ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019 · 1 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes:...

1 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes: 9873643487

ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES – 2019

GENERAL STUDIES - 10

Answer Key

Ans:1)(c)

Explanation: Option (a) is not correct as Jute

is not grown in Maharashtra and Gujarat and also it largely concentrated in the states of

Eastern India including West Bengal, Bihar,

parts of Uttar Pradesh.

Option (b) is incorrect as Cotton is not largely

concentrated in Uttar Pradesh.

The most appropriate option is Option (c).

Ans:2)(b)

Explanation: New seed varieties of wheat

(Mexico) and rice (Philippines) known as high

yielding varieties (HYVs) were available for cultivation by mid-1960s. India took

advantage of this and introduced package

technology comprising HYVs, along with

chemical fertilizers in irrigated areas of

Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh,

Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat.

Ans:3)(a)

Explanation: Population data are collected

through Census operation held every 10

years in our country. The first population census in India was conducted in 1872 but

its first complete census was conducted only

in 1881.

Ans:4)(b)

Explanation: As per census 2011, the population of the states is as follows:

1. West Bengal 9,13,47,736

2. Bihar 10,38,04,637

3. Maharashtra 11,23,72,972

4. Uttar Pradesh 19,95,81,477

Ans:5)(d)

Explanation: All the given pairs are correctly

matched. Kota in Rajasthan has nuclear

energy plant. Wind power plant at Lamba in

Gujarat in Kachchh is the largest in Asia. There is a geothermal energy plant at

Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.

Ans:6)(a)

Explanation: First 2 statements are correct and third statement is incorrect.

Union Territories (excluding Andaman and

Nicobar Islands) have high densities of

population as per census 2011.

Ans:7)(b) Explanation: Option (a) is incorrect as

stationary phase of growth is not marked by

an overall improvement in health and

sanitation throughout the country brought

down the mortality rate, rather it has high mortality rate due to poor medical facilities.

Option (c) is incorrect as this phase of

population explosion is marked by steep fall

in mortality rate.

Option (d) is incorrect as none of the given

statements talks about decrease in population growth.

Ans:8)(b)

Explanation: As per census 2011 the share

of adolescents i.e., up to the age group of 10-19 years is about 20.9 percent, among which

male adolescents constitute 52.7 percent and

female adolescents constitute 47.3 percent.

Ans:9)(c)

Explanation: Muslims, the largest religious minority, are concentrated in Jammu &

Kashmir, certain districts of West Bengal and

Kerala, many districts of Uttar Pradesh, in

and around Delhi and in Lakshadweep. They

form majority in Kashmir valley and Lakshadweep.

Ans:10)(c)

Explanation: In India people migrate from

rural to urban areas mainly due to poverty,

high population pressure on the land, lack of basic infrastructural facilities like health

care, education, etc. Apart from these factors,

natural disasters such as, flood, drought,

cyclonic storms, earthquake, tsunami, wars

and local conflicts also give extra push to migrate. On the other hand, there are pull

factors which attract people from rural areas

to cities. The most important pull factor for

majority of the rural migrants to urban areas

is the better opportunities, availability of

regular work and relatively higher wages.

Ans:11)(d)

Explanation: Work and employment have

remained the main cause for male migration

(38 percent) while it is only three percent for the females. Contrary to this, about 65

percent of females move out from their

parental houses following their marriage. This

is the most important cause in the rural

areas of India except in Meghalaya where

reverse is the case. In Meghalaya men move into women’s house when they get married.


Ans:12)(c)

Ans:13)(d)

Explanation: Rice is a Kharif crop and Vegetables are mostly grown in April to June

and are known as Zaid crops. Cucumber is a

Zaid crop.

Ans:14)(a)

Explanation: In West Bengal farmers grow three crops of rice called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and

‘boro’.

Ans:15)(a)

Explanation: The crop rice satisfies all the conditions mentioned in the given

statements. Among the given crops only rice

is grown twice or thrice in West Bengal and

Southern States of India.

Ans:16)(d) Explanation: It is primarily a crop of

temperate zone. Having temperature range of

21-26° celcius in summer and 10-15° celcius

in winters.

It is a rabi crop. It is grown under rainfed conditions in

Himalayan highlands and parts of Malwa

plateau in Madhya Pradesh

Ans:17)(d)

Explanation: The coarse cereals together occupy about 16.50 percent of total cropped

area in the country. Among these, jowar or

sorghum alone accounts for about 5.3

percent of total cropped area. It is main food

crop in semi-arid areas of central and southern India. Maharashtra alone produces

more than half of the total jowar production

of the country. Other leading producer states

of jowar are Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. It is sown in

both Kharif and Rabi seasons in southern states.

Ans:18)(a)

Explanation: Pulses are a very important

ingredient of vegetarian food as these are rich sources of proteins. These are legume crops

which increase the natural fertility of soils

through nitrogen fixation. India is a leading

producer of pulses and accounts for about

one-fifth of the total production of pulses in

the world.

