All About China and Japan
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Transcript of All About China and Japan
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Japan and china
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CULTURE
CHINA
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Simplified Chinese:
中国文化 ;
Are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Xiandai Hany Tongyong Zibiao (List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese) for use in mainland China
Traditional Chinese:
中國文化 ;
Are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau or in
the Kangxi Dictionary.
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CULTURE
JAPAN
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Culture of Japan
Has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to
its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of
Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world
during the Tokugawa shogunate after Japanese missions to Imperia China, until the arrival of "The
Black Ships" and the Meiji period.
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RELIGION
CHINA
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Religions & Beliefs in China
China has been a multi-religion country since the ancient times. It is well known that
Confucianism is an indigenous religion and is the soul of Chinese culture, which enjoyed popular support among people and even
became the guiding ideology for feudalism society, but it did not develop into a national
belief.
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Religions & Beliefs in China
According to a latest survey, 85% of Chinese people have religious beliefs or had some
religious practices and only 15% of them are real atheists. (The real atheists here refer to those who
do not have faith in any religions nor had any activities related to religions or folk customs.) 185 million people believe in Buddhism and 33 million
have faith in Christianity and believes in the existence of God. Only 12 million people are
Taoists, although more than one hundred million have taken part in Taoism activities before.
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Buddhism
Buddha Statues in Yungang Grottoes, Datong
Chinese Religion Pictures Being brought into China 2,000 years ago, it was
gradually widely accepted by most Chinese people and
developed into three sections, namely the Han,
Tibetan and Southern Buddhism. Buddhism not only brought a different
religion, but also brought a different culture.
Buddha Statues in Yungang Grottoes, Datong
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Confucianism
Confucianism, not a real religion, is just an ethical
and philosophical system, which developed
from Confucius’ thoughts and later was treated as a kind of belief to educate
common people. It obtained its stable position under the reign of Emperor Wu of Han
Dynasty (202BC-220AD), and became the ideology of
the society in the feudal system since then.
Statue of Confucius
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Taoism
Taoism, with more than 1,800 years’ history originated in
the Warring Period and came into being in Eastern
Han Dynasty (25 - 220). Now about 300 Taoist Temples are scattered around China, in which
about 30 thousand Taoists lived in. Around 5 Taoist
schools exist in the country and two main sections are
included in Taoism.
The Immortals Worshipped by Taoism
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Islam
Being introduced into China in the 7th century in Tang Dynasty, Islam has more than 1,400 years’
history in the country. Now, Muslims live everywhere, but the highest concentrations are
Ningxia Hui Autonosmous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Gansu Province and even
Qinghai Province. Sunni Islam was the main branch worshipped by almost all the Muslims in
the country.
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Christianity in China
As one of the three most popular religions (together with
Islam and Buddhism) in the world, Christianity influences the belief and life of over 30%
of the world’s population. Based on the Old Testament
and New Testament, Christianity is a monotheistic
religion based on belief in Jesus Christ. Originating in the
Middle East, this religion abounded in Europe, and then
gradually migrated to Asia, America, Africa, etc.
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RELIGION
JAPAN
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Japanese religion
The Japanese religious tradition is made up of several major components, including Shinto,
Japan’s earliest religion, Buddhism, and Confucianism. Christianity has been only a
minor movement in Japan. However, the so-called “new religions” that arose in the
nineteenth and twentieth centuries are a prominent feature of Japanese religious life
today.
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Shinto
Shinto, or the “way of the spirits or deities,” began to take form in Japan’s pre-historic period before the sixth century C.E. In this early
phase, Shinto was the religion of a pre-literate society that was organized around the central
social unit of the clan. Shinto deities or kami were seen as permeating the natural
world.
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Buddhism
Buddhism arose in India in the
sixth century B.C.E and, after passing through China and Korea, arrived in Japan in the sixth
century C.E. As originally presented by the historical Buddha, Buddhism was a path of
practice that an individual could take up to gain release from suffering.
