ALL the Times

1. I wake up at 7 every dayPresent Simple

Pune cursorulpe text pentru a vedeatraducerea.

1. Present Simple is the tense that refers to: repeated actions, preferences,general

truths and scheduled events.

2. Present Simple requires the first form of the verb. (Verbs have three forms. You will learn

about them in the following lessons.)

When do I use Present Simple?

Present Simple is used for repeated actions, preferences, general truths and scheduled events.

repeated actions – daily routine: I wake up at 7 every day.

repeated actions – habits: I usually swim at the weekend.

likes and dislikes: I like horror movies.

general truths: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

generalizations: People talk too much.

scheduled events: The plane takes off at 9.

How do I recognize Present Simple?

Present Simple is often marked by explicit or implicit adverbs or time expressions that indicate

frequency.

always, usually, regularly, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never

(adverbs of frequency)

every day = daily, every week = weekly, every month = monthly, every year = yearly

once a day, twice a week, three times a month, four times a year

in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night

on Mondays, on Thursdays, on Saturdays etc.

Affirmative / Interrogative / Negative

Read the sentences in the next table. They are at Present Simple. Then read the following section

– How do I form Present Simple? – to understand how Present Simple works in

the affirmative, interrogative and negative forms.

Affirmative Interrogative Negative

1st person

SingularI wake up at 7 every day. Do I wake up at 7 every day?

I do not wake up at

7 every day.

2nd person

SingularYou like apples. Do you like apples? You do not like apples.

3rd person

Singular

He plays football on

Tuesdays.

She travels in summer.

It takes off at 9.

Does he play football on

Tuesdays?

Does she travel in summer?

Does it take off at 9?

He does not

play football on

Tuesdays.

She does not travel in

summer.

It does not take off at 9.

1st person

PluralWe pay our bills monthly. Do we pay our bills monthly?

We do not pay our

bills monthly.

2nd person

PluralYou eat twice a day. Do you eat twice a day?

You do not eat twice a

day.

3rd person

Plural

They usually ski in

December.

Do they usually ski in

December?

They do not usually ski in

December.

How do I form Present Simple?

Affirmative

Subject + Verb I + (...)

e.g.: I (subject) wake up (verb) at 7 every day.

1st person, sg. → I read daily.

3rd person, sg. → He reads daily.

1st person, sg. → I often watch TV.

3rd person, sg. → He often watches TV.

Remember that:

For the 1st person (sg. and pl.), the 2nd person (sg. and pl.) and the 3rdperson pl., the verb has

the same form. Only the 3rd person sg. functions differently.

The verb is used in its first form, e.g.: I read. The first form is the infinitive form without to. At

the 3rd person sg., we add an s at the end of the verb, e.g.: He reads.

Some verbs take an es (instead of an s) at the end for the 3rd person sg.,e.g.:He

watches TV.

The verbs to be and to have behave differently: a) See how to use the verb to be; b) The

verb to have has an irregular form for the 3rd person sg. → He hasan apple.

Interrogative

Do / Does + Subject + Verb I + (...) + ?

e.g.: Do I (subject) wake up (verb) at 7 every day?

1st person, sg. → Do I read daily?

3rd person, sg. → Does he read daily?

1st person, sg. → Do I often watch TV?

3rd person, sg. → Does he

often watch TV?

Remember that:

In interrogative sentences, we use the auxiliary verbs do or does.

We use do for the 1st and 2nd persons (sg. and pl.) and for the 3rd person pl..We use does for

the 3rd person sg..

In interrogative sentences, we do NOT add s or es at the end of the verb for the 3rd person

sg..

The short answer for a Present Simple question is:

o Affirmative: Yes, I do (for I, you, we, you, they) or Yes, he does(for he, she, it)

o Negative: No, I don't = No, I do not (for I, you, we, you, they) orNo, he doesn't = No,

he does not (for he, she, it)

Negative

Subject + Do Not / Does Not + Verb I + (...)

e.g.: I (subject) do not wake up (verb) at 7 every day.

