Alles in 1 - UGentInghilleri!! DepartmentofLanguages,Literaturesand Cultures, UMASS Amherst,...

Registration at: http://www.miam.ugent.be

Info: [email protected] Department – UGent

MIAM 2015International Colloquium on

Multilingualism and Interpreting in Settings of Globalisation:

Asylum and Migration

19-20 February 2015Het Pand

Onderbergen 1, 9000 Gent

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Contents

Welcome

2

Organizing and scientific committees

3

Conference venue

4-‐6

Practical information

7

Conference Programme

8-‐11

Keynote speakers

12-‐16

Abstracts individual papers

17-‐32

Abstracts data sessions

33-‐34

Index participants

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Welcome Dear colleagues, We are pleased to welcome you to the international conference on Multilingualism and Interpreting in settings of globalisation: Asylum and Migration (MIAM 2015). The MIAM-‐colloquium is an international conference which addresses issues of multilingualism and interpreting in institutional settings of globalization, with a particular focus on asylum and migration. Owing to increasing mobility and societal heterogeneity, our contemporary institutions are faced with an influx of clients with progressively hybrid identities and linguistic repertoires. Multilingualism and the use of non-‐official languages require the institutions to customize their language practices, by working with interpreters or by using an international lingua franca. But still, even in settings where the right to language mediation is regulated by law, speakers of non-‐official languages are still systematically disadvantaged. While multilingualism has entered decisively in our contemporary institutions, there seems to be little consistency in what this multilingualism actually means to the speakers involved. MIAM 2015 attends to the generally forgotten and underrated complexities of institutional multilingualism and interpreting in settings of asylum and migration. MIAM 2015 addresses the following themes:

- Multilingualism and interpreter allocation - The tension between deontology and practice - Professional and lay interpreting - Institutional versus experiential positioning - Entextualization and the interview record

MIAM 2015 provides a meeting place for researchers from various disciplines (discourse analysis, sociolinguistics, interpreting studies, ELF studies) to discuss these themes, exchange ideas and set the stage for future collaborations. The conference is also open to practitioners in institutional settings of asylum and migration (policy-‐makers, social workers and interpreters) who encounter increasing linguistic diversity in their everyday practice, inviting them to reflect on the ways their institutions, which are often monolingual, deal with lay participants having disparate access to the institutional language. In this way, MIAM 2015 intends to provide an opportunity for academic-‐practitioner collaboration in developing alternative approaches to multilingualism in globalised institutional settings. We look forward to your participation at MIAM 2015! On behalf of the organizing committee, Mieke Van Herreweghe, Phillip Angermeyer & Katrijn Maryns

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Organising and scientific committees

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

▪ Philipp Angermeyer, York University

▪ Erik Hertog, KU Leuven

▪ Rudi Janssens, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

▪ Katrijn Maryns, Ghent University

▪ Tom Parlevliet, Ghent University

▪ Stef Slembrouck, Ghent University

▪ Mieke Vandenbroucke, Ghent University

▪ Mieke Van Herreweghe, Ghent University

▪ Ellen Van Praet, Ghent University

▪ Jef Verschueren, University of Antwerp

SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

▪ Philipp Angermeyer, York University

▪ Katalin Balogh, KU Leuven

▪ Eva Codo, University of Barcelona

▪ Ilse Derluyn, Ghent University

▪ Sigurd D’hondt, Ghent University

▪ Diana Eades, University of New England

▪ Peter Flynn, KU Leuven

▪ Robert Gibb, University of Glasgow

▪ Demi Krystallidou, Ghent University

▪ Katrijn Maryns, Ghent University

▪ Bernd Meyer, Mainz University

▪ Sonja Pöllabauer, University of Graz

▪ Heidi Salaets, KU Leuven

▪ Rebecca Tipton, University of Manchester

▪ Mieke Van Herreweghe, Ghent University

▪ Hildegard Vermeiren, Ghent University

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Conference venue: Het Pand Het Pand is the cultural and congress centre of Ghent University. This historical monument is a former Dominican Monastery, situated beside the river Leie in the historic center of Ghent. Address

Cultural and Convention Centre 'Het Pand' Onderbergen 1 9000 Ghent Belgium Tel. +32 (0)9 264 83 05 Accessibility By public transport:

Ø From railway station ‘Gent Sint-‐Pieters’: tram 1 (every 6 minutes) or tram 24 (every 20 minutes). Get off at Korenmarkt.

Ø From Gent Zuid: tram 4 (every 6 minutes), tram 24 (every 20 minutes) or bus 17 (every 30 minutes). Get off at Korenmarkt.

By car:

Ø Follow the sign to Parking P7 Sint-‐Michiels. The car park is opposite ‘Het Pand’. Ø An alternative car park is P8 Ramen. From there it's a 5 minutes walk to ‘Het

Pand’.

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Conference venue map

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Conference venue floor plan (level 2)

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Practical information Registration and information The registration desk can be found at the entrance of ‘Zaal Uttenhove’, located in the area between the ‘Persconferentiezaal’ and the ‘Oude Infirmerie’ (level 2). The desk will be open from 8:15 to 9:00 a.m. on Thursday and from 8:30 to 9:00 a.m. on Friday. Our conference desk staff will be available to answer questions at different times throughout the day. Catering Morning and afternoon coffee breaks, lunches and the wine reception are included in the conference fee and will be held in ‘Zaal Uttenhove’. Internet access If you are using your own laptop/smartphone, wireless internet is available with the following username and password: Username: guestMiam20 Password: KtEiSXJy Make a wireless connection with “UGentGuest”. If you have set up to request an IP address automatically, you will receive an IP address starting with 193.190.8x. Now you are connected, but not yet authenticated. You should start a web-‐browser and you will be redirected to a logon screen. Enter the username and password as mentioned above. Taxis Taxi Ghent: +32(0)9 333 33 33 Taxis from and to Brussels Airport: +32 7848 04 00 Public transport By train: http://www.nmbs.be By bus or tram: http://www.delijn.be

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Conference programme Thursday, February 19 8:30-‐ 09:00 Registration opens – Coffee time 09:00-‐09:30 Zaal Rector Vermeylen Opening and welcome: Katrijn

Maryns, Philipp Angermeyer and Mieke Van Herreweghe

09:30-‐10:30 Zaal Rector Vermeylen Plenary lecture: Stef

Slembrouck (Ghent University): The dynamics of scale and its language ideological dimensions: a workable perspective on policies and practices of language support?

10:30-‐11:00 Coffee break 11:00-‐12:30 Parallel session 1: Persconferentiezaal

ASYLUM INTERPRETING

Oude Infirmerie HEALTH INTERPRETING

11:00-‐11:30 Määttä, Simo -‐ The interpreter’s responsibility and linguistic authority in asylum interviews

Van De Walle, Céline, Van Praet, Ellen & Krystallidou, Demi -‐ Towards a development of best practices in the training of community interpreters in health care.

11:30-‐12:00 Sandersova, Marie -‐ Migrants as pro-‐active partners in community interpreting

Curum Duman, Duygu -‐ Healthcare Interpreting in Turkey: An Institutional Perspective

12:00-‐12:30 Taronna, Annarita -‐ Translation as a geo-‐political project: practising cultural mediation from the overcrowded boats to the detention camps across the Mediterranean

Dabic, Mascha -‐ Precarious balance: Interpreting in psychotherapy

12:30-‐14:00 Lunch 14:00-‐15:30 Parallel session 2: Persconferentiezaal

AD HOC INTERPRETING IN MULTILINGUAL ENCOUNTERS

Oude Infirmerie HEALTH INTERPRETING

14:00-‐14:30 Lee, Jieun -‐ Interpreting and Krystallidou, Demi -‐ Intepreters'

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translation services for migrant women in South Korea

(dis)empowering monolingual entextualisations in multilingual healthcare settings

14:30-‐15:00 Masadeh-‐Tate, Orieb -‐ Non-‐Professional Interpreting: A Violation of Migrant Domestic Workers’ Human Rights

Van De Mieroop, Dorien -‐ Relational Talk Within and Across Participation Frameworks in Interpreted Medical Interactions

15:00-‐15:30 Viezzi, Maurizio -‐ Challenges and opportunities of societal multilingualism

Carfagnini, Astrid & Gallez, Emmanuelle -‐ Mediating interculturality in healthcare interpreting for asylum seekers and forced migrants


MULTILINGUALISM AND ASSESSMENT IN THE ASYLUM PROCESS

Oude Infirmerie INTERPRETING IN SOCIAL SERVICE ENCOUNTERS WITH MIGRANTS

16:00-‐16:30 Patrick, Peter L & Fitzgerald, Carlie -‐ The transformation of experience in asylum narratives

Anthonissen, Christine -‐ Migrancy, multilingualism and employment opportunities in the Western Cape

16:30-‐17:00 Craig, Sarah -‐ What does it take to be fair to the multi lingual asylum applicant?

