Alicia Castro - argentine-embassy-uk.org€¦ · Alicia Castro: For peace and reconciliation, we...

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PRENSA BRITANICA Artículos y Cartas de Lectores de Alicia Castro

Transcript of Alicia Castro - argentine-embassy-uk.org€¦ · Alicia Castro: For peace and reconciliation, we...

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PRENSA BRITANICA

Artículos y Cartas de

Lectores de

Alicia Castro

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INDICE

1. The Independent, 12 October 2014

Top Gear in Argentina: Jeremy Clarkson tried to portray my fellow countrymen as savages

VERSION ESPAÑOL

"Top Gear en Argentina: Jeremy Clarkson trató de retratar a mis compatriotas como salvajes"

2. The Guardian, 3 March 2014

Britain's new 'governor of the Falkland islands' is a provocation

Colin Roberts, who once referred to Chagos islanders as 'Man Fridays', is not the person to encourage

dialogue between nations

VERSION ESPAÑOL

"YOUR MAN IN THE MALVINAS"

3. The Times, 31 October 2013

Argentina claim

The Argentinian President condemns the junta responsible for the 1982 conflict, and calls for peaceful dialogue

VERSION ESPAÑOL “Reclamo Argentino” La Presidenta Argentina condena a la junta responsable del conflicto de 1982 y hace un llamado pacífico al diálogo.

Versión completa de la carta enviada al diario británico The Times, sin editar.

Artículo del diario The Times “Kirchner’s time runs out as voters call for jobs, not handouts” escrito por

James Hider publicado el 26 de octubre 2013, en inglés y su traducción.

4. The Guardian, 11 March 2013.

The Falklands: a vote with no purpose

Britain is alone in the world if it thinks that the Malvinas referendum will decide this dispute

VERSION ESPAÑOL “Las Malvinas: Un voto sin propósito” Gran Bretaña está sola en el mundo si piensa que el referéndum en Malvinas decidirá esta disputa.

5. The Times, 14 February 2013.

Letters to the Editor: Argentina and the UK have the opportunity to set an example by resolving

the Malvinas Islands question by peaceful means

VERSION ESPAÑOL CARTA DE LECTORES Argentina y el Reino Unido tienen la oportunidad de dar un ejemplo al mundo resolviendo la Cuestión de las Islas Malvinas por medios pacíficos

The Times, 26 January 2013. Argentina’s hypocrites are steeped in blood. Matthew Parris

6. The Daily Telegraph, 13 October 2012.

Letters to the Editor: Argentina’s economy

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The Daily Telegraph, 8 October 2012

Cristina Kirchner 'using Falkland Islands as a smokescreen' to hide failing economy

7. The Independent, 14 June 2012.

Alicia Castro: For peace and reconciliation, we need talks on Las Malvinas.

If the UK wishes for stronger relations, it has to make a political gesture

VERSION ESPAÑOL Alicia Castro: Por la paz y la reconciliación, es necesario hablar sobre Las Malvinas Si el Reino Unido desea fortalecer las relaciones, tiene que hacer un gesto político

8. The Daily Telegraph, 19 April 2012.

Warmongering won’t settle this old dispute

In the 21st century, Britain should rethink its hostile approach towards Argentina.

VERSION ESPAÑOL “ACTITUDES BELICISTAS NO RESOLVERAN ESTA VIEJA DISPUTA” “En el Siglo XXI, Gran Bretaña debería repensar su actitud hostil hacia la Argentina”

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Sunday 12 October 2014 Top Gear in Argentina: Jeremy Clarkson tried to portray my fellow countrymen as savages We eat a lot of beef, but we have never eaten a journalist

In Jeremy Clarkson’s article published by The Sunday Times on 5 October about his attempt to film Top Gear in southern Argentina, he asserted that his life and the lives of his crew were at risk. Media analysts would surely take an interest in studying the way in which this TV presenter constructs a story. To do so he begins by setting himself in the scene of the war that took place 32 years ago, stating: “We knew Ushuaia was the port from which the General Belgrano had sailed on its doomed voyage at the start of the Falklands War...”, recalling the dramatic episode of the ship that was sunk on the orders of Margaret Thatcher, thus triggering a war that should have been avoided. In case anyone should miss his intentions, he ends his article by finding it amusing to repeat The Sun headline “Gotcha” from 1982, which speaks volumes about his particular sense of humour and his political and cultural frames of reference. “The order from London to sink the Belgrano”, The Sunday Times Insight Team remarked in their book The Falklands War published in 1982, “was undoubtedly the most controversial decision of the war” (P.157), one that led to over three hundred deaths. Clarkson arrived in Tierra del Fuego, just 400 miles from the Malvinas Islands, flaunting a car with the number plates “H982 FKL”, evoking the year and the initials of the territory in which the war took place. Subsequently he claimed it was a “mere coincidence” with no intention of provoking a reaction. However, this is not the first occasion on which Clarkson has offended a host country when filming Top Gear in overseas locations, having previously done so in India, South Korea and Mexico. He has been accused and criticised by the public, the broadcasting watchdogs and the press in Britain for his remarks, ranging from racist and homophobic references to simply mocking foreign cultures in a xenophobic fashion. A simple internet search shows over 20 incidents in which Clarkson has offended someone.