Ans:19)(a)

Explanation: Maize is a food as well as

fodder crop grown under semi-arid climatic

conditions and over inferior soils. It requires temperature from 21-27° C and rainfall of

around 50-100cm.

Ans:20)(d)

Explanation: The oilseeds are produced for

extracting edible oils. Groundnut, rapeseed

and mustard, soyabean and sunflower are the main oilseed crops grown in India.

Ans:21)(a)

Explanation: The Highlights of National

Water Policy 2002.

Irrigation and multipurpose projects should

invariable include drinking water component, wherever there is no alternative source of

drinking water.

Providing drinking water to all human beings

and animals should be the first priority.

Measures should be taken to limit and

regulate the exploitation of groundwater.

Both surface and groundwater should be

regularly monitored for quality. A phased

programme should be undertaken for improving water quality.

The efficiency of utilization in all the diverse

uses of water should be improves.

Awareness of water as a scarce resource

should be fostered.

Conservation consciousness should be

promoted through education, regulation,

incentives and disincentives.

Major highlights of National Water Policy

2012

Emphasis on comprehensive legislation for

optimum development of interstate rivers and

river valleys.

Emphasis on the need for a National Water

Framework.

Adaptation strategies in the view of climate

change.

Ans:22)(a)

Explanation: A mineral is a natural

substance of organic or inorganic origin with

definite chemical and physical properties. The vast alluvial plain tract of north India is

devoid of minerals of economic use.

Ans:23)(c)

Explanation: Bauxite and Copper are the

examples of non-ferrous metallic minerals. Limestone and Graphite are non-metallic

minerals.

Ans:24)(a)

Explanation: Minerals have certain characteristic. These are unevenly distributed

over space. There is inverse relationship in

quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good

quality minerals are less in quantity as

compared to low quality minerals. The third

main characteristic is that all minerals are exhaustible over time.


Andhra Pradesh is the largest producer of

Mica. Nellore district of Andhra Pradesh is

famous for its mica (crude) production.

Rajasthan is the second largest producer of Mica in India.

Ans:25)(c)

Explanation: Most of the metallic minerals in

India occur in the peninsular plateau region

in the old crystalline form. Over 97 percent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar,

Sone, Mahanadi and Godavari. Petroleum

reserves are located in the sedimentary

basins of Assam, Gujarat and Mumbai High

i.e. off-shore region in the Arabian Sea. New reserves have been located in the Krishna-

Godavari and Kaveri basins. Krishna

Godavari and Kaveri basins are not known for

coal reserves.

Ans:26)(c) Explanation: The south-western plateau

region extends over Karnataka, Goa and

contiguous Tamil Nadu uplands and Kerala.

This belt is rich in ferrous metals and

Bauxite. It also contains high grade iron ore, manganese and limestone. This belt packs in

coal deposits except Nayveli lignite.

This belt does not have as diversified mineral

deposits as the north-eastern belt. Kerala has

deposits of monazite and thorium, bauxite

clay. Goa has iron ore deposits.

Ans:27)(d)

Explanation: North Western region extends

along Aravali in Rajasthan and part of

Gujarat and minerals are associated with Dharwar system of rocks. Copper, zinc have

been major minerals. Rajasthan is rich in

building stones i.e. sandstone, granite,

marble. Gypsum and Fuller’s earth deposits

are also extensive. Dolomite and limestone

provide raw materials for cement industry. Gujarat is known for its petroleum deposits

and it is the largest producer of petroleum in

India.

Ans:28)(d) Explanation: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila and

Ratnagiri are the famous iron ore mines of

India. Mayurbhanj is in Odisha Bailadila is in

Chhattisgarh and Ratnagiri is in

Maharashtra.

Ans:29)(a)

Explanation: Coal is a one of the important

minerals which is mainly used in the

generation of thermal power and smelting of

iron ore. Coal occur in rock sequences mainly of two geological ages, namely Gondwana and

tertiary deposits.

About 80 percent of the coal deposits in India

is of bituminous type and is of non-coking

grade. Jharia coal field is in Jharkhand not

Bihar.

Ans:30)(b)

Explanation: Naharkatiya is in Assam, not

Rajasthan.

Ans:31)(c) Explanation: Shyness of contact with

community at large is the criteria to declare

ST, not to have extensive contact with

community at large. Indication of primitive

traits, distinctive culture and geographic isolation and backwardness are other criteria

for declaring schedule tribe. These

parameters are not mentioned in the

constitution but these criteria have been fully

established. More than 700 tribes have been

notified under article 342 of the constitution. Hence option (c) is correct.

Ans:32)(b) Explanation: These may be a number of

geometrical forms and shapes such as: Rectangular pattern: Such patterns of rural

settlements are found in plain areas or wide

inter-montane valleys. The roads are

rectangular and cut each other at right

angles.

T –shaped settlements develop at tri-junctions of the roads. Y–shaped settlements

emerge as the places where two roads

converge on the third one and houses are

built along these roads. Cruciform

settlements develop on the cross-roads and

houses extend in all the four direction. Double village: These settlements extend on

both sides of a river where there is a bridge or

a ferry.

