Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP): Introduction, 2012 ...

Jeju, 13 – 16 May 2013 TBD

Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP):

Introduction,

2012 Accomplishments, and

2013 Goals

Document No: GSC17-[session]-XX

Source: Observer: Alliance for Wireless Power

Contact: Kamil A. Grajski

GSC Session: PLEN

Agenda Item: Wireless Power Transfer (WPT)

GSC17-[session]-XX

GSC-17, Jeju / Korea 2

A4WP Introduction:

Established May, 2012

• Purpose

– Create a wireless power transfer (WPT) ecosystem

that delivers spatial freedom

• Vision

– Ubiquitous power based on non-radiative, near-field

magnetic resonance wireless power transfer

• Mission

– Global standardization

– Certification and testing

– Regulatory compliance and policy

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Introduction:

Established May, 2012

• Purpose

– Create a wireless power transfer (WPT) ecosystem

that delivers spatial freedom

• Vision

– Ubiquitous power based on non-radiative, near-field

magnetic resonance wireless power transfer

• Mission

– Global standardization

– Certification and testing

– Regulatory compliance and policy

GSC17-[session]-XX

GSC-17, Jeju / Korea

A4WP Introduction:

Broad Industry Support

• Broadcom

• Delphi

• Deutsche Telekom

• Elec & Eltek

• Ever Win Int’l

• Funai

• Gill Industries

• Haier

• IDT

• LG Electronics

• Mantaro

• Maxim Integrated

• MET Labs

• Microtips Tech.

• NEC/Tokin

• Nordic SemiC.

• NXP

• OFS Brands

• Peiker

• Powerwow

• Qualcomm

• Renesas

• Samsung Electronics

• Samsung Electro-Mechanics

• SanDisk

• SGS

• ShenZhen Y. Tech.

• SK Telecom

• SPACON

• Sumitomo Electric

• TA Technology

• TennRich

• Texas Instruments

• TODA ISU

• Triune

• TTA

• UL

• Uway

• Wurth Elektronik

A4WP Initial Focus is on the cellphone, smartphone and tablet user scenario.

Membership reflects key elements of global power circuit supply chain.

GSC17-[session]-XX


Key 2012 Accomplishment:

Version 1.0 Interoperability Specification

• Sole industry sponsored, magnetic resonance

WCS* interoperability specification – Version 1.0 approved in Technical Cmte. October, 2012

– Simultaneous charging of multiple cellphones,

smartphones and tablets

– Increased charging distance (cm) and flexible placement

– Wireless Power Transfer

• 6.78 MHz (ISM) up to ~25W

• Power Transmitting and Receiving Resonators

– Multi-device management and power control protocol

• 2.4 GHz (ISM) Bluetooth LE

*Wireless Charging System

GSC17-[session]-XX


Key 2013 Goal:

Meet 2014 Commercial Launch Demands

• Interoperability Testing (IOT) Program Design

– 1H CY 13

• Approved Version 1.0 Interoperability Specification Test Plans

• IOT and Certification Program Launch

– Q2 CY 13

• Approved Independent Certification Program (and Logo)

– Q3 CY 13

• Launch Interoperability Testing Program

• Launch Independent Certification Program

GSC17-[session]-XX


Key 2013 Goal:


• Technical Standardization Program

• Coordinate and cooperate with national, regional and

international Standards Development Organizations

• Consider possible submission of Alliance for Wireless

Power Version 1.0 Interoperability Specification as a

candidate for a globally harmonized magnetic resonance

technical standard for low-power consumer electronics

applications (e.g., smartphones and tablets)

GSC17-[session]-XX


Key 2013 Goal:


• V1.0 Interoperability Specification evolution options – Expand set of approved power transmitter designs

• Within current 10-25W design set (e.g., multi-device chargers)

• >25W designs (e.g., notebooks and laptops)

• <10W designs (e.g., single-device use cases)

– Expand set of approved power receiver designs • Within current 3.5-6.5W design set (e.g., cell and smart phones)

• >10W designs (e.g., tablets)

• <3.5W designs (e.g., Bluetooth headsets)

– Reflect additional application domain requirements

• In-vehicle automotive consumer electronics charging

• Co-existence

• Management and power control fine-tuning

GSC17-[session]-XX


Concluding Remarks

• Family of WPT Technical Standards

– There exists a multiplicity of WPT technologies

– Individually, each technology may benefit from a

globally harmonized technical standard

– Market mechanisms determine consumer adoption

• A4WP Version 1.0 Interoperability Specification (as

evolved) may be a potential candidate baseline text for a

globally harmonized technical standard for low-power,

near-field magnetic resonance wireless power transfer

• A4WP actively pursuing cooperation and coordination

with Participating Standards Organizations (PSOs)

