1. Auto 480 Alternative Fuels Kodie Lewis 4/20/15 2. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Alkaline Fuel Cells Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells Solid Oxide Fuel Cells 3. Operation Applications Advantages Disadvantages 4. Operation Also called the proton exchange membrane fuel cell Uses a solid polymer as an electrolyte and porous carbon electrodes containing a platinum or platinum alloy catalyst They use only hydrogen, oxygen from the air, and water to operate Applications Advantages Disadvantages 5. Operations Applications Backup Power Portable Power Distributed Generation Transportation Specialty Vehicles Advantages Disadvantages 6. Operation Applications Advantages Delivers high power density with low weight and volume Low operating temperature so has quick start up Solid electrolyte reduces corrosion and electrolyte management problems Disadvantage 7. Operation Applications Advantages Disadvantages Platinum catalyst used is expensive Platinum catalyst is extremely sensitive to carbon monoxide poisoning 8. Operation These fuel cells are a subcategory of the PEM fuel cell They are powered by pure methanol that is usually mixed with water and fed to fuel cell Applications Advantages Disadvantages 9. Operation Application The efficiency is low so they are used to power portable applications Advantages Disadvantages 10. Operation Applications Advantages They dont have storage problems because methanol has higher energy density Methanol is easier to transport and supply Disadvantages 11. Operation Application Advantages Disadvantages The efficiency is low 12. Operation It uses a solution of potassium hydroxide in water for its electrolyte It uses a variety of non precious metals as the catalyst Has electrical efficiencies above 60% Applications Advantages Disadvantages 13. Operation Applications Military Space Backup power Transportation Advantages Disadvantages 14. Operation Applications Advantages Wider range of stable materials that can be used to make it Lower operating temperatures so it has a quick startup time Disadvantages 15. Operation Applications Advantages Disadvantages It is easily poisoned by carbon dioxide Its susceptibility to carbon dioxide shortens its operating time Operating time is below 40,000 hours 16. Operation Uses liquid phosphoric acid as electrolyte First fuel cell used commercially Demonstrated 40% electrical efficiencies Applications Advantages Disadvantages 17. Operation Applications Distributed Generation Larger vehicles Advantages Disadvantages 18. Operation Applications Advantages Much more tolerant to the impurities in the fossil fuels used to power it It can be 85% efficient when used for co- generation of electricity and heat Disadvantages 19. Operation Applications Advantages Disadvantages Less powerful then other fuel cells if they have the same weight and volume Larger and heavier than other fuel cells Sensitive to sulfur Slower startup time 20. Operation They use a molten carbonate salt mixture They operate at really high temperatures so they can use non precious metals as catalysts Have electrical efficiencies around 50% Applications Advantages Disadvantages 21. Operation Applications Electric Utility Distributed Generation Advantages Disadvantages 22. Operation Applications Advantages Flexible on the type of fuels that can be used Has high efficiency when used to produce power Does not need a external reformer Disadvantages 23. Operation Applications Advantages Disadvantages Low durability of the fuel cell Low power density Long startup time 24. Operation Uses hard non porous ceramic compound as the electrolyte Operate at very high temperatures Efficiencies around 60% Applications Advantages Disadvantages 25. Operation Applications Auxiliary power Electric Utility Distributed generation Advantages Disadvantages 26. Operation Applications Advantages Very efficient at converting fuel to electricity Are most sulfur resistant and are not poisoned by carbon monoxide High temperatures allows it to reform fuels internally Disadvantages 27. Operation Applications Advantages Disadvantages High operating temperature makes it need significant thermal shielding to retain heat and to protect the personal Has long startup time High operating temperature affects durability 28. After looking at the fuel cells there are only two fuel cells that are viable for transportation right now and they are the PEM, and AFC Fuels cells could be a good alternative way to power vehicles with some advances