ALTERNATIVE

ENERGY STATUS IN

PAKISTAN

PROF DR NASIM A. KHANSENIOR EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

OSMANI & COMPANY (PVT) LTD

14 MARCH 2013

DR. NASIM@OSMANI.COM, DRNASIMAKHAN@GMAIL.COM

7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

EXPO CENTER, KARACHI

EARLY GOVERNMENT EFFORT

• Originally the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission initiated projects in solar energy but this effort was soon transferred to other Ministries. 1960’S [PEC]

• They include Solar Energy Research Centre [SERC] under Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research [PCSIR] in the Ministry of Science and Technology;

• Appropriate Technology Development Organization (ATDO) in the Ministry of Science and Technology;

• a Directorate General of Renewable Energy Resources (DGER) in the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources; and

• a Directorate of Renewable Energy [DAE] under the Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) in the Ministry of Water and Power.

Several solar-lit villages in different parts of the country and a small wind turbine established by the

Directorate of New and Renewable Energy Resourcesduring the 80’s

SERCRESEARCH RESULTS

EARLY GOVERNMENT EFFORT

• ATDO was later upgraded and renamed as the Pakistan Council for Appropriate Technology (PCAT) [1980’S].

• A new organization the National Institute of Silicon Technology [NIST], was also created in the Ministry of Science and Technology to develop solar cell manufacturing. [1980’S]

• All organizations under the Ministry of Science and Technology were later merged into the Pakistan Council for Renewable Energy Technology (PCRET) [1990’S], while DGER and the Renewable Energy Directorate under WAPDA were either closed or were not utilized.

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SILICON TECHNOLOGY NOW PCRET BUILDING

PRIVATE SECTOR• ALMOST NON EXISTENT

FINANCING/ LEGAL INSTITUTES

• ALMOST NON EXISTENT

EXISTING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN

PAKISTAN

– AEDB [ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

DEVELOPMENT BOARD] [2003/4]

– PCRET [ PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR

RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES]

– AED SINDH [ ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

DEPARTMENT, GOVERNMENT OF

SINDH] [2005/6]

– PUNJAB POWER DEVELOPMENT

COMPANY [2007/8]

– SINDH ELECTRICTY COMPANY [2009/10]