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Argentinian ambassador to the UK, Alicia Castro The presenter – in his column entitled “Make no mistake, lives were at risk” – fabricates an exaggerated story. He describes being ambushed by a mob brandishing “pickaxes”. Later, switching narrative style, he recounts another scene: Clarkson claims that a mob was trying to burn the crew’s cars – which I understand did not actually happen – and he goes so far as to affirm that “one said they were going to barbecue us and eat the meat”. Clarkson’s imperialistic imagination is remarkably fertile: Argentina has never practised cannibalism. We do, it is true, eat a lot of beef. But we have never eaten a journalist. When local people spontaneously gather to repudiate Clarkson’s behaviour, the local authorities immediately interceded to guarantee the safety of all members of the British team securing means of transport, seats in a flight to Buenos Aires and a special treatment to cross the border to Chile. As he ends a tale designed to portray Argentines as savages – and without acknowledging the security extended to him by the government of Tierra del Fuego – Clarkson reflects on what might have caused the protests. Jeremy Clarkson's Top 20 Most Obnoxious Lines He reasons that the troubles were in no way linked to his provocative behaviour, but that they were in fact down to other causes: “We were English...”, he concludes. He seemingly overlooks the fact that there are 250,000 British and descendants of British people living happily in Argentina, and enjoying the respect and friendship of Argentine society as a whole. He is apparently unaware of the fact that in the very same Argentine Patagonia, just a few miles from where he was, lives a community of 70,000 Welsh people who speak their own language, retain their identity and whose settlement is set to reach its 150th anniversary, which we shall be celebrating with them next year. He also does not acknowledge that between early this year a BBC Natural History Unit crew was shooting in Patagonia for 12 days about a major fossil discovery and they were very well received by

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the entire local community. His version of events will not succeed in discouraging the thousands of British tourists who come every year to the end of the world to visit Patagonia – from Darwin and Chatwin onwards – and who enjoy both the natural environment and our warm Argentine hospitality. It may be too much to ask of people whose job it is to produce shows, that they refrain from fabricating such a horror story or tale of adventure just to get publicity and increase ratings. But we urge media outlets publishing this story to bear in mind that the long-standing relations and ties of friendship shared between the United Kingdom and Argentina afford us an opportunity to foster a dialogue of mutual respect between our peoples and nations. Argentina, along with the entire international community, is calling for dialogue with the UK in order to resolve the sovereignty dispute over the Malvinas by peaceful and diplomatic means. The conflict in the South Atlantic – and especially the memory of those who lost their lives in the war on both sides – deserve to be treated not with malicious mockery, but with understanding and respect. Alicia Castro is the ambassador of Argentina to the UK http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/jeremy-clarkson-tried-to-portray-my-fellow-argentines-as-savages-9790118.html

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VERSION ESPANOL "Top Gear en Argentina: Jeremy Clarkson trató de retratar a mis compatriotas como salvajes" En el artículo que publicó Jeremy Clarkson en The Sunday Times el 5 de octubre sobre su intento de filmar un episodio del programa Top Gear en el sur de Argentina, aseguró que su vida, y la de los integrantes de su equipo, estuvo en peligro. Los estudiosos de los medios de comunicación seguramente se interesarían en analizar cómo este presentador de TV construye una historia. Para ello, comienza posicionándose en el escenario de la guerra que tuvo lugar hace 32 años y diciendo " Sabíamos que Ushuaia es el puerto del cual el Belgrano navegó hacia su funesto destino al comienzo de la guerra de las Malvinas", rememorando el dramático episodio del buque que fue hundido por orden de Margaret Thatcher, que desencadenó una guerra que debió haberse evitado. En caso de que alguien no advierta sus intenciones, termina su artículo citando el titulo del diario The Sun de 1982 " Gotcha" ("Te agarré "), lo que muestra claramente su particular sentido del humor y sus marcos de referencia políticos y culturales. "La orden de Londres de hundir al Belgrano" remarcó el equipo del Sunday Times en su libro "The Falklands War " (La guerra de Malvinas) publicado en1982, "fue sin dudas la decisión más controvertida de la guerra" (p.157), la que provocó más de trescientas muertes. El Sr. Clarkson llegó a Tierra del Fuego, a tan sólo 600 km de las Islas Malvinas, alardeando con un auto con patente H982 FKL, que recordaba el año y siglas del lugar de la guerra. Más tarde, intentó hacer creer que se trataba de una “mera coincidencia” y que no tenía intención de provocar. Sin embargo, esta no es la primera vez que el Sr. Clarkson ofende al país que lo recibe, habiendo hecho lo mismo en la India, Corea del Sur y México. Ha sido acusado y criticado por el público, los entes reguladores y la prensa de su país por sus dichos, que van desde comentarios racistas y homofóbicos a burlas xenófobas dirigidas a otras culturas. Una simple búsqueda en internet arroja al menos 20 incidentes en los cuales Clarkson ha ofendido a alguien. El animador televisivo, en su nota tiulada "Make no mistake, lives were at risk " (“No se equivoquen, hubo vidas en peligro”) construye un relato desmesurado. Describe haber sido emboscado por una horda armada con “picos”. Más tarde, cambiando de género narrativo, crea otra escena: Clarkson afirma que una multitud intentó quemar los autos de su equipo- lo que no sucedió en realidad- y llega a afirmar que “alguien dijo que iban a asarnos y comernos”. La imaginación colonialista del Sr. Clarkson es muy prolífica: nunca hubo canibalismo en la Argentina. Comemos, eso sí, mucha carne vacuna, pero nunca nos hemos comido a un periodista. Cuando alguna gente de la comunidad local se reunió espontáneamente para repudiar la conducta del Sr. Clarkson, las autoridades locales intercedieron de inmediato para garantizar su seguridad y la de su equipo, proveyendo medios de transporte, plazas en un vuelo a Buenos Aires, y gestiones especiales para facilitar el cruce de la frontera hacia Chile. Al concluir su historia destinada a presentar a los argentinos como salvajes, y sin reconocer la seguridad provista por el gobierno de Tierra del Fuego, Clarkson reflexiona sobre las razones que pueden haber causado las protestas. Razona que los problemas no tuvieron relación alguna con su provocación, sino que, en realidad, se debieron a otras causas: “We were English ...” (“Éramos ingleses…”) concluye. Ignora, por lo visto, que hay 250.000 británicos y descendientes de británicos que viven felizmente en la Argentina y gozan del respeto y la amistad de toda la sociedad. Desconoce que justamente en la Patagonia argentina, a escasos kilómetros de donde él se encontraba, vive una comunidad de 70.000 galeses que hablan su idioma, conservan su identidad y cuyo asentamiento cumple 150 años que celebraremos en conjunto el próximo año. También pretende ignorar que hace pocos meses un equipo de la Unidad de Historia Natural de la BBC estuvo filmando en la Patagonia durante doce días, a propósito de un importante hallazgo fósil y fue muy bien recibido por toda la comunidad local. Su siniestra versión

