CLASSROOM HO

PILE LOAD TEST

BY

PSBANSOD

3 rd May 2013

21 June 2013

CLASSIFICATION OF PILES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

bull DRIVEN PILES (DISPLACEMENT PILES )

bull BORED ndashCAST-IN-SITU (REPLACEMENT PILES )

DRIVEN PILES

1 Timber steel precast concrete piles formed by driving tubes or shells and then casting concrete

2 Driven piles cause displacement and disturbance of adjacent soil

3 Driving can be done by repeatedly raising and dropping a weight on the pile head or anvil or in favorable conditions vibration can be used

DRIVEN PILES

bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES

A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)

Driven Piles

SHAFT CONSTRUCTION

1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft

2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions

3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming

4 No disturbance to surrounding soil

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

CLASSIFICATION OF PILES ACCORDING TO METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION

bull DRIVEN PILES (DISPLACEMENT PILES )

bull BORED ndashCAST-IN-SITU (REPLACEMENT PILES )

DRIVEN PILES

1 Timber steel precast concrete piles formed by driving tubes or shells and then casting concrete

2 Driven piles cause displacement and disturbance of adjacent soil

3 Driving can be done by repeatedly raising and dropping a weight on the pile head or anvil or in favorable conditions vibration can be used

DRIVEN PILES

bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES

A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)

Driven Piles

SHAFT CONSTRUCTION

1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft

2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions

3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming

4 No disturbance to surrounding soil

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

DRIVEN PILES

1 Timber steel precast concrete piles formed by driving tubes or shells and then casting concrete

2 Driven piles cause displacement and disturbance of adjacent soil

3 Driving can be done by repeatedly raising and dropping a weight on the pile head or anvil or in favorable conditions vibration can be used

DRIVEN PILES

bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES

A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)

Driven Piles

SHAFT CONSTRUCTION

1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft

2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions

3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming

4 No disturbance to surrounding soil

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

DRIVEN PILES

bull DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DRIVEN CAST-IN ndashSITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN PRE-CAST ndashCONCRETE PILES

bull DRIVEN ndashCONCRETE ndashPIPE PILES

A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)

Driven Piles

SHAFT CONSTRUCTION

1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft

2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions

3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming

4 No disturbance to surrounding soil

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

A) timber or precast reinforced concrete b) steel h pile c) precast concrete shell pile d) concrete pile cast as driven tube withdrawn (slip form)

Driven Piles

SHAFT CONSTRUCTION

1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft

2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions

3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming

4 No disturbance to surrounding soil

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

SHAFT CONSTRUCTION

1 Soil removed by boring or drilling to form a shaft

2 Concrete cast in a casing or without casing ndash depends on soil conditions

3 Tip can be expanded by under reaming

4 No disturbance to surrounding soil

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

e) Bored pile (cast in-situ) f) Underreamed Bored Pile (cast in-situ)

Shaft Construction

Craig 6th Ed

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

area of pile tip x pressure at tip

Qf = Base Resistance + Shaft Resistance

Ultimate Load Qf

area of shaft x frictional resistance of shaft

Qf = qfAb + fsAs

where qf = ultimate bearing capacity of soil at base tip of pile

Ab = cross-sectional area of pile at base tip

fs = skin friction between pile and soil

As = surface area of pile shaft

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

DRIVEN TIMBER PILES

bull 200MM Oslash 250 MM Oslash300MM Oslash

OR

200MM X 200 MM X10 M LONG

250MM X 250 MM X10 - 12M LONG

300MM X 300 MM X12 M LONG

Length can be increased by splicing

POPULAR FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES USA

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

DRIVEN STEEL PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM 600mm - 1874mm

bull LENGTHS RANGE FROM 20m - 70 m

bull WALL THICKNESS RANGE FROM 12mm-40mm

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR MARINE STRUCTURES IN MIDDILE EAST COUNTRIES EUROPE USA SOUTH EAST ASIA and some AFRICAN COUNTRIES

bull USE OF STEEL LARGER DIAMETERS WILL BE POPULAR IN FUTURE

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN STEEL PILES

PARADEEP PORT PROJECT ORISSA -1997- 1998

NAGAPATTINAM JETTY PROJECT(TN) -1999-2000

SHELL ndashHAZIRA PROJECT(GUJRAT) - 2003-2004

MADAGASCAR JETTY PROJECT - 2007-2008

MAURITIUS CRUISE BERTH PROJECT - 2009

SOHAR BULK JETTY PROJECT(OMAN) -2010-2011

LNG JETTY AT DAHEJ(GUJRAT) - 2011-2013

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

AFCONS EXPERIENCE IN DRIVEN PRE-CAST-CONCRETE PILES

1ADEN FLOUR MILL PROJECT ndashYEMEN (2004-2005)