Ans:33)(b)

State Location

Gujarat Koyali

Uttar Pradesh Mathura

West Bengal Haldia Assam Digboi


Ans:34)(b)

Explanation: The Census 2011 is the 15th

National census survey conducted by the

Census Organization of India. Mr. C. Chandramouli is the Commissioner and

Registrar General of the Indian 2011 Census.

The national census survey covered all the 28

states of the country and 7 Union territories

including 640 districts, 497 cities, 5767

tehsils and over 6 lakh villages. According to the census reports of Indian Census 2011,

the population of India is 1,210,193,422 with

623, 724, 248 males and 586,469, 174

females. The total literacy rate in the country

at present is 74.04. A person, who can only read but cannot

write, is not considered as ‘literate’. It is not

necessary that a person should receive any

formal education or pass any minimum

education standard. Literacy can also be

achieved in adult literacy classes or through any non-formal education system. People who

are blind but can read in braille have been

treated as literates.

The lowest literacy rate in India is seen in the

state of Bihar. Top Literate States (According Census

2011)

1. Kerala 94.00 %

2. Lakshadweep 91.85 %

3. Mizoram 91.33 %

4. Goa 88.70 %

Ans:35)(a)

Explanation: “Hidden hunger is a lack of

vitamins and minerals. Hidden hunger occurs

when the quality of food people eat does not meet their nutrient requirements, so the food

is deficient in micronutrients such as the

vitamins and minerals that they need for

their growth and development.

The production of pulses and edible oil in

India has remained insufficient making India dependent on imports. The demand for these

food commodities is expected to increase in

future substantially. IARI has developed

mustard varieties suitable for unconventional

areas that can boost oil seed production. The Institute has also initiated the development of

synchronous-maturity pigeon-pea hybrids

and varieties, apart from chickpea. These

technologies will enhance the productivity of

pulses and edible oils to meet our domestic

requirements. India imports pulses from Australia, Canada, Myanmar etc.

The demand of edible oils (extracted from

oilseeds in addition to palm oil) is

significantly higher than the domestic

production, leading to dependence on imports (60% of requirement).

Extra information: India has around 2.4

percent of the world’s land resources and 5

percent of water resources. Yet, Indian

agriculture system supports 18 percent of the

world population.

Ans:36)(a)

Explanation: Commercial Livestock Rearing

(Ranching) is the capital intensive and

organised rearing of animals on scientific

lines. The main features of Commercial

Livestock rearing are: 1. It is practised in permanent ranches.

2. The rearing of animals is being undertaken

scientifically.

3. Fodder crops and grasses are cultivated to

feed the animals. 4. Special breeds of animals are reared to give

maximum yields of milk and meat.

5. Great emphasis is given on genetic

improvement, disease control and health care

of animals.

6. Every activity is carried out mechanically. 7. It is mostly practised in developed countries

such as New Zealand, Australia, Argentina

and United States of America.

Ranches are large areas of pastures. These

ranches are divided into a number of parcels which are fenced. When the grass of one

parcel is grazed, animals are moved to

another parcel. The number of animals in a

ranch is kept according to the carrying

capacity of pasture.

Ans:37)(b)

Explanation: Primitive subsistence

agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely

practised by many tribes in the tropics,

especially in Africa, South and Central America and South East Asia.

The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and

the ashes add to the fertility of the soil.

Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash

and burn agriculture.

It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in North eastern states

of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico

and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.

Ans:38)(c) Explanation: Road transport is the most

economical for short distances as compared

to railways. Roads are important than other

modes of transport because it offers door to

door services. They provide long distance

links through highways, motorways and autobahn. Due to increase in the size of

Lorries and its power, roadways can now

carry large and heavy goods. The quality of

roads varies greatly between countries

because the construction and maintenance is very high which is a limitation.


Ans:39)(d)

Ans:40)(d)

Explanation: The Indira Gandhi Canal is one of the largest canal projects in India. It starts

from the Harike Barrage at Harike, a few

kilometers below the confluence of the Satluj

and Beas rivers in the Indian state of Punjab

and terminates in irrigation facilities in the

Thar Desert in the north west of Rajasthan state.

The canal enters Haryana from Punjab near

Lohgarh village then runs through the

western part of the Sirsa district before

entering Rajasthan near Kharakhera village in the Tibbi tehsil of the Hanumangarh

district.

The idea of bringing the waters from the

Himalayan Rivers flowing through Punjab

and into Pakistan was conceived by an

hydraulic engineer, Kanwar Sain in the late 1940s.

Ans:41)(d)

Explanation: All the statements are correct. Additional information: The methane hydrate

is highly flammable and energy-intensive fuel

as one cubic metre of the compound can

releases about 160 cubic metres of gas. It is

also known as fire and ice. It is found in the

permafrost region and deep in the ocean. It can break down into water and methane

after temperature is raised or pressure is

lowered. It is likely to be the world’s last great

source of carbon-based fuel and has potential

to be a revolutionary energy source that could

cater future energy needs. Its vast deposits

exist underneath all around the globe, especially on the edge of continental shelves.