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de los hechos no llegará a desalentar a los miles de turistas británicos que llegan cada año hasta el fin del mundo para visitar la Patagonia- desde Darwin y Chatwin hasta nuestros días- a disfrutar de nuestra naturaleza y de la típica hospitalidad argentina.

Tal vez sea demasiado pedir a quien se dedica a producir espectáculos, que no fabrique un cuento de terror o una historia de aventuras para hacerse publicidad y ganar rating. Pero apelamos a los medios de comunicación que la difunden, que tengan en cuenta que las históricas relaciones y lazos de amistad entre la Argentina y el Reino Unido nos brindan la oportunidad de promover un diálogo respetuoso entre nuestros pueblos y Naciones. La Argentina reclama diálogo, junto a toda la comunidad internacional, para resolver la controversia de soberanía de las Islas Malvinas por medios pacíficos y diplomáticos. El conflicto en el Atlántico Sur, y en especial, la memoria de los caídos en la guerra, de ambos bandos, no merecen la burla maliciosa sino nuestra consideración y respeto. ALICIA CASTRO EMBAJADORA ARGENTINA ANTE EL REINO UNIDO.

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3 March 2014

Alicia Castro Britain's new 'governor of the Falkland islands' is a provocation Colin Roberts, who once referred to Chagos islanders as 'Man Fridays', is not the person to encourage dialogue between nations

'Nobody doubts the residents of Malvinas are British and can continue to be so, but the territory in which they live is not.' Photograph: Enrique Marcarian/Reuters The British government has appointed Colin Roberts, who was previously director for overseas territories in the Foreign Office, to be the "governor" of the Malvinas, or Falkland, islands. Since their seizure in 1833, the Malvinas islands have been a territory under sovereignty dispute, a pending case for decolonisation. As such, Roberts's appointment represents yet another unilateral act on the part of the United Kingdom that violates its obligation under international law to resolve the dispute over the islands through diplomatic negotiations with Argentina. I once met Roberts at the Foreign Office, and I do not have a fond recollection of our meeting. His conduct towards me, as the ambassador of my country, was akin to that one might expect from an official of the empire, scolding his subjects. This, had it not been offensive, would have been quite simply ridiculous. Yet neither imperial arrogance nor the breaching of international law is anything new. One element that is striking, however, is that the UK, which refuses to resolve the dispute and aims to justify the continued occupation of the islands by invoking the right to self-determination for the current British inhabitants, decided to choose none other than Roberts to "govern" them. The right of self-determination of peoples is not applicable to any or every human community, but only to "peoples". In the case of the inhabitants of the Malvinas, we do not have a separate "people", still less one subjected to colonialism. The British residents of the islands do not have the right to resolve the sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the UK: nobody doubts they are British, and can continue to be so, but the territory in which they live is not. It belongs to Argentina. In contrast, the ones who were denied the right to exercise self-determination were, and are, the inhabitants of Diego García in the Chagos archipelago, in the Indian Ocean. More than 2,000 islanders were expelled by the UK during the late 60s in order to enable a US military base to be established there. Ever since, living in poverty and scattered far and wide across the world, the Chagossians have been claiming their right to return to their territory and their homes. Through cables from the US embassy in London leaked by WikiLeaks, which were published by the Guardian in 2010, we were told that the then director for overseas territories of the FCO, Roberts,

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insisted to the US political counsellor that "establishing a marine park would, in effect, put paid to resettlement claims of the archipelago's former residents", and would thus prevent these Chagossians, these fishermen, from returning to their island. According to the US diplomats, Roberts said that "there will be no human footprints nor Man Fridays [sic] on these uninhabited islands". He used the term "Man Friday" for the Chagossians, which is the pejorative name given to Robinson Crusoe's aboriginal servant. Responding to the concerns of the American diplomat, who warned him that those who support the Chagossians' return would continue to fervently raise media attention over their cause, Roberts attempted to quell any fears by assuring him that "the environmental lobby is much more powerful than the Chagossians' advocates". This is the very same Colin Roberts who is now going to the Malvinas; he who was quoted describing the native Chagos islanders as servants, and who devised a strategy to destroy their livelihood – fishing – so that they might never again return to their island. It is he who the British government has sent to lead a small population who have sought – by casting 1,513 votes in a referendum – to impose by force their will and ambition to maintain their business monopoly. And this has been done against the opinion of millions of people from the world over who, through numerous resolutions from the UN and other international bodies, have called for dialogue between Argentina and the UK to resolve the sovereignty dispute. This modern-day story possesses all the ingredients of a typical 19th-century colonial saga: violence, racial discrimination, double standards, arrogance, manipulation, cynicism and deception. The 21st century demands, along with an end to this British colonial enclave in the south Atlantic, a policy of dialogue and respect between peoples and nations, within a multipolar world that will help promote universal peace. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/03/britain-malvinas-appointment-19th-century-attitudes

