Alterations of Alterations of ConsciousnessConsciousness

Psychology 2617Psychology 2617

IntroductionIntroduction

Basically, sleep and wakefulness and stuff Basically, sleep and wakefulness and stuff in betweenin between

We have a rhythm to this stuffWe have a rhythm to this stuffCircadianCircadianWe have other rhythms tooWe have other rhythms tooBasically a 24 hr clockBasically a 24 hr clock

Circadian rhythmsCircadian rhythms

24 hr clock24 hr clockSleep and wakefulness cycleSleep and wakefulness cycleClock can be set and resetClock can be set and resetJet lagJet lagExercise and sexExercise and sexPineal gland and SCN play a rolePineal gland and SCN play a role

sleepsleep

There are rhythms There are rhythms within sleep toowithin sleep too

90 min or so cycle of 90 min or so cycle of dreamingdreaming

Five stages of sleepFive stages of sleep Alpha to deltaAlpha to delta REMREM

REMREM

25% of the night25% of the nightEye movementEye movementHallucinationsHallucinationsGenital arousalGenital arousalEverybody dreamsEverybody dreamsWe need REMWe need REM

Without REMWithout REM

TiredTired Immune system depressedImmune system depressedCreativity dropsCreativity dropsTrouble concentratingTrouble concentratingSlowed performanceSlowed performanceMisperceptionMisperceptionHGH is released during sleepHGH is released during sleepSo insomnia is a big dealSo insomnia is a big deal

Sleep disordersSleep disorders

Insomnia as mentionedInsomnia as mentionedNarcolepsyNarcolepsy

Drop right into REMDrop right into REMSleep apneaSleep apnea

Deprived of ODeprived of O22, less slow wave sleep, less slow wave sleepPotentially fatalPotentially fatal

Night terrorsNight terrorsStage 4Stage 4Mostly kidsMostly kids

Another cool exampleAnother cool example

Mutant hamstersMutant hamsters Martin RalphMartin Ralph Tau geneTau gene TT normal 24 hr TT normal 24 hr

cyclecycle tt 20 hr cyclett 20 hr cycle Tt or tT gives 22 hr Tt or tT gives 22 hr

cyclecycle

Teenage Mutant Ninja HamstersTeenage Mutant Ninja Hamsters

Single Gene effectSingle Gene effectAffects brain developmentAffects brain developmentSCN specificallySCN specificallyMay be cognitive effectsMay be cognitive effects

The disordersThe disorders

Sleep apneaSleep apneaBasically you stop breathingBasically you stop breathingOf course, this leads to hypoxia, which we Of course, this leads to hypoxia, which we

have talked abouthave talked aboutCan wake up disoriented, can actually Can wake up disoriented, can actually

cause damagecause damageMay be the cause of SIDSMay be the cause of SIDS

Sleep ApneaSleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apneaObstructive sleep apneaAirway collapsesAirway collapses

Central sleep apneaCentral sleep apneaBrain stops sending sleep signalsBrain stops sending sleep signals

CPAP and alarms are the treatmentsCPAP and alarms are the treatments

NarcolepsyNarcolepsy

Straight to REM outa nowhereStraight to REM outa nowhereSymptomsSymptoms

Irresistible urge to sleepIrresistible urge to sleepCataplexyCataplexyHypnagogic hallucinationHypnagogic hallucinationSleep paralysisSleep paralysis

Can be controlledCan be controlled

Night TerrorsNight Terrors

Usually in stage 4 sleepUsually in stage 4 sleepOddly, you should not be hallucinating Oddly, you should not be hallucinating

herehereWhat causes themWhat causes themDunnoDunnoUsually we grow out of themUsually we grow out of themOften manifests itself in older people with Often manifests itself in older people with

sleep walkingsleep walking

SeizuresSeizures

Grand malGrand malPetit malPetit malGeneralizedGeneralizedPartialPartialAura beforehandAura beforehandProdromal phaseProdromal phasePostictal phasePostictal phase

Of course I sees her, she’s right Of course I sees her, she’s right over thereover there

Really a symptomReally a symptomSomething is upSomething is upCould be a tumourCould be a tumourCould be a brain anomaly of some sortCould be a brain anomaly of some sortAs varied as people areAs varied as people areTreatment usually involves drugs or a Treatment usually involves drugs or a

learning type approachlearning type approach