CURRENT PRIVATE SECTOR

• RENEWABLE ENERGY ASSOCIATION OF PAKISTAN

• PAKISTAN WIND ENERGY ASSOCIATION

• SOLAR ENERGY SOCIETY

• CONSULTANTS

• INSURANCE COMPANIES

• STUDENTS

• ENERGY ENGINEERING DEPARTMENTS IN UNIVERSITIES

• SEVERAL BUSINESSES OPERATING

• SEVERAL NGO’S PRESENT

ENERGY SECURITY DILEMMA

• POPULATION PATTERN

• ENERGY GENERATION PATTERN

• SOLAR AND WIND ENERGY

SCENARIO

POPULATION

PATTERN

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL HYDROPOWER

PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

HYDRO-

POWERJAMMU&

KASHMIR

• ENERGY

GENERATION

PATTERN

EXISTING AND POTENTIAL OIL, GAS AND COAL

RESERVES IN PAKISTAN

HYDRO-

POWERJAMMU&

KASHMIR

SUI

THAR

COAL

LAKHRA

KHOST

SHARIGSOR-RANGE

OIL

THERMAL

THERMAL

• ENERGY

GENERATION

PATTERN

AVAILABILTY OF SOLAR ENERGY IN POPULATION

CENTERS IN PAKISTAN

JAMMU&

KASHMIR

SOURCE: SOLAR ENERGY

GUIDE AND DATABOOK

FOR PAKISTAN

N.A.KHAN

APRIL

JIWANI ORMARA

PANJGUR

NOKUNDI

DALBANDIN

KHUZDAR

QUETTA

SIBI

LORALAI

ZHOB

BARKHAN

KALAT

KARACHI

BADIN

HYDERABAD

SUKKUR

CHOR

NAWABSHAH

JACOBABAD

PADIDAN

BAHAWALPUR

BAHAWALNAGAR

FAISALABAD

LAHORE

ISLAMABAD

KHANPUR

MULTAN

SIALKOT

BALAKOT

CHITRAL

D. I. KHAN

DIR

DROSH

KAKULPARACHINAR

PESHAWAR

ASTOR

BUNJI

CHILAS

GILGIT

GUPIS

KOTLI

MUZAFFARABAD

SKARDU

8.3

9.1

4.5

3.0

5.9

4.2

2.3

2.1

3.5

2.1

5.0

2.0

3.5

5.1

3.3

3.4

2.5

1.8

2.1

3.2

1.6

1.9

1.2

1.9

3.3

2.7

0.9

JHELUM

1.7

3.8

2.4

0.9

3.0

0.9

3.0

1.9

2.3

2.5

2.6

1.5

3.3

3.9

1.3

3.0

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

STUDY REPORT BY

PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

MONTH: MAY

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30METERS

10.8

1 M/S

2 M/S

3 M/S

4 M/S

WIND SPEED

COLOUR CODE

5 M/S

6 M/S

7 M/S

8 M/S

9 M/S

10 M/S

MAY

JIWANI ORMARA

PANJGUR

NOKUNDI

DALBANDIN

KHUZDAR

QUETTA

SIBI

LORALAI

ZHOB

BARKHAN

KALAT

KARACHI

BADIN

HYDERABAD

SUKKUR

CHOR

NAWABSHAH

JACOBABAD

PADIDAN

BAHAWALPUR

BAHAWALNAGAR

FAISALABAD

LAHORE

ISLAMABAD

KHANPUR

MULTAN

SIALKOT

BALAKOT

CHITRAL

D. I. KHAN

DIR

DROSH

KAKULPARACHINAR

PESHAWAR

ASTOR

BUNJI

CHILAS

GILGIT

GUPIS

KOTLI

MUZAFFARABAD

SKARDU

8.1

9.0

5.2

3.4

5.9

6.1

3.0

2.9

3 .3

2 .2

5.1

2 .2

3.1

7.8

9.7

3.6

4.1

2 .5

2 .2

2.5

3.8

2 .3

1.9

1.4

2.5

4.3

4.0

0.9

JHELUM

1.7

4.6

2 .5

1.0

3 .3

1.1

3 .4

1.9

2 .5

2 .5

2 .9

1.5

3.6

3.3

1.3

3.1

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

STUDY REPORT BY

PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

MONTH: JUNE

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30 METERS

1 M/S

2 M/S

3 M/S

4 M/S

WIND SPEED

COLOUR CODE

5 M/S

6 M/S

7 M/S

8 M/S

9 M/S

10 M/S

JUNE

WIND MAPPING SURVEY FOR POWER POTENTIAL

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT – WIND MEASURING SITES IN BALUCHISTAN

Pakistan Meteorological Department

WIND MAPPING SURVEY FOR POWER POTENTIAL

PAKISTAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT–WIND MEASURING SITES IN SIND

WIND TURBINES ON

COASTLINE OF KARACHI

DEVELOPED BY

DIRECTOR PROJECT 10 CORPS, ADVANCED ENGINEERING

RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (AERO), SOLAR TEAM EME,NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR ALTERNATIVE ENERGY (NCAE)

IN COLLABORATION WITH DHA KARACHI, VOLTA BATTERIES,

OCEAN SERVICES, NICE LINK TRUST, SOLAR PRODUCTS INCORPORATED PAKISTAN, WIND

BARON

WIND LIT COAST OF DHA KARACHI

Street lights of Beach Avenue, DHA Karachi

Micro wind turbines installed at

Village Dandari, Ghora Bari, Thatta Sindh

TWO WIND PUMPS BY MERIN PVT OPERATIONAL IN BALOCHISTAN

Project experienceTechnical Advisor

Hybrid Power System

Community Managed

Client• New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade (MFAT)

Location• Coastal Balochistan, Pakistan

Date• 2002 – ongoing, (Co-partnered with Empower Consultants Ltd)

Facilities; Solar-diesel hybrid system

Services; Resource assessment, System design, Site installation

Hybrid System Installation

Wind, Solar and Diesel

Client• New Zealand Ministry of Foreign

Affairs & Trade (MFAT)

(Co-partnered with Empower Consultants Ltd)

Location• Durgai, Baluchestan, Pakistan

Date• 2003

Facilities

• 7.5 kW wind turbine, 0.5 kW solar panels, a 10 kW diesel

generator, and 60 x 2v long-life

acid batteries.

