Alternative Feeding Strategies2_1 [Compatibility Mode]

8/7/2019 Alternative Feeding Strategies2_1 [Compatibility Mode]

1/31

Alternative FeedingStrategies

Tim Mize

ANR Agent

Fauquier county


2/31

Why? Late spring/early

summer rains made for

weather damagedand/or mature hays.

Drought-reduced first

What kind of winter will we see?

cu ngs n some areas,second cuttings (?),pasture late spring andsummer, corn yields.

Last winter reducedcarry-over.

High nitrate feeds Keep the cows?

Feed = >60% annual cow cost: 50% of these cost occur in the winter!


3/31

Group livestock by nutritionalrequirements. Most critical period =

calving throughbreeding.

Dry cows have the.

Young livestock are veryefficient at convertingfeed into muscle.

Now is the time to lookat culling underperforming cows.


4/31

Spring calving herds vs. Fallcalving herds Spring

Breeding is over Cow condition (3 Yr)

Calf weights

Fall

Calving Conception rates

Growth to weaning

Winter feed supplies Winter feed supplies


5/31

Decisions, Decisions, Decisions1. Feed the lactating cow and let her

feed the calf.2. Creep feed the calf and minimal feed

.3. Wean and feed calves and dry cows.

4. Sell the calves and feed dry cow.


6/31

Fall calving Spring calvingWhat are your options?

1. Feed hay to make upfor pasture. Buyhay?

2. Limit feed andsupplement with

What are your options?

1. Feed hay to make upfor pasture. Buy hay?

2. Limit feed andsupplement withgrain/byproduct

grain byproduct3. Creep feed

4. Early wean

5.

Make plans forwinter grazing

6. Rent morepasture/crop residue

3. Wean if you havent4. Make plans for

winter grazing

5.

Rent morepasture/crop residue


7/31

Feed hay save pasture Dont open the all the gates. Sacrifice afield. Every drought is followed by a rain.

Over grazing now is going to cost down theroad. Follow normal grazing heightrecommendations.

Calculate amount forage needed/on hand Test the feed value of the hay.

Value the hay crop and feed it accordingly

Dont waste it. Outside storage can result in losses of 20%

Control access.


8/31

Supplement (foragereplacements) Grazing

Grazing is a moving target All of the piedmont pastures seemed to be

affected this summer.

What is the value of harvested feeds? CPor TDN Forage samples have been all over the board.

Corn silage results are very localized.


9/31

Supplementing forHay Quality

Fauquier County forage

samples OG 1st cutting:

CP 13.1%

TDN 61.7%

Mixed hay Fertilized: CP 10.8% OK?

TDN 56.6% 2#SBH

Mixed hay no fertilizer:

CP 8.3% 1.79 pounds P 55.8 % 12.0 pounds TDN

Mixed hay CP 7.1%

TDN 50.6%

Pearl Millet: CP 7.9%

TDN 61.8 %

1200# lactating cowDMI 24.1 Pounds 28 poundsCP 1.9 Pounds (8%) 3.0 (11.%)TDN 12.8 Pounds (53%) 16.9 (61%)

1200# mid-gestation cowDMI 23.3 PoundsCP 1.6 pounds (7.0%)TDN 11.4 pounds (49%)

5 poundsDistillers1.45 pounds

Protein4.45 poundsTDN


10/31

Supplementing Energy Cost should be

the primaryselection criteria.Base it on the

Starches and sugars

are rapidlyfermented.

Feeding at levels of

nutrient sneeded TDN makes up the

largest portion ofthe diet.

> % BW maydecrease forageintake and

digestibility.


11/31

Effect of increasing corn on hay intakeand digestibility

Corn, lbs/day

None 2.2 4.4 6.6

Hay DMI, lbsTotal DMI, lbs

DOMI, lbsHay OM Digest, %

19.320.9

7.536.5

18.021.1

8.435.1

14.118.6

7.123.6

11.217.2

7.318.9

JAS 65:557


12/31


13/31

Supplementing Protein NormallyCP

adequate for maturecows.

Lactation and growth

By products that

are high in CP andTDN. Wheat midds

raises demand. Usually if protein

needs to be

supplemented,energy will need tobe also

Brewers/distillers Commodity pellets


14/31

Limit feed (substituting grain forhay)

Requires secure facilities.

The most deficient and expensive nutrientis energy.

