Alternate substrates for Ornamental crop production
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Transcript of Alternate substrates for Ornamental crop production
Alternate substrates for Ornamental crop
production
1
Chair person
Sujatha A. NairPrincipal ScientistDivision of Ornamental CropsIndian Institute of Horticultural researchBengaluru, Karnataka
Presented byCh. Girija Kumari, UHS12PGM269Sr. M.Sc., Dept. of Floriculture and Landscape ArchitectureUniversity of Horticultural Sciences,PG centre, GKVK, Bengluru
.
Contents
Introduction
Functions of substrates
Classification of substrates
Advantages of soil less substrates
Properties of substrates
Reviews
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There are four functions that substrate must serve in order to support good plant growth
It must serve as a reservoir for plant nutrients
It must hold water in a way that makes it available to the plant
It must provide plants with gases and water at the same time
It must support the plant3
4
SOIL
ADVANTAGES
DIS-ADVANTAGES
Soil- less culture
Substrate culture
Water culture
Transition from traditional substrates to alternate substrates
Organic substrates
Inorganic substrates
StaticSolutionculture
CirculatedSolution culture
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Types of Water culture / Hydro-culture
a. Nutrient film technique (NFT)
b. Static aerated technique (SAT)
c. Ebb and flow technique (EFT)
d. Deep flow technique (DFT)
e. Aerated flow technique (AFT)
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Classification of Soil less substrates
Organic substrates Inorganic substrates
a. Peat moss
b. Wood residues
c. Saw dust
d. Bark
e. Rice hulls
f. Coconut peat
a. Perlite
b. Sand
c. Vermiculite
d. Calcined clay
e. Pumice
f. Rock wool
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Peat moss
Accumulation of plant materials in poorly drained areas
As peat is a non- renewable resource, increase in price is a limiting factor
Then what is the alternative ?
Unused agricultural by-products that could be used quite easily as substrates As far as the Kyoto agreements are concerned, peat alternatives could help,since by both obtaining and using peat a lot of carbon-dioxide (CO2) is released (Block et al.,2006)
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Coconut peat
Used throughout the world for wide range of soilless crop production
Crops like carnation, Rose, Gerbera, Gypsophila, Lisiathus, Chrysanthemum are best grown with no harmful environmental effect
High water holding capacity
Provides a buffer in high temperatures
Stimulate root growth
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Soilless culture has many advantages over standard agricultural practices
1.Weed and soil diseases are not a problem in soil-less culture
2. High quality yield
3. Cultivating crops in any region even in regions where poor soil conditions prevail
4. Controlling the root environments and prevention of compaction
5.Increasing water and nutrient use efficiency
Advantages of Soil less culture
12
Carbonized rice husks (CRH)
Commercial substrate Plantmax (COM) composed carbonized rice husks, composted pinus bark, bovine Vermicompost and vermiculite
A mixture of vermiculite and carbonized rice husks in a 1:1 proportion (MIX-1)
A mixture of vermiculite and washed sand in a 1:1 proportion (MIX-2).
Alternative substrates for growth and production of pottedchrysanthemum (cv. Funny)
Terra et al.,2011
Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 33 (3): 465-471
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Root length of chrysanthemum cv. Funny as a functionof substrate phosphorus concentration.
Terra et al.,2011
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Evaluation of Bio-char as growing substrate for Ornamental plants
Substrates
100% brown peat85 % peat- 15% biochar70 % peat- 30% biochar55% peat- 45% biochar40% peat- 60% biochar
Euphobia x lomi Rauh cv. Chiara
Fascella et al., 2013
I st Mediterranean Biochar Symposium
Study aims in evaluating the performance of the conifer wood biochar as growing substrate, with progressive substitution of the peat for ornamental plants.
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Effect of bio-char content in the substrates on growth and ornamental features of Euphorbia
Fascella et al., 2013
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Effect of biochar content in the substrates on dry matter partitioning of E. x lomi potted plants
Fascella et al., 2013
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Effect of biochar content in the substrates on flowered (%) and marketable plants (%) of E. x lomi after three months of cultivation
Fascella et al., 2013
What are desirable properties of growing media?
Through research, desirable properties of growing medium have been identified
Some desirable properties for growing medium include organic matter bulk density porosity aeration pH cation exchange capacity
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Changes of physical properties in rock-wool and glass-wool slabs during hydroponic cultivation
of roses
Nowak, 2010
Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research ,18(2) : 349-360
1.Grodan – Rockwool with a horizontal fibrous structure2. Pargro – Rockwool with a horizontal fibrous structure3. Cultilene – glass wool, homogeneous4. Bomat – Rockwool, homogeneous
Rose cv. ’Trixx’
Four mineral wool slabs
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Effect of different rockwool and glasswool slabs on the yield, bud flower diameter, bud flower height, stem length and fresh weight of
rose flowers ’Trixx’
Nowak, 2010
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Grodan Master (◊) Pargro (□)
Cultilene (Δ) Bomat (○).
Effect of the length of the cultivation period on the bulk density and total pore space of slabs
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Grodan Master (◊)
Pargro (□)
Cultilene (Δ)
Bomat (○).