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VERSION ESPAÑOL "YOUR MAN IN THE MALVINAS" El gobierno del Reino Unido ha designado como nuevo "Gobernador" de las Islas Malvinas a Colin Roberts, quien se desempeñó como Director de Territorios de Ultramar en el Foreign Office (FCO). Como sabemos, las Islas Malvinas, desde su usurpación en 1833, son un territorio bajo disputa de soberanía, un caso pendiente de descolonización, y, por lo tanto, este nombramiento constituye un nuevo acto unilateral del Reino Unido en abierta violación a la obligación que le impone el derecho internacional de resolver la disputa por vía de la negociación diplomática con Argentina. Conocí a Colin Roberts en las oficinas del FCO y no tengo un recuerdo grato. El trato que me dispensó, siendo Embajadora de mi país, era el del delegado del Imperio sermoneando a sus súbditos, lo cual, de no haber sido ofensivo, hubiese sido simplemente ridículo. Pero ni la violación de las normas del Derecho Internacional ni la arrogancia imperial son una novedad. Lo que sí resulta llamativo es que el Reino Unido, que se niega a resolver la disputa y pretende justificar la continuidad de la usurpación de las Islas en la supuesta aplicación del derecho de libre determinación de los pueblos a los actuales habitantes británicos, elija, precisamente, a Colin Roberts para "gobernar" sus destinos. El derecho a la libre determinación de los pueblos no es aplicable a cualquier comunidad humana, sino sólo a los "pueblos". En el caso de los actuales habitantes de las Malvinas, no estamos en presencia de un pueblo “separado”y menos aún víctima del colonialismo. Los residentes británicos no tienen el derecho de resolver la disputa de soberanía entre Argentina y el Reino Unido: nadie duda que ellos son británicos, y que pueden continuar siéndolo, pero el territorio en el que habitan no lo es. Pertenece a la Argentina. A quienes, en cambio, se los privó del ejercicio del derecho a la libre determinación es a los habitantes nativos de la Isla Diego García en el archipiélago de Chagos, en el Océano Indico. Más de dos mil isleños fueron expulsados a fines de los años 60 por el Reino Unido para instalar una base militar de los Estados Unidos. Desde entonces, los chagosianos, que viven en la pobreza y dispersados en distintas partes del mundo, reclaman su derecho a regresar a su territorio y a sus hogares. A través de cables de la Embajada de Estados Unidos en Londres filtrados por Wikileaks, que fueron reproducidos por The Guardian en 2010, hemos podido conocer que el entonces Director de Territorios de Ultramar del FCO, Colin Roberts, insistió ante el Consejero Político estadounidense en que “la creación de una reserva marina echaría por tierra, en efecto, toda reivindicación de restablecimiento de los antiguos residentes del archipiélago”, impidiendo así que los chagosianos, pescadores, regresaran a su isla. "No habrá huellas humanas o Man Fridays (sic) en las islas deshabitadas", afirmó Roberts según los diplomáticos estadounidenses. Usó para los chagosianos el apelativo "Man Friday", que es el nombre peyorativo del sirviente aborigen de Robison Crusoe. Respondiendo a la inquietud del diplomático estadounidense, quien le advirtió que los que abogan por la reinstalación de los chagosianos en su isla continuarían vigorosamente dando prensa a su caso, Roberts intentó disipar toda preocupación asegurando textualmente que "el lobby ambiental es mucho más poderoso que los abogados chagosianos". Es el mismo Colin Roberts que ahora está yendo a las Malvinas. El que se refiere a los nativos de la Isla de Chagos como sirvientes y fabula una estrategia para abolir su modo de subsistencia -la pesca- para que nunca más puedan regresar a su Isla. El que ahora va, enviado por el Gobierno británico a encabezar una pequeña población de quienes pretenden -a través de una votación de 1513 votos- imponerse por la

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fuerza de sus deseos y la ambición de la exclusividad de sus negocios, contra la opinión de cientos de millones de personas del mundo entero que reclaman, a través de numerosas Resoluciones de Naciones Unidas, un diálogo entre Argentina y el Reino Unido. Esta historia actual tiene todos los ingredientes de los relatos coloniales del siglo XIX: violencia, discriminación racial, dobles estándares, arrogancia, manipulación, cinismo y engaños. El siglo XXI reclama, juntamente con el fin de este enclave colonial británico en el Atlántico Sur, una política de diálogo y respeto entre pueblos y Naciones dentro de un orden multipolar que contribuya a la paz universal. ALICIA CASTRO Embajadora

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31st October Argentina claim The Argentinian President condemns the junta responsible for the 1982 conflict, and calls for peaceful dialogue Sir, You note that since 2003 unemployment in Argentina has fallen sharply from 21 per cent to 7.2 per cent (“Kirchner’s time runs out as voters call for jobs, not handouts”, Oct 26). This reduction, achieved under Presidents Nestor and Cristina Kirchner, is the result of a socially inclusive programme of industrialisation and growth. Yet you also say that “Mrs Kirchner’s sabre-rattling over the Falklands has been largely dismissed by Argentinians as a means of distracting attention from her domestic woes”. Our President condemns the military junta responsible for the 1982 conflict, and calls for peaceful dialogue and negotiation alongside the international community. The British Government, meanwhile, is increasing its military presence in the South Atlantic to deter an invasion that will never happen. By stating that “moderate politicians waiting to succeed her are more likely to co-operate with Britain in developing resources rather than demand their return” you overlook that the Argentine sovereignty claim over the Malvinas is enshrined in our Constitution and recognised by all political parties. Our government proposed to establish regular flights between Buenos Aires and Malvinas and to co-operate on fisheries’ conservation. Since the Malvinas’ inhabitants are British but the territory in which they live is not, there is no doubt that dialogue between Argentina and the UK would improve their quality of life. As you stated (“BP disaster could be drop in ocean compared with spill in Falklands”, April 28, 2012), oil exploitation, among other things, is unfeasible without proper relations with our continent. Alicia Castro Ambassador of Argentina http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/letters/article3908728.ece

