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Transcript of All work and no play…
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All work and no play…
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The APUSH ReviewYou say you want a revolution?
the revolution era
The APUSH ReviewYou say you want a revolution?
the revolution era
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"Salutary Neglect”• Between 1713 and 1763 American colonials saw reduced
gov't intervention in colonial affairs. • Britain felt that if the colonies were left alone to run their
own affairs with minimal interference, they would produce more wealth and commerce, prosper, and cause less trouble.
• Britain would simply provide peace, protection, commerce, law and order, and immigrants
• Colonies left to raise &equip own militia against the Indians.
• In effect, colonies left alone; had to develop self-reliance; effective organization
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The Mercantilist System • Colonies exist for the benefit of the mother
country – add to empire's wealth, prosperity, and self-sufficiency. – seen as tenants– benefit Great Britain by ensuring British naval
supremacy by furnishing ships, ships' stores, sailors and trade
– provide a large consumer market for British goods. – keep gold & silver in the empire by growing cash crops
like sugar that would otherwise have to be purchased from foreigners
– Navigation Laws passed to enforce the system – restricted colonial trade
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The Good and the Bad• Positive results of British Mercantilism
1. Until 1763, Laws not an intolerable economic burden 2. Colonials had rights of Englishmen and unusual opportunities for self-government 3. Colonies enjoyed British military protection free of charge 4. Colonies greatly profited from manufacturing and trading.
• Negative impact of mercantilism 1. Colonial economy did not develop as quickly2. Southern colonies favored by British -- New Englanders grew resentful. 3. Writs of Assistance -- Search warrants used by British customs officers to harass colonial shipping.
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Act I, Scene I• Molasses Act (1733) -- Imposed
heavy duties(6-pence duty) on all molasses, rum and sugar imported form French Caribbean.
• Currency Act (1764) -- restricted colonial printing of paper money so they would pay back their debts and taxes with hard currency
• Sugar Acts (1764) -- Aimed to regulate illegal triangular trade to collect duties that the colonists had been averting for decades.
• Quartering Act (1765) -- Certain colonies required to provide food & quarters for British troops.
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Act II• The Stamp Act (1765) -- Perhaps the single most important event
leading to the American Revolution – Purpose: Raise revenues to support the new military force in the
colonies – Required use of stamped paper or affixed stamps certifying payment
of tax. – Colonists believed "virtual representation" was neither adequate nor
justified -- "No taxation w/o representation" – Resulted in the Stamp Act Congress – no power, but created venue for
colonies to work together• Townshend Acts (1767)
– Meant to punish the colonies for the Stamp Act uproar – Provisions: Small import duty on glass, white lead, paper, paint, silk
and tea. – Revenues from taxes to pay the salaries of royal governors and judges – Led to the “Boston Massacre” and the Committees of Correspondence
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Act III• Tea Act (1773)
– British gov't granted British East India Company a monopoly of American tea business.
– Americans reacted angrily: saw Act as a sneaky attempt to trick colonies to accept the tax through cheaper tea.
– Boston Tea Party, Dec. 16, 1773 -- Sons of Liberty dumped the tea into the harbor.
• "Intolerable Acts" (Coercive Acts)– Boston Port Act -- harbor remained closed until damages were paid– Massachusetts charter revoked– Administration of Justice Act: officials who killed colonists could now
be tried in England instead of the colonies. – Quartering Act: Provided for the quartering of troops once again in
Boston. – Quebec Act: religious and cultural freedom for French Canadians
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the 1st Continental Congress• Response to "Intolerable Acts" • Main purpose: Petition for redress of grievances --
Declaration and Resolves • The Association: most significant action of the Congress
– called for a complete boycott of British goods: nonimportation, nonexportation, and nonconsumption.
– Yet, Congress restated allegiance to the King – King and Parliament did not respond to Declaration
and Resolves.• Would have recognized the Congress’ right as a
legislative body.
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The shot heard round the world
Lexington and Concord • Parliament ordered the
arrest of the leaders of the rebellion
• a detachment of British redcoats sent secretly to Lexington & Concord to seize stores of gunpowder
• Battle began when Minutemen refused to disperse on the Lexington Green and shots were fired.
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the British sideStrengths Weaknesses
•Population favored Britain: 7.5 million to 2.5 for the colonies. •Superior monetary advantage and best navy in the world •Indians sided with the British and wreaked havoc along the frontier •Britain had a 50,000 man professional army, 30,000 "Hessians" as mercenaries & 50,000 loyalists
•Enormous distance made communication difficult •America too large a region for Britain’s army to occupy•British generals in America were poor leaders •France was waiting for an opportunity to exact revenge •London gov't was confused and inept
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the American sideStrengths Weaknesses
•Outstanding leadership •Economic & military aid from France•Defensive military tactics worked to their advantage •Agriculturally self-sustaining •Colonials were competent marksmen; better than the redcoats •Moral advantage from belief in a just cause
•Badly organized for the war and a lack of unity•Jealousy among colonies •Money printed to the point that it was worthless •Military supplies were inadequate•Morale in the army was undermined by opportunistic American profiteers •Only a select minority of colonials truly committed themselves to the cause
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The Declaration• Most Americans did not desire independence - proud to be British
citizens • Reasons for shift of loyalty
– Hiring of Hessians – Brits promised slaves who fought would be freed - persuaded
southerners to join the war effort. – No aid from France unless they declared independence
• Declaration not addressed to England, nor did signers expect any response from the king.
• 3 major parts: – Preamble - Stated the rights of colonists to break away if
natural rights were not protected– List of 27 grievances of the colonies – Formal declaration of independence
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Articles of Confederation • Adopted in 1777 - first constitution in U.S. history • Set up by 2nd Continental Congress to:
– organize a nation and an army– maintain civil order – establish international recognition and credit– defend its territory from the British– resolve internal quarrels and competition
• No power to: regulate trade, conscript troops, levy taxes. • Power given to states - fearful of central authority• Land Ordinance of 1785 - Acreage of the Old NW to be
sold; proceeds to pay national debt. • Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - Territories would become a
state when it had 60k inhabitants; equal status w/other states.
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Making of the Peace
Treaty of Paris of 1783: Britain formally recognized US independence
• Granted US generous boundaries stretching to the Mississippi to the Great Lakes and to Spanish Florida
• British promised troops would not take slaves from America. • American concessions:
– Loyalists could not be further persecuted– Confiscated Loyalist property be restored – America was to pay British creditors for debts long owed
• America alone gained from the war – Britain lost colonies and other territories – France got revenge but was bankrupt leading to the French
Revolution.
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Was the Revolution radical?
• Made the interests and prosperity of ordinary people - the pursuit of happiness - the goal of government
• Changed the personal and social relationships of people– Made possible egalitarian thinking: subsequent anti-slavery
and women's rights movements and destroyed aristocracy • Brought respectability to ordinary people long held in
contempt - gave dignity to their menial labor in a manner unprecedented in history
• Brought about an entirely new kind of popular politics and a new kind of democratic officeholder
• Released powerful popular entrepreneurial and commercial energies that few realized existed - transformation occurred without the industrial revolution, urbanization, & railroads