Services• Resource assessment

• System design

• Site installation

Project experienceTechnical Advisor

GHARO-KATIBANDAR-HYDERABAD WIND CORRIDOR AT 50 METERS

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

MONTH

ME

TE

RS

/SE

CO

ND

HYDERABAD

GHARO

KATIBANDAR

JIWANI ORMARA

PANJGUR

NOKUNDI

DALBANDIN

KHUZDAR

QUETTA

SIBI

LORALAI

ZHOB

BARKHAN

KALAT

KARACHI

BADIN

HYDERABAD

SUKKUR

CHOR

NAWABSHAH

JACOBABAD

PADIDAN

BAHAWALPUR

BAHAWALNAGAR

FAISALABAD

LAHORE

ISLAMABAD

KHANPUR

MULTAN

SIALKOT

BALAKOT

CHITRAL

D. I. KHAN

DIR

DROSH

KAKULPARACHINAR

PESHAWAR

ASTOR

BUNJI

CHILAS

GILGIT

GUPIS

KOTLI

MUZAFFARABAD

SKARDU

8.1

9.0

5.2

3.4

5.9

6.1

3.0

2.9

3 .3

2 .2

5.1

2 .2

3.1

7.8

9.7

3.6

4.1

2 .5

2 .2

2.5

3.8

2 .3

1.9

1.4

2.5

4.3

4.0

0.9

JHELUM

1.7

4.6

2 .5

1.0

3 .3

1.1

3 .4

1.9

2 .5

2 .5

2 .9

1.5

3.6

3.3

1.3

3.1

MONTHLY WIND MAPPING OF PAKISTAN

DATA SOURCE: METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF PAKISTAN

COMPILED BY BRIG DR NASIM A. KHAN

STUDY REPORT BY

PAKISTAN COUNCIL FOR APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY

MONTH: JUNE

ANEMOMETER HEIGHT 30 METERS

1 M/S

2 M/S

3 M/S

4 M/S

WIND SPEED

COLOUR CODE

5 M/S

6 M/S

7 M/S

8 M/S

9 M/S

10 M/S

JUNE

.

Average summer wind

direction from Gharo to

Hyderabad

GHARO AREA

MICRO SITING OF WIND FARMS BY AEDB EXPERTSWIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

AEDB DATA

50m Wind Mast –Zephyr Power

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

60m Wind Measuring Mast- NPE

First 60m Wind Measuring mast in

Pakistan

(www.KonDen.com)

