ALL ABOUT AZTECS Your goal today is to be able to define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, Hernan Cortes, and...
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Transcript of ALL ABOUT AZTECS Your goal today is to be able to define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, Hernan Cortes, and...
ALL ABOUT AZTECSALL ABOUT AZTECS
Your goal today is to be able to Your goal today is to be able to define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan,
Hernan Cortes, and Montezuma. Hernan Cortes, and Montezuma. You should also be able to describe You should also be able to describe the encounter and consequences the encounter and consequences
of the conflict between the Spanish of the conflict between the Spanish and the Aztecs. Finally, you will be and the Aztecs. Finally, you will be
required to describe the Aztec required to describe the Aztec culture and tell how Cortes and culture and tell how Cortes and Montezuma affected the Aztecs.Montezuma affected the Aztecs.
WELCOME TO THE AZTECSWELCOME TO THE AZTECS
THEIR LOCATIONTHEIR LOCATION
The Aztecs were a great nation of The Aztecs were a great nation of nomadic warriors who traveled nomadic warriors who traveled
Mexico about 700 years ago in search of a land to call their own.
THE EAGLE AND THE SNAKETHE EAGLE AND THE SNAKE
The Aztec chief had a dream in The Aztec chief had a dream in which their God appeared to him which their God appeared to him and declared that the and declared that the Aztecs Aztecs would would build a great nation where the Eagle build a great nation where the Eagle with a snake in its talons lands on a with a snake in its talons lands on a
cactus. cactus.
THE ISLAND IN THE LAKETHE ISLAND IN THE LAKE
The warriors searched for many days and The warriors searched for many days and came upon a lake. They were tired and came upon a lake. They were tired and hungry. They gazed out upon the lake hungry. They gazed out upon the lake and guess what they saw. Exactly!! A and guess what they saw. Exactly!! A
huge eagle swooped down and grabbed huge eagle swooped down and grabbed a snake in its talons and landed on a a snake in its talons and landed on a cactus that was on an island in the cactus that was on an island in the
middle of the lake.middle of the lake.
GREAT BUILDERSGREAT BUILDERS
The Aztecs began to build a great nation in The Aztecs began to build a great nation in the middle of a huge lake. They named the middle of a huge lake. They named
their city, Tenochtitlan. It has been their city, Tenochtitlan. It has been likened to Venice because of its great likened to Venice because of its great
gardens and streams. They traveled by gardens and streams. They traveled by boat much like in Venice. It was a city boat much like in Venice. It was a city
built of gold.built of gold.
THE AZTEC EDUCATIONTHE AZTEC EDUCATION
The Aztecs were very The Aztecs were very educated. They were the educated. They were the
first to create an first to create an advanced calendar that advanced calendar that
is more accurate than our is more accurate than our own. They performed own. They performed
brain surgery. They were brain surgery. They were great in mathematics, great in mathematics, architecture, building, architecture, building, astronomy, medicine, astronomy, medicine, surgery, and farming. surgery, and farming.
THE AZTEC RELIGIONTHE AZTEC RELIGION
The Aztecs were very The Aztecs were very religious people. They religious people. They
worshipped many worshipped many gods. They had a god gods. They had a god for almost everything. for almost everything. The Aztecs believed The Aztecs believed that the moon and that the moon and the sun were gods. the sun were gods.
They thought that the They thought that the moon and the sun did moon and the sun did
battle every night battle every night and day.and day.
THE AZTECS GODSTHE AZTECS GODSThe Aztecs believed The Aztecs believed
that in order to that in order to give the Sun power give the Sun power to defeat the moon to defeat the moon
and rise each and rise each morning, the Sun morning, the Sun must have a blood must have a blood
sacrifice. They sacrifice. They believed they must believed they must sacrifice a beating sacrifice a beating heart everyday.heart everyday.
THE AZTEC SACRIFICESTHE AZTEC SACRIFICES
The Aztecs were forced to be at constant The Aztecs were forced to be at constant war to obtain prisoners to sacrifice. war to obtain prisoners to sacrifice.
They captured them and held them for They captured them and held them for daily sacrifice. They were placed on a daily sacrifice. They were placed on a bench and their heart was cut out and bench and their heart was cut out and placed in a stone statue of Chac-mool.placed in a stone statue of Chac-mool.
