ALL QUESTIONSKS4: International Relations, The era of the Cold War 1943-1991

Question 1: Give two reasons from the source….2 marks – 3 minutesSource A

Give two reasons from Source A that explain why the Berlin Airlift made Stalin’s

Berlin Blockade look aggressive. 2 marks

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Source B

After the bomb was dropped, Stalin was furious. The place Russia had earned as a

world power by its victory in the war had been snatched away. "Hiroshima has

shaken the whole world," he is said to have told Kurchatov. "The balance has been

destroyed."

Priscilla McMillan, Science and Secrecy (2004). From a review in the New York

Times of David Holloway's book: Stalin and the Bomb.

2. Give 2 reasons from source B why Stalin felt threatened by America’s nuclear weapons in 1945.

Source COne way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression.          The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio; fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms.   

A speech by President Truman of the US (1947)

3. Give 2 reasons from source C that show why President Truman thinks that capitalism was better than Communism.

Question 2: Outline two reasons….4 marks – 7 minutes

1. Outline two reasons why tensions increased between the members of the Grand Alliance during the Potsdam Conference in 1945.

2. Outline two reasons why Stalin took control of the Eastern European states.3. Outline 2 steps that Stalin took to secure communist control over satellite states in

Eastern Europe

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4. Outline 2 steps that America took which resulted in Stalin’s blockade of Berlin.5. Outline two reasons why Truman announced his ‘Truman Doctrine.6. Outline two reasons why the Americans offered Marshall Aid to the European

countries.7. Outline two reasons why the Cold War started.8. Outline two reasons why the Grand Alliance collapsed.9. Outline two ways in which mistrust grew between the USA and USSR in 1946.10. Outline two reasons why Germany was divided in 1949.11. Outline two reasons why Détente emerged in 1969.12. Outline two reasons why the Americans invaded Cuba at the Bay of Pigs13. Outline two reasons why Khrushchev tried to put Missiles on Cuba.14. Outline two steps taken by Khrushchev to reassert control over the Hungarians in

1956.15. Outline two reasons why Gorbachev tried a new approach to the USSR.

Question 3: How useful are source X and Y as evidence of…. 10 marks – 15 minutes

1) How useful are Sources B and C as evidence of reactions to the formation of NATO in 1949? Explain your answer using Sources B and C and your own knowledge.

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Source B

Source C

How useful are source D and E in showing the Soviet attitude towards their sphere of influence after 1945?

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“Like others, my country has had forced upon it the task of fighting two world wars against aggression within a quarter of a century. Today will bring a feeling of relief. At last democracy is no longer a series of isolated units.”

Ernest Bevin speaking on the formation of NATO

“The North Atlantic Treaty is not about self-defence of states. These states are not threatened by anyone and no one intends to attack them. On the contrary, the Treaty has an aggressive characteristic and is aimed against the USSR.”

Soviet protest not on the formation of NATO

Source D Source E

American cartoon from 1946 American cartoon 1947

How useful are sources F and G as evidence that nuclear weapons created tension between the USA and the USSR between 1945-1949?

Source F

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Source G

After the bomb was dropped, Stalin was furious. The place Russia had earned as a

world power by its victory in the war had been snatched away. "Hiroshima has

shaken the whole world," he is said to have told Kurchatov. "The balance has been

destroyed."

Priscilla McMillan, Science and Secrecy (2004).

From a review in the New York Times of David Holloway's book: Stalin and the

Bomb.

How useful are Sources A and B as evidence of the reasons for building the Berlin

wall in 1961? Explain your answer using Sources A and B and your own knowledge.

Source A, a British cartoon from 1958

How useful are source X and Y as evidence of why the USA engaged in Détente? Use the sources and your own knowledge.

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The Berlin Wall was built to defend the people of East Germany from the aggression of the capitalist states. The capitalism seeks to destroy our workers’ paradise. We will defend ourselves from the enemy!

Source B, a speech by Khrushchev after the building of the wall in 1961.

The leaders of both 'super powers' -

Leonid Brezhnev (Russia), Lyndon

Johnson and later Richard Nixon

(USA) had financial reasons for

wanting to reduce defence spending.