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VERSION ESPAÑOL Reclamo Argentino La Presidenta Argentina condena a la junta responsable del conflicto de 1982 y hace un llamado pacífico al diálogo Señor Director, Ud. señala que desde el año 2003 la inflación bajó fuertemente del 21% al 7.2% (“Se le agota el tiempo a Kirchner. Los votantes no quieren dádivas, sino puestos de trabajo”, publicado el 26 de octubre). Este drástico crecimiento del empleo logrado durante los sucesivos gobiernos de Néstor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández de Kirchner es consecuencia de un programa de industrialización y crecimiento económico con inclusión social. Sin embargo, también afirma “El lenguaje confrontativo de Kirchner contra el Reino Unido acerca de las Islas Malvinas ha sido ampliamente criticado por los argentinos como una manera de distraer la atención de la gente de las dificultades domésticas”. Nuestra Presidenta, que rechaza a la junta militar que impulsó el conflicto armado en 1982, hace un llamado pacífico al diálogo y a la negociación acompañada por toda la comunidad internacional, mientras que es el gobierno del Reino Unido quien aumenta la militarización en el Atlántico Sur, para disuadir una invasión que nunca se va a producir. Cuando agrega “es probable que los políticos moderados que esperan sucederla cooperen con el Reino Unido en el desarrollo de los recursos, en vez de exigir que sean devueltas”, ignora que la reivindicación de la soberanía argentina sobre la Islas Malvinas está consagrada en nuestra Constitución Nacional como decisión unánime de todos los partidos políticos argentinos. Nuestro gobierno ofreció realizar vuelos directos desde Buenos Aires a Malvinas y trabajar conjuntamente en materia de conservación de recursos pesqueros. Teniendo en cuenta que los habitantes de las Islas Malvinas son británicos, pero el territorio en el que habitan no lo es, no cabe duda de que una relación de diálogo entre la Argentina y el Reino Unido mejoraría su calidad de vida. Entre otras cosas, como señaló un artículo en la edición del 28 de abril de 2012 del The Times, titulado “El desastre de BP equivaldría a una gota en el océano comparado con un derrame petrolero en las Malvinas”, la explotación hidrocarburífera es inviable sin una relación adecuada con nuestro continente. Alicia Castro Embajadora de la República Argentina ante el Reino Unido

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Versión completa de la carta enviada al diario británico “The Times”, sin editar En su artículo “Se le agota el tiempo a Kirchner. Los votantes no quieren dádivas, sino puestos de trabajo” publicado el 26 de octubre, su corresponsal en Buenos Aires James Hider consigna un dato objetivo de nuestra economía: “7.2% la tasa de desempleo, que bajó de 21% cuando Néstor Kirchner fue elegido en 2003”. Este drástico crecimiento de 14 puntos del empleo logrado durante los sucesivos gobiernos de Néstor Kirchner y de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, es una cifra positiva que muchos gobiernos europeos quisieran alcanzar. Es consecuencia de un programa de industrialización y crecimiento económico con inclusión social, cuya receta está disponible para las economías en crisis del mundo entero. Sin embargo, el cronista afirma “El lenguaje confrontativo de Kirchner contra el Reino Unido acerca de las Islas Malvinas ha sido ampliamente criticado por los argentinos como una manera de distraer la atención de la gente de las dificultades domésticas”. No parece haber advertido que la Presidenta argentina, que rechaza y enjuicia a la junta militar que impulsó el conflicto armado en 1982, hace un llamado pacífico al diálogo y a la negociación acompañada por toda la comunidad internacional, mientras que es el gobierno del Reino Unido quien aumenta la militarización en el Atlántico Sur, para disuadir una invasión que no se va a producir. Cuando el periodista agrega “es probable que los políticos moderados que esperan sucederla cooperen con el Reino Unido en el desarrollo de los recursos, en vez de exigir que sean devueltas”, ignora que la reivindicación de la soberanía argentina sobre la Islas Malvinas está inscripta en nuestra Constitución Nacional como decisión unánime de todos los partidos y dirigentes políticos argentinos. Mi primer acto como Embajadora en el año 2012 fue traer al Reino Unido la oferta de mi gobierno de realizar vuelos directos desde Buenos Aires a Malvinas y trabajar conjuntamente para regular la pesca y evitar la depredación de los recursos. Teniendo en cuenta que los habitantes de las Islas Malvinas son británicos, pero el territorio en el que habitan no lo es, no nos cabe duda de que una relación de diálogo entre la Argentina y el Reino Unido mejoraría la calidad de vida de los isleños. Entre otras cosas, como señaló un artículo en la edición del 28 de abril de 2012 del The Times, titulado “El desastre de BP equivaldría a una gota en el océano comparado con un derrame petrolero en las Malvinas”, la explotación hidrocarburífera es inviable sin una relación adecuada con nuestro continente. Alicia Castro Embajadora de la República Argentina ante el Reino Unido