1st person, sg. → I do not read daily.

3rd person, sg. → He does not

read daily.

1st person, sg. → I do not watch TV often.

3rd person, sg. → He does not watch TV often.

Remember that:

In negative sentences, we use the auxiliary verbs do or does and the adverbnot.

We use do not for the 1st and 2nd persons (sg. and pl.) and for the 3rd person pl.. We

use does not for the 3rd person sg..

In negative sentences, we do NOT add s or es at the end of the verb for the 3rd person sg..

The short form of do not is don't. The short form of does not is doesn't. e.g.:I don't like

horror movies. He doesn't like action movies.

Adverb placement

Place adverbs after the subject and the verb. e.g.: I walk every day. Do I walkevery day? I

don't walk every day.

With adverbs of frequency, things are a bit more complicated. It's best to learn their

placement through practice. Listen to the audio tutorial in this lesson.

Surprise!

The first form of the verb is also called the present simple form. We also refer to it as to

the infinitive form.

Seldom is the more formal equivalent of rarely.

We use phrasal verbs (verbs with more than one element) in the 3 rd person sg. like this:

He wakes up at 6.

It takes off at 9.

2. Clara watched TV yesterdayPast Simple


1. Past Simple is the tense that refers to actions completed in the past.

2. Past Simple requires the second form of the verb.

3. Verbs may be regular or irregular. This is reflected in their second form.

When do I use Past Simple?

Past Simple is used for actions that started and finished in the past.

one action in the past: I watched TV yesterday.

a series of actions in the past: I woke up, then I had breakfast and read the newspaper.

historical facts: The Second World War started in 1939.

generalizations in the past: People watched less TV 10 years ago.

How do I recognize Past Simple?

Past Simple is often marked by explicit or implicit adverbs or time expressions.

yesterday, yesterday morning, the day before yesterday

last evening, last week, last month, last September, last summer, last year

one week ago, two months ago, three years ago

specific dates or months (if they are in the past): on the 1st of March, in May

implicit reference (it is obvious that we are referring to the past): As a teenager, he played

video games a lot.

Regular and irregular verbs

English verbs may be regular or irregular. This is linked to their second form.For Past Simple, we

need the second form of the verb, which is formed like this:

Regular verbs have regular second forms. They take an -ed at the end of the first

form. e.g.: (to) watch - watched

Irregular verbs have irregular second forms. These can only be learned by heart or by

practice. e.g.: (to) drink - drank

See the first list of irregular verbs - these are used more frequently. When you are ready,

see the second list of irregular verbs.


Regular verb: to watch

Affirmative Singular Plural

1st person I watched TV yesterday. We watched TV yesterday.

2nd person You watched TV yesterday. You watched TV yesterday.

3rd person

He watched TV yesterday.

She watched TV yesterday.

It watched the birds yesterday.

They watched TV yesterday.

Interrogative Singular Plural

1st person Did I watch TV yesterday? Did we watch TV yesterday?

2nd person Did you watch TV yesterday? Did you watch TV yesterday?

3rd person Did he watch TV yesterday? Did they watch TV yesterday?

http://www.rapiduldeengleza.ro/intermediate/irregular-verbs/grammar.html#irregular-verbs-second-list

http://www.rapiduldeengleza.ro/intermediate/irregular-verbs/grammar.html#irregular-verbs-first-list

Did she watch TV yesterday?

Did it watch the birds yesterday?

Negative Singular Plural

1st person I did not watch TV yesterday. We did not watch TV yesterday.

2nd person You did not watch TV yesterday. You did not watch TV yesterday.

3rd person

He did not watch TV yesterday.

She did not watch TV yesterday.

It did not watch the birds yesterday.

They did not watch TV yesterday.

Irregular verb: to drink

Affirmative Singular Plural

1st person I drank whiskey yesterday. We drank whiskey yesterday.

2nd person You drank whiskey yesterday. You drank whiskey yesterday.