Ans:42)(a)

Explanation:

Ans:43)(a)

Explanation: Jaisalmer is a popular tourist spot in Rajasthan. Along with Jodhpur and

Bikaner it forms the famous Desert Triangle.

These are the famous cities in Rajasthan with

its deserts.

Ans:44)(d) Explanation: The overseas trade depends on

several factors such as:

1. Difference in natural resources

2. Scarcity of goods

3. Marketable surplus 4. Disparities in economic growth

5. War and peace

6. Transport and communication

7. Trade policy

8. Political relations, etc.


Ans:45)(d)

Explanation: Ennore port is in state of Tamil Nadu. This port has been recently developed to

reduce pressure of traffic on Chennai port.

Ans:46)(a)

Explanation: Factors affecting Inland Waterways:

1. The river and canals should have regular flow

of sufficient water.

2. The presence of waterfalls, Cataracts and

sharp bends in the course of river hinders the development of waterways.

3. Silting of the river bed reduces the depth of

water and creates problems for navigation.

Desilting of river beds is a costly affair.

4. Diversion of water for irrigation purposes

reduces the quantity of water in the river channel and should be done carefully.

5. There should be sufficient demand for

waterways to make it economically viable

mode of transportation.

Therefore, only statement 1 is favorable for

the development of inland waterways.

Ans:47)(c)

Explanation: Air transport is not as flexible

as the road transport. In road transport,

buses and trucks may be stopped anywhere and at any time on the road for loading and

unloading purposes whereas airlines do not

provide such flexibility.

Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi is

the busiest airport in India in terms of

passengers and Cargo both. UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Nagrik) scheme

aims to provide regional connectivity to

unserved and underserved regions of the

country.

Ans:48)(a)

Explanation: The Amritsar-Delhi-Kolkata Industrial Corridor will cover the seven states

of India namely Uttar Pradesh, Punjab,

Haryana, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand

and West Bengal.

Ans:49)(d)

Explanation: All the three statements are

correct. India was one of the first countries in

Asia to recognize the effectiveness of Export

Processing Zone (EPZ) model in promoting

exports with Asia’s first EPZ set-up in Kandla in 1965. In order to overcome the

shortcomings due to multiplicity of controls

and clearances, absence of world class

infrastructure, and an unstable fiscal regime

and for attracting larger foreign investments

in India, the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) Policy was announced in April, 2000.

Incentives and facilities to SEZ developers

Exemption from customs/ excise duties for

authorized operations.

Income Tax exemption on income derived

from business of development of SEZ.

Exemption from minimum alternative tax.

Exemption from dividend distribution tax.

Exemption from sales tax.

Exemption from service tax.

Ans:50)(d) Explanation: The public sector has its own

way of working which is slow and inefficient,

there are often prolonged delays in

completion of the projects.


Most of the public sector projects are plagued

with over capitalization which means the

input-output ratio is unfavorable.

There is a serious problem of under-utilization of capacity in public sector

enterprises.

The prices of most of the communities

produced by PSUs are fixed by the

government and these prices are fixed not on

the basis of profit maximization, rather there fixed keeping the public interest in mind.

Ans:51)(d)

Explanation: The major industrial regions of

India are as follows: 1. Mumbai-Pune Industrial region

2. Hugli industrial region

3. Gujarat industrial region

4. Chotanagpur industrial region

5. Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial

region 6. Bangalore-Tamil Nadu industrial region

7. Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial region

8. Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Industrial region.

Ans:52)(a) Explanation: India is one of the few countries

that has attained self-sufficiency in

manufacturing wide range of tyres for all its

applications. India has become a major tyre

exporting country and has a track record of

exporting to over 100 countries. India also imports tyres mainly from China and

Thailand.

USA is the largest export destination for

Indian manufactured tyres accounting for

13% of the total export turnover.

Ans:53)(b)

Explanation: Automobile industry globally is

one of the largest industries and is a key

driver of economy. Owing to its deep linkages

with several key segments of industry, automobile industry has a strong multiplier

effect on the economy.

Automobile industry did not exist in India in

the real sense before Independence. Only

assembly work was done from the imported parts.

The automobile industry tends to be located

near iron and steel producing centres

because steel is the basic raw material used

in this industry.

Ans:54)(a)

Explanation: There are three gold fields in

the country, namely Kolar Gold field, Kolar

district, Hutti Gold field in Raichur district (Both in Karnataka) and Ramgiri Gold field in

Anantpur District (Andhra Pradesh).

Ans:55)(d)

Explanation: Mango is the native of monsoon

lands and is grown in areas with temperature from 20°C to 30°C and rainfall 75 to 250 cm.

it can grow in almost all soils of India but

prefers rich clayey loams. It is largely grown

in groves especially near towns and villages

where it has a ready market. UP is the largest producer of Mangoes in India and Andhra

Pradesh is the second largest producer of

Mangoes in India.