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October 26 2013 Kirchner’s time runs out as voters call for jobs, not handouts James Hider Buenos Aires The unemployed protesters in the cluster of tents blocking the entrance to the Plaza de Mayo in central Buenos Aires do not want handouts. “The government gives us money, but it’s not money we want,” said Juan Prieto, 20, who camps with 150 other poor residents of the capital. “We want to work.” Mr Prieto is one of the 850,000 unemployed Argentinians — 7 per cent of the workforce — who has turned against President Kirchner. Having promoted Leftist ideology, she has been accused of smothering the poor with cash subsidies to buy votes and failing to stimulate an economy, leading to surging inflation and stagnant growth. She has also alienated overseas investment. Her wooing of the impoverished working class vote will be tested tomorrow during Argentina’s congressional mid-term elections. It is widely expected to confirm what the nation already knows: the era of Cristina Fernandez Kirchner and her late husband, Néstor, is over. Between them they ruled Argentina as President for ten years. Having suffered a humiliating defeat in August’s primaries, Mrs Kirchner — who is recovering from a brain operation — is set to lose control of Congress, ending any hope she had of changing the constitution to allow her a third term. Few international organisations trust the economic data that Buenos Aires publishes. It is estimated that inflation is running at 25 per cent a year, even though the Government insists that the cost of living is rising at half that rate. Hyperinflation has made staple items unaffordable to many. The Government responded by publishing recipes for pasta with a milk-based white sauce, or suggesting that the poor replace tomatoes with carrots in salads. Many believe that the political system as a whole has failed them. Maria, a young businesswoman in Buenos Aires, said: “There’s no real opposition. They’re all Peronistas,” the intellectual heirs of the three-time, left-wing president Juan Peron. “The politicians are all the same and not very honest,” said Irma, 49, a baker who has struggled with widely fluctuating wheat prices. “Lots of businesses in this area are leaving because they can’t make rent. They move from town to town looking for cheaper premises.” Driven more by ideology than economic common sense, Mrs Kirchner has spent her country’s currency reserves, and with it the goodwill of the workers, even though they benefited from subsidies for fuel, increased benefits for parents, pensioners and the homeless. Her popularity rating has plummeted from more than 70 per cent to less than half that. The Government has also blocked the population from accessing dollars, the “safe” currency preferred by Argentinians, leading to a flourishing black market. That, in turn, has brought the property market, which operates almost exclusively in US dollars, to a standstill. Mrs Kirchner’s economic record is not her only problem. This month she had a clot on the brain diagnosed and was ordered to stay in bed for 30 days, with no access to the news, after surgery. The secrecy surrounding her health has led to rumours of a stress-related collapse. Officials said she hit her head in a fall after the disastrous election results in August. Amado Boudou, the Vice-President, has been so tarnished by financial scandal that he has all but vanished from the scene.

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Mrs Kirchner’s sabre-rattling against Britain over the Falklands has been largely dismissed by Argentinians as a means of distracting attention from her domestic woes. While the constitution states that the islands belong to Argentina, moderate politicians waiting to succeed her are more likely to co-operate with Britain in developing resources rather than demand their return. When she returns to work, Mrs Kirchner will find Sergio Massa, her former Cabinet Secretary, as the most likely victor in tomorrow’s elections. She still has two years left in office, albeit as a lame-duck president. “Next Monday, we start a critical transition period,” Ricardo Delgado, an economic analyst who works with Mr Massa, said. That transition could lead Argentina, finally, to some normality. Running on empty 10.6% Official rate of inflation; economists put the true rate as high as 24% 7.2% Unemployment rate, down from 21% when Nestor Kirchner was elected in in 2003 41m Population of Argentina 5.8 pesos/$ Official exchange rate; the black market rate is 10 pesos per dollar http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/americas/article3904979.ece

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Traducción del artículo del “The Times”, publicado el 26 de octubre 2013

Se le agota el tiempo a Kirchner. Los votantes no quieren dádivas, sino puestos de trabajo. James Hider, Buenos Aires Los manifestantes desempleados que bloquean con sus carpas la entrada de la Plaza de Mayo en Buenos Aires no quieren limosna. “El gobierno nos da dinero, pero no es dinero lo que queremos,” afirmó Juan Prieto (20 años), que acampa junto con 150 residentes pobres de la capital. “Queremos trabajar.” Prieto es uno de los 850.000 argentinos desempleados -7 por ciento de la fuerza de trabajo- que se ha vuelto en contra de la Presidenta Kirchner. Habiendo promovido una ideología izquierdista, se la ha acusado de contener a los pobres a través de subsidios para comprar votos, y de no estimular la economía, llevando a una creciente inflación y estancamiento económico. También ha desalentado la inversión extranjera. En las elecciones legislativas de mañana se podrá comprobar si sus tentativas de atraer a la empobrecida clase trabajadora han surtido efecto. Se espera que los resultados confirmen lo que el país ya sabe: la era de Cristina Fernández Kirchner y su difunto marido, Néstor, que juntos gobernaron el país durante diez años, ha llegado a su fin. Después de la derrota humillante en las primarias de agosto, la Sra. Kirchner — que se está recuperando de una cirugía cerebral — está a punto de perder el control del Congreso, lo cual pondría fin a cualquier esperanza de modificar la Constitución para permitirle un tercer mandato. Son pocas las organizaciones internacionales que confían en los datos económicos publicados por el gobierno. Se calcula que la tasa de inflación es del 25 por ciento anual, a pesar de que el gobierno insiste en que el costo de vida crece a la mitad de esa cifra. Como consecuencia de la hiperinflación, el precio de los alimentos básicos se ha vuelto prohibitivo para muchos. Ante esta situación, el gobierno publicó recetas para hacer pasta con una salsa blanca a base de leche, y aconsejó a los pobres que remplazaran los tomates de la ensalada con zanahorias. Muchos creen que todo el sistema político les ha fallado. María, una joven empresaria de Buenos Aires, dijo: “No hay una verdadera oposición. Son todos peronistas,” los herederos intelectuales de Juan Perón, el tres veces presidente de izquierda. “Los políticos son todos iguales y no muy honestos,” afirmó Irma (49 años), una panadera que ha tenido dificultades con la volatilidad de los precios del trigo. “Hay muchos negocios acá que se tienen que mudar porque no alcanzan a pagar el alquiler. Van de pueblo en pueblo, buscando el lugar más barato donde poner su negocio.” Motivada más por ideología que por sentido común económico, la Sra. Kirchner ha gastado las reservas del país, y con ello, la buena voluntad de los trabajadores, aun cuando se han visto beneficiados por los subsidios a la energía, a las familias, a los jubilados y a las personas sin hogar. Su índice de popularidad ha caído de más del 70 por ciento a menos de la mitad de esa cifra. El gobierno ha impedido el acceso de los ciudadanos al dólar, la moneda “segura”, preferida por los argentinos, lo cual ha traído como consecuencia un próspero mercado negro. Esto, a su vez, ha parado casi completamente el mercado inmobiliario, que depende del dólar.