3rd person

He drank whiskey yesterday.

She drank whiskey yesterday.

It drank milk yesterday.

They drank whiskey yesterday.

Interrogative Singular Plural

1st person Did I drink whiskey yesterday? Did we drink whiskey yesterday?

2nd person Did you drink whiskey yesterday? Did you drink whiskey yesterday?

3rd person

Did he drink whiskey yesterday?

Did she drink whiskey yesterday?

Did it drink milk yesterday?

Did they drink whiskey yesterday?

Negative Singular Plural

1st person I did not drink whiskey yesterday. We did not drink whiskey yesterday.

2nd person You did not drink whiskey yesterday. You did not drink whiskey yesterday.

3rd person He did not drink whiskey yesterday. They did not drink whiskey yesterday.

She did not drink whiskey yesterday.

It did not drink milk yesterday.

How do I form Past Simple?

Affirmative

Subject + Verb II + (...)

e.g.: I (subject) watched (verb) TV yesterday.

1st person, sg. → I watched TV yesterday.

3rd person, sg. → She watched TV yesterday.

1st person, sg. → I drank whiskey yesterday.

3rd person, sg. → She drank whiskey

yesterday.

Remember that:

At Past Simple, the verb remains unchanged for all persons, singular and plural (including

the 3rd person sg.).

Interrogative

Did + Subject + Verb I + (...) + ?

e.g.: Did I (subject) watch (verb) TV yesterday?

1st person, sg. → Did I watch TV yesterday?

3rd person, sg. → Did she watch TV

yesterday?

1st person, sg. → Did I drink whiskey

yesterday?

3rd person, sg. → Did she drink whiskey

yesterday?

Remember that:

In interrogative sentences, the auxiliary did contains the past form of the verb structure. The

main verb (to watch or to drink) is used in its FIRST form.

The auxiliary did is the same for all persons, singular and plural.

The short answer for a Past Simple question is:

o Affirmative: Yes, I did (for all persons – Yes, I did; Yes, you did; Yes, he did etc.)

o Negative: No, I didn't = No, I did not (for all persons – No, I didn't; No, you didn't; No,

he didn't etc.)

Negative

Subject + Did Not + Verb I + (...)

e.g.: I (subject) did not watch (verb) TV yesterday.

1st person, sg. → I did not watch TV

yesterday.

3rd person, sg. → She did not watch TV

yesterday.

1st person, sg. → I did not drink whiskey

yesterday.

3rd person, sg. → She did not drink whiskey

yesterday.

Remember that:

In negative sentences, the auxiliary did contains the past form of the verb structure. The

main verb (to watch or to drink) is used in its FIRST form.

The short form of did not is didn't. e.g.: I didn't watch TV.

Surprise!

The second form of the verb is also called the past simple form.

Past Simple is only used for finished actions. If an action started in the past, but is not

finished at present, we do not use Past Simple.

5. Was & Had & Did~ Focus on verbs ~


Was, had, did are the second (past simple) forms of the verbs to be, to have,to do. These verbs

also function as auxiliary verbs, to build other verb structures. Therefore, it is very important to know

them well.

See below how to use these three verbs – to be, to have and to do – at Present Simple and Past

Simple, in affirmative, interrogative and negative sentences.

To be → Was / Were

Affirmative Present Simple Past Simple

1st person

SingularI am at school. I was at school.

2nd person

SingularYou are at school. You were at school.

http://www.rapiduldeengleza.ro/intermediate/focus-on-verbs/grammar.html#to-do-a-face

http://www.rapiduldeengleza.ro/intermediate/focus-on-verbs/grammar.html#to-have-a-avea

http://www.rapiduldeengleza.ro/intermediate/focus-on-verbs/grammar.html#to-be-a-fi

3rd person

Singular

He is at school.

She is at school.

It is in the yard.

He was at school.

She was at school.

It was in the yard.

1st person Plural We are at school. We were at school.