THE AZTEC WARFARETHE AZTEC WARFARE
The Aztecs were The Aztecs were feared and feared and
hated by all of hated by all of the other the other
Indian tribes of Indian tribes of Mexico. Mexico.
THE ARRIVAL OF THE THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANISHSPANISH
A man by the name of A man by the name of Hernán Cortez had Hernán Cortez had
heard of the heard of the infamous Aztecs. The infamous Aztecs. The
Spanish were Spanish were experiencing gold experiencing gold fever and Hernán fever and Hernán Cortez agreed to Cortez agreed to
come to the come to the Americas and Americas and
conquer the Aztecs conquer the Aztecs and steal their gold.and steal their gold.
THE CONQUEST OF THE THE CONQUEST OF THE AZTECSAZTECS
The Spanish conquistadors landed in The Spanish conquistadors landed in Mexico with approximately 300 men Mexico with approximately 300 men and 40 horses. They traveled Mexico and 40 horses. They traveled Mexico
and met with the Indians. Upon and met with the Indians. Upon hearing how fierce the Aztecs were, hearing how fierce the Aztecs were,
Cortez’ men became scared and Cortez’ men became scared and wished to return to Spain. Cortez wished to return to Spain. Cortez
became more greedy and burned his became more greedy and burned his ships. This forced his men to fight or ships. This forced his men to fight or
die.die.
THE AZTEC TRAITORTHE AZTEC TRAITOR
Another Indian tribe Another Indian tribe gave Cortez a woman gave Cortez a woman slave by the name of slave by the name of
Malinche. She had Malinche. She had been captured as a been captured as a child by the Mayas. child by the Mayas.
She was an Aztec and She was an Aztec and spoke many different spoke many different languages because languages because
she had been traded she had been traded by many different by many different
Indian tribes.Indian tribes.
THE COMING OF THE AZTEC THE COMING OF THE AZTEC GODGOD
Malinche became Malinche became infatuated with infatuated with
Cortez because he Cortez because he was the first was the first
person to treat her person to treat her nicely in many nicely in many years. She told years. She told Cortez that the Cortez that the
Aztecs were Aztecs were awaiting their god, awaiting their god,
Quetzalcoatl, to Quetzalcoatl, to return this year.return this year.
THE MEETINGTHE MEETING
According to Aztec According to Aztec legend, a tall white legend, a tall white man had appeared man had appeared
and ruled and left the and ruled and left the Aztecs after promising Aztecs after promising to return in 100 years to return in 100 years
to rule them again. to rule them again. Hernán Cortez was Hernán Cortez was
Spanish. He was a tall Spanish. He was a tall white man and he white man and he
came to Tenochtitlan came to Tenochtitlan that exact year. that exact year.
MONTEZUMAMONTEZUMA
Hernán Cortez Hernán Cortez presented presented
himself to the himself to the Aztec leader, Aztec leader, Montezuma, Montezuma,
and claimed to and claimed to be their be their
returning God.returning God.
THE END OF THE AZTECSTHE END OF THE AZTECS
Montezuma gave the Montezuma gave the Spaniards gifts of Spaniards gifts of
gold and welcomed gold and welcomed them to his city. them to his city. The Aztecs had The Aztecs had
never before seen never before seen horses and guns horses and guns
and wept with fear. and wept with fear. They believed They believed
Hernán Cortez to Hernán Cortez to be their long lost be their long lost
god. god.
HERNAN CORTEZHERNAN CORTEZHernan Cortez and his men killed Hernan Cortez and his men killed
Montezuma. The Aztecs were Montezuma. The Aztecs were horrified. They had given an enemy horrified. They had given an enemy a key to the city. As they debated a key to the city. As they debated on whether Hernan was actually a on whether Hernan was actually a god, disease spread throughout god, disease spread throughout Tenochtitlan. One third of the Tenochtitlan. One third of the
Indians were stricken and died of Indians were stricken and died of small pox. The great Indian nation small pox. The great Indian nation
was weakened by disease and was weakened by disease and without a leader. without a leader.
THE GREAT BATTLETHE GREAT BATTLE
The Aztecs decided to kill the The Aztecs decided to kill the Spaniards; however, they were sick Spaniards; however, they were sick with disease and without a leader. with disease and without a leader.