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El desempeño económico de la Sra. Kirchner no es el único problema. Este mes le diagnosticaron un coágulo en el cerebro y los médicos le indicaron hacer reposo por 30 días, sin acceso a noticias. El secreto acerca de su estado de salud ha generado rumores sobre un supuesto colapso provocado por estrés. Funcionarios de gobierno han afirmado que se golpeó la cabeza como consecuencia de una caída luego de los desastrosos resultados electorales de agosto. El Vice-Presidente, Amado Boudou, salpicado por escándalos financieros, ha permanecido fuera de escena. El lenguaje confrontativo de Kirchner contra el Reino Unido acerca de las Islas Malvinas ha sido ampliamente criticado por los argentinos como una manera de distraer la atención de la gente de las dificultades domésticas. Aunque la Constitución declara que las islas pertenecen a Argentina, es probable que los políticos moderados que esperan sucederla cooperen con el Reino Unido en el desarrollo de los recursos, en vez de exigir que sean devueltas. Una vez que vuelva al trabajo, la Sra. Kirchner se encontrará con que Sergio Massa, su anterior Jefe de Gabinete, habrá sido el ganador en las elecciones de mañana. Todavía le quedan dos años de mandato, aunque será una Presidenta debilitada. “El lunes que viene, empezamos un período de transición de suma importancia,” afirmó Ricardo Delgado, analista económico que trabaja con Massa. Dicha transición podría, por fin, llevar un poco de normalidad a la Argentina. Agotando los recursos 10.6%: La tasa oficial de inflación; los economistas consideran que la cifra real podría ser de hasta 24%. 7.2%: La tasa de desempleo, que bajó de 21% cuando Néstor Kirchner fue elegido en 2003. 41 millones: La población de Argentina. 5,8 pesos por dólar: La tasa de cambio oficial; la del mercado negro es de 10 pesos por dólar. http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/americas/article3904979.ece

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11 March 2013 The Falklands: a vote with no purpose Britain is alone in the world if it thinks that the Malvinas referendum will decide this dispute

Alicia Castro

Gustavo Jimenez, an Argentinian veteran of the Falklands war, watches as Falklanders line up to cast their votes at the town hall polling station in Stanley on 10 March. Photograph: Marcos Brindicci/REUTERS

The population of the Falkland Islands has been going to the polls in a referendum on whether to remain a British overseas territory. Hopes for a surprise result should be tempered: it is likely that the 1,600 British citizens will vote for the status quo. But whatever the outcome, it is clear this referendum will not end the dispute. The dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom over the sovereignty of the Falklands/Malvinas will remain as unresolved as it has been ever since a Royal Navy warship took by force the islands 180 years ago . It's important to note that the referendum will have no real effect from the perspective of international law: unlike other cases of decolonisation, it was never called for nor supervised by the United Nations. Only British citizens participate in elections on the Malvinas Islands, and only British citizens will participate in this referendum. It is a referendum organised by British people, for British people, with the purpose of asserting that the territory has to be British. In case any locals still hadn't made up their minds by the weekend, local news outlets ran last-minute stories warning that any share of the no vote will "strengthen the Argentinian position". But what is the Argentinian position? To call for dialogue. This call is consistent with United Nations resolutions, which define the Malvinas/Falkland question as a "special colonial situation" involving a sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the United Kingdom that must be settled through negotiations between both parties, taking into consideration the interests of the inhabitants of the islands. The British inhabitants of the Malvinas unquestionably enjoy civil and political rights, but they do not have the right to decide this dispute.

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We want to make it clear that we are wholly and unconditionally committed to respecting the identity and way of life of the inhabitants of the Malvinas, as we do with the 250,000 British descendants living in mainland Argentina. They are British, but the territory where they live belongs to Argentina. Argentina is not in a minority in this view. All countries in the region recognise the Malvinas as an integral part of Argentinian national territory and strongly reject the existence of a colonial enclave. Likewise, the region rejects unilateral British activities exploring and exploiting natural resources on the Argentinian continental shelf, as well as the British military presence. The UK has to realise that the world has changed. All through Latin America there are well established democratic governments that act in unison. We are a community and a market of 600 million people with some of the world's fastest growing economies, while much of Europe is in economic stagnation. It simply isn't in Britain's interest to be seen as intransigent, and to alienate itself from this increasingly powerful and dynamic economic bloc. Many international bodies, including the UN, have called for dialogue or ended up siding with my country on the Malvinas situation: recently 54 African countries recognised the case for Argentinian sovereignty over the islands at a summit in Equatorial Guinea. The UK, by contrast, is isolated. There is no support in the world for its refusal to engage in dialogue. The UK and Argentina have a historic opportunity to set an example to the world by resolving this dispute by peaceful and diplomatic means, as called for by as many as 40 UN resolutions since 1965. What we seek is simple: a dialogue of two sovereign states. Above all, we have a responsibility not to leave this conflict unresolved for future generations. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/mar/11/falklands-vote-no-purpose-referendum-malvinas