Renna, Dora & Taronna, Annarita -‐ Re-‐defining the role of language and cultural mediators beyond the "host-‐guest" dichotomy

17:00-‐17:30 Vermeiren, Hildegard -‐ Ideology in the Belgian Asylum Procedure. The impact of the Belgian linguistic context

Parkin, Christina -‐ The Interpreter in a Linguistic Minefield -‐ Working with Allophones into English in Quebec

17:30-‐18:30 Zaal Rector Vermeylen Plenary lecture from the

practical field: Pascal Rillof (Agentschap Integratie en Inburgering): Communicating in multilingual service provision: how the odd-‐one-‐out is becoming the norm

18:30-‐20:00 Reception: Het Pand 20:00-‐21:00 (…) Informal ‘Ghent by night’ tour

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Friday, February 20 8:30-‐ 09:00 Registration– Coffee time 09:00-‐10:00 Zaal Rector Vermeylen Plenary lecture: Cecilia

Wadensjö (Stockholm University): Multilingualism, ad hoc-‐interpreting and domains of discretion

10:00-‐11:00 Parallel session 4: Persconferentiezaal

LEGAL INTERPRETING

Oude Infirmerie LANGUAGE, IDEOLOGY AND IDENTITY IN MULTILINGUAL INTERACTION

10:00-‐10:30

Balogh, Katalin & Salaets, Heidi -‐ CO-‐Minor-‐IN/QUEST: Adapting language to the linguistic level of the child: who is responsable?

Climent-‐Ferrando, Vicent -‐ Analyzing the discursive evolution of language in French debates on immigrant integration

10:30-‐11:00

Del Pozo, Maribel, Fernandes, Doris & Hertog, Erik -‐ Interpreting in gender violence settings in Spain: victims’ views on interpreter’s role

Stephanie Feyne: Impact of Ideology on Perceptions of Identity of Interpreted Deaf Lecturers


LEGAL INTERPRETING

Oude Infirmerie MULTILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGE CHOICE IN INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

11:30-‐12:00

Du, Biyu -‐ Interpreter-‐mediated legal-‐lay communication in the era of globalisation-‐Nigerians in Chinese courts

Siebetcheu, Raymond -‐ Language choices in multilingual football teams

12:00-‐12:30

Haviland, John -‐ Tzotzil interpreting and the American (in)justice system: orders of engagement of an emigrant Mayan

Beaton-‐Thome, Morven -‐ Multi-‐ or Monolingual Realities? The role of interpreting in the EU

12:30-‐13:00

Szabo, Peter -‐ Language ideologies and practices (of) changing multilingualism in the European Parliament

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13:00-‐14:00 Lunch

14:00-‐15:00 Zaal Rector Vermeylen Plenary lecture: Moira Inghilleri (UMass Amherst): Developing a translation ethics in the context of transnational labor migration

15:00-‐16:00 Data sessions: Persconferentiezaal

MULTILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGE CHOICE IN ASYLUM AND MIGRATION SETTINGS

Oude Infirmerie MULTILINGUALISM FROM AN EU PERSPECTIVE

15:00-‐15:30

Angermeyer, Philipp & Maryns, Katrijn-‐ Same language interaction and/or interpreting in procedural encounters with migrants

Van Praet, Ellen, De Wilde, July & Rillof, Pascal – Making ends meet: A communication matrix for multilingual service encounters

15:30-‐16:00 16:00-‐16:30 Coffee break 16:30-‐17:30 Zaal Rector Vermeylen Plenary lecture: Jan

Blommaert (Tilburg University): Language from below and from above in a superdiverse neighborhood

17:30-‐17:45 Closing words

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Keynote speakers Stef Slembrouck Linguistics Department, Ghent University, Belgium

The dynamics of scale and its language ideological dimensions: a workable perspective on policies and practices of language support?

In my plenary presentation I will address the relevance of scaled decision-‐making for understanding and shaping the distribution of linguistic strategies and resources when forms of language accommodation and support are organizationally and interactionally made available in institutional contexts of service provision.

Contemporary conditions of immigration-‐affected multilingualism have challenged “default” assumptions about monolingual professional/institutional practice in advanced industrialized societies. These conditions have also put in the foreground questions of language, activity and space, in ways which question more traditional conceptualisations of multilingualism which one-‐sidedly view multilingualism as a property of the individual speaker and of communities of speakers of the same language (entities defined by ethnicity and nationality). An alternative to this view stresses the organisational and interactionally-‐manifest distribution of linguistic resources in and across particular spaces and activities and how the actual use of language resources in institutional encounters depends on the context-‐sensitive affordances of particular spaces and activities in these spaces. Such an emphasis on time/space scale(s) for understanding globalisation-‐affected processes of linguistic distribution has been invited theoretically by a number of authors and theoretical commentators (Wallerstein’s work is an obvious point of departure – see e.g. Collins, Slembrouck and Baynham (eds. 2009) for a more detailed discussion).

In my presentation I will draw on the results of two empirical studies conducted in the Flemish-‐Belgian context of heightened urban and suburban multilingualism following successive immigration waves since the 1960s. Together the studies provide strong evidence for the analytical and interpretative relevance of ‘scale’. At the same time, it will be demonstrated how scale is constituted by -‐ and how scalar factors be seen to interact with -‐ language ideological assumptions about language, community, institutional identity and instrumental reliability. I will conclude with a discussion of a set of policy recommendations.

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Pascal Rillof European Network for Public Service Interpreting and Translation (ENPSIT), Brussels, Belgium

Communicating in multilingual service provision: how the odd-‐one-‐out is becoming the norm In my presentation, I will focus on how the changed nature of migration since the early nineties affects public and social service provision. More in particular, I will tackle the communication gap in the multilingual service encounters that emerge from this new societal context of super-‐diversity. First we will see how the gap can be bridged. In this vein, a range of bridging tools and strategies will be briefly discussed: language analysts assisting in speech therapy diagnosis, Readspeaker and the structured use of code switching are some examples. Beyond simply enumerating a series of these tools, we will explore how we could work towards disclosing them as a panoply or matrix to the benefit of service providers and their clients. Second, we will also zoom in on the reasons why the communication gap ought to be bridged if we do not want to undermine what we claim to be: access-‐driven democrats. And, which constraints do we face today in pursuing that claim. Finally, to end full circle, the recently established European Network for Public Service Interpreting and Translation (http://www.enpsit.eu) is discussed as a way forward towards ‘gap bridging’ policy at EU level.

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Cecilia Wadensjö Institute for Interpreting and Translation Studies, Department of Swedish and Multilingualism, Stockholm University, Sweden

Multilingualism, Ad hoc-‐Interpreting and Domains of Discretion In this talk I will discuss challenges related to multilingualism and interpreting, drawing on discourse studies of ad hoc-‐interpreting in elderly care, and ad hoc-‐ interpreters’ performance in asylum interviews. In both settings, linguistic competence is a key resource, which seems to be underestimated by professionals in charge in the respective activity type, however in different ways. The aim of the talk is to relate different kinds of ad hoc-‐interpreting to the respective communicative activity type and highlight challenges involved in understanding and communicating, in various multilingual settings, the professional interpreter’s domains of discretion.

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Moira Inghilleri Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures, UMASS Amherst, Massachusetts, US

Developing a translation ethics in the context of transnational labor migration

For many migrants across the globe -‐ especially unskilled laborers, factory ‘sweatshop’ workers and female domestic workers -‐ translation services are rare or non-‐existent both at the time of the decision to migrate and once work is undertaken in the destination country. Many male laborers sign contracts in unfamiliar languages, often English, without fully understanding their contents; few can rely on representatives of their own governments to scrutinize the agreements they sign; and private company middlemen or local sources get involved solely for profit without concern for migrants’ interests. For the roughly 53 million domestic workers across the globe, the majority of whom are female, employment contracts are rare. The overlaps between the indentured servants of the seventeenth century and contract labor migrants in the twenty-‐first century expose the continued disregard for the rights of individuals in search of opportunities to provide for themselves and their families.

