All About Sentence Parts(and why you care)

Take Notes on this:Define clauseDefine phraseDefine and differentiate 2 types of clausesIdentify and give examples of 2 types of conjunctionsDefine and write examples of 3 sentence types

Clauses and Phrases both are groups of wordsA CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verbA PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb

Clauses and PhrasesA CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verbA PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verbAmericans must be on time for everythingon time for everything

Clause or Phrase? walking on the shoreLoudly called his nameWith yellow and red polka dotsIt was Americans with powerThey care too muchPPPPCC

ClausesClauses are the essential building blocks of sentencesThe number of clauses in a sentence determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence.

ClausesThe number of clauses in a sentences determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence1 clause=Simple sentence=American must be on time for everything0 clausemust be on time for everythingFragment==

Types of ClausesindependentdependentCan stand alone as a sentenceCannot stand alone as a sentenceEx: Americans love their freedom.Ex: because Americans love their freedom.

Dependent ClausesSubordinate clausesStart with a subordinating conjunction EX: because, while, although, as, so that, Relative ClausesStart with a relative pronounEx: that, which, who

Dependent or Independent ?Americans value material goodsthat in some countries, tradition is more important than it is in Americawho consider hard work more valuable than inheritanceTime mattersindependentdependentdependentindependent

ConjunctionsConnect sentence partsCoordinating ConjunctionsSubordinating Conjunctionsfor, and, nor, but, or, yet, soAlthough, because, so that, if,sinceConnect equal partsConnect unequal parts

Compare Subordination and CoordinationCoordinationWe care about our country, but we care more about individual rights SubordinationAlthough we care about our country, we care more about individual rights Two INDEPENDENT clauses carry equal grammatical weight Subordinate clause carries LESS grammatical weightthan independent clause

Sentence typesSimple SentenceOne independent clauseAmericans value work.Generally, hard

Sentence types CompoundSentenceTwo (or more) independent clausesAmericans value work,andthey value its rewards.

Sentence types ComplexSentenceOne (or more) independent clause(s) and one (or more) dependent clause(s)Since Americans value hard work,they also value its rewards.

Finding the SubjectThe subject of the sentence is in the INDEPENDENT CLAUSEThe subject of the sentence cannot be in a prepositional phraseA compound sentence will have more than one subject.

Finding the SubjectAround my house my mother is the Queen.S,When it snows we warm up her car and we scrape all the snow off of it. SS,,

Punctuating Using Clauses

IC +, + IC = Comma Splice

IC = Independent Clause

Simple Sentence (SS)

IC + IC = Run On

(BAD)

(BAD)

Punctuating Using ClausesIC +, FB + ICCS = Compound SentenceGood!IC + ; ICCS = Compound SentenceGood!My mother loves us, and we love her.My mother loves us; we love her.

Punctuating Using ClausesSC = subordinate clauseSC+, + ICComplex SentenceCXGOOD!IC + SCComplex SentenceCXGOOD!Although she is young, she is wise.She is wise although she is young

Punctuating Using Clauses

IC+RC+SC = Complex Sentence (CX)

SC+, IC+ RC = Complex Sentence (CX)

Punctuating Using ClausesWords or phrases before the subject that are not PART of the subject are separated from the subject with a commaEven though she is working a lot, at 8:00 am she will arrive on time and ready for her class.,,On Labor Day we will not have class.SS