Ans:56)(c)

Explanation: Konkan Region lies in the western side of the western ghat and it does

not come under rain shadow zone. North

Plains and central highlands and Eastern

Ghats, Tamil Nadu do not come under rain

shadow zone.

Ans:57)(b)

Explanation: Cropping pattern refers to

proportion of area under different crops at a

given point of time. It gives an idea of relative

importance of different crops in a region or a country at specific time. At the time of

Independence, about three-fourth of the total

cropped area was under food crops. At

present nearly 60% of the total cropped area

is under food crops.

Ans:58)(d)

Explanation: In India both tropical and

temperate crops are grown. India is a vast

country with varied types of relief, climate

and soil condition. Therefore, there is a large variety of crops grown in India.

Ans:59)(a)

Explanation: Apiculture is the practice of

developing and maintaining bee colonies by man. Beekeeping is practiced mainly for

honey, beeswax and for pollinating crops.

Honey is the most important product of

beekeeping. It contains vitamins and a large

number of nutritions elements.

Sericulture is the practice of cultivating silk and silkworms.

China is the largest producer of honey in the

world.


Ans:60)(a)

Explanation:

Ans:61)(b)

Explanation: Massai are the semi nomadic tribes who originated from the lower Nile

valley north of Lake Turkana (Northwest

Kenya) and began migrating south around

the 15th century, and finally settled in Kenya

around 17th and 18th Century. Zambol are

the small minorities in the northwestern South American countries such as Colombia,

Venezuela, Guyana and Ecuador. Nordic are

inhabited in the countries around North and

Baltic Seas. Bantus are primarily found in

Rwanda, Angola, Burundi, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, with some among other nations

in the Southern part of Africa.

Ans:62)(b)

Explanation: Genetically modified (GM)

soyabean was first introduced in 1996, principally to make soyabean crops resistant

to herbicides. Although resisted in some

regions, notably Europe, GM soyabean is now

grown in many parts of the world.

It has been developed by Monsanto. USA is the largest producer of the Soyabean,

not China.

Ans:63)(b)

Explanation: In most species, the sex ratio varies according to the age profile of the

population.

It is divided into four subdivisions:

Primary sex ratio — ratio at fertilization

(post conception)

Secondary sex ratio — ratio at birth

Tertiary sex ratio — ratio in sexually mature

organisms it is also included in enumeration

during population census.

quaternary sex ratio — ratio in post-reproductive organisms

Ans:64)(b)

Explanation: Today, the most rapid

population growth is occurring in parts of

Africa and Latin America, where death rates have fallen sharply, while birth rates remain

fairly high.

Ans:65)(a) Explanation: The arithmetic population density, the number of people divided by the

total land area, is the simplest method to

understand the degree of concentration of

population. Although this method ignores

differences in population distribution within a


country or a region, it is still better suited to

compare population characteristics of different countries. Physiological or nutritional density is a more refined method of

calculating man-land ratios. It is a ratio between total population and total cultivated

area or cropland.

Ans:66)(d)

Explanation: Gothard Base Tunnel is a

railway tunnel through the Alps in Switzerland.

The Seikan Tunnel is the world's longest

tunnel with an undersea segment (The

Channel tunnel, while shorter, has a longer

undersea segment). It is also the second deepest and the second longest main-line

railway tunnel after the Gotthard Base

Tunnel in Switzerland.

Marmaray is a partially operational rail

transportation project in the Turkish city of

Istanbul. The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel or Banihal

railway tunnel is an 11.215 km (7 mile)

railway tunnel located in Pir Panjal Range of

middle Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir,

India, north of Banihal town.

Ans:67)(d)

Explanation: There are four major areas of

high population density with more than 100

persons per sq. km. These are as follows:

East Asia, South and Southeast Asia; Northwest Europe; and the Eastern Coast of

North America. In reality, nearly half of the

world population is clustered over just 5 per

cent of the land, while about 33 per cent of

the total land area is virtually uninhabited. Nearly three-quarters of the population, (more

than 75 per cent) in the developed countries

now live in urban environments.

Ans:68)(d)

Explanation: Low Density Frontier Lands: Thinly

populated or uninhabited non-arable areas

which are identified as frontier environments,

occupy more than 60 per cent of the earth’s

land. These include the following:

Dry lands, where lack of precipitation is the

limiting factor and where irrigation has not

been feasible.

Cold lands at the high latitudes where frigid

temperature precludes agriculture.

Major mountain ranges and other

mountainous areas where climate is harsh

and terrain is too rugged to be cultivated.

Wet tropics, where heavy precipitation and

high temperature combine to produce

relatively infertile soils that do not support

intensive permanent cultivation, as well as

high incidence of debilitating diseases such

as malaria.

Remote areas: Over the last century or so,

permanent settlements have been established

in a few remote and difficult environments also. These were mostly uninhabited prior to

the development of locally available mineral

or forest resources, which now used latest

technology.