Still the Spaniards were out Still the Spaniards were out numbered one thousand to one. The numbered one thousand to one. The Spanish then sent out messages to Spanish then sent out messages to
the other Indian tribes who hated the the other Indian tribes who hated the Aztecs, telling them that they had Aztecs, telling them that they had conquered the city and killed the conquered the city and killed the
leader. The other Indian tribes saw leader. The other Indian tribes saw this as an opportunity to be rid of the this as an opportunity to be rid of the
Aztecs and came to help. Aztecs and came to help.
WHAT TO DO WITH THE WHAT TO DO WITH THE GOLD?GOLD?
The Aztecs quickly realized that they The Aztecs quickly realized that they had no leadership. They were had no leadership. They were
becoming sick with small pox and becoming sick with small pox and more and more other Indian tribes more and more other Indian tribes were coming to help the Spanish. were coming to help the Spanish.
While some were fighting the While some were fighting the Spaniards, the Aztec people, men, Spaniards, the Aztec people, men, women, and children worked and women, and children worked and
gathered up the gold throughout the gathered up the gold throughout the city and piled it into boats. One by one city and piled it into boats. One by one they sunk those boats into the lake. they sunk those boats into the lake.
MEXICO CITYMEXICO CITY
The bulk of the Aztec gold was lost to The bulk of the Aztec gold was lost to the world. The great Aztec Empire fell. the world. The great Aztec Empire fell. Mexico then built a great city on the Mexico then built a great city on the site which used to be Tenochtitlan. site which used to be Tenochtitlan. Mexico City stands where the great Mexico City stands where the great
Aztec city once lay. The gold is Aztec city once lay. The gold is underneath Mexico City, which is underneath Mexico City, which is
currently the largest city in the world. currently the largest city in the world. The Aztec symbol is proudly flown on The Aztec symbol is proudly flown on
the Mexican flag and today the the Mexican flag and today the Mexican people view the Aztecs and Mexican people view the Aztecs and
not Cortez as national heroes.not Cortez as national heroes.
CLOSING ACTIVITYCLOSING ACTIVITY
Throughout today’s lesson you Throughout today’s lesson you learned of the origin and the learned of the origin and the destruction of the Aztec people. How destruction of the Aztec people. How do you feel after listening to the do you feel after listening to the story of how the Aztecs were story of how the Aztecs were conquered? How do you feel about conquered? How do you feel about the methods used by Cortes’ and his the methods used by Cortes’ and his followers? Explain your answer.followers? Explain your answer.
All About the IncasAll About the Incas
Your goal today is to be able to Your goal today is to be able to define the following key concepts: define the following key concepts:
Incas, Francisco Pizzaro, and Incas, Francisco Pizzaro, and Atahualpa. You should be able to Atahualpa. You should be able to
describe the encounter and describe the encounter and consequences of the conflict consequences of the conflict
between the Spanish and the Incas. between the Spanish and the Incas.
Who were the Inca?Who were the Inca? The Inca built their empire The Inca built their empire in South America.in South America. They started out as a small They started out as a small clan that conquered nearby peoples.clan that conquered nearby peoples. Cuzco became their capital city Cuzco became their capital city around the year 1200 CE.around the year 1200 CE. After a series of emperors, the Inca After a series of emperors, the Inca expanded throughout the Andes Mountain region.expanded throughout the Andes Mountain region. They had an empire of over 12 million people living in They had an empire of over 12 million people living in
present day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, present day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina.and Argentina.
The Inca originally did not have written records. Their The Inca originally did not have written records. Their history was passed down orally until the Spanish history was passed down orally until the Spanish conquest.conquest.
Making a LivingMaking a Living
The Inca economy was based on The Inca economy was based on agriculture.agriculture.
Most Inca were farmers.Most Inca were farmers.They cultivated crops of corn, They cultivated crops of corn,
potatoes, squash, tomatoes, chili potatoes, squash, tomatoes, chili peppers, and cotton.peppers, and cotton.
The Inca also raised animals such as The Inca also raised animals such as dogs, guinea pigs, and alpacas.dogs, guinea pigs, and alpacas.