2PRECAST ndashCONCRETE PILES OF 450mm Oslash

HAD TO BE MOBILIZED FROM MALAYSIA

THESE CANNOT BE DRIVEN IN DENSE SANDS WITH Ngt 60 OR WITH DENSE GRAVELLY SANDS

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

DRIVEN CAST ndashIN-SITU CONCRETE PILES

bull DIAMETER RANGE FROM -300mm ndash 760 mm

bull LENGTH RANGE FROM -20m -26 m

bull CAPACITIES RANGE FROM -30T-120T

bull VERY FAST CONSTRUCTION POSSIBLE

bull TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION TIME 20-30 MINPILE

bull HEAVY CRANE amp PILE DRIVING HAMMERS ARE BASIC REQUIREMENTS

bull GENERALLY PREFERRED IN COHESION LESS SOILS LIKE SILTY SANDS OR FINE SANDS OR GRAVELLY SANDS

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

TYPICAL RANGE OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PILES

DIAMETER mm

300 mm

500 mm

600 mm

760 mm

900 mm

1000 mm

1200 mm

1300 mm

1500 mm

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION

) IN T

30 60 120 200 360 400 500 550 700

LATERAL LOAD IN T

- - 3 4 5 8 10 12 15

TENSION LOAD 60

COMPRESSION IN T

18 36 70 120 210 240 300 330 420

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

TYPICAL RANGES OF DESIGN LOADS FOR VERY LARGE DIAMETER PILES

DIAMETER mm

1600 1800

2000

2400

2500

3000

AXIAL LOAD (COMPRESSION )

IN T

450 900 650 750 1000 2000

TYPE OF PILES CONCRETE PILES

STEEL PILES CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

CONCRETE PILES

TYPICAL EXAMPLES

LNG JETTY COCHIN

SOHAR BULK JETTY

RAJIV GANDHI BRIDGE

BANDRA

GANGA BRIDGE

BAKHTIARPUR

MEGHINA BRIDGE

BANGLADESH

MTHL BRIDGE

MUMBAI

BY AFCONS BY AFCONS

BY HCC BY NEC TENDER TENDER

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

INITIAL LOAD TESTS

ON NON WORKING PILES

FOR 2 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

25 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

3 TIMES X DESIGN LOAD

FOR AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

TYPES OF PILE LOAD TESTS

ROUTINE PILE LOAD TESTS ON WORKING PILES

FOR 15 TIMES DESIGN LOAD

FOR

AXIAL LOAD CAPACITY (COMPRESSION)

HORIZONTAL LOAD CAPACITY (LATERAL LOAD)

UPLIFT LOAD CAPACITY (TENSION)

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

TYPICAL COMPRESSION LOAD TEST

bull Typical Case of 1200mm Φ pile

bull Design Load -400 T

bull Type of Test ndash Initial

bull Test Load ndash 400 T X 25 = 1000 T

bull Required reaction load ndash 1000 T+250 T = 1250 T

bull Ground Condition ndash on land

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

3 WAYS OF CONDUCTING THE TEST

bull BY KENTLEDGE METHOD UP TO 900 TO 1000 T

bull BY REACTION PILES METHOD FOR HIGHER LOADS

bull BY REACTION ANCHORS METHOD WHERE ROCK IS ENCOUNTERED AT SHALLOW DEPTHS

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

KENTLEDGE METHOD

bull Main Requirements

1Test Girder ndash Primary Girder

2Load Distribution Girders ndash Secondary Girders

3Grillage Beams for uniform transfer of loads

4Concrete Blocks ndash For 1250 T kentledge and for support of girders

5Hydraulic Jacks of total 1500 T capacity

6Dial Gauges ndash 8 nos of 50mm range and 001 mm least count

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 1

1 Construct test pile 2 Prepare pile head for test

arrangement 3 Erect supports for girders at a

distance of 25 X dia of pile from center of pile

4 Ensure that surrounding ground is strong enough with SBC of 20-25 Tm2 where concrete blocks for supports are being arranged

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST 2

5Place required no of hydraulic jacks symmetrically on top of test pile

6Place grillage beam on top of hydraulic jacks

7Arrange supports for primary girder 8Place primary girder on top of grillage

beam while maintaining a gap of at least 100mm between them

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST -3

9Arrange supports for secondary girders using timber beams or concrete blocks at required place where ground is strong enough with 25 Tm2

SBC

10Arrange concrete blocks on top of secondary girders systematically in a layer by layer manner

11 Follow the methodology drawings provided by design departmentCPMG while arranging the concrete blocks in layers

12Arrange datum bars in the vicinity of test pile using brickconcrete pillars or timber blocks

13Fix 4 nos of dial gauges on the test pile symmetrically with help of magnetic base clamps

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-4

14Arrange power pack at a sufficient distance from the test pile Connect all the hydraulic jacks to the power pack Check for leakages at jacks power pack etc