2nd person Plural You are at school. You were at school.

3rd person Plural They are at school. They were at school.

Interrogative Present Simple Past Simple

1st person

SingularAm I at school? Was I at school?

2nd person

SingularAre you at school? Were you at school?

3rd person

Singular

Is he at school?

Is she at school?

Was he at school?

Was she at school?

Is it in the yard? Was it in the yard?

1st person Plural Are we at school? Were we at school?

2nd person Plural Are you at school? Were you at school?

3rd person Plural Are they at school? Were they at school?

Negative Present Simple Past Simple

1st person

SingularI am not at school. I was not at school.

2nd person

SingularYou are not at school. You were not at school.

3rd person

Singular

He is not at school.

She is not at school.

It is not in the yard.

He was not at school.

She was not at school.

It was not in the yard.

1st person Plural We are not at school. We were not at school.

2nd person Plural You are not at school. You were not at school.

3rd person Plural They are not at school. They were not at school.

To have → Had


1st person

SingularI have a course. I had a course.

2nd person

SingularYou have a course. You had a course.

3rd person

Singular

He has a course.

She has a course.

It has a bone.

He had a course.

She had a course.

It had a bone.

1st person Plural We have a course. We had a course.

2nd person Plural You have a course. You had a course.

3rd person Plural They have a course. They had a course.


1st person

SingularDo I have a course? Did I have a course?

2nd person

SingularDo you have a course? Did you have a course?

3rd person

Singular

Does he have a course?

Does she have a course?

Does it have a bone?

Did he have a course?

Did she have a course?

Did it have a bone?

1st person Plural Do we have a course? Did we have a course?

2nd person Plural Do you have a course? Did you have a course?

3rd person Plural Do they have a course? Did they have a course?


1st person

SingularI do not have a course. I did not have a course.

2nd person

SingularYou do not have a course. You did not have a course.

3rd person

Singular

He does not have a course.

She does not have a course.

It does not have a bone.

He did not have a course.

She did not have a course.

It did not have a bone.

1st person Plural We do not have a course. We did not have a course.

2nd person Plural You do not have a course. You did not have a course.

3rd person Plural They do not have a course. They did not have a course.

To do → Did


1st person

SingularI do exercises. I did exercises.

2nd person

SingularYou do exercises. You did exercises.

3rd person

Singular

He does exercises.

She does exercises.

It does tricks.

He did exercises.

She did exercises.

It did tricks.

1st person Plural We do exercises. We did exercises.

2nd person Plural You do exercises. You did exercises.

3rd person Plural They do exercises. They did exercises.


1st person

SingularDo I do exercises? Did I do exercises?

2nd person

SingularDo you do exercises? Did you do exercises?

3rd person

Singular

Does he do exercises?

Does she do exercises?

Does it do tricks?

Did he do exercises?

Did she do exercises?

Did it do tricks?

1st person Plural Do we do exercises? Did we do exercises?

2nd person Plural Do you do exercises? Did you do exercises?

3rd person Plural Do they do exercises? Did they do exercises?


1st person

SingularI do not do exercises. I did not do exercises.

2nd person

SingularYou do not do exercises. You did not do exercises.

3rd person

Singular

He does not do exercises.

She does not do exercises.

It does not do tricks.

He did not do exercises.

She did not do exercises.

It did not do tricks.

1st person Plural We do not do exercises. We did not do exercises.

2nd person Plural You do not do exercises. You did not do exercises.

3rd person Plural They do not do exercises. They did not do exercises.

7. Right now, Ruby is swimmingPresent Continuous


Present Continuous

We form Present Continuous like this: To Be + [Verb + ING]

We use the verb to be at the correct person/number: am, are, is

We add the termination -ing to the main verb, e.g.: walking, swimming, taking photos

Note that: Present Continuous is also called Present Progressive because it refers to actions that are in

progress.

When do I use Present Continuous?

We use Present Continuous in the following situations:

1. When the action is happening right now.

e.g.: I am reading a book on the beach.