LAND IN JHIMPIR, THATTA DISTRICT, SINDH

JHIMPIR

WIND PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN

AEDB DATA

JHIMPIR AREA WIND FARMS

AEDB DATA

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Masterwind

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Masterwind

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Zorlu

85m Wind Measuring Mast- Zorlu

WIND FARM AT JHIMPIR

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

NUMBER OF WIND SPEED DATA COLLECTION MASTS INSTALLED IN PAKISTAN

INSTALLED/YR CUMULATIVE MASTS

WIND ENERGY POWER PROJECTS TARIFF

S.No Name of IPP

Tariff (US$ Cents

per kWh) Date Announced

1 Dawood Power Ltd 11.87 6 Dec, 2008

2 Zorlu Enerji 13.3456 13 Dec, 2011

3 FFC Energy Ltd 16.109 10 Aug, 2010

4

Three Gorges First WInd Farm

Pakistan 13.9399 15 Dec, 2011

5 Yunus Energy Ltd 17.3672 15 Feb, 2012

6 Foundation Wind Energy - I Ltd 14.1359 16 Mar, 2012

7 Foundation Wind Energy - II Ltd 14.1164 16 Mar, 2012

8 Tenaga Generasi Ltd 13.6202 26 April, 2012

9 Gul Ahmed Wind Power Ltd 14.6098 8 May, 2012

10 Sapphire Wind Power Company Ltd 13.2483 8 May, 2012

11 Metro Power Company Ltd 14.5236 15 May, 2012

12 Master Wind Energy Ltd 14.532 29 June, 2012

13 Zephr Power Ltd 15.9135 24 May, 2012

14 Sachal Energy Development Pvt Ltd 14.8618 3 Jan, 2012

13.9399 15 Dec, 2011

AEDB DATA

STAKEHOLDER ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN WIND POWER PROJECTS

• AEDB

• GOVT OF SINDH

• NEPRA

• NTDC

• HESCO

• KESC

• INVETSTORS

INVESTORS

• STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN

• NATIONAL BANK OF PAKISTAN

• HABIB BANK OF PAKISTAN

• MUSLIM COMMECIAL BANK

• ALLIED BANK

• FAYSAL BANK

• ASKARI BANK

LEGAL AND FINANCING INSTITUTES DEVELOPED

• LEGAL COUNCILS; – KABRAJI & TALIBUDDIN

– HAIDERMOTA & CO

• FINANCIAL CONSULTANTS;– BRIDGE FACTOR

• WIND ENERGY CONSULTANTS– ME CONSULT

– RER

– OSMANI

– WIND ROSE

– IPEC

EXISTING SOLAR

ENERGY SCENARIO IN

PAKISTAN

SOLAR POTENTIAL OF PAKISTAN

TOTAL ANNUAL SOLAR ENERGY OVER

PAKISTAN= 2,324,320,000,000 MWH

SOLAR POTENTIAL IS

30,000 TIMES

ANNUAL ENERGY GENERATED IN PAKISTAN

KEL

BURZIL

VINJORE

MARA

POST

RANAK

DHAR

AWARAN

QUETTA

ADILGOMA

GYONG GHAYARI

NARAM ADM PAIJU

IHEC

SKARDUHAMZI GHUND

LEH

NULLAHSHAKMA

GULTARI

OLDING

BUNYAL

SERVING THE NATION WITH A DIFFERENCE

DUMBA BAO

GILGIT

NEKRUN

SHARDA

URAN

KEL

TARIQ

CAMP

KARACHI

GHARO

SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

COLLEGE OF EME

MINI SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTSPONSORED BY

MINISTRY OF S&T AND UNESCO

MINI SOLAR THERMAL POWER PLANTSPONSORED BY

MINISTRY OF S&T AND UNESCO

SOLAR CELL FABRICATION MACHINE AT

SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

CADMIUM TELLURIDE SOLAR CELLS

FABRICATED AT SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

SOLAR WATER DISINFECTOR FOR 100 LITERS/DAY

INSTL OF SOLAR PANEL AT IHEC

18,500 FEET ELEVATION

SOLAR LIGHTS AT

GOMA HOSPITAL

SOLAR LIGHTS AT

GOMA WORKSHOP

DEMONSTRATION OF SOLAR PV SYSTEMS

TO MASSES IN NA

Solar lighting System on top of Mosque in

Awaran, Balochistan

SOLAR LIT ROOMI PARK

RAWALPINDI

SOLAR LIT PRESIDENCY PARK

SOLAR LIT PARK AT

GILGIT

SOLAR LIT CAA PARK

GILGIT

FCNA GATE LIT BY NIGHT WITH SOLAR ENERGY

SOLAR CARDESIGNED BY STUDENTS AT

SOLAR SYSTEMS LAB

CAN BE IMPROVED FOR AUTO RICKSHAWS

FRONT WALL AFTER GLASS FITMENT

FINAL FRONT VIEW OF THE HOSPITAL IN WINTERS

Hospital at Jambar Kashmir being heated by solar

heated water

• STIRLING ENGINE

DEVELOPED IN PAKISTAN

• STIRLING ENGINE

DEVELOPED IN PAKISTAN

Remote Village Electrification

• Demonstration project of 100 solar homes at Narian Khorian completed, and inaugurated by the Prime Minister in June 2005.