My keynote address will consider the direct consequences for individuals who cannot read a contract they sign because it has not been translated or because it is written in a formal legal, medical or technical discourse. It will discuss some of the implications attached to adults not being provided with the resources to communicate with their employer as adults in a language in which they are fully or sufficiently competent, particularly about matters of fair treatment, wages, or to report an abuse. Given the important role that translation can play in creating the conditions for greater communicative equality, it is notably absent in the experiences of many labor migrants. This suggests an important social and ethical role for translation that translators have yet to adequately fulfil in the context of transnational migration.

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Jan Blommaert Tilburg School of Humanities, Department of Culture Studies, Tilburg University, The Netherlands

Language from below and from above in a superdiverse neighborhood. Superdiverse neighborhoods are characterized by extreme social, cultural, ethnic and religious diversity in population, with people following entirely different life trajectories interacting with one another in zones of contact by means of codes that we just begin to describe and analyze. In this paper, i report on the emergence of a grassroots lingua franca in an inner-‐city superdiverse neighborhood in Berchem, Antwerp. The lingua franca is not one variety but an elastic continuum of varieties of spoken and written Dutch, deployed for "oecumenic" functions of trans-‐community contact. It has become a stable element of the "infrastructure" of superdiversity in this neighborhood, dominates any other language in the functions described and contributes substantially to a level of social cohesion we call "conviviality". While this grassroots usage of Dutch appears to follow the language-‐political prescriptions from above regarding "integration", a closer analysis of the actual resources available versus those needed in certain forms of social interaction shows that conviviality, even if critically important in understanding the peaceful nature of social encounters in the area, should not be confused with equality. While it offers and enables opportunities in certain social domains, it acts as an exclusionary code in others.

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Abstracts individual papers (in alphabetical order) Anthonissen, Christine Migrancy, multilingualism and employment opportunities in the Western Cape This paper will report on a study of the language repertoires of African migrants in the Western Cape, South Africa, where even for speakers of indigenous languages interpreting services are very limitedly provided in public spaces. It appears that in institutional encounters (such as in applications and interviews for employment), also when adults of foreign origin provide their own informal interpreting services, those with better command of the lingua franca (English), are advantaged. Using an art-‐based approach in collecting the narratives of migrants themselves, the ways in which various linguistic competences facilitate or limit employment opportunities, are recorded. Specifically, the experiences of three sets of L2-‐English participants will be topicalised, namely those of (i) L1-‐speakers of an indigenous South African language (isiXhosa), (ii) L1-‐speakers of Zimbabwean languages (Shona and Ndebele), and (iii) L1 speakers of other African languages who have migrated from countries where the lingua franca is an European language other than English (French, Portuguese).

The paper will reflect on the value of a material, cultural perspective on interpreting; it will show the inadequacy of a simple dichotomy in which heteronomous systems of interpreting (where people select peers as interpreters) are opposed to autonomous ones (where the powerful institution trains its own interpreters). Migration processes contribute to social complexities, so that the linguistic and interpreting choices available to both powerful and less powerful participants cannot be accounted for in binary terms. Institutional demands regarding linguistic competence of those seeking employment, are often in conflict with personal expectations. Balogh, Katalin & Salaets, Heidi Improving interpreter-‐mediated pre-‐trial interviews with minors (CO-‐Minor-‐IN/QUEST). Adapting language to the linguistic level of the child: who is responsable? The CO-‐Minor-‐IN/QUEST research project (JUST/2011/JPEN/AG/2961, January 2013 – December 2014) studies the interactional dynamics of interpreter-‐mediated child interviews during the pre-‐trial phase of criminal procedures. This automatically involves communication with vulnerable interviewees who need extra support for three main reasons: their age (i.e. under 18), native language and procedural status (either as a victim, witness or suspect). An online questionnaire originally distributed in 6 EU member states targeted professional groups from various areas of work involved in child interviewing, meaning police and justice, child support professionals and interpreters.

Since in the survey both closed and open questions were asked, the results are both of quantitative and qualitative nature. This enables us to map the existing expertise, beliefs and needs of the main actors in the field of pre-‐trial child interviewing. In line with the central theme of the conference, we wish to focus on the answers of respondents who raised delicate issues like adapting not only legal terminology but also general (adult) language to the linguistic level of the child. A very important question here is: who is responsible for this kind of adaptation, if necessary? This issue is of course closely related to the ethical code and the role of the interpreter: legal actors and

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even child support workers or psychologists think that it is the responsibility of the interpreter to adjust speech to fit the child’s linguistic maturity level. They often do not seem to be aware of the tightrope situation that the interpreter finds himself in: he is stuck between his ethical code and the expectations of the other professionals and those of the child interviewee. By analysing this specific part of the questionnaire, we want to create awareness and formulate recommendations for all participants of an interpreter-‐mediated interview with minors. Beaton-‐Thome, Morven Multi-‐ or Monolingual Realities? The role of interpreting in the EU In this paper, I intend to conceptualize the position of interpreting and interpreters within the European Union (EU), drawing on Bakhtin’s theory of dialogism. I will argue that although multilingualism as a democratic and leveling principle is firmly anchored in the institutional architecture and legislation of the EU, the realization of this principle in the day-‐to-‐day discourse of the institutions, mediated multilingually by interpreters, remains highly elitist and hegemonic. Building on previous work on interpreter positioning in the European Parliament (EP), I aim to illustrate that multilingual and interpreting policy, far from acting centrifugally to encourage diversity, functions far rather centripetally as a gatekeeper (Wodak 2007:82) to democratic debate in the institution, drawing on factors such as what languages are categorized as ‘official’ and hence ‘interpreted’ languages (a list from which major migrant languages in the EU are notably absent) and the dominant role of English in the interventions of the institutional elite.

In addition, I also intend to investigate the British experience of multilingualism in the EP by drawing on controversial EP debates involving UKIP MEPs and reports of these in the British press. I will argue that, in these cases, the actors involved function exclusively within the confines of the English language ‘version’ of the debate, created to a large extent by interpreters. In exclusively referencing the monolingual English ‘version’ of particular debates, both the MEPs and the journalists contribute to the monolingual entextualisation of multilingual interaction and, hence, negation of interpreter agency. Carfagnini, Astrid & Gallez, Emmanuelle Mediating interculturality in healthcare interpreting for asylum seekers and forced migrants This paper is based on authentic recordings of interpreter-‐mediated interactions within centres for asylum seekers, refugees and “forced” migrants in Italy, a setting in which “cultural mediators” play a central role. The analysis will focus on the mediator’s work in a naturally occurring medical bilingual interaction. Drawing on previous findings in the field, this paper describes how the cultural mediator manages and coordinates the encounter by adopting a “co-‐therapeutic attitude” (Pöchhacker & Kadric, 1999). Special attention will be given to aside exchanges in which the mediator plays an active role in establishing common ground between institutional and lay perspectives across languages, either by asking clarification questions or repairing communication failures, possibly with the risk to jeopardize the entire communicative process. The analysis will also use a socio-‐discursive approach to examine the shifting power relations and the interpreter’s positioning within this cross-‐cultural triadic exchange. Finally, the

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triangulation of these corpus-‐based findings with ethnographic data (interviews and field observation) will highlight the role of the cultural mediator in this sensitive bilingual setting. References Pöchhacker, F. & Kadrić, M. (1999) The Hospital Cleaner as Healthcare Interpreter. A Case Study. The Translator. Studies in Intercultural Communication 5(2), 161-‐178. Climent-‐Ferrando, Vicent Analyzing the discursive evolution of language in French debates on immigrant integration Over the last few years, migration movements have reached a scale and complexity that are unprecedented in most Western societies. As a result of globalization processes and the new international division of labor, the incorporation of new citizens into host societies has been one of the main factors leading to social, economic and political transformation as societies have increasingly become more heterogeneous, complex and linguistically diverse. Despite this societal multilingualism, an increasing number of countries are applying tougher language measures for immigrant integration, consolidating a language ideology based on one-‐nation, one language.