.(1/2 pound hay per 100 pounds BW)

Lactating cows can require 30% more feed.

Provide plenty of bunk space.


15/31

Limit feed/low roughage Most grains can

substitute 1# forevery 2# hay

Slowly adapt to high

concen ra e e s. Minerals- grains are

lower in Ca an higherin phosphorus thanforages.

Urea? Ionophore?


16/31

Limit feeding


17/31

Alternative feeds (by-products)

Hay can be the most expensive feed per

pound of TDN Ingredient for human consumption or use

.

Most cases the starch has been removed.

Remaining components are concentrated.

Processing affects nutrient levels.


18/31

By-products Soy hulls- fiber is highly digestible (good

mix for high forage rations; 1;1 w/corn).

Should not be the only fiber source.Protein is variable. Dont exceed 1%bw.

Corn Gluten- protein and energy

supp ement. g concentrate ets senergy of corn. Can be self fed. >50%ration S problems

Brewers/Distillers Grains-protein andenergy supplement, may be source ofmineral and vitamins. There are limitations.


19/31

By-products Wheat midds-good supplement for grazing.

High in energy and CP. Pelleting willincrease palatability. Contain starch.

-

parts Wheat midds, soy hulls, corn gluten.14-16% CP, highly digestible fiber,palatable.

Whole cottonseed, cottonseed hulls,peanut skins.


20/31

High energy / low starch supplements

Feed CPUIP

% CPTDN

%Starch

%

DDGDBG

30.429

5250

9066

1810.7

SBHCGF

1223.8

2522

7780

625.4

NRC-Beef 2000 updates, PAS16:69-99


21/31

Creep Feeding Reduce roughage

consumptions. Increase ADG by 0.5-

1.0

Will not reduce milkconsumption. The onlyway to lighten the loadon cow is early wean.


22/31

Early Wean Can reduce the cows

demands by >30%.

Can increase conception>10% if done duringbreeding season.

After breedin ; decrease

cows appetite. 3-4 month old calves; can

weaned as early as 65days

The earlier the better ifconditions dictate. Cows willgenerally recover 0.5 to1.5 BCS.


23/31

What about the calf? Health concerns.

Vaccinations, coccidia, worms, implanting.

Keep groups small


24/31

Will they grow?

Calves weaned at 2-5months should weigh at

least as much as whenyou would normallywean.

3 pound gains seen onyoung ca ve on g

grain diets Calves that continue on

high grain dietsthrough slaughter haveheavier finishedweights an carcass

Higher marbling


25/31

Spring calving cows and bodycondition 5-6 is ideal

it takes 75 to 100pounds to move up aBCS

s e ga ns pounday you need 150days minimum.

Thats an extra 333

pounds of corn, $24 If cows are being

pulled down, weanearly


26/31

Let the cattle do the work!

Stock pile fescue. Forage test continue to

show that nutrient levels are higher thanmost of the 1st cutting hays. Quality can bemaintained throu h earl s rin .

Small grains Crop residues

1 AU for 1.5 months

Every bushel shelled leaves 50 pounds residue.

Watch for grain related problems.


27/31

Managed grazing

Efficiencies: Continuous = 35% 4 Days = 50%

=

1 day = 75%

Good stand = 300 lbs per inch. Measure growth this year = 8 inches fertilized1500 pounds of potentially harvestable forage/acre


28/31

Take 5 leave 3

35% = 525 lbs per acre (1500 * .35) 10 acres = 5250 harvested forage

50 cows will eat 1250#/day = 4 grazing days

60% = 900 lbs per acre 10 acres = 9,000#

50 cows = 7 razin da s

75% = 1,125 lbs per acre 10 acres = 11,250#

50 cows = 9 grazing days

That is the equivalent of getting an extra7.5/800 pound round bales for every 10acres grazed.


29/31

At the beginning ofgrazing pasture is a mixof grasses and forbs

Cattle consume thehighest quality first


30/31

Grazing corn stalks Graze it early. TDN

Grain(9/90)> leaves> Husk> cobs> stalks

Snow? Mud? Best outcome = maintenance to .5 pound

a ca vers move o en ear y wean Supplement with natural proteins

Excess grain(>8-12 bu/acre)= acidosis,

founder. Experience matters. Cost; next years effect?


31/31

Alternative Feeding Strategies2_1 [Compatibility Mode]

Documents

Transcript of Alternative Feeding Strategies2_1 [Compatibility Mode]