GSC17-[session]-XX


Supplementary Slides

GSC17-[session]-XX


Alliance for Wireless Power

Further Introduction

http://www.a4wp.org

11

http://www.a4wp.org/

GSC17-[session]-XX


Discussion Topics

• Vision of Ubiquitous Power for Consumer Electronics

• Spatial Freedom as Next-generation WPT Feature

• A4WP Technical Specification Highlights

• Global WPT Technical Standardization

• Conclusion

12

GSC17-[session]-XX


The Vision of Ubiquitous Power

13

GSC17-[session]-XX



14

Hu

man

Co

gn

itiv

e

Lo

ad

Cumulative Energy

Management Requirements

Social Awareness

Smart Grid

Mobile Consumer Electronic

Devices Battery

Charging Demands

GSC17-[session]-XX



• Goals

– Maximize ease of powering consumer electronics

• Wireless power transfer (WPT) requirements

– WPT source-rich environment

– WPT capable mobile consumer electronic devices

– Power requirements (<1 – 100W)

– Form factors

– Use cases

– Applications and services

15

GSC17-[session]-XX



• Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) environment

16

Home Base

Home

Office

Out and About

Restaurant

Hotel

On the Move

Car

Train

GSC17-[session]-XX



• A broad range of WPT-enabled devices

17

Public domain images from Google Search Images.

GSC17-[session]-XX



• WPT devices “discover” WPT sources through

Augmented Reality servers and applications

18

6

1

3 6 9

5

3

7

8

9

9

3

5

2 5

9

3

3

Public domain images from Google Search Images.

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=smartphone&start=100&hl=en&biw=1680&bih=972&tbm=isch&tbnid=8ubm55pGIOuvrM:&imgrefurl=http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/motorola-cliq-android-smartphone-11-09-2009/&docid=JoQd5rzK5_VhXM&imgurl=http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/motorola-cliq_1.jpg&w=600&h=500&ei=QAB-UKuPLeXAiwK3Xw&zoom=1

GSC17-[session]-XX


Spatial Freedom – The Next

Generation WPT Feature – Is

Here

19

GSC17-[session]-XX


Spatial Freedom Key Benefits

20

BT

Headset1

-~1W

Feature

Phone

~3.5W

Smart

Phone

~6.5W

1 2 N

Rotational

Invariance Translational

Invariance x

y

z

Figure not drawn to scale.

Power Transmitting Unit (PTU)

GSC17-[session]-XX


Spatial Freedom Key Benefits

21

Angular

Displacement

Tolerance

Vertical

Displacement

Tolerance x

z

y

Figure not drawn to scale.

Power Transmitting Unit

GSC17-[session]-XX


Consumer Electronics Market

22

Market

begins to

accelerat

e in 2015.

IMS Research (Jul-2012)

GSC17-[session]-XX


Transition to A4WP-type WPT

23

IMS Research (Jul-12)

Transition from

Aftermarket to

Integrated

begins 2014,

accelerates in

2015

A4WP-

type WPT

~20% of

the

market

A4WP-type WPT

overtakes tightly

coupled as dominant

technology

GSC17-[session]-XX


Technical Basis for Spatial

Freedom

24

GSC17-[session]-XX


Spatial Freedom Technical Basis

• “Magnetic induction”

– Includes tightly-coupled (WPC) and loosely-coupled (A4WP)

– Physics: induced voltage in a secondary coil of a coupled pair by

a magnetic field generated by a time-varying current in primary

– Circuits: the coupled coils equation (next slide)

• “Magnetic resonance” leads to spatial freedom

– A “tuned” version of magnetic induction

– Power transfer efficiency maintained in low coupling (k << 1) or

low mutual inductance (M) configurations

• Increased horizontal and vertical placement flexibility

• Increased flexibility in industrial designs

• Volume, thickness and weight advantages

25

GSC17-[session]-XX


Spatial Freedom Technical Basis

• Power transfer efficiency from primary to secondary coil

is proportional to Re{Ztx}

• Re{Ztx} high: ωM22 + Xrx = 0 => “tuning” => Resonance

26

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Interoperability

Specification V1.0

Highlights

27

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP System Reference Model

28

Client

Device

Load

DC to DCRegulator

MCU &

Out-band

Signaling

Power Receiving Unit (PRU)Rx Resonator

Power

Supply

Power

Amp

Matching

Circuit

MCU &

Out-band

SignalingTx Resonator

Voltage

Control

Power Transmitting Unit (PTU)

Resonant

Coupling

@ 6.78 MHz

+/- 15 KHz

Bidirectional

Communication

@ 2.4 GHz Band

GSC17-[session]-XX


PTUs categorized by real

output power and types of

PRUs supported

PTX_IN_MAX’ PRU Support Requirement

s

Class 1 TBD 1 x Category 1

Class 2 10 W 1 x Category 1, 2, or 3

Class 3 16 W 2 x Category 1, 2, or 3, or

1 x Category 4

Class 4 22 W 3 x Category 1, 2, or 3, or

1 x Category 4

Class 5 TBD TBD

PTU Resonator

PIN_TX

PRU Resonator PTU Resonator PRU Resonator

PRX_OUT

PRU PRX_OUT_MAX’ Example Applications

Category 1 TBD BT headset

Category 2 3.5W Feature Phone

Category 3 6.5W Smart Phone

Category 4 TBD Tablet

Category 5 TBD Laptop

A4WP Device Classification • PRUs categorized by

power consumption

29

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Power Transfer

• Power transfer physical interface

– Concurrent multi-device charging by balancing output voltage, power on individual PRUs