This paper presents a critical discourse analysis of the French policies on language for immigrant integration. It traces the evolution of how discourses on language have progressively mutated from immigrant integration to immigrant control, becoming the current dominant ideology and creating a linkage between these two previously separate domains. The paper analyzes empirically the compulsory language requirements adopted to enter, reside, reunite and naturalize as well as the rhetoric and the narrative devices employed to invoke national myths, conventions, identities and values aimed at legitimizing this utilitarian approach on language. It concludes that this new instrument – language – reveals strategic thinking by the French political elites to use a politically accepted rhetoric – integration, participation and inclusion – to achieve potentially objectionable and discriminatory outcomes of exclusion and control. Craig, Sarah What does it take to be fair to the multi lingual asylum applicant? This paper approaches the problem of asylum decision-‐making for multi-‐lingual applicants from the perspective of the decision-‐making process itself. The “due process” right to silence in criminal procedure aims to recognise the power relationships at play in that process by allowing the powerless one (the accused) to remain silent, without adverse inferences being drawn. There is a significant body of human rights jurisprudence on the meaning and content of the right to silence in criminal procedure. Asylum processes are administrative, not criminal, in nature and the asylum seeker must speak, so the “criminal” right to silence does not apply. However, the institutional power disparities are analogous, and the requirement to speak can result in all asylum seekers feeling as if they are at the whim of the process. Multi lingual applicants may feel further silenced, for example, by the interpreter ( Katrin Maryns). Starting with the different ways in which applicants may be silenced by the process, this paper seeks to explore how these silences “fit” with identifiable legal provisions about language, translation and interpretation in the asylum process ( e.g. in EU measures), which could, individually or cumulatively, be classed as, or contribute to, due process

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rights. Can ways be found of expressing “due process” rights to language so that the asylum process could accommodate the multi-‐lingual asylum applicant better? Curum Duman, Duygu Healthcare Interpreting in Turkey: An Institutional Perspective Healthcare system in Turkey has started to get integrated with in-‐house interpreting services in recent years. However, the practice is yet to be standardized in various hospitals types operating in the country. The aim of this presentation is to explore the field of healthcare interpreting provided at various healthcare institutions in Turkey, focusing on the role of interpreters who are, in the scope of this study, composed of refugees and expatriates from various neighboring countries, mostly from Iraq and Syria.

The data is compiled via interviews with healthcare interpreters working in private hospitals and through surveying the qualities and working conditions of the interpreters working at public hospitals. The interviews have been conducted with 12 interpreters working at private hospitals located in Istanbul, Turkey. 8 interpreters out of 12 speak Arabic as mother tongue and use it as the main working language. The responses received during the interviews will be analyzed and presented in comparison to the state of interpreters working at public hospitals. On the other hand, the legislation and the current conditions on the provision of healthcare interpreting in public hospitals will be described and presented by focusing on the qualities of the interpreters and their role in ensuring communication in medical settings within the limits of an officially-‐described service. As the study proposed to be presented is still in progress, the second analysis related to public hospitals is yet to be completed. Del Pozo, Maribel, Fernandes, Doris & Hertog, Erik Interpreting in gender violence settings in Spain: victims’ views on interpreter’s role Interpreting in gender-‐violence settings is still an unexplored area in community interpreting studies. However, the increasing incidence of gender violence experienced by European, and Spanish women in particular, warrants the development of specific training for interpreters who assist such victims, especially in the light of Directive 2012/29 EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 establishing minimum standards on the rights, support and protection of victims of crime. Article 7 of this Directive directly addresses the right to translation and interpretation of victims, stating that it should be ensured throughout all criminal proceedings. But this right is often violated in Spain when Spanish public administrations, which provide free interpretation for victims in police and legal settings, allow the hiring of unqualified interpreters, with unexpected and often negative consequences for victims. In this context, the Speak Out for Support (SOS-‐VICS) European co-‐funded project carried out extensive fieldwork to assess the interpreting needs of GV victims and of agents who assist them, and has produced specialised training materials for interpreters working in gender-‐violence settings. This paper presents part of the results of the interviews carried out with 12 victims in which they talk about their experience and views on interpreters’ work during such assistance process. The findings were then used to design didactic materials for training interpreters who work in these settings.

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Du, Biyu Interpreter-‐mediated legal-‐lay communication in the era of globalisation-‐Nigerians in Chinese courts The number of migrant women in South Korea has increased dramatically in recent decades with the population of so-‐called marriage migrants now over 235,000. The marriage migrants are mostly from Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, and the Philippine. Faced with demographic changes and social issues in the wake of the influx of marriage migrants, the South Korean government has implemented policies to support marriage migrants’ early settlement and adjustment to life in South Korea, and related public services have expanded to support their family life and child education. Interpreting and translation services have played a crucial role in the delivery of such migrant support programs. The services have been provided by migrant women who have successfully settled in South Korea, and this serves the dual purposes of providing employment to migrant women and providing language assistance to migrants and multicultural families. This paper discusses the positive side and negative side of the interpreting and translation services provided by the Multicultural Family Support Centres in the context of overall language services for migrant women in South Korea. Stephanie Feyne Impact of Ideology on Perceptions of Identity of Interpreted Deaf Lecturers Due to the institutional nature of interpreter’s talk, the misapprehension by interlocutors of interpreters solely as transparent animators, as well as the prosodic, lexical and pragmatic choices made by interpreters, interpreter-‐mediated discourse has an impact on monolingual addressees’ perceptions of the professional identity of Deaf presenters. Theoretical underpinnings are conversation analytic research on institutional talk, Goffman’s production format, and Bucholtz and Hall’s identity negotiation and authentication through speech.

In this study data collection was tripartite. Certified sign language interpreters rendered the ASL lectures of professional Deaf museum educators into spoken English. Native English-‐speaking museum evaluators evaluated the interpretations. Deaf evaluators evaluated the ASL source lectures. Each assessed the Deaf lecturers for markers of professionalism demonstrated in their communication.

Data show that evaluators who viewed the lectures in the source language awarded higher levels of competence in communication style, knowledge and appropriateness for museum work than did evaluators who were recipients of interpretation into English. Miscues and stylistic choices in the interpreter’s renditions were ascribed to the Deaf lecturers, with negative impacts on perceptions of the lecturers’ professionalism, understanding of institutional norms, and employability. Qualitative responses from recipients reveal an ideology of interpretation that leads to problematic utterances being ascribed to originators rather than interpreters. Thus, even in interactions between professional participants in institutional settings, the ideology of recipients promotes the privilege of interpreters and allows their mediation to contribute to a problematic perception of the identity of non-‐majority language interlocutors. References Blommaert, J. (2001) ‘Context is/as Critique’, Critique of Anthropology, 21(1), pp. 13-‐32. Briggs, Charles & Bauman, Richard (1992) “Genre, Intertextuality and Power”. Journal of Linguistic

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Anthropology 2:2, pp. 131-‐172. Bucholtz, Mary & Hall, Kira (2003) “Language and Identity”. In Duranti, Alessandro (ed) A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 365-‐294. Bucholtz, Mary & Hall, Kira (2005) “Identity and interaction: a sociolcultural linguistic approach.” Discourse Studies 7, pp. 585-‐614 Davidson, Brad (2000) “The interpreter as institutional gatekeeper: The social-‐linguistic role of interpreters in Spanish-‐English medical discourse”. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4:3, pp. 379-‐405. Drew, Paul & Heritage, John (1992) “Analyzing Talk at Work: An Introduction”. In Drew, Paul & Heritage, John (eds) Talk at Work: Interaction in institutional settings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3-‐65. Janzen, Terry & Shaffer, Barbara (2008) “Intersubjectivity in interpreted interactions: The interpreter’s role in co-‐constructing meaning”. In Zlatev, Jordan; Racine, Timothy; Sinha, Chris & Itkonen, Esa (eds) The Shared Mind: Perspectives on Intersubjectivity. Philadelphia: John Benjamins Company, pp. 333-‐355. Kroskrity, Paul V. (2000) “Identity”. In Duranti, Alessandro (ed) Key Terms in Language and Culture. Malden: Wiley-‐Blackwell, pp. 106-‐109. Pöchhacker, Franz (2012) “Interpreting participation: Conceptual analysis and illustration of the interpreter’s role in interaction.” In Baraldi, Claudio & Gavioli, Laura (eds) Coordinating Participation in Dialogue Interpreting. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 45-‐70. Dabic, Mascha Precarious balance: Interpreting in psychotherapy Survivors of war and torture may encounter difficulties in speaking about their traumatic experiences for both linguistic and psychological reasons. Interpreters working in therapy sessions with traumatised clients therefore need particular skills, such as the ability to deal with upsetting or disturbing content and to function as gatekeepers whilst simultaneously remaining neutral and yet visible as individuals, characterised by their origin, age, gender, linguistic background, professional training, working experience etc.

