Alkali Metals

By: Andrea Foster, Blessed Seneh, Damien Fralin

http://www.google.com/imgres?q=alkali+metals&hl=en&safe=active&biw=1280&bih=619&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=fPbR7c2CcvATaM:&imgrefurl=http://electroncafe.wordpress.com/2010/10/21/explosion-friday-alkali-metals/&docid=HEo3ueZAT1uD6M&imgurl=http://electroncafe.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/alkali-metals.jpg&w=564&h=343&ei=HN3DTvP0CMyAsgLYwfySCw&zoom=1

Alkali Metals Group 1 elements of Alkali Metals are:

Symbol Electron Configuration

lithium Li [He]2s1

sodium Na [Ne]3s1

potassium K [Ar]4s1

rubidium Rb [Kr]5s1

cesium Cs [Xe]6s1

francium Fr [Rn]7s1

Lithium

State of matter- Solid

Protons-3

Electrons-3

Neutrons-4

Melting point: 180.54 C

Boiling point: 1342 C

Atomic mass: 6.941

Atomic structure:

Atomic radii: 145

Ionic radii: 2+ ion

Electronegativity: 0.98

Ionization energy: 8.64

Valence electrons: 1

Lewis Structure:

Lithium is a metal and a solid, it turns into a liquid at

453.69 K

Sodium

State of matter: Solid Metal

Protons: 11

Electrons: 11

Neutrons: 12

Atomic mass: 22.989768

Melting point: 97.81 C

Boiling point: 882.9 C

Atomic structure:

Atomic radii: 186 pm

Ionic radii: 2+ ion

Electronegativity: 0.93

Ionization energy: 495.8 kJ mol-1

Valence electrons: 1

Lewis structure:

Solid at room temperature, melts around 157 degrees F.

Flammable and highly reactive.

Potassium

State of matter: Solid metal

Protons:19

Electrons:19

Neutrons:20

Atomic Mass: 39.0983

Melting Point: 63.65 C

Boiling Point: 774.0 C

Atomic Structure:

Atomic Radii: 0.227

Ionic Radii: 0.133

Electronegativity: 0.82

Ionization Energy 1st- 419 kJ mol-1

Valence Electrons: 1

Lewis Structure:

Potassium is solid at room temperature (20

degrees C). It melts (turns to liquid) at 63 degrees

and boils (turns to gas) at 760 degrees.

Rubidium

State of matter: Solid Metal

Protons: 37

Electrons: 37

Neutrons: 48

Atomic mass: 85.4675

Melting Point: 38.89 C

Boiling Point: 688.0 C

Atomic Structure:

Atomic Radii :24

Ionic Radii: (1+ion) 166

Electronegativity: 0.82

Ionization Energy 1st: 403 kJ mol-1

Valence Electrons: 1

Lewis Structure:

Rb•

Rubidium is a solid in room temperature. It melting

point is 39 degrees C. This is a little hotter than 102

degrees F.

Francium

State of matter: solid metal

Protons: 87

Electrons: 87

Neutrons: 136

Atomic Mass: 223.0 amu

Melting Point: 27.0 C

Boiling Point: 677.0 C

Atomic Structure:

Atomic radii: 250 pm

Ionic radii: 194 pm

Electronegativity: 0.7 (Pauling)

Ionization energy 1st: 384 KJ mol -1

Valence electrons: 1

Lewis structure:

Francium is a solid at 22-25 degrees C and turns into a

liquid at 50 degrees C.

Cesium

State of Matter: Solid Metal

Protons: 55

Electrons: 55

Neutrons: 78

Atomic Mass: 132.90546 amu

Melting Point: 28.5 C

Boiling Point: 678.4 C

Atomic Structure:

Atomic Radius: 260 pm

Ionic Radius: 181 pm (1+ion)

Electronegativity: 0.79

Ionization energy: 375.7 kJ mol -1

Valence electrons: 1

Lewis structure: Cesium as one electron on the top of it

Cesium is a metal that turns into a liquid in room temp.

Trends The word “Alkali” comes from comes from the Arabic word

meaning “Ashes”

As we move down the group Lithium from Francium we find the following

trends:

All melting points decrease

The density increases

The atomic radius increases

The ionization energy decreases

All have single electrons in an “s” valence orbital

The alkali metals are very reactive, readily losing 1 electron to form an ion with a 1+ charge.

The alkali metals are found in nature only as compounds. The alkali metals combine directly with most nonmetals:

They react with hydrogen to form solid hydrides:

2M(s) + H2(g) -> 2MH(s)

React with chlorine to form solid chlorides:

2M(s) + Cl2(g) -> 2MCl(s)

React with sulfur to form solid sulfides:

2M(s) + S(s) -> M2S(s)

Alkali metals react with water to produce hydrogen gas and alkali metal

hydroxides (very exothermic)

Credits

www.chemicalelements.com/elements/cs.html

www.chemicol.com/elements/cesium.html

www.webelements.com>caesium

www.google.com/images

www.wiki.answers.com>WikiAnswers>Categori

es>Science