All or None Principal, Fatigue, All or None Principal, Fatigue, Tetany, and Muscular Tetany, and Muscular

ContractionsContractions

By By

Alexandra ShafiAlexandra Shafi

All or None Principal, Fatigue, Tetany,Muscular ContractionBy Alexandra Shafi

All or None PrincipalAll or None Principal

based on the fact that the strength of based on the fact that the strength of an electrical event or stimulus on a an electrical event or stimulus on a nerve or a muscle fiber will not affect nerve or a muscle fiber will not affect the strength of the response of the the strength of the response of the nerve or muscle fiber, as long as the nerve or muscle fiber, as long as the stimulus is above the threshold level stimulus is above the threshold level to create the response. to create the response.

In order to contract the cell must…In order to contract the cell must…

Have end plate with channels that Have end plate with channels that open or close to let sodium flow open or close to let sodium flow through through depolarize above the threshold value depolarize above the threshold value If stimulus is any strength above If stimulus is any strength above threshold, muscle fiber complete threshold, muscle fiber complete contraction responsecontraction responseif stimulus is not great enough is no if stimulus is not great enough is no response at all.response at all.

FatigueFatigue

Fatigue is a feeling of weakness, Fatigue is a feeling of weakness, tiredness, or lack of energy tiredness, or lack of energy

Other symptoms includeOther symptoms include

PainPain

Emotionally drainedEmotionally drained

Lack of interestLack of interest

Causes of FatigueCauses of Fatigue

Over exertion in physical activityOver exertion in physical activity

StressStress

AnemiaAnemia

Chronic Lung diseasesChronic Lung diseases

Combat fatigueCombat fatigue

In order to cure must treat In order to cure must treat underlying causeunderlying cause

combination of signs and symptoms, due combination of signs and symptoms, due usually to low calcium (hypocalceamia)usually to low calcium (hypocalceamia)Muscle Spasms in face hand, or footMuscle Spasms in face hand, or footOveractive neurological reflexes Overactive neurological reflexes Abnormal sensationsAbnormal sensationsTingling lipsTingling lipsBurning lipsBurning lipsBurning tongueBurning tongueGeneral muscle achesGeneral muscle aches

Tetany is not always recognized by Tetany is not always recognized by doctorsdoctorsCan be caused from Kidney diseaseCan be caused from Kidney diseaseVitamin D Deficiency Vitamin D Deficiency Can be treated with Can be treated with Calcium Gluconate Calcium Gluconate Calfort Calfort Cal-G Cal-G

Muscle ContractionsMuscle Contractions

To make a muscle fiber contract, brain sends To make a muscle fiber contract, brain sends a signal to a motor neurona signal to a motor neuron

at the neuromuscular junction. at the neuromuscular junction. Releases neurotransmitter, called acetylcholineReleases neurotransmitter, called acetylcholine

Acetylcholine binds to receptorsAcetylcholine binds to receptorson calcium channels on calcium channels

The calcium binds to the troponin C The calcium binds to the troponin C present on the actin (coated with ADP)present on the actin (coated with ADP)

Actin moves towards myosin(coated with ATPActin moves towards myosin(coated with ATP

Muscle Contraction ContMuscle Contraction Cont

helps depolarize the muscle fibers helps depolarize the muscle fibers ATP helps z fibers to contract which are part of the sarcomereZ fibers move toward I band and causes contraction