2. When the action is happening at present, even if it takes more time.

e.g.: He is studying to become a doctor.

3. When we refer to plans for the close future.

e.g.: Clara is meeting Ruby tomorrow. (Read more)

4. When we refer to a repetitive and, most often, annoying action.

e.g.: He is always arriving late.

In this lesson, we focus on the first use case – when the action is happeningright now.


Read the table below to see how we form Present Continuous in the affirmative, interrogative and

negative.


1st person

Singular

I am sunbathing on the

beach.

Am I sunbathing on the

beach?

I am not sunbathing on

the beach.

2nd person

Singular

You are drinking a

cocktail.Are you drinking a cocktail?

You are not drinking a

cocktail.

3rd person

Singular

He is getting on the

plane.

She is getting off the

plane.

It is running in the sand.

Is he getting on the plane?

Is she getting off the plane?

Is it running in the sand?

He is not getting on the

plane.

She is not getting off the

plane.

It is not running in the

sand.

1st person

Plural

We are leaving on a

business trip.

Are we leaving on a business

trip?

We are not leaving on a

business trip.

2nd person

Plural

You are returning from

holiday.

Are you returning from

holiday?

You are not

returning from holiday.

3rd person

Plural

They are swimming in

the ocean.

Are they swimming in the

ocean?

They are not

swimming in the ocean.

How do I recognize Present Continuous?

There are several adverbs of time that help us understand that the action is taking place right now

and that we should expect to find Present Continuous in the sentence:

now, e.g.: A: What are you doing now? B: I am packing for the holiday.

right now, e.g.: They are getting on the plane right now.

in this (very) moment, at the moment, e.g.: The plane is taking off in this very moment.

at present, e.g.: At present, he is living with his friends, until he finds his own place.

Surprise!

1. We can use contractions:

I'm sunbathing; I'm not sunbathing

You're drinking; You're not drinking / You aren't drinking

He's getting on; He's not getting on / He isn't getting on

We're leaving; We're not leaving / We aren't leaving etc.

2. For some verbs, the last letter is doubled in the continuous form,

e.g.:getting, travelling (Br.), swimming. Listen to the audio tutorial in this lesson for more

information.

8.What was he doing when you took that photo?Past Continuous


Past Continuous

We form Past Continuous like this: Was/Were + [Verb + ING]

The verb to be is in the past: was or were, depending on the person/number.

We add the termination -ing to the main verb.

Note that: Past Continuous is also called Past Progressive because it refers to actions that were, at a

certain moment in the past, in progress.

When do I use Past Continuous?

We use Past Continuous when we refer to interrupted actions in the past.

e.g.: He was talking to Jeremy when I took that photo.

He was talking to Jeremy → the interrupted action (Past Continuous)

when I took that photo. → the action that causes the interruption (Past Simple)

Use cases:

a past action interrupted by another past action:

He was talking to Jeremy when I took that photo.

a past action interrupted by a specific time:

They were watching a movie yesterday at 10 p.m.

parallel actions in the past:

The girls were preparing the meat while the boys were chopping sticks for the fire.

to describe the atmosphere in the past:

When I arrived at Ruby's place, Ruby was playing with the cats, Clara was making a cake

and Brian and Jeremy were discussing politics.


Read the table below to see how we form Past Continuous in the affirmative, interrogative and

negative.


1st person

SingularI was eating pizza. Was I eating pizza? I was not eating pizza.

2nd person

Singular

You were listening to

music.Were you listening to music?

You were not listening to

music.

3rd person

Singular

He was talking to Clara

She was talking to

Jeremy.

The dog was sleeping.

Was he talking to Clara?

Was she talking to Jeremy?

Was the dog sleeping?

He was not talking to

Clara.

She was not talking to

Jeremy.

The dog was not

sleeping.

1st person We were washing the Were we washing the dishes? We were not washing the

Plural dishes. dishes.

2nd person

Plural

You were cleaning the

room.Were you cleaning the room?

