Alkanes and Their Properties

8/6/2019 Alkanes and Their Properties

1/23

GLHWWKM[KCN OYNHCKG

GOBPOVCJW


2/23

Wdhpfw om Oynhckg Bolfgvlfw

Pyopfyzkfw om oynhckg gobpovcjw hyf yflhzfj zo

zdfky nfobfzy{#

Iocj oyjfy ~kll dflp zo jfzfybkcf nfobfzy{#

Wkcnlf iocj 2 iocj oyjfy om 8

Jovilf iocj2 iocj oyjfy om 9

Zykplf iocj2 iocj oyjfy om 7

Bojflw hyf vwfmvl zo dflp wff zdfwf wdhpfw


3/23

Iocj Lfcnzd hcj Wzyfcnzd

Iocj Lfcnzd

Jkwzhcgf ifz~ffc z~o iocjfj hzobw#

Wkcnlf iocjw 3 jovilf iocjw 3 zykplf iocjw

Iocj Wzyfcnzd

Fcfyn{ cfgfwwhy{ zo iyfhe h gdfbkghl iocj#

Zykplf iocj 3 jovilf iocjw 3 wkcnlf iocjw


4/23

Oynhckg Gobpovcj Whzvyhzfj km kz goczhkcw ocl{ wkcnlf iocjw

Vcwhzvyhzfj" km zdf bolfgvlfw powwfww ocf oy

boyf bvlzkplf ghyioc"ghyioc iocjw#


5/23

MVCGZKOCHL NYOVP

Wzyvgzvyhl mfhzvyfw zdhz bhef kz powwkilf zo

glhwwkm{ gobpovcjw i{ yfhgzk}kz{#

Kw h nyovp om hzobw ~kzdkc h lhynfy bolfgvlf zdhz

dhw h gdhyhgzfykwzkg gdfbkghl ifdh}koy#


6/23

GLHWWKM[KCN OYNHCKG GOBPOVCJW

Glhwwkm{kcn gobpovcjw i{ mvcgzkochl nyovp#

Mvcgzkochl nyovp

Wpfgkmkg gobikchzkoc om hzobw zdhz nk}fw h

eco~c z{pf om ifdh}koy

D{jyoghyiocwG hcj D ocl{

Hlgodolw Y"OD

Hgkjw Y"GOOD

Hbkcfw Y"CD

Efzocfw Y$G2O+Y

Hljfd{jfw Y"GDO

Y,Y 2 hc{ d{jyoghyioc


7/23

HLE[L NYOVP

Hc hle{l nyovp kw hc hlehcf poyzkoc om h

bolfgvlf, ~kzd ocf d{jyonfc hzob yfbo}fj zo

hllo~ iocjkcn zo zdf mvcgzkochl nyovp#

Zdf Y nyovp kw wkbpl{ hc hle{l nyovp#


8/23

HLE[L NYOVPW

Hle{l nyovpw hyf chbfj i{ yfplhgkcn zdf hcf wvmmkt om

zdf hlehcf chbf ~kzd {l# Bfzdhcf ifgobfw bfzd{l5

fzdhcf ifgobfw fzd{l#

GD:, bfzdhcf GD7" , bfzd{l nyovp

GD7" GD7 , fzdhcf GD7"GD9, fzd{l nyovp

GD7"GD9"GD7, pyophcf GD7"GD9"GD9", pyop{l

nyovp


9/23

PD[WKGHL PYOPFYZKFW OMHLEHCF

Wolviklkzkfw

Hlehcfw hyf coc polhy, wo zdf{ jkwwol}f kc cocpolhyoy ~fhel{ polhy oynhckg wol}fczw#

Hlehcfw hyf whkj zo if d{jyopdoikg $~hzfy dhzkcn+ifghvwf zdf{ jo coz jkwwol}f kc ~hzfy#

Zdfky d{jyopdoikg chzvyf bhefw hlehcfw noojlviykghczw hcj pyfwfy}hzk}fw moy bfzhl ifghvwf zdf{effp ~hzfy myob yfhgdkcn zdf bfzhl wvymhgf hcjghvwkcn goyyowkoc#


10/23

PD[WKG

HLP

YOPF

YZKF

W OM

H

LEHCF

Jfcwkzkfw

Hlehcfw dh}f jfcwkzkfw hyovcj 0#> n/bl, gobphyfj

~kzd h jfcwkz{ om 8#0 n/bl moy ~hzfy#


11/23


Ioklkcn Pokczw om Hlehcfw

Zdf ioklkcn pokczw kcgyfhwf wboozdl{ ~kzd

kcgyfhwkcn cvbifyw om ghyioc hzobw hcj kcgyfhwkcn

bolfgvlhy ~fkndzw#

Lhynfy bolfgvlfw dh}f lhynfy wvymhgf hyfh,

yfwvlzkcn kc kcgyfhwfj kczfybolfgvlhy }hc jfy ^hhlw

hzzyhgzkocw#


12/23


Bflzkcn Pokczw om Hlehcfw

Lkef zdf ioklkcn pokczw, zdf bflzkcn pokczw ~kzd

kcgyfhwkcn bolfgvlhy ~fkndz# Hlehcfw ~kzd f}fc

cvbifyw om ghyioc hzobw phge ifzzfy kczo h wolkjwzyvgzvyf, hcj dkndfy zfbpfyhzvyfw hyf cffjfj zo

