Alkanes: Introduction · 2012-06-30 · Reactions of Alkanes Oxidation-Reduction Review exchange of...
Transcript of Alkanes: Introduction · 2012-06-30 · Reactions of Alkanes Oxidation-Reduction Review exchange of...
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Alkanes: IntroductionUCI Chem 51A
Dr. Link
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GoalsAfter this lesson you should be able to:
Identify and name alkanes
Predict reactions of alkanes
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Fundamental Hydrocarbons
Alkanes: simplest hydrocarbons, all σ bonds
Acyclic & Cyclic
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1 Carbon: Methane
CH4
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2 Carbons: Ethane
CH3CH3
C2H6
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3 Carbons: Propane
CH3CH2CH3
C3H8
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4 Carbons: Butane
CH3(CH2)2CH3
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Isomers
Constitutional Isomers: Compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms and bonds
Straight-chain
Branched
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4 Carbons: Butane
CH3(CH2)2CH3
C4H10
n-butane
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5 Carbons: Pentane
What other isomers of pentane can you draw?
C5H12
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Alkane Molecular FormulasDo you see a trend? What’s the general formula?
CH4 C2H6 C3H8
C4H10 C5H12
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6 Carbons & UpFormula Name C-atoms
C6H14 6
C7H16 7
C8H18 8
C9H20 9
C10H22 10
More C =More isomers!
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Types of Carbons# other C bonded
“Type” Symbol Name
1 primary 1° methyl
2 secondary 2° methylene
3 tertiary 3° methine
4 quaternary 4° NA
“CH3”
“CH3”
“CH3”“CH2”
“CH”
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Identify the Carbons!
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Cycloalkanes
cyclopropane cyclobutane
cyclopentane cyclohexane
2 less H than acyclic
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Reactions of AlkanesOxidation-Reduction Review
exchange of electrons
oxidation numbers complicated for C!
Oxidation:
Reduction:
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Alkane CombustionCombustion: Burn in the presence of O2
C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O
C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O
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Wrapping Up
Practice naming alkanes
Practice identifying types of carbons
Practice identifying reactions as oxidation and reduction