Allied and Axis Strategy and War in the European Theater

Bell Ringer

What is Isolationism?

What does “cash and carry” basis mean?

How did President Roosevelt address the nation after Pearl Harbor?

Time line Activity

Create a time line using the events on your worksheet

Add the US embargo on steel and oil to the event list

Use your book and notes to help you

Provide a brief description of each event on the time line

Be creative!

1931- Japan invades Manchuria

1935- Neutrality Act (against all belligerent nations)

1935- Italy invades Ethiopia

1936- Germany invades the Rhineland

1938- Munich Agreement

1939 – Nonaggression Act

1939- Germany invades Poland

1939- Neutrality Act (Cash and Carry basis)

1940- US embargo on oil and steel

1940- Hitler over runs France

1940- Battle of Britain 1941- Lend Lease Act1941- Pearl Harbor1941- US enter WWII

Major Conflicts in the European Theater

Battle of the Atlantic

Battle of Stalingrad

Battle of El Alamein

Operation Torch

Allied Strategy

European Theater

“Defeat Hitler First”

Germany viewed as a direct threat

American military resources targeted for Europe

Allied Strategy

Pacific Theater

Island Hopping

Moved closer to Japan by hopping from island to island

Cut off Japanese supplies through submarine warfare

Set up military bases for air attacks on Japan

Island Hopping

Axis Strategy in European Theater

Defeat the Soviet Union quickly and control their oil fields

Force Britain out of war through bombing campaigns and submarine warfare

US cannot be allowed to change momentum

Axis Strategy in Pacific Theater

Japan plans to invade Indonesia and Australia

Hoped American would accept Japanese dominance rather than fight a bloody and costly war

Following Pearl Harbor

US joins the war

Allied Power Great Britain

United States

Soviet Union

Axis Powers Germany

Italy

Japan

Battle of Atlantic

Goal: Prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain

681 Allied ship sunk in seven months of 1942 by German submarines

Allied Counter: Use of convoys with destroyers battle ships and airplanes using sonar and radar to cut down

Production of “liberty ships” outnumbered their sinking

Battle of StalingradAugust 1942: Luftwaffe

nightly air raids

September 1942: Germany control 90% of city

Winter 1943

Opportunity for massive counter attack

Soviet tanks and forces surround the city starving the Germans out

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IcOmdw82M40

Result of Battle of Stalingrad

Germany surrender in February 1943

1,100,000 Soviets causalities

Prevents Germany from control of Soviet oil fields

Turning point in European Theater

Battle of El Alamein

German forces threaten to seize Egypt and Suez Canal

November 1942 Germany forces are defeated

Result: Prevented Hitler from gaining oil supplies from Middle East

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrsRo_P7Zyw

Operation Torch

American General Dwight D. Eisenhower vs. General Erwin Rommel

Goal: Improve naval control of Mediterranean

Axis surrender in May 1943

Spring 1943

Tide turns in favor of the Allies

Allies regain control

Allies mount their own offensive and march towards Germany begins