Incan Social StructureIncan Social Structure
The Inca had a rigid social structure.The Inca had a rigid social structure.They were divided into two main They were divided into two main
classes: nobles and farmers.classes: nobles and farmers.The farmers were the common The farmers were the common
people and were divide into ayullu. people and were divide into ayullu. The ayullu were groups of families The ayullu were groups of families that lived together and shared crops, that lived together and shared crops, animals, and land. The Inca stayed in animals, and land. The Inca stayed in the ayullu for life.the ayullu for life.
Incan GovernmentIncan Government
The Inca government was very developed.The Inca government was very developed. At the top was the emperor, who was At the top was the emperor, who was
believed to be a descendant of the sun believed to be a descendant of the sun god.god.
The emperor ruled with the help of The emperor ruled with the help of bureaucrats, people who carried out bureaucrats, people who carried out orders. Many nobles worked with the orders. Many nobles worked with the emperor to carry out military and religious emperor to carry out military and religious matters. Their government system also matters. Their government system also included governors and district governors.included governors and district governors.
The Conquest of the IncasThe Conquest of the Incas 10 years after 10 years after
conquest of Aztecs, conquest of Aztecs, Francisco Pizzaro led Francisco Pizzaro led expedition to Peruexpedition to Peru
Pizzaro heard of Pizzaro heard of fabulous wealth of fabulous wealth of Inca Empire; hoped to Inca Empire; hoped to win wealth for himselfwin wealth for himself
Inca Empire already Inca Empire already weakened by weakened by smallpox; many killed, smallpox; many killed, including emperorincluding emperor
Civil war had also Civil war had also broken outbroken out
1532, new ruler, 1532, new ruler, Atahualpa, agreed to Atahualpa, agreed to meet with Spanishmeet with Spanish
Pizarro demanded Pizarro demanded Atahualpa accept Atahualpa accept Christianity, AND hand Christianity, AND hand over the empire to Spainover the empire to Spain
Atahualpa refusedAtahualpa refused Spanish killed Spanish killed
Atahualpa, destroyed Atahualpa, destroyed Inca army, and took over Inca army, and took over the Inca empirethe Inca empire
Correction and Correction and Addition Addition
Population=Over!!! Population=Over!!! 10 million10 million
Aztec pyramids were used as Aztec pyramids were used as templestemples
The Colombian The Colombian ExchangeExchange
Columbian ExchangeColumbian ExchangeWhat was it????What was it????
The widespread exchange The widespread exchange of plants, animals, food, of plants, animals, food, humans, disease and ideas.humans, disease and ideas.
Began with European arrival Began with European arrival to the Western Hemisphere.to the Western Hemisphere.
Columbian ExchangeColumbian Exchange
AmericasAmericas PotatoesPotatoes BeansBeans Maize (corn)Maize (corn) TomatoesTomatoes turkeysturkeys
EuropeEurope Wheat Wheat RiceRice SugarSugar BananasBananas PigsPigs HorsesHorses CattleCattle GodGod diseasesdiseases
Animal ExchangeAnimal ExchangeL.A. had no large L.A. had no large
domesticateddomesticated animals animals
except for llamas.except for llamas.
UNTIL THIS TIME, THERE UNTIL THIS TIME, THERE WERE NO HORSES IN THE WERE NO HORSES IN THE AMERICAS. AMERICAS.
Animal ExchangeAnimal ExchangeBig impact on Big impact on land use, land use,
economies and lifestyles.economies and lifestyles.
The imported animals The imported animals became the center of Latin became the center of Latin America livestock industry.America livestock industry.
SLAVERY COMES TO AMERICASLAVERY COMES TO AMERICA
European officials governed European officials governed American holdings.American holdings.
Disease and mistreatment Disease and mistreatment reduced the native population.reduced the native population.
Reformers recommended Reformers recommended replacing Native American replacing Native American laborers with imported African laborers with imported African slaves.slaves.
African SlaveryAfrican Slavery
Spain took slaves to the Spain took slaves to the Caribbean.Caribbean.
Portugal took slaves to Brazil.Portugal took slaves to Brazil.Cultural Influence (voodoo Cultural Influence (voodoo
religion, mulattos, music, religion, mulattos, music, dance and art.dance and art.