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Confucianism
Like Buddhism, Confucianism also entered
Japan from Korea and China. The tradition was founded in China by Confucius (551-479 B.C.E),
whose teachings were passed on to posterity by his disciples in the Analects or Sayings of Confucius.
Having lived at a time of political unrest, Confucius tried to lead his world back to peace and stability by
urging people to cultivate virtue.
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Christianity and the New Religions
Two other noteworthy components of the Japanese religious tradition are Christianity and the new religions. Christianity entered Japan first in the
sixteenth century, when Catholicism was introduced in 1549. It gained few followers at the time, and the Tokugawa family suppressed Christianity in the
seventeenth century. After the collapse of Tokugawa control and the opening of Japan to the world in the
Meiji period (1868-1914), Christianity was again introduced by Protestant missionaries.
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MUSIC
CHINA
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Music of China
Dates back to the dawn of Chinese civilization with documents and
artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical culture as early as
the Zhou Dynasty (1122 BCE - 256 BCE). The earliest music of the Zhou Dynasty recorded in ancient Chinese
texts includes the ritual music called yayue and each piece may be
associated with a dance.
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MUSIC
JAPAN
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Music of Japan
This includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles
both traditional, and modern. The word for music in Japanese is, as is
the rest of the sinosphere, 音楽 (ongaku), combining the kanji 音
"on" (sound) with the kanji 楽 "gaku" (enjoyment)
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VISUAL ARTS
CHINA
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Chinese artEncompasses all facets
of fine art, folk art and performance art. Porcelain pottery was one of the first
forms of art in the Palaeolithic period. Early Chinese music
and poetry was influenced by the Book
of Songs, and the Chinese poet and
statesman Qu Yuan.
Covered red jar with dragon
and sea design from the Jiajing period in the Ming
dynasty.
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VISUAL ARTS
JAPAN
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Japanese Painting
Painting has been an art in Japan for a very
long time: the brush is a traditional writing
and painting tool, and the extension of that
to its use as an artist's tool was probably
natural.
The Great Wave at Kanagawa
by Hokusai.
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Japanese Calligraphy
The flowing, brush-drawn Japanese rendering of text itself is seen as a traditional art form as well as a means of conveying written
information. The written work can consist of
phrases, poems, stories, or even single
characters.
Inscription on the halo of the statue of the Medicine Buddha,
Hōryū-ji TempleWritten in the 7th century
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SculptureTraditional Japanese
sculptures mainly consisted
of Buddhist images, such asTathagata, Bodhisattva, and Myō-ō. The oldest sculpture in Japan is a
wooden statue of Amitābha at
the Zenkō-ji temple. In the Nara period, Buddhist
statues were made by the national government
to boost its prestige.
Guardian in Todaiji, Nara.
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Ukiyo-eUkiyo-e, literally
"pictures of the floating world", is a genre of woodblock
prints that exemplifies the
characteristics of pre-Meiji Japanese
art.
"Shōki zu"by:
Okumura Masanobu, 1741-1751.
-An example of pillar print
format, 69.2 x 10.1 cm.
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Performing arts
The four traditional theatres from Japan
are noh (or nō),
kyōgen, kabuki, and bunraku. Noh had its origins in the union of
the sarugaku, with music and dance
made by Kanami and Zeam
Motokiyo.
Noh play at
traditional Noh theatre.
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CUISINE
CHINA
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Chinese cuisine
It includes styles originating from the
diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world. The history of Chinese cuisine in China
stretches back for thousands of years and
has changed from period to period and in each region according to
climate, imperial fashions, and local preferences
Chao fan or Chinese
fried rice
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China's Regional Cuisines
China can be divided into many
geographical areas, and each area has a
distinct style of cooking. The ingredients used in the food are based on the natural agricultural products
of the region.