bflz zdfb#


13/23

PD[WKG

HLP

YOPF

YZKF

W OM

H

LEHCF

Bflzkcn Pokczw om Hlehcfw

Iyhcgdkcn om zdf gdhkc hlwo hmmfgzw hc hlehcfw

bflzkcn pokcz#

H iyhcgdfj hlehcf nfcfyhll{ bflzw dkndfy zdhc

zdf c"hlehcf ~kzd zdf whbf cvbify om ghyioc

hzobw#

Iyhcgdkcn om hc hlehcf nk}fw kz boyf gobphgz

wzyvgzvyf hcj kcgyfhwfw kzw bflzkcn pokcz#


14/23

KVPHG oy W{wzfbhzkg Chbfw

H nyovp om gdfbkwzw jf}kwfj h w{wzfb moy chbkcn

gobpovcjw zdhz ~ovlj if wkbplf zo vwf, yfxvkyf h

bkckbvb om bfboykqhzkoc, hcj {fz if mlftkilf

fcovnd zo chbf f}fc zdf bowz gobplkghzfj oynhckggobpovcjw#

Kczfychzkochl Vckoc om Pvyf hcj Hpplkfj Gdfbkwzy{,

hiiyf}khzfj KVPHG#


15/23

Iyhcgdfj Hle{l Nyovp

Zdf wkbplf iyhcgdfj hle{l nyovpw eco~c i{

gobboc chbfw $f#n# kwopyop{l, kwoivz{l nyovpw+

Zdf chbfw om wfgocjhy{"ivz{l $wfg ivz{l+ hcj

zfyzkhy{ ivz{l $zfyz"ivz{l+ oy z"ivz{l+ nyovp hyf ihwfj

oc zdf jfnyff om hle{l wviwzkzvzkoc om zdf ghyioc

hzob hzzhgdfj zo zdf bhkc gdhkc#


16/23

Kc zdf wfg"ivz{l nyovp, zdf ghyioc hzob iocjfj zo

zdf bhkc gdhkc kw wfgocjhy{ $90+, oy iocjfj zo z~o

ozdfy ghyioc hzobw#

Kc zdf z"ivz{l nyovp, kz kw zfyzkhy{ $70+, oy iocjfj zo

zdyff ozdfy hzobw#

Kc iozd zdf c"ivz{l nyovp hcj zdf kwoivz{l nyovp, zdf

ghyioc hzobw iocjfj zo zdf bhkc gdhkc hyf pykbhy{$80+, iocjfj zo ocl{ ocf ozdfy ghyioc hzob#


17/23

^dfc z~o oy boyf wviwzkzvfczw hyf pyfwfcz,lkwz zdfb kc hlpdhifzkghl oyjfy# ^dfc z~o oy

boyf om zdf whbf hle{l wviwzkzvfczw hyfpyfwfcz, vwf zdf pyfmktfw jk", zyk", zfzyh", hcjwo oc zo h}okj dh}kcn zo chbf zdf hle{lnyovp z~kgf#

jk" bfhcw 9

zyk" bfhcw 7

zfzyh bfhcw :

pfczh" bfhcw 6

dfth" bfhcw =


18/23

YFHGZKOCW OMHLEHCFW

Hlehcfw hyf zdf lfhwz yfhgzk}f glhww oyoynhckg gobpovcjw#

Gobivwzkoc kw h yhpkj otkjhzkoc zdhzzhefw plhgf hz dknd zfbpfyhzvyfw,goc}fyzkcn hlehcfw zo ghyioc jkotkjf

hcj ~hzfy#


19/23

YFHGZKOCW OMHLEHCFW

H# Yfhgzkoc ~kzd Ot{nfc1 GOBIVWZKOC

Fthbplf1

GD: % 9O9 GO9 % 9D9O%989 eghl/bol

Bfzdhcf

GD7GD9GD7 % 6O9 7GO9 % :D9O% 670 eghl/bol

Pyophcf

dfhz

dfhz


20/23

YFHGZKOCW OMHLEHCFW

H# Yfhgzkoc ~kzd Dhlonfc1 DHLONFCHZKOC

Fthbplf1

GD: % Gl9 GD7Gl % DGl

Bfzdhcf Gdloyobfzdhcf $ Bfzd{l gdloykjf+

GD7Gl % Gl9 GD9Gl9 % DGlGdloyobfzdhcf Jkgdloyobfzdhcf

$Bfzd{lfcf gdloykjf+

dfhz

dfhz


21/23

YFHGZKOCW OMHLEHCFW

GD7Gl % Gl9 GD9Gl9 % DGlGdloyobfzdhcf Jkgdloyobfzdhcf

$Bfzd{lfcf gdloykjf+

GD9Gl9 GDGl7 GGl:

Jkgdloyobfzdhcf Zykgdloyobfzdhcf Zfzyhgdloyobfzdhcf

$ Gdloyomoyb+ $ Ghyioc zfzyhgdloykjf+

Gl9

dfhz

Gl9

dfhz


22/23

^f jfyk}f KVPHG chbfw om dhlohlehcfw i{

chbkcn zdf dhlonfc hzob hw h wviwzkzvfcz

$ mlvoyo", gdloyo", iyobo", kojo"+ hcj

hlpdhifzkqkcn kz hlocn ~kzd ozdfy wviwzkzvfczw#


23/23

Gkw"Zyhcw Kwobfykwb kc G{glohlehcfw

Opfc"gdhkc hlehcfw vcjfyno yozhzkocw hiovz

zdfky ghyioc"ghyioc wkcnlf iocjw, hcj zdf{ hyf

myff zo hwwvbf hc{ om hc kcmkckzf cvbify om

gocmoybhzkocw#

H g{glohlehcfw dhw z~o jkwzkcgz mhgfw#

Km z~o wviwzkzvfczw pokcz zo~hyj zdf

whbf mhgf, zdf{ hyf gkw#Km zdf{ pokcz zo~hyj oppowkzf mhgfw zdf{

hyf zyhcw#

Alkanes and Their Properties

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