– Ensure stability by minimizing reliance on the control system for basic functionality

– Provide approved PTU resonator designs

30

L1

L2

ZIN_TXZIN_TX’

ITX

Z11, Z21, Z31, Z22,Z33, S21,S31, S23

L3

ZIN_RX’ZIN_RX

Filter Rectifier

Load

Filter Rectifier

Load

Supply Power

Amplifier Filter

R2

C2

R3

C3

Series-tuned

Parallel-tuned

R1

C1

Port 1 Port 2

Port 3

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Resonators • Resonator coupling efficiency

• Injected current levels into PTU

resonator

– ITX_MIN: Resonator shall always

conduct greater than this value

in normal operation

– ITX_NOMINAL: Resonator shall

always be capable of

conducting this level of current

– ITX_ABS_MAX: Resonator shall

never exceed this level of

current in any condition

• Source impedance at PTU

resonator interface

31

PTU resonator

impedance interface

PRU load reflected to

PTU resonator interface

Corner 2XIN_TX_MIN, RIN_TX_MAX

Corner 3XIN_TX_MAX, RIN_TX_MAX

Corner 1 XIN_TX_MIN, RIN_TX_MIN

Corner 4XIN_TX_MAX, RIN_TX_MIN

X

R

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Power Control

• Power Control

• Protect PRU’s VRECT from over-voltage.

• Keep PRUs in optimal operating conditions

• Prioritization of algorithms in multi-device scenarios

• Designer choice of optimization for maximum system efficiency or maximum PRU efficiency – PTU State Model

• Background State; Low Power State; Power Transfer State; etc.

– PRU State Model

• Background State; On State; Protection Mode State(s)

• Ranges and transitions determined by local protections

– Over-current, over-voltage, over-temperature, etc.

32

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Control Signaling

• Star topology network

• Signaling

– Out-of-band

– Bi-directional

– Bluetooth Low Energy (Part 15)

– Does not use pairing

– Bluetooth core specification 4.0

• Generic Attribute Profile & Generic Access Profile

– Including certain GATT sub-procedures

• Bluetooth Low Energy controller

• Efficient discovery and device connection support

33

PTU

PRU

PRU

PRU

PRU

PRU

...

Power

Comm.

GSC17-[session]-XX


A4WP Certification Program

• Certification Program Development

– PTUs Approved

• Focus on feature and smartphone market requirements

– PRUs Approved

• Focus is the acceptance testing of PTUs

– Certification Committee Deliverables

• V1.0 Test Specification and Procedures

• Lab Authorization Process

• Independent Certification Authority

• Certification Mark

• Target Availability: Q3 Calendar Year 2013

34

GSC17-[session]-XX


Wireless Power Transfer

Technical Standards

Development

35

GSC17-[session]-XX


Global WPT TS Landscape

• Global WPT Technical Standardization (TS) comprises many organizations and venues

– Industry consortia

– Standards Development Organizations

– Regulators & Agencies

36

NFC Forum

GSC17-[session]-XX


WPT Technical Standards

• WPT Regulatory framework

– Spectrum (availability; efficient use)

– WPT categorization (framework)

– EMC and RF Exposure

– WPT compliance methodology

• WPT TS global harmonization

– Family of WPT technical standards

– Each technology choice benefits when its technical standard is globally harmonized

– Market mechanisms select WPT technology adoption

• A4WP seeks SDO cooperation and coordination

37

GSC17-[session]-XX


Conclusion

38

GSC17-[session]-XX


Conclusion

• Deliver value for the Consumer

• Deliver flexibility for the product designer

• Deliver business success for industry partners

• The Vision is there… the next-generation WPT

technology from A4WP is here…

• The WPT market remains wide open!

39

GSC17-[session]-XX


Additional Technical Information

40

GSC17-[session]-XX


Technical Publications

• See www.a4wp.org/technical-publications.html

• IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Workshop 2012

– Grajski, K.A., R. Tseng and C. Wheatley, “Loosely-Coupled

Wireless Power Transfer: Physics, Circuits and Standards”

• IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference 2013

– Tseng, R., B. von Novak, S. Shevde and K. A. Grajski,

“Introduction to the Alliance for Wireless Power Loosely-Coupled

Wireless Power Transfer System Specification Version 1.0”

– Nadakuduti, et al., “Operating Frequency Selection for Loosely

Coupled Wireless Power Transfer Systems with Respect to RF

Emissions and RF Exposure Requirements”

41

http://www.a4wp.org/technical-publications.html



GSC17-[session]-XX


Thank You

42

Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP): Introduction, 2012 ...

Documents

Transcript of Alliance for Wireless Power (A4WP): Introduction, 2012 ...