You were not

cleaning the room.

3rd person

Plural

They were surfing the

Internet.

Were they surfing the

Internet?

They were not

surfing the Internet.

When & While

The conjunctions when and while are used very often in sentences that contain verbs in the Past

Continuous.

When is followed by Past Simple.

He was talking to Jeremy when I took that photo.

While is followed by Past Continuous.

The girls were preparing the meat while the boys were chopping sticks for the fire.

Surprise!

We can use contractions only in negative Past Continuous sentences:

I/He/She/It wasn't sleeping yesterday evening at 10 o'clock.

You/We/You/They weren't sleeping yesterday evening at 10 o'clock.

* In Romanian, Past Continuous is translated using imperfectul.

11. I will drive you home. It is going to rain.Future Simple


Future Simple

Future Simple can be formed in two ways:

Future with Will: Yes, I will drive you home.

'Be Going to' Future: It is going to rain.

Both refer to the future, but they are used in specific situations.

How do I use Future Simple?

We use Future with Will for:

instant decisions: A: Coffee or tea? B: I will have tea.

voluntary actions: I will send you an email when I receive new information.

promises: (I promise) I will call you when I arrive.

offers to help: A: The weather is bad. B: I will drive you home.

requests for help: A: Will you drive me home?

predictions: The fortune teller said: "You will mary a rich man." / Twenty years from now,

I will have wrinkles.

(In this case, the prediction is made with a high level of certainty, usually for a more distant

future.)

We use 'Be Going to' Future for:

plans: I am going to spend the summer in California.

intentions: I am going to clean the house this weekend.

predictions: Look at the sky! It is going to rain.

(In this case, the prediction is made based on a concrete situation / an observable fact in the

present.)

Note: According to other sources, Future with Will and 'Be Going to' Future can be used

interchangeably for making predictions.


Will is a modal verb. Its conjugation is very simple.

I will have tea. → Will I have tea? → I will not (won't) have tea.

He will call us when he arrives. → Will he call us when he arrives? → He will not (won't) call us when

he arrives.

We will drive you home. → Will we drive you home? → We will not (won't) drive you home.

Note: will not = won't

'Be Going to' Future is formed like this: to be + going to + main verb

The verb to be is used at the correct person/number, i.e. am, are or is.

Going to never changes.

The main verb is always in the infinitive.


1st person

Singular

I am going to spend the

summer here.

Am I going to spend the

summer here?

I am not going to spend the

summer here.

2nd person

SingularYou are going to spend (...) Are you going to spend (...)?

You are not going

to spend (...)

3rd person

Singular

He is going to spend (...)

She is going to spend (...)

It is going to rain.

Is he going to spend (...)?

Is she going to spend (...)?

Is it going to rain?

He is not going

to spend (...)

She is not going

to spend (...)

It is not going to rain.

1st person

PluralWe are going to spend (...) Are we going to spend (...)?

We are not going

to spend (...)

2nd person

PluralYou are going to spend (...) Are you going to spend (...)?

You are not going

to spend (...)

3rd person

PluralThey are going to spend (...)Are they going to spend (...)?

They are not going

to spend (...)

We can use contractions:

I am going to → I'm going to

You are going to → You're going to

He is going to → He's going to etc.

I am not going to → I'm not going to

You are not going to → You're not going to / You aren't going to

He is not going to → He's not going to / He isn't going to etc.

In colloquial speech, going to can be replaced with gonna:

I am going to buy a new umbrella. → I'm gonna buy a new umbrella.

13. The show has just startedPresent Perfect Simple


How do I form Present Perfect?

(to) have + the 3 rd form of the main verb

e.g.: I have just eaten lunch.

e.g.: He has lived here for 10 years.

Note: We need to use the correct conjugation of the auxiliary verb (to) have:have or has, according

to the person/number.

When do I use Present Perfect?