Effect of the length of the cultivation period on the air content
Nowak, 2010
Air
con
tent
Effect of Different Substrates on Growth and Flowering of Dianthus caryophyllus cv. ‘Chauband
Mixed’
American-Eurasian J. Agric. & Environ. Sci., 12 (2): 249-258
27
Yasmeen et al.,2012
Review
Evaluation of different potting media on plant height of carnation
To = Garden Soil, T1 = Leaf compost + silt + FYM (1:1:1),T2 = Leaf compost + silt (1:1) T3 = Farm yard manure(FYM), T4 = Silt T5 = Leaf compost + sand (1:1)
28Yasmeen et al., 2012
Evaluation of different potting media on number of
flowers per plant
Media treatments29Yasmeen et al., 2012
30 T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5
Evaluation of potting media pH of Carnation
Hig
hly
alka
line
Yasmeen et al., 2012
31Media treatments
Evaluation of potting media total nitrogen percentage of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Yasmeen et al., 2012
32
Evaluation of potting media available potassium of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus)
Yasmeen et al., 2012
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plant height number of branches/plantlength of branches/plant number of leaves/plant, leaf area least days to first flower emergence Number of flowers/plant flower diameter (cm) and quality of the flowers
Along with compost and sand ,Silt and garden soil showed good result
Plants parameters of growth and flowering such as
But overall leaf compost + sand
showed best results
while, farmyard manure with higher pH produced the least results regarding
all plant parameters.
Yasmeen et al., 2012
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Effects of Different Pot Mixtures on Spathiphyllum (Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel) Growth and Development
Journal of Central European Agriculture, 14(2), p.140-148
Kakoi and Salehi, 2013
L100: Only leaf-moldS100: Only quartz-sandP100: Only perliteL50S50: leaf-mold/quartz-sand (1:1)L25S75: leaf-mold/quartz-sand (1:3)L75S25: leaf-mold/quartz-sand (3:1)P50S50: perlite/quartz-sand (1:1)P25 S75: perlite/quartz-sand (3:1)L25P75: leaf-mold/peat moss (1:3)L50P50: leaf-mold/perlite (1:1)L75P25: leaf-mold/perlite (3:1)S25P75: quartz-sand/perlite (1:3)P33S33L33: perlite/quartz-sand/ leaf-mold (1:1:1)
Thirteen pot mixes
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Effect of different media on root characters and number of suckers per plant
Kakoi and salehi , 2013
37
Long shoots and roots produced on the Spathiphyllum cuttings production cultured in P100 medium
Kakoi and Salehi, 2013
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Influence of vermi-products and Pusa hydrogel on growthand flowering of landscape gerbera under greenhouse
condition
Verma et al., 2013
Intl. J. Agric. Env. Biotech. 6(1): 109-115
Tissue cultured plants of gerbera cv. Yosemite
planted in 10" earthen pots.
The basic plant growth media (M) coco peat, perlite and vermiculite (CPV) were mixed (4:1:1) and soil alone VC - Vemi-Compost (20 % v/v)
PHG- Pusa Hydro Gel (0.25 % w/w)HBM-Horn Bio-Manure (1% w/w)
Amended with
Vermi-wash (20 % v/v)
39Verma et al., 2013
Effect of different media amendments and vermi-wash concentration on vegetative growth
of gerbera
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PHG+VC
Control
Verma et al., 2013
Effect of different media amendments and vermi-wash concentration on vegetative growth
of gerbera
41Verma et al., 2013
Effect of different media amendments and vermi-wash concentration on flowering of gerbera
42
Control
PHG+VC
Verma et al., 2013
Effect of different media amendments and vermi-wash concentration on flowering of gerbera
44
New Substrates for Living Walls
Larcher et al.,2013
Proc. IIIrd Int. Conf. on Landscape and Urban Horticulture
Acta Hort. 999, ISHS
Review
45
Possibility of using alternative and eco-compatible substrates, shredded felt, the industrial residue of the production of chair felt pads, were chosen for substituting the coconut fibre
To verify the suitability of this new material and to identify the better combination of plant and substrate
Study aims at
Larcher et al.,2013
48
Plant species used for the study
Lonicera nitida
Bergenia cordifolia
Luzula sylvatica
Larcher et al.,2013
49
Influence of substrates on the GI (Growth Index) rate of Lonicera nitida (a) andBergenia cordifolia (b). Means followed by the same letter do not differ significantly.
Larcher et al.,2013
Survey No.
GI
50
Comparison among the four different substrates (from left to right: SS-SF50-SF50_B-SF100) in Lonicera nitida (above) and Bergenia cordifolia (below) at the end of the trial period
Larcher et al.,2013
51
Characterising alternative recycled waste materials for use as green roof growing media in the U.K.
Molineux et al., 2009
Ecological Engineering , 35 : 1507–1513
Alternative substrates
clay and sewage sludge (waste clay from excavations, fly ash and sewage sludge), paper ash (from recycled newspapers)carbonated limestone (from quarry fines)
Plantago lanceolata on roof garden
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Height of Plantago lanceolata when grown with varying compost quantities in four different aggregates
Molineux et al., 2009