Ans:69)(d)

Explanation: Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam

are the leading producers of the natural

rubber in the world.

Kerala is the biggest producer of Rubber in

India. The climatic conditions for optimum growth

of rubber trees are:

Rainfall of around 250 centimetres evenly

distributed without any marked dry season

and with at least 100 rainy days per year. Temperature range of about 20 to 34 °C, with

a monthly mean of 25 to 28 °C.

Atmospheric humidity of around 80%.

About 2000 hours sunshine per year at the

rate of six hours per day throughout the year.

Absence of strong winds.

Ans:70)(d)

Explanation: Mediterranean climate is

characterized by rainy winter and dry

summer. Mediterranean agriculture is prominent in semi-arid region in North Africa

and in scattered areas in south-west Europe,

where cultivation of other crops is not viable.

Viticulture or grape cultivation is typical of

the Mediterranean regions. It calls for a

highly intensive form of farming. Not only good conditions of moisture, temperature and

soil are required, but much personal care is

also called for, if the grapes are to be of high

quality.

Distribution

Mediterranean agriculture exists primarily in

the lands that border the Mediterranean Sea in southern Europe, northern Africa and

western Asia.

Farmers in California, Central Chile and the

southwestern part of South Africa and

Australia practice Mediterranean agriculture

as well.

Ans:71)(c)

Explanation: The Linguistic Diversity Index

measures the diversity of languages spoken

in a country. The scale ranges from 0 to 1. An

index of 0 represents no linguistic diversity, meaning that everyone speaks the same

language. An index of 1 represents total

diversity, meaning that no two people speak


the same language. No country has an index

value of exactly 0 or 1. The Linguistic

Diversity Index can provide insight into the

multicultural nature of countries. Some have high linguistic diversity because of their

geographic position along trade routes. This

is seen in the relatively high linguistic

diversity in Kazakhstan, which was part of

the Silk Road. Other countries have high

linguistic diversity due to the presence of multiple, distinct ethnic groups, as seen in

Bolivia, India, and Chad. Nations with low

levels of linguistic diversity, such as Japan

and Norway, are often culturally

homogeneous.

Ans:72)(a)

Explanation: Subsistence farming might be

defined as having three characteristics. It

involves less-advanced technology; reliance

on machinery and chemicals will not be possible without a global economic network

to support them. The sole objective of the

farmer is to sustain her/his family. Typically,

the production units (farms, fields or

livestock herds) are small and relatively self-sufficient, so that in good years basic needs

of the family are met leaving a small surplus

for storage or trade. Three traditional

subsistence systems are: nomadic herding,

shifting agriculture and intensive subsistence

agriculture. It entails a largely vegetarian way of life which can be a danger of nutritional

deficiencies.

Ans:73)(a)

Explanation: dispersed settlement is the scattered pattern of households in a

particular area. This form of settlement is

common in the rural regions. This type of

settlement pattern is associated with the

nomadic pastoralist communities. Dispersed

settlement is a relatively new phenomenon because humans have all along throughout

the history lived in closed communities.

However, this type of settlement can also be

seen in a highly-productive land where the

reason behind the dispersed settlement is usually socio-cultural or historical.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Isolation of individual households put them

at great risk to breaches in security.

Minimal social interaction between the

households.

Difficult to access public amenities is another

challenge faced by people residing in

dispersed settlements.

Individualism, sentiments of living freely,

customs are protected due to less interaction from the outside world.

Poor sanitation and deplorable drainage

systems are rarely a problem in dispersed

settlements since a few people use these

amenities.

The large size of the land in dispersed

settlements makes it ideal for the employment of machinery in economic

activities for improved productivity.

It is Hamleted settlements where the original

site is not easily distinguishable and the

morphological diversity is rarely noticed.

Such settlements are found in West Bengal, eastern Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and

coastal plains.

Ans:74)(b)

Explanation:

In the past, during the political evolutions of

a state, states were separated by areas, not lines. The function of the intervening area

was to prevent direct contact between the

neighbouring states and it was referred to as

a frontier.

A frontier, can, thus, be defined as a politico-

geographical area, lying beyond defined borders of a political unit into which

expansion could take place (for instance,

European penetration into the Zulu-Natal

area and, in modern times, Antarctica).

Boundary implies the physical limit of

sovereignty and jurisdiction of a state; it is a

manifestation of integration and is oriented inwards.

A boundary is created and maintained by the

will of the government. It has no life of its

own, not even a material existence; a frontier

is a ‘fact of life’ and exists physically on

ground as a dynamic entity.

A boundary is well-defined and regulated by

law. It possesses uniform characteristics. A frontier is a phenomenon of history and, like

history, it is unique.

A boundary is a separating factor whereas a

frontier provides scope for mutual interaction

and exchange.