We use Present Perfect for:

recent actions that have an impact on the present situation:

I have just eaten lunch. (So I am not hungry.)

uncompleted actions that should be completed soon:

(The negative form is used in this case.)

He has not finished his homework yet.

changes over time:

She has cut her hair (since the last time I saw her).

actions/situations that started in the past and continue in the present:

He has lived here for 10 years. (He still lives here.)

life experience:

I have been to Japan.

I have seen this movie three times (up to now / so far).

Adverbs & Prepositions

Adverbs and prepositions that are often used with Present Perfect:

just: I have just eaten lunch.

already: I have already eaten lunch.

yet: I have not eaten lunch yet.

never / ever: I have never been to Canada. / I have not ever been to Canada.

so far / up to now: I have been to Canada two times so far / up to now.

recently: I have been to Canada recently.

for & since: These two prepositions are used for actions/situations that started in the past and

continue in the present.

For indicates the period between the starting point and the present: He has lived here for 10

years.

Since indicates the starting point: He has lived here since 2002.



1st person

SingularI have eaten lunch. Have I eaten lunch? I have not eaten lunch.

2nd person

Singular

You have heard this song

before.

Have you heard this song

before?

You have not heard this

song before.

3rd person

Singular

He has finished his

homework.

She has cut her hair.

The concert has started.

Has he finished his

homework?

Has she cut her hair?

Has the concert started?

He has not finished his

homework.

She has not cut her hair.

The concert has not

started.

1st person

Plural

We have lived here for

two years.

Have we lived here for two

years?

We have not lived here

for two years.

2nd person

Plural

You have been to Italy

two times.Have you been to Italy?

You have not been to

Italy.

3rd person

PluralThey have grown a lot. Have they grown a lot?

They have not grown a

lot.

14. Ruby had left when Brian arrivedPast Perfect Simple


How do I form Past Perfect?

had + the 3 rd form of the main verb

e.g.: Ruby had left when Brian arrived.

Note: The auxiliary verb had never changes.

When do I use Past Perfect?

We use Past Perfect:

to refer to an action that happened before another action in the past:

Ruby had left when Brian arrived.

1. Ruby had left (before Brian arrived).

2. Brian arrived (at a moment in the past, after Ruby had left).

to form the Third Conditional, which we will learn at level Advanced.

Conjunctions

There are three conjunctions that often help us recognize Past Perfect: when,before and after.

Ruby had left when Brian arrived.

or

Brian arrived when Ruby had left.

Ruby had left before Brian arrived.

Brian arrived after Ruby had left.



1st person

Singular

I had studied French before I

moved to France.

Had I studied French before I

moved to France?

I had not studied French

before I moved to France.

2nd person

Singular

You had read that book

before she gave it to you as a

present.

Had you read that book before she

gave it to you as a present?

You had not read that

book before she gave it to

you as a present.

3rd person

Singular

Mary called the plumber after

George had fixed the sink.

Jeremy arrived home after

Clara had finishedcooking

dinner.

It had stopped raining when

we left.

Had George fixed the sink before

Mary called the plumber?

Had Clara finished cooking dinner

before Jeremy arrived?

Had it stopped raining when we

left?

George had not fixed the

sink before Mary called

the plumber.

Clara had not

finished cooking dinner

when Jeremy arrived.

It had not

stopped raining when we

left.

1st person

Plural

We had never been to that

restaurant before last night.

Had we ever been to that

restaurant before last night?

We had not ever been to

that restaurant before last

night.

2nd person

Plural

You had had that TV for ten

years before it broke down.

Had you had that TV for ten years

before it broke down?

You had not had that TV

for ten years before it

broke down.

3rd person

Plural

They had found a different

hotel when the receptionist

finally called them.

Had they found a different hotel

when the receptionist finally called

them?

They had not found a

different hotel when the

receptionist finally called

them.

Listen to the audio tutorial in this lesson to find out how we use contractions with the Past Perfect

tense.

* In Romanian, Past Perfect is translated using maimultcaperfectul.

