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All You Need To Know About Writing A Research Paper
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ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT WRITING A RESEARCH PAPERBy Kaitlyn Froelich
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Welcome
As you make your way through this PowerPoint
presentation, you will learn how to effectively write a
well-written research paper.
Click here to begin!
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Menu:Why do we research?
Taking ControlTypes of Sources
Plagiarism and How to Avoid itMaking Your Voice Present
Writing Formats
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Self-Test
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Why Research?
We research because intuition can be completely wrong. As we grow older, we
assume ideas and thoughts and believe
them to be true. However, once a person
researches a specific topic, we open up our
minds to learning more about the subject.
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Why Research?
(cont.)
An article was published in 2013, around late February,
that discussed which was more dangerous: motorcycles or horseback riding. Naturally,
many people assume the motorcycles are more
dangerous. However, the articles main point was that
horseback riding is more dangerous because the horse is alive and the motorcycle is
not.
Want an Example?
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Taking Control of the Essay
Whose your
audience? Are they an expert on the topic?
Or, are they going to be new to
the topic?Will your paper be friendly?
Or hostile?
Who are you?Expert
?
Novice?Amateu
r?
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What’s your goal?
Present the
information?Or argue an opinion?
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Remember!
You can always sharpen your research paper, but not
broaden your research paper once it has been started!
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Types of Sources:There
are Two Types of Sources
PrimarySeconda
ry
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Primary
Sources
A Primary source is original information
.
For example: a survey I conducted myself on campus.
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Secondary
Sources
A secondary source is about primary
sources.
For example: a book on the life of Martin Luther King.
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Where to find sources?Typically, the first place many people go
to find sources for their research is the library. This is an excellent place to go because you can find printed sources, whether they are books, magazines, or brochures, to find information on the
topic you have chosen.
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Other Types of Sources: interviews with people who have specialized
knowledge on the topic
Radio
Television
conducting your own survey
Conducting your own experiment
a letter to a person who knows about the topic.
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Remember!There are many sources out there to choose from, just make sure the information you decide to put into
your paper is actually credible knowledge.
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So what are “Credible
Sources?”
Credible
Sources
Popular Scholarly
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Scholarly Information
When writing your research paper you want to mainly obtain scholarly information.
Can be from places such as Universities, Government foundations (like The National Aeronautics and Space Administration), and doctors or organizations that specialize in the area.
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Popular Information
Anything with authority and does not look boring.
Note: Sometimes a source can be scholarly and popular, like a photography magazine.
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Plagiarism
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Plagiarism
A common mistake that many students make when writing research papers is plagiarism-- notice I said, “mistake.”
This is because many students do not intentionally mean to not give credit, they just forget that the information they wrote in that word document was from a website they read two weeks ago.
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Avoiding Plagiarism
The best way to avoid plagiarism is to bold sentences that were taken from sources; then immediately cite that source. You can unbold once you are ready to turn in your final draft.
It is important to keep in mind however, that if you are directly quoting information, that you put quotation marks around it. If you paraphrased the information you found from your source, quotation marks are not necessary-- but an in-text citation is required to give credit to the author. Previo
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Making Your Voice Present
What does this mean?
Never open with a source, especially in your introduction and conclusions.
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Making Your Voice Present:
In your introduction, you want to set the stage for your paper. Your mission is
to give the audience a reason to read your paper.
~Why is what you are about to share significant? ~Why should readers care?
Last but not least, your introduction should include a thesis that tells the readers
what the paper will be covering.
In your conclusion, make sure you do not
include any sources. If you include a source, then you are still arguing your point,
and that is the body paragraph’s job. In your
conclusion you want to leave the audience something new to think about. Continue to
keep your audience interested until the end;
however, do not go off on an entirely new topic.
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TYPES OF WRITING FORMATS
MLA
APA
Chicago Style
CSE
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MLA Modern Language
Association
Page numbers for in-text citation
Works Cited page for sources
Mainly writers use this format.
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APA American Psychological Administration
Instead of page numbers for the in-text citations, writers will put the year.
Mainly Nurses and Social Sciences use this format.
“Reference” page, instead of a “Works Cited” page, and in the Reference page, there will not be capitals except at the beginning of the citation.
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CHICAGO STYLE Oldest writing style there is.
Mostly historians use Chicago Style, however theology, humanities, and people studying the arts will also use this format as well
Footnotes are either at the bottom of the page, or on a separate page attached to the back of the reading material.
“Ibid” which means, “Same as above.”
Works Cited page is referred to as “Bibliography”
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CSE• Counsel of Science Editors
• Used by people in the math and science departments.
• Authors will put a number at the end of the sentence in the paper; and then, in the Reference page, there will be information about the source listed by number.
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Self-TestInstructions:There will be a set of 12 questions to
answer– all of which are either True/False or Multiple Choice.