Intercultural interpreter-‐mediated psychotherapy can help traumatised asylum seekers and refugees to integrate in the host country. Interpreting in psychotherapy is embedded in the broader theoretical context of community interpreting, which refers to working with asylum seekers, refugees and migrants. In psychotherapy language not only serves for communication but is also crucial to diagnosis and therapy. Thus interpreters have to attach great care to what is being said and how it is being said.

The current state of research suggests that there are various models of cooperation in interpreter-‐mediated psychotherapy, concerning the degree of empathy/involvement or neutrality/abstinence required of the interpreter.

The research project presented in this paper aims to analyse the role of the interpreter in psychotherapy, taking into account the perspectives of all the parties involved, i.e. including that of the individual clients, who have so far been neglected in relevant research. The methodological core of the project includes semi-‐structured qualitative interviews with clients, psychotherapists and interpreters. The overall aim of the project is to help improve working conditions for interpreters and optimise communication within the given context. Haviland, John Tzotzil interpreting and the American (in)justice system: orders of engagement of an emigrant Mayan Starting with the dramatic case of a fifteen-‐year-‐old Chamula boy, detained by Federal authorities in Mississippi after his older brothers were arrested and deported back to

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Mexico for immigration violations, I consider both the legal theory and the ordinary practices of interpreters in certain legal settings in the United States—in this case, asylum proceedings for minors. Constitutional guarantees require that non-‐speakers of English—considered linguistically “disabled” under North American law—be provided with interpretation in official contexts. Children, in particular, are considered especially vulnerable and thus receive additional legal protection and assistance, complicated when they speak no English. However, in addition to the near-‐impossibility of finding interpreters for most indigenous languages of Mexico and Central America, the minimally triadic social relationships inherent to all interpreting and the fragmentary nature of the encounters between different elements of the triad (interviewer, interviewee, and mediating interpreter) confound the original purposes that interpreting is meant to serve. As I trace this Tzotzil child’s progress through the legal system, I track as well the different orders of engagement between the interpreter (in this case, myself—an ethnographer moonlighting as an officer of the bureaucracy), the child himself (incarcerated in Texas) and his family home in Chiapas, and the never ending army of police, Federal agents, lawyers, psychologists, counsellors, and judges—who produce a dossier of mediated conversations and textual sediments that ultimate determine the boy’s fate. Krystallidou, Demi Intepreters' (dis)empowering monolingual entextualisations in multilingual healthcare settings The study of interpreter-‐mediated interactions in multilingual institutional settings has provided ample evidence of interpreters exercising agency (Wadensjö 1998, Bolden 2000, Davidson 2000, Angelelli 2004, Merlini & Favaron 2005, Gavioli & Baraldi 2011). However, to date, there is little research on the impact of the entextualisation process by professional interpreters on the realization of doctors’ and migrant patients’ interaction within the framework of patient-‐centred communication.

In this paper I seek to contribute to this strand of research by investigating i) the resources used by professional interpreters during the entextualisation process of doctors’ patient-‐centred invitations to patients’ and patients’ responses in interaction; ii) the way in which the interpreters’ entextualisation is taken up by doctors and patients, and iii) whether and to what extent this affects the patients’ involvement in interaction and consequently in the decision making process and treatment.

Coded instances of doctor-‐patient interaction as suggested in models of patient-‐centred communication are analyzed by applying interactional analysis while drawing on aspects of CDA and multimodal analysis. The data come from a corpus of authentic interpreter-‐mediated consultations in multilingual healthcare settings in Flanders. It will be shown that interpreters employ a set of strategies which at times might result in interpreters giving voice (Blommaert 2005) to doctors and patients in a seemingly empowering way. However, a second level of analysis reveals that participants’ voices (Blommaert 2005) might at times be incompatible with participants’ interactional goals leading often to the primary participants’ disempowerment. References Angelelli, C.V. (2004). Medical interpreting and cross-‐cultural communication. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Blommaert, J. (2005) Discourse. A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bolden, G. (2000). Toward understanding practices of medical interpreting: Interpreters’ involvement in

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history taking. Discourse Studies, 2, 387-‐419. Davidson, B. (2000). The interpreter as institutional gatekeeper: The social-‐linguistic role of interpreters in Spanish-‐English medical discourse. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 4, 379-‐405. Gavioli, L. & Baraldi, C. (2011). Interpreter-‐mediated interaction in healthcare and legal settings: Talk organization, context and the achievement of intercultural communication. Interpreting, 13(2), 205-‐233. Merlini, R. & Favaron, R. (2005). Examining the “voice of interpreting” in speech pathology. Interpreting, 7(2), 263-‐302. Wadensjö, C. (1998). Interpreting as interaction. London: Longman. Lee, Jieun Interpreting and translation services for migrant women in South Korea The number of migrant women in South Korea has increased dramatically in recent decades with the population of so-‐called marriage migrants now over 235,000. The marriage migrants are mostly from Asian countries such as China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Mongolia, and the Philippine. Faced with demographic changes and social issues in the wake of the influx of marriage migrants, the South Korean government has implemented policies to support marriage migrants’ early settlement and adjustment to life in South Korea, and related public services have expanded to support their family life and child education. Interpreting and translation services have played a crucial role in the delivery of such migrant support programs. The services have been provided by migrant women who have successfully settled in South Korea, and this serves the dual purposes of providing employment to migrant women and providing language assistance to migrants and multicultural families. This paper discusses the positive side and negative side of the interpreting and translation services provided by the Multicultural Family Support Centres in the context of overall language services for migrant women in South Korea. Määttä, Simo The interpreter’s responsibility and linguistic authority in asylum interviews The interpreter is a key factor in the process through which the asylum seeker’s story is entextualized, i.e. transformed into a written document which becomes the centerpiece of his or her asylum file. Thus, in certain studies (e.g. Jacquemet 2009), the interpreter’s incompetence has been identified as a major source of errors with important consequences to the asylum seeker’s case. However, often such studies fail to acknowledge the structural, ideological, and discursive constraints that restrict the interpreter’s agency and ability to provide “accurate” translations. On the other hand, the entextualization process itself has been identified as a practice characterized by structural and ideological limitations inevitably leading to transcripts and decisions that typically have a negative effect on the asylum case (e.g. Blommaert 2001). This paper examines the interpreter’s responsibility and linguistic authority in the asylum interview with a particular focus on the ethical conflict between professional code of conduct and general ethical responsibility. The paper is based on participant observation as a public service interpreter between Finnish, on the one hand, and English, French, and Spanish, on the other hand, in Helsinki metropolitan area in Finland. This observation extends from 2004 to the present day and comprises hundreds of encounters between public service providers and service users, including approximately 50 asylum interviews conducted both by the police and the immigration service.

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References Blommaert, J. (2001). Investigating narrative inequality: African asylum seekers’ stories in Belgium. Discourse & Society 12(4), 413-‐449. Jacquemet, M. (2009). Transcribing refugees: The entextualization of asylum seekers’ hearings in a transidiomatic environment. Text & Talk 29(5), 525-‐546. Masadeh-‐Tate, Orieb Non-‐Professional Interpreting: A Violation of Migrant Domestic Workers’ Human Rights The wide spread phenomenon of hiring migrant domestic workers (MDW) in the Arab world is on the rise. The Jordanian government estimates that there are 70,000 MDWs in Jordan alone, a country of 6.5 million. In accordance to Article 6 (3) (e) of the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) “everyone charged with a criminal offence [has the right] to have the free assistance of an interpreter if he cannot understand or speak the language used in court”.

Most disputes arising between MDWs and their employers in Jordan are primarily dealt with at the employment agencies or police stations before reaching the court. In solving these disputes MDWs rely on non-‐professional interpreters (individual interpreters who do not receive pay for their services). Those individuals are often MDWs themselves who learnt to speak Arabic through working in Jordan or other Arab countries, or other MDWs who use English as an intermediary language. While this remains and will continue to be the most widespread form of interpreting it constitute a major area of concern touching on both the rights of the MDWs and the professionalism of interpreting.