Brezhnev felt that the economic

burden was unsustainable and the

Vietnam War had drained the

American economy and Johnson

needed to expand the American

welfare state. This coupled with the

realisation that each side had the

capability of mutually assured

destruction led to a growing

awareness of the need for dialogue

Source X, from the Royal Air

Force Website, UK, 2016Source Y, US cartoon, 1962

4. Describe the Key features of….6 marks (9 minutes)

1. The Potsdamn conference2. The Yalta Conference3. The Grand Alliance4. The Teheran COnfewrence5. The Atomic Bomb6. The Long Telegram7. Novikov’s Telegram8. The Truman Doctrine9. The Marshall Plan10. The Soviet creation of Satellite states11. NATO12. The Warsaw Pact13. The Cominform14. The Comecon15. The Berlin Blockade16. The division of Germany17. The Berlin Crisis18. The conferences to during the Berlin Crisis19. The arms race from 1945 – 5520. The Hungarian Uprising21. Describe the key features of Imre Nagy’s leadership in Hungary.22. The Soviet Crushing of the Hungarian Uprising

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23. The Berlin wall24. The Cuban Revolution25. The Bay of Pigs invasion26. The Prague Spring27. The Brezhnev Doctrine28. SALT 129. SALT 230. The Helsinki Agreements31. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan32. The Carter Doctrine33. Reagan’s ‘Evil Empire’ Speech34. Star Wars35. Gorbachev’s ‘New Thinking’36. The Geneva and Reykjavik summits37. The INF treaty38. The Collapse of the Berlin wall39. The Collapse of the USSR1.

5. Explain the importance of…..15 marks (5 marks for each explanation) (22 minutes)

Explain the importance of….(pick 3):

Potsdamn Yalta The Grand Alliance The Teheran Conference The Atomic Bomb The Long Telegram Novikov’s Telegram The Truman Doctrine

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The Marshall Plan The Soviet creation of Satellite states NATO The Warsaw Pact The Cominform The Comecon The Berlin Blockade The arms race from 1945 – 55 The Soviet Crushing of the Hungarian Uprising The Berlin Crisis The Berlin wall The Cuban Revolution The Bay of Pigs invasion The Prague Spring The Brezhnev Doctrine SALT 1 SALT 2 The Helsinki Agreements The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan The Carter Doctrine Reagan’s ‘Evil Empire’ Speech Star Wars Gorbachev’s ‘New Thinking’ The Geneva and Reykjavik summits The INF treaty The Collapse of the Berlin wall The Collapse of the USSR

6. Explain why….13 marks (19 minutes)Explain why a Cold War developed between 1943- 1955.

You may use the following in your answer:

The policy of Containment The division of Germany

Explain why Germany became divided by 1947.

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You may use the following in your answer:

The policy of Containment The takeover of the satellite states.

Explain why the Hungarian rebellion happened in 1956.

You may use the following in your answer:

The death of Stalin The behaviour of Rakosi

Explain why the Cuban Missile Crisis developed.

You may use the following in your answer:

The arms race American intervention in Cuba

Explain why the Cold War came to an end in 1991.

You may use the following in your answer:

The actions of Gorbachev The Second Cold War

Explain why relations between the Soviet Union and the USA changed in the years

1957-1969.

You may use the following in your answer:

The Cuban Missile Crisis Disagreements over the future of Berlin

Explain why a détente emerged between the Super Powers between 1969 – 1981.

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You may use the following in your answer:

The Cuban Missile Crisis Development of the arms race.

Explain why Détente collapsed between the superpowers between 1979 – 1981.

You may use the following in your answer:

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan The actions of President Raegan

Explain why relations between the USSR and the USA changed in 1962.

You may use the following in your answer:

The USSR placed missiles on Cuba Kennedy’s reaction to the placement of missiles on Cuba.

Explain why Europe was divided into two camps between 1945 – 1949.

You may use the following in your answer:

Collapse of the Grand Alliance The Creation of Nato

Explain why the Cold War

You may use the following in your answer:

Collapse of the Grand Alliance The Creation of Nato

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