15Conduct the load test as per pre determined loading and unloading sequence

16Maintain each load for a sufficient time till rate of settlement of pile drops down to 0125mm 30min

17Take readings of settlement of all dial gauges during loading and unloading of pile

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-5

18Compile field observations of Loadsettlements in a systematic tabular manner Take signatures of clientconsultantrsquos representative on all the date recording sheets

19Prepare a graph of load versus settlement from the field observations

20From the graph estimate the load corresponding to 12mm settlement and 120mm settlement (if observed in the load test)

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-6

21As per IS 2911( Part 4) safe load is defined as the latest among the following two criteria

a 23 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 12mm

b frac12 of the load at which pile attains a total settlement of 120mm

22 Prepare a systematic report on pile load test incorporating field observations load Vs settlement graphs and interpretation of test result

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-7

23 Remove dial guages hydraulic jacks power packs from the test site

24Remove concrete blocks systematically from top to bottom remove secondary girders

25Remove primary girders

26Remove supporting concrete blocks

27Back fill the excavated pit around test pile and restore the ground to original condition

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

STEPS IN CONDUCTING LOAD TEST-8

28 Store hydraulic jacks and power packs ETC in well maintained condition in stores

29 Store primary girders secondary girders and grillage beams in neatly arranged manner in stores

30 Store concrete blocks wooden sleepers and other accessories in neatly arranged manner in stores

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

ADVANTAGES OF PILE LOAD TEST

1 Being used in India for last 60 years

2 Being used all over world for last 80 years

3 Sequence of loading simulates real life loading behavior of piles

4 One of the best way of assessing load displacement behavior of pile

5 Confirms the design of pile

6 A tool for ensuring quality assurance of pile construction

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

LIMITATIONS OF STATIC LOAD TEST

1 Large space requirement (Approx 12m X 12m in plan)

2 For kentledge method setting time 10 days

3 For reaction pile method setting time 30 days

4 For reaction anchors method setting time 30 days

5 Special fabrication of girders required

6 Quite a large cost involved

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Alternative Methods to Static Load Test

1 High Strain Dynamic Pile Load Test

2 Osterberg Load Cell Test

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

bull LOAD TEST PHOTOS OF NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Load test by Kent ledge method

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Load test by Kent ledge method

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai

Load settlement curve for TP2

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP2 MDN-1A) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Obs

erve

d Se

ttlem

ent o

f Pile

(mm

) First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 154mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 006mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 148mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Load settlement curve for TP4

LOAD SETTLEMENT CURVE FOR INITIAL PILE LOAD TEST (TP4 MDN-3) ON

1200mm DIA TEST PILE AT NAD AL SHEBA RACE COURSE DUBAI

-400

-360

-320

-280

-240

-200

-160

-120

-080

-040

000

0 200 400 600 800 1000

Applied Load in Tons

Ob

serv

ed

Sett

lem

en

t o

f P

ile (

mm

)

First Cycle

Second Cycle

Third Cycle

1 TOTAL SETTLEMENT = 374mm

2 NET SETTLEMENT = 007mm

3 ELASTIC REBOUND = 367mmRESULTS OF THREE CYCLES

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Nad Al Sheba Race Course Dubai SUMMARY OF PILE LOAD TESTS

Test No Pile

Length Test Load

Total

Settlemen

t

Net

Settlemen

t

Elastic

Rebound

TP-2 260m 9224T 154mm 006mm 148mm

TP-4 1755m 9303T 374mm 007mm 367mm

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1422MM (OD)

bull PILE DIAMETER - 1358MM (ID)

bull PILE TOP LEVEL - +167 M CD

bull TEST PLATFORM LEVEL - +132 MCD

bull PILE TOE LEVEL - -435 M CD

bull DESIGN AXIAL LOAD - 8000 KN

bull TEST LOAD - 12000 KN

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

MARINE PILE LOAD TEST-3 USING SAMRAT JACKUP AT DAHEJ SITE

bull HIGHEST WATER LEVEL - +105 m CD

bull LOWEST WATER LEVEL - - 1 m CD

bull DEPTH OF WATER - 197 M

bull SEA BED LEVEL - (-146 M CD)

bull SCOUR DEPTH - -266 M CD

bull CURRENT AT TEST LOCATION - 6 KNOTS

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

bull LOAD TEST RESULTS OF

BARRAPULLA DELHI

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

LOAD Vs SETTLEMENT OF 1200 DIA PILE AT BARAPULLA

000

050

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

850

900

950

1000

1050

1100

1150

1200

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200Applied Load (T)

SETT

LEM

ENT

(mm

)

10 TH CYCLE

9TH CYCLE

8TH CYCLE

7TH CYCLE

6TH CYCLE

5TH CYCLE

1ST TO 4TH

CYCLE

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

Barrette pull out test at Chennai

central

THANK YOU FOR YOUR PATIENT HEARING AND ATTENTION