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8 Distinct Regional Cuisine
Chuan Cuisine Cantonese Cuisine Lu Cuisine
Min Cuisine Su Cuisine Xiang Cuisine
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CUISINE
JAPAN
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Cuisine of Japan
The traditional cuisine of Japan (washoku or 和食 ) is based on rice with miso soupand other
dishes, with an emphasis on seasonal ingredients. The side dishes often consist of
fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth. apanese cuisine, particularly
sushi, has now become popular throughout the world. As of 2011, Japan overtook France in
number of Michelin starred restaurants and has maintained the title ever since.
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Cuisine of Japan
Once known in the west either in the form of "sukiyaki" or the more exotic "sushi," Japanese cuisine has in recent years become much more familiar and appreciated around the world. Many visitors to Japan will have already sampled the pleasures of raw fish or batter-fried shrimp. But few first-time visitors to Japan are prepared for the variety and sumptuousness of Japanese food, as it is traditionally prepared. Eating in Japan is an experience to be enjoyed and remembered fondly for the rest of your life.
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A Japanese teishoku meal includingtempura, sashi
mi, and miso soup.
Breakfast at a ryokan (Japanese inn), featuring grilled mackerel, Kansai style dashimaki egg, tofu in kaminabe(paper pot)
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Sukiyaki is prepared right at the table by cooking
thinly sliced beef together with vegetables, tofu and
vermicelli.
Tempura is food deep-fried in vegetable oil after being
coated with a mixture of egg, water and wheat flour.
Among the ingredients used are prawns, fish in season and vegetables.
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Sushi is a small piece of raw seafood placed on a ball of vinegared rice. The most
common ingredients are tuna, squid and prawns. Cucumber, pickled radish and sweet egg
omelet are also served.
Sashimi is sliced raw fish eaten with soy sauce.
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Kaiseki ryori is regarded as Japan's most exquisite culinary refinement. Consisting mainly of
vegetables and fish with a seasoning base of seaweed and
mushrooms, the dishes are characterized by their refined
savor.
Yakitori is made up of small pieces of chicken meat, liver
and vegetables skewered on a bamboo stick and grilled over
hot coals.
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Tonkatsu is a deep-fried pork cutlet rolled in
breadcrumbs.
Shabu-shabu is tender, thin slices of beef held with
chopsticks and swished around in a pot of boiling
water, then dipped in sauce before being eaten.
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Soba and udon are two kinds of Japanese noodles.
Soba is made from buckwheat flour and udon from wheat flour. They are served either in a broth or dipped in sauce and are available in hundreds of
delicious variations.
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SPORTS
CHINA
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Table tennis
Table tennis
(pingpong)[edit]
Ping pong ( 乒乓 ) is the official name for the sport of table tennis in China.
Table tennis match
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SPORTS
JAPAN
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Sumo is a competitive full-contact wrestling sport where a rikishi(wrestler) attempts to force another wrestler out of a circular ring (dohyō) or into touching the ground with anything other than the soles of the feet. The characters 相撲 literally mean "striking one another".
Sumo wrestling is considered Japan's national sport.
A sumo match (tori-kumi) between formeryokozuna Asashōryū (left) and then-komusubiKotoshōgiku in January 2008.
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Traditional clothing
CHINA
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Chinese Clothing
As a vital part of Chinese civilization, traditional
costumes play an important role in the country’s history and culture. Their basic features are cross-collar, wrapping the
right lapel over the left, tying with sash and a
form of blouse plus skirt or long gown.
Traditional Chinese Suit
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Other Types
Cheongsam
Clothing of Miao Ethnic Minority
Clothing of Uygur People
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Traditional clothing
JAPAN
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Japanese clothing
Traditional Japanese clothing distinguishes Japan from all other countries around the world. The Japanese word kimono means
"something one wears" and they are the
traditional garments of Japan.
Geisha performing dance,
dressed in kimono.
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Thank you.........