• Pilot project of 100 solar homes in each province completed.

• A total of 1,762 homes electrified in 30 villages so far in all four provinces

• 7,874 off-grid villages to be electrified by AEDB in Balochistan (6,968) and Sindh (906)

• 400 (300 in Balochistan and 100 in Sindh) to be electrified in the Ist phase of the program

• 3000 homes in Sindh electrified

Overview of village

Bharomal (Sindh)

SINDH

3000

HOMES

ALLAH BAKHSH DANDAR, BALOCHISTAN

SOLAR WATER PUMPING FROM COAL MINE

NE recently completed a successful installation of Pakistan's

largest solar water pumping system. The system employs a

solar array size of 7 kW and is capable of delivering a daily

water output of more than 600,000 litres.

DHA CITY

KARACHI

PAKISTAN ENGINEERING

COUNCIL

ISLAMABAD

SOLAR PV CELL MANUFACTURERS

• AKHTER SOLAR

• SARA SOLAR

• AROUND 9 MW OF SOLAR PV CELLS

HAVE BEEN MANUFACTURED AND

INSTALLED IN PAKISTAN

• Around $ 100 MILLIONS MARKET

BIO-ENERGY

• BIO-DIESEL POLICY APPROVED AND

AVAILABLE

• THOUSANDS OF ACRES OF

JATROPHA, PONGAMIA PLANTED

• BIO GAS PLANTS [5000 INSTALLED,

1000 BEING INSTALLED IN PUNJAB]

GERMAN AGENCY FOR TECHNICALCOOPERATION (GTZ)

• “Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency

Programme” of six years duration

• Initiated in October 2003

• Euro 3,500,000 committed by Germany for

the first two years of the Programme

• Aims to improve capacity / capability of the

Public & Private Sectors for RE, including

i) Rural Electrification

ii) Energy Efficiency activities in selected

SMEs

UNDP-GEF

• Two-year project for “Sustainable

Development of Utility Scale Wind

Power Production” approved by GoP

• Project funding amounts to US $ 3.1

Million

• Aims to elaborate on the existing wind

policy

• Country-wide wind resource

assessment also part of the project

USAID / SOUTH ASIAN REGIONAL INITIATIVE ON ENERGY (SARI)

• Country-wide Wind and Solar Resource

Assessment carried out under the

USAID/SARI Programme amounting to

US $ 1.9 Million

• Project spanned over a two-year time

period; initiated in 2004

CONCLUSION

EUROPEAN ENERGY SOURCES SHIFT TO NOTE

SHARE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ALL NEW POWER (GW)

IN EUROPE DURING THE YEAR 2009

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

WIN

D

GA

S

SO

LA

R

PV

CO

AL

BIO

MA

SS

OIL

WA

ST

E

NU

CLE

AR

HY

DR

O

SO

LA

R

CS

P

ENERGY SOURCE

PO

WE

R G

IGA

WA

TT

S

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION

OF WEST

WOOD COAL

OIL & GAS

NUCLEAR

SOLAR/AE

MILLIONS

OF YRS

150 YEARS

50

YRS

50

YRS

NIL

THOUSANDS OF YRS

NIL WOOD

(MILLIONS OF YEARS)

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION

OF REMOTE AREAS OF PAKISTAN

ENERGY CYCLE OF TRANSITION

RECOMMENDED STRATEGY PAKISTAN

WOOD COAL

OIL & GAS

NUCLEAR

SOLAR/AE

MILLIONS

OF YRS

150 YEARS

50 YRS

50

YRS

NIL

THOUSANDS OF YRS

INNOVATIVE STRATEGIES

A QUESTION IS, WHEN WOULD AN

AVERAGE PAKISTANI USE ENERGY

EQUAL TO ENGLAND OF 1970 ?

PLAN SUCH A TARGETTED

GROWTH FOR THE

YEAR 2030 OR 2050

IN REALITY

IN PAKISTAN,

SOLAR ENERGY AND WIND

ARE THE ACTUAL SOURCES

REST ALL ARE ALTERNATE SOURCES OF ENERGY