 24 month extension for F‐1 STEM students

• Requested through DSO

• Work for E‐verified employer

• Apply on Form I‐765

• Considerations for Cap Gap OPT

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 6 Alternatives to H-1B/L-1

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H‐4 EADOn May 26, 2015, USCIS began accepting I‐765 Applications for certain H‐4 spouses of H‐1B nonimmigrants, where: 

1. H‐1B spouse is the principal beneficiary of an approved Form I‐140, Petition for Alien Worker; or 

2. H‐1B spouse granted status under sections 106(a) and (b) of AC21

• Timing issues•  Tied to H‐1B Spouse status

‐ FAQs on Employment Authorization for Certain H‐4 Dependent Spouses, AILA Doc. 15052062 (2/2/17)‐ Practice Pointer H‐4 EADs AILA Doc. 17042530 (4/25/17)

On December 14, 2017, DHS published an official statement on “Removing H‐4 Dependent Spouses from the Class of Aliens Eligible for Employment Authorization” in the Regulatory Agenda. The intention is to either amend the original rule published for H‐4 EAD Rule in 2015 or to revoke so as to be consistent with the underpinnings in Trump’s “Buy American, Hire American” Executive Order.

QUESTIONS?

2018 NW Regional Immigration Law ConferenceBusiness Track, Session 6 Alternatives to H-1B/L-1

March 15-16, 2018 Page 12 of 12