This paper addresses three aspects: The domestic workers’ right to a professional (paid) interpreter at all stages of dispute-‐solving, the use of non-‐ professional interpreters and their acknowledgment in the field of interpreting studies, and finally the issue of in-‐direct interpreting and its effect on the quality of the interpreted material. The paper suggests forward looking strategies to ensure the professionalism of interpreting and its recognition as a human right for all MDWs. Parkin, Christina The Interpreter in a Linguistic Minefield -‐ Working with Allophones into English in Quebec Quebec, a unilingual francophone province with a minority of Anglophone citizens in a bilingual country, has developed a complex system of language laws and policies to regulate the use of English. In recent decades, a large and growing number of allophone immigrants have settled on the island of Montreal. As these immigrants have a very limited command of English or French, they require the assistance of an interpreter, especially in the areas of health and social services where – for political, economic and social reasons – the interpretation services offered to this group are either insufficient or inexistent.

This paper presents a synopsis of the legislative, institutional and ideological framework regulating interpreter-‐assisted communications and social interactions between allophones and English-‐ speaking health care providers in a unilingual francophone province, and analyzes the tensions between the Quebec language legislation and the actual interpretation needs of the allophone population. Data describing the patient population and their interpretation needs of a publicly-‐ funded

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English-‐language hospital in a multi-‐ethnic neighborhood in Montreal will illustrate the impact of the tensions on the quality of health services provided by this institution before studying a potential solution which might help bridge the language barriers and tensions in English-‐speaking health care services in Montreal. Patrick, Peter L & Fitzgerald, Carlie The transformation of experience in asylum narratives We examine interpreted monologic narratives told by asylum seekers during UK asylum applications, attending to issues of reportability, credibility and evaluation. The narratives occur first in interviews and are then transformed and entextualized by bureaucrats (Blommaert 2005) in letters refusing asylum applications. Though interviews are carried out via interpreters and hand-‐ recorded in English, asylum seekers are held responsible for the transformed versions of their contents. Narratives focus on events supporting claims of persecution, and typically involve brutality, violence, oppression and/or victimisation. Such narratives are highly reportable in Labov’s (2013) terms, justifying automatic reassignment of speaker role to tellers even in highly structured bureaucratic interviews (Sarangi & Slembrouck 1996). However, not only is reportability inversely correlated with credibility in general, but credibility is crucial to the success of asylum applications: finding that asylum seeker accounts lack credibility is the most common reason for refusal. In the process of condensation and reformulation that produces refusal letters, we show how in the bureaucratic version events are omitted, actors are stripped of or assigned agency, and details are mistaken, invented or deleted – ironically, since “lacks detail” is a standard criticism of asylum speakers’ accounts and a contributing factor in assessment of credibility. At the same time narrative-‐internal evaluation by tellers may be discounted, bureaucratic accounts often add elaborate external evaluation. Thus even when narrative performance is allowed and narrative form is significantly preserved (not always the case), institutional relevance trumps experiential (Maryns 2006), pretextuality disenfranchises the speaker, and the asylum seeker’s voice is lost. References Blommaert, Jan. 2005. Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Labov, William. 2013. The language of life and death: Transformations of experience in oral narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Maryns, Katrijn. 2006. The asylum speaker: Language in the Belgian asylum procedure. Manchester: St Jerome Publishing. Sarangi, Srikant, & Slembrouck, Stefaan. 1996. Language, bureaucracy and social control. London: Longman. Renna, Dora & Taronna, Annarita Re-‐defining the role of language and cultural mediators beyond the "host-‐guest" dichotomy This paper aims to investigate the role and identity of language and cultural mediators who currently work in the state of migration emergency and settlement in Italy as the host country. In particular, drawing on the controversial debate o the topic affecting the field of interpreting, translation and mediation studies, the research attempt here is to discuss how of the opposition between mediators coming from either the “host” or the “guest” country is often an unfruitful dichotomy which reflects both an unspecified code of professional ethics and the vagueness of national guidelines concerning the

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mediator’s task. To this end, the state of the art of language and culture mediation in Italy will be retraced and fleshed out along with a wider comparative analysis focusing on two other European host countries, that is Spain and the UK.

On this background, the paper also reports on semi-‐structured interviews conducted with several mediators belonging to either the ‘host’ or the ‘guest’ group and working for non-‐profit organisations across Italy, Spain and the UK. The questions addressed tackle a range of issues concerning the mediators’ language, cultural and professional background, the different labels used to define their role and the way they actually define themselves, and the use of English as a lingua franca in their daily practice of language and cultural mediation.

The provisional findings shed light on the need to recognize the ‘host’ and the ‘guest’ mediators as ‘ideally’ complementary figures since the complexity of the work itself has been found to require a joint effort and a cooperate team ‘equipped’ with the broadest array of skills and competences possible. Sandersova, Marie Migrants as pro-‐active partners in community interpreting Migration is often a result of economic and social inequity. Despite voices that migrants and asylum seekers drain the host country, migration can bring positive change to the host country and can put an end to stagnation. Migration is perceived as one of the main factors of social transformation and development within all regions of the world and the Czech Republic is no different. Migrants have been interested in the country since it became an independent legal entity in 1993.

In this paper I will present migrants and asylum seekers as active players who have initiated projects which have led to the true onset of community interpreting (CI) in the Czech Republic. Currently, there are several initiatives run by NGOs which directly involve migrants as dynamic partners facilitating communication between minorities and various stakeholders.

The first project which I will introduce was launched by a refugee from former Yugoslavia. So far it has piloted an interpreting service for integration and adaptation courses for third country migrants in 7 languages including Mongolian on behalf of the Ministry of Interior and institutions dealing with migration and immigration. The other project trains interpreters -‐ migrants or foreigners, irrespective of which generation, who maintain an active connection to their native tongue and its culture. After qualification, they are employed as interpreters for hospitals, schools, local authorities, etc. Thanks to these initiatives awareness of accessible and reliable CI is being spread to migrants and other stakeholders. Siebetcheu, Raymond Language choices in multilingual football teams Until recently, only few researches have dealt with the linguistic diversity in football teams. Nevertheless, if the sociolinguistic of globalization is perforce the sociolinguistics of mobility (Blommaert, 2010:37), the global nature of football, determined by the tremendous mobility of players, and its glocal identity, related to the fact that football is well rooted in every country, is interesting for sociolinguistics studies. With this backdrop in mind, this paper aims to analyze the language choices in football teams, considered as complex linguistic ecosystems or multilingual working environments

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(Lavric et al., 2008). The work, focusing on professional and non professional European football teams, proposes a methodological approach, based on interviews and electronic media sources to identify and manage the dynamics of multilingualism and language choices in European football leagues. Actually, foreign football players can choose between the many languages of the countries in which they played during their football career but also between their mother tongues or languages of education (Siebetcheu, 2013). Through a demo-‐linguistic overview, the research reveals for instance that the 1300 foreign players who have been recorded in the “big-‐5 European football leagues”, come from more than 70 countries and speak at least 40 languages. Considering the „collective multilingualism‟ of the football leagues and the „individual multilingualism‟ of professional and non professional players, determined by their complex linguistic repertoires, the paper examines the language choice of foreign players on the pitch and off the pitch. References Blommaert, J. 2010. A Sociolinguistics of Globalization. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press. Lavric, E./ Pisek G./ Skinner, A./ Stadler W. (eds) 2008.The linguistics of football. Tuebingen:Narr. Siebetcheu, R. 2013, Le lingue in campo il campo delle lingue. Competenze linguistiche dei calciatori stranieri e gestioni dei campi plurilingui. In Studi Italiani di Linguistica Teorica e Applicata, XLII, 2013 (1): 183-‐214.