Ans:75)(a) Explanation: A settlement pattern means the

shape of a settlement. The shape of early

settlement was usually influenced by the

surrounding landscape. A dispersed

settlement pattern is where the buildings are spread out and is often found in upland

areas. A nucleated settlement pattern is

where a lot of buildings are grouped together

and is often found in lowland areas and a

linear settlement pattern is where the

buildings are built in lines and is often found on steep hillsides.


Ans:76)(d)

Explanation: Pickles, papad, basket making

fall in the first group which requires little

capital Investment and a high level of manual labor.

And edible oil and rice mills in the small

industry segment which requires medium

investment and semi-automation. Sugar, jute

and cotton mills are in the large scale sector.

The three segments have come up mainly based on their ability to bring in capital and

capacity to market products.

Ans:77)(b)

Explanation: There may be two causes for overpopulation (i) population growth exceeds

the existing resource base (ii) existing

resources have been depleted. The situation

of overpopulation displays unemployment,

low income inter alia the characteristics. Over

populations may occur either at national level or at regional level. Regional overpopulation

when found in rural areas is attributed to (i)

rapid increase of rural population (ii) skewed

distribution of agricultural land, (iii) lack of

development of non- agricultural sector (iv) low agricultural yield (v) lack of social

development etc.

Ans:78)(d)

Explanation: Russia, China, Kazakhystan

are the leading producers of asbestos. Chile and Peru are the leading producers of

Copper.

Brazil, Vietnam and Colombia are the leading

producers of coffee.

India and Bangladesh are the leading producers of Jute.

Ans:79)(c)

Explanation: Niche plays an important role

in conservation of organisms. Niche is a

description of all the biological, physical and chemical factors that a species needs to

survive, stay healthy and reproduce. No two species have exact identical niches. Types of niche:

1. Habitat Niche – where it lives

2. Food niche- what it eats or decomposes and

what species it competes with

3. Reproductive niche-how and when it

reproduce

4. Physical and Chemical niche- temperature land shape, land slope, humidity and other

requirement.

Ans:80)(a)

Explanation: Dayaks- Groups inhabit Borneo, Indonesia.

Eskimo-Mongoloids inhabit in Canada,

Greenland, Alaska and Siberia.

Fulani-are cattle herders of Nigeria

Jucunda are inhabitants of Brazil.

Ans:81)(d)

Explanation: Regions in different parts of the world have these characteristics.

Countries of Western Europe are most

urbanized and industrialized region of

Europe.

Buddhist culture has its dominance with

regional modification in East Asian culture. South East Asian Culture has been

characterized by transitional culture where

various cultures have intermingled.

Ans:82)(b) Explanation: Paper and Newsprint industry

is a vital and core industry of any country.

The first paper mill in the country was set up

at Serampore (Bengal) in 1832, which failed.

In 1870, a fresh venture was started at

Ballygunj near Kolkata. A planned development of paper and paperboard

industry began after independence. The

location of the industry is greatly influenced

by raw materials and to a lesser extent by

market. Inadequate availability of good quality of cellulose raw material, obsolete

technology, high cost of basic inputs and

environmental issues are some of the major

issues to be addressed by the paper industry

to become globally competitive.

Ans:83)(d)

Explanation: The government announced the

New Industrial Policy in July 1991 in line

with the liberalization measure taken during

the eighties. Since 1956, the number of industries reserved for public sector was 17

which was reduced to 8 in 1991, these are

further reduced later on. Firms with assets

above a certain limit were classified as MRTP

firms permitted to enter selected industries

only and that too on the basis of case by case approval. These were producing much

hindrance for the growth and development of

many large firms. The industrial policy

scrapped the threshold limit of assets in

respect of MRTP and dominant undertakings. It also removed Mandatory convertibility

clause. Under this clause, the financial

institutions followed a mandatory practice of

including convertibility clause in their lending

operation for new projects.

Ans:84)(c)

Explanation: A Kandla Port in Gujarat is a

tidal port.

Mumbai port is a natural harbor in the state

of Maharashtra. Vishakhapatnam port in Andhra Pradesh is

deepest port of India.


Kolkata is a riverine port in state of West

Bengal.

Ans:85)(c)

Explanation: Iron Ore Distribution in India

Hematite and magnetite are the two most

important iron ores in India.

Hematite: Odisha 33%, Jharkhand 26%, Chhattisgarh 18% and rest in Andhra

Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, MP,

Rajasthan, UP.

Magnetite: Karnataka 73%, Andhra Pradesh

14%, Rajasthan 5%, Tamil Nadu 4.9% and

rest in Assam, Bihar, Goa, Jharkhand, Kerala, MH, Meghalaya and Nagaland.

Ans:86)(a) Explanation: physiological or nutritional density is a ratio between total population

and total cultivated area or cropland. In

developing countries where subsistence

agriculture remains the most important economic activity, physiological density

reflects the intensity of agriculture and it

remains high comparatively. In most of these

agricultural countries, virtually all the land,

suitable for crops, is being cultivated. Thus

with population growth, more and more people need to be supported by the existing

cropland.

Ans:87)(b)

Explanation: Ukai Dam, constructed across

the Tapi river is the largest reservoir in Gujarat.