12. Eat - Ate - EatenThird Form of Irregular Verbs


The 3rd form of verbs in English

The 3rd form of verbs in English is also called the Past Participle form.

We use the 3rd verb form to build perfect tenses and other structures.

The 3rd form of regular verbs equals to their 2nd form.

e.g.: (to) watch - watched - watched

The 3rd form of irregular verbs can only be learnt by heart or by practice.

The table below contains the three forms of the most frequently used 80 irregular verbs in

English.

The 3rd form of irregular verbs

First FormPresent Simple

Form

Second FormPast Simple

Form

Third FormPast Participle

Form

Translation

(to) be was / were been (a) fi

(to) become became become (a) deveni

(to) begin began begun (a) începe

(to) bite bit bit / bitten (a) mușca

(to) break broke broken (a) rupe

(to) bring brought brought (a) aduce

(to) build built built (a) construi

(to) buy bought bought (a) cumpăra

(to) choose chose chosen (a) alege

(to) come came come (a) veni

(to) cost cost cost (a) costa

(to) cut cut cut (a) tăia

(to) do did done (a) face

(to) draw drew drawn (a) desena

(to) dreamdreamed /

dreamt

dreamed /

dreamt(a) visa

(to) drink drank drunk (a) bea

(to) drive drove driven (a) conduce (mașina)

(to) eat ate eaten (a) mânca

(to) fall fell fallen (a) cădea

(to) feed fed fed (a) hrăni

(to) feel felt felt (a) simți

(to) fight fought fought (a) lupta

(to) find found found (a) găsi

(to) fly flew flown (a) zbura

(to) forget forgot forgotten (a) uita

(to) forgive forgave forgiven (a) ierta

(to) freeze froze frozen (a) îngheța

(to) get got got / gotten (a) obține

(to) give gave given (a) da

(to) go went gone (a) se duce

(to) grow grew grown (a) crește

(to) have had had (a) avea

(to) hear heard heard (a) auzi

(to) hide hid hidden (a) (se) ascunde

(to) hit hit hit (a) lovi

(to) hold held held (a) ține (înbrațe)

(to) hurt hurt hurt (a) răni

(to) keep kept kept (a) păstra

(to) know knew known (a) ști

(to) lay laid laid (a) pune, (a) așterne

(to) lead led led (a) conduce (pecineva)

(to) learn learned / learnt learned / learnt (a) învăța

(to) leave left left (a) pleca

(to) lend lent lent (a) împrumuta (cuiva)

(to) let let let (a) lăsa

(to) light lit lit (a) aprinde

(to) lose lost lost (a) pierde

(to) make made made (a) face

(to) mean meant meant(a) însemna, (a)

vreasăzică

(to) meet met met (a) (se) întâlni

(to) pay paid paid (a) plăti

(to) put put put (a) pune

(to) quit quit quit (a) renunța

(to) ride rode ridden (a) merge cu

(to) ring rang rung (a) suna

(to) rise rose risen (a) răsări, (a) (se) ridica

(to) read read read (a) citi

(to) run ran run (a) alerga

(to) say said said (a) spune

(to) see saw seen (a) vedea

(to) sell sold sold (a) vinde

(to) set set set (a) seta, (a) aranja

(to) shoot shot shot (a) împușca

(to) sing sang sung (a) cânta

(to) sit sat sat (a) stajos

(to) sleep slept slept (a) dormi

(to) speak spoke spoken (a) vorbi

(to) spend spent spent (a) cheltui

(to) stand stood stood (a) staînpicioare

(to) steal stole stolen (a) fura

(to) swim swam swum (a) înota

(to) take took taken (a) lua

(to) teach taught taught (a) preda

(to) tell told told (a) spune

(to) think thought thought (a) (se) gândi

(to) throw threw thrown (a) arunca

(to) wake up woke up woken up (a) (se) trezi

(to) wear wore worn (a) purta

(to) win won won (a) câștiga

(to) write wrote written (a) scrie

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