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Taronna, Annarita Translation as a geo-‐political project: practising cultural mediation from the overcrowded boats to the detention camps across the Mediterranean This paper will report on a research project that involved conducting interviews with 12 volunteer interpreters, translators and cultural mediators who work for non-‐profit organizations that aim to assist the newly-‐arrived migrants landed on the Southern-‐Italian shores not only by interpreting for them, but also advising and helping the ‘boat people’ to claim and negotiate their rights in the ‘hosting’ country. Interview questions addressed a range of issues, such as the extent to which the experience of ‘mediating’ for the ‘boat people’ has impacted the volunteer’s conception of translation; whether they subscribe to or empathize with the stories they interpret and translate; and, importantly, whether they conceive of their translation work as a practice of ‘activist’ cultural mediation. Furthermore, drawing on the current debate on the several modes in which alterity and diversity are construed through language, the paper also intends to trigger a reflection on the relationshiop between translation and the politics of hospitality in the Mediterranean, and to examine to what extent volunteer translators and cultural mediators can ‘humanize’ the migrants’ transfer and staying at the different detention centers across Italy. The provisional findings suggest that the interviewed translators and cultural mediators construct a community of volunteers who work not as a mere aggregation of individuals achieving only the central task of translation, but as a ‘living’ network held together by a sense of identification with a set of common values and powerful narratives that underpin a new sense of transnational and translocal citizenship. Van De Mieroop, Dorien Relational Talk Within and Across Participation Frameworks in Interpreted Medical Interactions Even though the importance of relational talk in institutional interactions as a crucial buttress for constructing and negotiating interpersonal relationships has been extensively demonstrated in sociolinguistic studies, it has never been the object of analysis in interpreted interactions. Given the interpreters’ well-‐documented role of gatekeeper in such interactions, it is particularly interesting to investigate when and how relational talk occurs in these interactions. Two types of relational talk can be discerned, namely: (1) fragments in which the relational talk sequence takes place in one framework and is not translated by the interpreter, and (2) fragments in which there is a translation of the relational talk sequence, hence involving all the participants in relational talk across participation frameworks. The analyses uncover that interpreters hold a pivotal role as full participants in these relational talk sequences and that issues of power come into play as well. Van De Walle, Céline, Van Praet, Ellen & Krystallidou, Demi Towards a development of best practices in the training of community interpreters in health care Although the benefits of relying on professional interpreters in healthcare are repeatedly stressed (Verrept & Louckx 1997, Bischoff et al. 2003, Berckmans et al. 2004, Cohen et al. 2005, Diamond et al. 2009, Karliner et al. 2011), interactional analysis of

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authentic interpreter-‐mediated consultations reveals that doctors and interpreters often have intrinsically incompatible interactional goals (Krystallidou 2012, 2013), which may influence the quality of communication in multilingual healthcare settings. A few researchers have highlighted the need for the launch and expansion of joint training sessions involving both doctors and interpreters within the framework of intercultural, interpreter-‐mediated communication (skills) in healthcare (Fernandez & Schenker 2010, Krystallidou 2014). However, to date, very few training curricula of this kind exist. In a bid to contribute to the expansion and research-‐based development of joint training efforts, we investigate current practices in the training and provision of interpreter-‐mediated communication, while taking all stakeholders’ views into account, i.e. doctors, patients, interpreters, trainers. To this end, two corpora consisting of authentic and simulated video recorded interpreter-‐mediated consultations and a corpus of semi structured interviews with (trainee) doctors, (trainee) interpreters and trainers from both fields will be analyzed, drawing on CA, aspects of multimodal analysis and qualitative content analysis. The data will be collected in an urban hospital in Flanders. This paper, situated within a recently launched PhD project, will provide some first insights into interactional patterns and participants’ views, highlighting areas of concern that need to be addressed in the development and implementation of joint training curricula. References Berckmans, V., Dhaeze, R., Debeuckelaere, E., Reynders, C., Van Bauwel, L. , Van Hulle, A., Vanspauwen, M., Wun Yu, W. & Verrept, H. (2004). Coördinatoren interculturele bemiddeling: Interculturele gangmakers in het ziekenhuis. Hospitalia, 1, 20-‐27. Bischoff, A., Bovier, P.A., Rrustemi, I., Gariazzo, F., Eytan, A. & Loutan, L. (2003a). Language barriers between nurses and asylum seekers: Their impact on symptom and referral. Social Science and Medicine, 57, 503-‐512. Cohen, A.L., Rivara, F., Marcuse, E.K., McPhillips, H. & Davis, R. (2005). Are language barriers associated with serious medical events in hospitalized pediatric patients? Pediatrics, 116(3), 575-‐579. Diamond, L.C., Schenker, Y., Curry, L., Bradley, E.H. & Fernandez, A. (2009). Getting by: Underuse of interpreters by resident physicians. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 24(2), 256-‐262. Fernandez, A. and Schenker, Y. (2010) Time to establish national standards and certification for health care interpreters. Patient Education & Counseling 78 (2), 139-‐140. Karliner, L.S., Hwang, E.S., Nickleach, D. & Kaplan, C.P. (2011). Language barriers and patient-‐centred breast cancer care. Patient Education & Counseling, 84, 223-‐228. Krystallidou, D. (2012) On mediating agents' moves and how they might affect patient-‐centredness in mediated medical consultations. Linguistica Antverpiensia 11, 75-‐93. -‐(2013) "The interpreter’s role in medical consultations as perceived and as interactionally negotiated. A study of a Flemish hospital setting, using interview data and video recorded interactions." PhD diss., Ghent University. -‐(2014) Gaze and body orientation as an apparatus for patient inclusion into/exclusion from a patient-‐centred framework of communication. The Interpreter and Translator Trainer 8 (3) Verrept, H. & Louckx, F. (1997). Health advocates in Belgian health care. In A. Ugalde & G. Gardenas (Eds.) Health and social services among interational labor migrants: A comparative perspective. Austin, Texas: CMAS-‐books, 67-‐86. Vermeiren, Hildegard Ideology in the Belgian Asylum Procedure. The impact of the Belgian linguistic context Issues of asymmetry and entextualisation in Belgian asylum registration and hearings have been investigated by linguists (Blommaert, Gómez, Jacquemet, Maryns). Ideological frames (intruders vs. victims) concerning asylum-‐seekers have drawn the attention of

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communication scholars (Van Gorp). In 2012 78% of the asylum applications were rejected and 62% of the asylum applicants lodged an appeal (OCRS). Asylum procedures are subject to the language legislation in the Brussels area where all applications are forwarded to. Decisive for the selection of the language in which the application will be processed is the so-‐called personality principle. Within this framework applications are processed either in Dutch or in French further to the applicants’ will or the administrative decision made at the outset of the procedure. This results in a series of barriers. Reasons for lodging an appeal include: • Administrative errors: the language in which the application will be processed has

changed unexpectedly • Language barriers: should the application be processed in Dutch, it is very likely for

the candidate to require two interpreters to assist with his/her language barrier. This might generate new difficulties.

An additional barrier: In Flanders the intruder-‐frame applies, in Wallonia the victim-‐frame. This might have repercussions on different levels. In this paper I investigate whether the selection of French or Dutch as the language of the procedure may affect the possibility of granting the refugee status. The data, both oral and written, come from 100 cases from the first and 85 cases from the second court of appeal. References Blommaert, J. (2001) Investigating narrative Inequality: African Asylum Seekers’ Stories in Belgium. Discourse & Society 12:413, pp. 413-‐449. Commissariaat-‐Generaal voor Vluchtelingen en Staatlozen-‐CGVS (2013) Jaarverslag 2012. Brussel: CGVS. Gibbons, J. (2003) Forensic Linguistics. An Introduction to Language in the Justice system. Malden: Blackwell. Gómez Díez, I. (2011) Asylum interviews as interrogations to unmask bogus refugees: the case of Belgian asylum agencies. Journal of Applied Linguistics and professional Practice vol. 8.1 pp. 23-‐47. Gómez Díez, I. (2011). How officials’ styles of recording the asylum seekers’ statements in reports affect the assessment of applications: the case of Belgian asylum agencies. Text &Talk 31-‐5, pp. 553-‐577. Jacquemet, M. (2010) The registration interview: restricting refugees’ narrative performance. Baker, M. Critical Readings in Translation Studies. pp. 134-‐151. London/New York: Routledge. Jacquemet, M. (2011) Crosstalk 2.0: Asylum and communicative breakdowns. Text & Talk 31-‐4, pp. 475-‐ 497. Maryns, K. (2005) Monolingual language ideologies and code choice in the Belgian Asylum procedure. Language and Communication 25, pp. 299-‐314. Maryns, K. (2006) The Asylum Speaker. Language in the Belgian Asylum Procedure. Manchester: St Jerome. Maryns, K. (2013) Disclosure and (re)performance of gender-‐based evidence in an interpreter-‐mediated asylum interview. Journal of sociolinguistics 17/5, pp. 661-‐686. Office of the Commissioner-‐General for Refugees and Stateless Persons-‐OCRS (2013) Annual Report 2012. Schieffelin, B., Woolard,K & P. Kroskrity (eds.) (1998) Language Ideologies. Practice and Theory. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press. Van Gorp, B. (2005) Victims and Intruders in the Belgian Coverage of the Asylum Issues. European Journal of Communication 20, pp. 484-‐507. Viezzi, Maurizio Challenges and opportunities of societal multilingualism The expanding diversity of Europe’s social fabric has brought to the fore a wide range of issues revolving around language and languages: from the recognition and enforcement of linguistic rights to the effective implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union; from Europe-‐wide and national legislation in the field of