Wular Lake is a large fresh water lake in

Bandipore district in Jammu and Kashmir.

Wular Lake is fed by Jhelum River.

Govind Sagar is a man – made reservoir

situated in Bilaspur district, Himachal Pradesh. The reservoir on the river Satluj was

formed after the hydel dam at Bhakra was

constructed and has been named in honor of

Guru Govind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru.

Omkareshwar dam is built on the river Narmada.

Ans:88)(a)

Explanation: There are plantations of

rubber, tea, coffee, cocoa, banana, spices,

coconut etc. This type of agriculture is

practiced mainly in Assam, Sub Himalayan West Bengal and in the Nilgiri, Anamalai and

Cardamom hills in the south. Dry paddy,

buck wheat, maize, small millets, tobacco and

sugarcane are the main crops grown under

shifting agriculture.

Ans:89)(c) Explanation: Brain drain is a highly selective

migration motivated by personal ambition for

a superior standard of living offered to the

migrants at developed or industrialized

countries.

The consequences of migration are complex

and affect the economic as well as social systems of both areas of origin and

destination. It inflates the land price and

other resources at the destination due to

increase in demands. It also increases import

as migrants demands goods based on their

social and cultural needs.

Ans:90)(d)

Explanation: One of the most commonly

used methods for analyzing population

structure is the age and sex grouping which

is represented by age and sex pyramid. Vertical axis of such pyramids represent the

age structure of a population by showing age

group at regular intervals while Horizontal

axis of the pyramid is divided vertically into

two halves to represent males and females

separately in which right side representing the females and left side males.

Ans:91)(d)

Explanation: Surface water is available on

the surface of the earth in the form of rivers,

lakes, ponds, canals etc. Among the sources

of surface water nearly 87% exists in lakes, 11% in swamps and 2% in rivers.

The rivers of peninsular India are seasonal in

nature.

Ans:92)(c)

Explanation: The other features of slums are as follows:

The slums usually grow illegally on

government land.

Slums are unplanned quarters which develop

at the edge of main town, example is Kibera

slums which have developed at the edge of

Nairobi city. They are shanty town formed by

many houses of poor quality where people of poor income can afford to live and pay the

rent.

Slums are associated with poor sanitation

due to lack of proper garbage and sewage

disposal

Many of houses in slums are semi -

permanent.

Houses in slums are very cheap since they

are of poor quality and also due to low income of people living in slums

Slums are associated with high crime rate

Houses in slums are very close to each other

and are unplanned

Slums do not have enough supply of water

and power due to their location on the edge of

cities

Many people living in slums are unemployed

There is problem of overcrowding in slums


Percentage of slum population in

Maharashtra is 10.54% of its population and

in Andhra Pradesh, it is 12.04.

Ans:93)(c)

Explanation: A well is a hole dug in the

ground to obtain the sub-soil water. Well irrigation is popular in area where sufficient

ground water is available. These areas

include a large part of north Indian plain,

deltaic region of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna

etc.

Ans:94)(d)

Explanation:

Ans:95)(c)

Explanation: Poultry refers to domestic fowls

which are reared for their flesh only. It

includes chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys etc. Andhra Pradesh along with Telangana has

the largest number of poultry birds. This is

followed by Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West

Bengal.

As per report from NEERI - Arsenic is fed to

chickens to promote growth and weight gain with less feed. The long term exposure of

arsenic can cause cancer.

Ans:96)(a)

Explanation: It has been constructed on

Narmada River.

The project is beneficial to Gujarat,

Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and

Maharashtra. It will have generation of about

1450 MW Hydro Power.

Ans:97)(a)

Explanation:

Ans:98)(d)

Explanation: Sindhi and Sahiwal are Milch

breeds of cattle and Nagori is a Milch as well

as draught breed. Nagori breed is native of

Jodhpur.

Ans:99)(a)

Explanation: Physical characteristics of soil

include texture, structure, porosity and

colour. Alluvial soil is suitable soil for the cultivation

of Wheat, Maize, Barley, Gram, Pulses etc.

Clayey loams, fine and heavy soils are

suitable for rice and jute cultivation.

Laterite soil is rich in aluminum and it is

formed in hot and wet tropical areas. Most of the Indian soils are deficient in

nutrients like Nitrogen.

Ans:100)(c)

Explanation: It spreads over vast area along the east coast of the country from

Subarnarekha River in the north to

Kanyakumari in the south. A number of

rivers like Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri etc. in

this region form Delta before draining into

Bay of Bengal. This plain runs parallel to the direction of the

south west monsoon originating in the Bay of

Bengal.

Eastern Coastal plain receives rainfall from

south west monsoon as well as north east monsoon. The Koramandal coast along Tamil

Nadu receives rainfall from north east

monsoon.

ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019 · 1 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes:...

Documents

Transcript of ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES 2019 · 1 AIPTS 2019 (GS - 10) (E) Answer Key Byju’s Classes:...