Simply click on the answer in which you believe to be right. If right, move on to the next question. If inncorrect, go ahead and try again until you know the correct answer.
Have fun! Previo
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Good Luck!
Begin Test
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Question 1
Why do we research?
A) The teacher has given us a paper to write.B) Because we may have thoughts and ideas that could be completely wrong. C) To impress the ladies.
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Correct!
We research because intuition can be completely wrong. As we grow older, we assume ideas and thoughts and believe them to be true. However, once a person researches a specific topic, we open up our minds to learning more about the subject.
Next Question
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Incorrect
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Question 2
What’s the very first thing you should do before you even write your name in a Microsoft Word document? A) Understand the guidelines your
teacher wants you to write about.B) Pick out what font and color you
want to type in.C) Find books on the topic.
D) Take control of the essay.
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Correct!The very first thing you must do before you even write your name in a Microsoft Word document is take control of the essay.
Next Question
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Incorrect
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Question 3
True or False: You can always sharpen your research paper, but not broaden your research paper once it has been started
True False
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You must get focused quickly when writing a research paper, but one thing to keep in mind before you start writing is that you can always sharpen your research paper, but not broaden your research paper once it has been started.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 4
What are the two types of sources?
A) Popular and Scholarly
B) Primary and SecondaryC) Alpha and Omega
D) Good and Bad
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There are two types of sources: Primary and Secondary.A Primary source is original information; for example, a survey I conducted myself on campus. A Secondary source is about primary sources; for example, a book on the life of Martin Luther King.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 5
What are the two types of credible sources?
A) Popular and Scholarly
B) Primary and SecondaryC) Alpha and Omega
D) Good and Bad
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Credible sources can be sorted in two categories: popular and scholarly. If it looks boring, it is most likely scholarly. However, sometimes a source can be scholarly and popular, like a photography magazine. When writing your research paper however, you want to mainly obtain scholarly information. Scholarly information can be from places such as Universities, Government foundations (like The National Aeronautics and Space Administration), and doctors or organizations that specialize in the area. For example, you may not want to ask Billy-Joe walking down the promenade how many acres of pizza American’s eat per year. This is because unless Billy-Joe has a Ph.D. in Italian Cuisine Intake, he will not be very credible and will not be the best source to use for your research paper.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 6
Often, plagiarism by students is…
A) A smart move.
B) Due to staying up too late at night. C) A mistake.
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A common mistake that many students make when writing research papers is plagiarism-- notice I said, “mistake.” This is because many students do not intentionally mean to not-give-credit, they just forget that the information they wrote in that word document was from a website they read two weeks ago. Next Question
Correct!
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Incorrect
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Question 7
How can one avoid plagiarism?
B) Never copy and paste from a website directly.
C) Get plenty of sleep at night.
A) Bold the copied sentences once you write them in your paper.
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The best way to avoid plagiarism is to bold sentences that were taken from sources; then immediately cite that source. You can unbold once you are ready to turn in your final draft.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 8
True or False: If you are directly quoting something, you do not need quotation marks as long as you use in-text citations.
True False
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If you are directly quoting information you must put quotation marks around it. If you paraphrased the information you found from your source, quotation marks are not necessary-- but an in-text citation is required to give credit to the author.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 9
True or False: Writers should always open and close their papers with sources.
True False
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Never open with a source, especially in your introduction and conclusions. In your introduction, you want to set the stage for your paper. Your mission is to give the audience a reason to read your paper. In your conclusion, make sure you do not include any sources. If you include a source, then you are still arguing your point, and that is the body paragraph’s job.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 10
In your conclusion…
A) you should repeat your introduction paragraph.
B) you want to leave the audience something new to think about.
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Continue to keep your audience interested until the end; however, do not go off on an entirely new topic. For example, it would not be wise for a person to write a paper about Hemophilia and then in the conclusion start talking about whale watching.
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Correct!
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Question 11
APA style writing is mainly used by…
A) Historians
B) Writers
C) Nurses
D) Math and Science Departments
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Typically nurses and social sciences use this style when writing research because instead of page numbers for the in-text citations, writers will put the year. This is important because people in those fields of study (nurses and social sciences) must have up to date information because there is continuously new information being researched and discovered in the medical field.
Next Question
Correct!
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Question 12In Chicago Style, there is a Latin term known as “Ibid.” What does this mean?
A) “Same as above”
B) “Author Unknown”
C) “Cannot be sited”
D) It’s an acronym for “I bet it does”
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In the footnotes, there will be the term called “Ibid” which means, “Same as above.” Writer will use this term if the source is the same as what was included previously in the reading material, or just on a different page or chapter of the source.
Finish Self-Test
Correct!
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I hope you learned
something today! Go out and research!
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