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language assistance in public services to the actual provision of language assistance to the benefit of both service users and service providers; from the nature of linguistic mediation vs. cultural mediation to the status and role of those who provide language assistance in public services; from (professional) ethics to reliability; from the interactional dimension of dialogue interpreting to the identification of specific quality parameters; from service providers’ expectations to service providers’ education; from training courses for the current and future interpreters to their professionalisation. The paper will deal with these issues – which are at the same time challenges to be met and opportunities to be seized – with particular reference to the findings of a research project on cross-‐linguistic communication in police and court settings, carried out in Trieste in 2012-‐2013 (Falbo 2014). References Falbo C. (2014) “I risultati emersi dal progetto FRA 2011”, in Falbo C. / Viezzi M. (eds). Traduzione e interpretazione per la società e le istituzioni, Trieste, EUT, 19-‐39.

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Abstracts Data sessions Van Praet, Ellen, De Wilde, July & Rillof, Pascal Making ends meet: A communication matrix for multilingual service encounters Social services and public services are facing a remarkable diversity of clients today. Existing tools for communication do not always work or are not used efficiently. To better bridge the communication gap between service providers and multilingual immigrant clients, Kruispunt Migratie-‐Integratie, an independent organization, recognized and subsidized by the Flemish government to develop expertise on migration, integration and ethno-‐cultural diversity set up a joint exploratory research with Ghent University and Kind & Gezin (K&G), the organization that monitors childcare for the Flemish authorities in Belgium. Closely collaborating with practitioners and policymakers, Ghent University researchers analyzed 74 video recorded conversations between K &G service providers and immigrant mothers, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The project was financed by Kruispunt Migratie-‐Integratie, the data collection was done by Kind & Gezin, the filmed excerpts were coded, analyzed and systematically incorporated into Nvivo10 by Ghent University researchers. In cooperation with the language policy coordinator of Kruispunt Migratie-‐Integratie (Pascal Rillof), Ghent University researchers developed a communication matrix listing the communication tools which are, can and should ideally be used in a service context so that more cost-‐efficient and effective service can be provided without sacrificing service quality. The matrix serves as a benchmark against which public service encounters with new speakers of Dutch may be measured in the future. The results have been delivered to Kind & Gezin for further follow up and training of the organization’s staff. Tying in with the colloquium’s thematic concern of the tension between institutional deontology and practices of language use, we will juxtapose the findings of our research to the new policies on migration and integration in Belgium, focusing on four principal questions: first, why is proficiency in a single ‘national’, ’legitimate’ language invoked as the touchstone of social cohesion and integration?; Secondly, what do the language requirements enshrined in these policies entail for the day to day practices of service providers working with multilingual immigrants?; Thirdly, are the policies workable?; And, finally, can a communication matrix which builds on emic concerns of clients and service providers, add to delegitimizing the use of the ‘national’, ‘legitimate’ language in public service encounters with multilingual immigrants? Angermeyer, Philipp & Maryns, Katrijn Same language interaction and/or interpreting in procedural encounters with migrants In a society which is becoming ever more globalized, increased minority participation amounts to higher visibility of linguistic inequalities in institutional encounters. In this data session, we will present and analyse two such encounters, viz. a witness hearing in a murder trial that came before the Belgian Assize Court (Antwerp, 2007), and an arbitration hearing in small claims court (New York City 2005). The analysis starts from the observation that the minority speakers draw on a broad range of communicative resources to position themselves and others in the social activity they are engaged in. The data demonstrate that, no matter how valuable for speakers to constitute their identity, their multilingual repertoire is perceived as a problem that calls for immediate

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remedial action. The following questions relating to language choice in immigrant institutional encounters will be addressed: Are the interests of linguistic minority speakers best served if they express themselves in their native language through an interpreter? Would it be useful to consider alternative strategies as a means to combine the advantages of direct communication with the assistance of an interpreter? How do institutional practices and language ideologies constrain the ability of minority language speakers to make their voices heard?

name firstname institution email

1 Angermeyer Philipp York University [email protected]

2 Anthonissen Christine Universiteit Stellenbosch [email protected]

3 Avelaneda Origuela Daniella Uninove [email protected]

4 Balogh Katalin KuLeuven Campus Antwerpen [email protected]

5 Beaton-Thome Morven Cologne University of Applied Sciences [email protected]

6 Blommaert Jan Tilburg University [email protected]

7 Carfagnini Astrid UMONS [email protected]

8 Climent-Ferrando Vicent Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona [email protected]

9 Cochie Wouter Universiteit Gent - FLW Vakgroep VTC [email protected]

10 Craig Sarah University of Glasgow [email protected]

11 Dabic Mascha Centre for Translation Studies (Vienna) [email protected]

12 De Wilde July Ghent University [email protected]

13 Defrancq Bart Ghent University [email protected]

14 Du Biyu The University of Hong Kong [email protected]

15 Duman Duygu Yildiz Technical University [email protected]

16 Evrin Feyza Mainz University [email protected]

17 Fernandes del Pozo Maria Dolores University of Vigo [email protected]

18 Feyne Stephanie Hunter College, CUNY [email protected]

19 FitzGerald Carlie University of Essex [email protected]

20 Gallez Emmanuelle KU Leuven [email protected]

21 Gaunt Kerensa Gap year pre-Cambridge University [email protected]

22 Haviland John University of California, San Diego [email protected]

23 Hertog Erik KU Leuven [email protected]

24 Inghilleri Moira Umass Amherst [email protected]

25 Ivobotenko Elena Ghent University [email protected]

26 Kaya Sevdag Ghent University [email protected]

27 Krystallidou Demi Ghent University [email protected]

28 Lee Jieun Ewha Womans University [email protected]

29 Määttä Simo University of Helsinki [email protected]

30 Maryns Katrijn Ghent University [email protected]

31 Masadeh-Tate Orieb Salford Univeristy O.Masadeh-Tate@ Salford.ac.uk

32 Meyer Bernd Mainz University [email protected]

33 Monteoliva Eloisa Heriot-Watt University [email protected]

34 Parkin Christina FTSK Germersheim [email protected]

35 Parlevliet Tom Ghent University [email protected]

36 Patrick Peter University of Essex [email protected]

37 Pauwels Paul KU Leuven Antwerp Campus [email protected]

38 Reynolds Judith Durham University, UK [email protected]

39 Rillof Pascal Kruispunt Migratie-Integratie [email protected]

40 Salaets Heidi KU Leuven campus Antwerpen [email protected]

41 Sandersova Marie Palacky University Olomouc [email protected]

42 Segers Lisa Universiteit Gent [email protected]

43 Siebetcheu Raymond University for Foreigners of Siena [email protected]

44 Slembrouck Stef Ghent University [email protected]

45 Spotti Massimiliano Babylon Centre - Tilburg University [email protected]

46 Szabo Peter Tilburg University [email protected]

47 Taronna Annarita University of Bari [email protected]

48 Valbona Sema Tolk‐ en Vertaalservice Gent [email protected]

49 Van De Mieroop Dorien KU Leuven [email protected]

50 Van De Walle Céline Universiteit Gent [email protected]

51 Van den Hende Ria Faculteit Letteren en Wijsbegeerte, VTC [email protected]

52 Van Der Poten Steven Commissariaat Generaal voor de Vluchtelingen [email protected]

53 Van Herreweghe Mieke Ghent University [email protected]

54 Van Praet Ellen Ghent University [email protected]

55 Vandenbroucke Mieke Ghent University [email protected]

56 Vermeiren Hildegard Universiteit Gent [email protected]

57 Viezzi Maurizio Università degli Studi di Trieste [email protected]

58 Wadensjö Cecilia Stockholm University [email protected]

59 Yeroshina Olga Kruispunt Migratie-Integratie Brussel/ ITV Hogeschool Utrecht [email protected]

Alles in 1 - UGentInghilleri!! DepartmentofLanguages,Literaturesand Cultures, UMASS Amherst,...

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