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VERSION ESPAÑOL “Las Malvinas: Un voto sin propósito” Gran Bretaña está sola en el mundo si piensa que el referéndum en Malvinas decidirá esta disputa. Desde ayer, los habitantes de las Islas Malvinas acuden a las urnas en un referendum para pronunciarse sobre si seguir siendo un territorio británico de ultramar. No deberíamos tener expectativas de un resultado sorpresa: es probable que los 1.600 ciudadanos británicos voten por el status quo. Pero cualquiera sea el resultado, está claro que este referendum no pondrá fin a la disputa. La disputa entre Argentina y el Reino Unido sobre la soberanía de las Malvinas/Falklands continuará sin resolverse, como lo ha estado desde el momento en que un buque de guerra de la Armada británica usurpó las islas hace 180 años. Es importante destacar que el referendum no tiene efecto alguno desde el punto de vista del derecho internacional: a diferencia de otros casos de descolonización, este referendum no fue convocado ni supervisado por las Naciones Unidas. Solamente los ciudadanos británicos participan en las elecciones que se realizan en las islas y solamente los ciudadanos británicos participan en el referendum. Es un referendum organizado por británicos, para británicos y con el fin de que afirmen que el territorio tiene que ser británico. Por si alguno de los habitantes se mantenía indeciso hasta el fin de semana, las noticias locales de última hora decían que cualquier voto negativo “fortalecería la posición argentina”. ¿Pero cuál es la posición argentina? Llamar al diálogo. Este llamamiento es consistente con las resoluciones de las Naciones Unidas, que definen la Cuestión de las Malvinas/Falkland como un “caso colonial especial” que involucra una disputa de soberanía entre la Argentina y el Reino Unido, la cual debe ser resuelta mediante negociaciones entre las dos partes, teniendo en cuenta los intereses de los habitantes de las islas. Los habitantes británicos gozan indiscutiblemente de derechos civiles y políticos, pero no tienen el derecho de decidir esta disputa. Queremos dejar en claro que estamos completa e incondicionalmente comprometidos a respetar la identidad y el estilo de vida de los habitantes de las Malvinas, como lo hacemos con los 250.000 descendientes británicos que viven en Argentina continental. Son británicos, pero el territorio en el que viven pertenece a Argentina. Argentina no es la única con esta opinión. Todos los países de la región reconocen a las Malvinas como parte integrante del territorio nacional argentino y rechazan fuertemente la existencia de un enclave colonial. Asimismo, la región rechaza las actividades unilaterales británicas de exploración y explotación de recursos naturales en la plataforma continental argentina, así como la presencia militar británica. El Reino Unido tiene que darse cuenta de que el mundo ha cambiado. En toda América Latina hay gobiernos democráticos firmemente establecidos que actúan unidos. Somos una comunidad y un mercado de 600 millones de personas con algunas de las economías de mayor crecimiento en el mundo, mientras que gran parte de Europa se encuentra en un estancamiento económico. Mostrarse intransigente y apartarse de este cada vez más fuerte y dinámico bloque económico simplemente no favorece los intereses de Gran Bretaña. Muchos organismos internacionales, incluida la ONU, han llamado al diálogo o se han manifestado a favor de mi país sobre la situación de las Malvinas: recientemente, los 54 países africanos reconocieron la soberanía argentina sobre las islas en una cumbre en Guinea Ecuatorial. El Reino Unido, en cambio, se encuentra aislado. No tiene apoyo alrededor del mundo para su rechazo a dialogar. El Reino Unido y la

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República Argentina tienen la oportunidad histórica de dar un ejemplo al mundo solucionando esta disputa por medios pacíficos y diplomáticos, como lo requieren las 40 resoluciones de las Naciones Unidas desde 1965. Lo que buscamos es simple: diálogo entre dos estados soberanos. Por encima de todo, tenemos la responsabilidad de no dejar esta controversia sin resolver a las futuras generaciones.

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Argentine response 14 February 2013 Argentina and the UK have the opportunity to set an example by resolving the Malvinas Islands question by peaceful means Sir, I read Matthew Parris’s piece on Argentina (“Argentina’s hypocrites are steeped in blood”, Jan 26) with a growing sense of astonishment. Just under three years ago Mr Parris argued that Britain should resume negotiations with Argentina over the Malvinas/Falklands Islands. He wrote: “We should do a deal with Argentina now to lease back the islands over 99 years and split the economic spoils.” Now Mr Parris mounts an extraordinary attack on Argentina, its people and its President. He has apparently only just discovered that the way we treated the indigenous people of Argentina was abominable. This lies at the heart of his change of heart: the “genocide” of Argentina’s indigenous people leaving a country where the “overwhelming majority of the population are white, or almost white”. This is followed up by a number of racial statistics comparing Argentina’s population make-up with that of other Latin American countries. We can all trade statistics. Here is one: after a recent research, Argentina has more inhabitants who consider themselves of indigenous descent than, for instance, Brazil. This is not to say we do not acknowledge the wrong done to Indians in our past. We do. In schools and universities up and down the country we condemn the extermination, removal and abuse of indigenous peoples. A vast body of legislation now ensures the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples in Argentina. Parris says that Argentina does not have the right to dialogue and negotiation because it is doomed by its past. This would be like asserting that the UK cannot advocate democracy and the upholding of human rights in the world because it used concentration camps in the Boer War, or perpetrated the massacre of Africans in the Mau Mau uprising. Argentina has moved on, and now requests dialogue and negotiation. Our President, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, has clearly rejected the war and has severely condemned the authors of state terrorism, the cruel military dictatorship that killed 30,000 Argentines and led the country to war in the South Atlantic. Argentina and the UK have the opportunity to set an example to the world by resolving the question of the Malvinas Islands by peaceful and diplomatic means. Alicia Castro Ambassador of Argentina http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/matthewparris/article3669011.ece

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VERSION ESPAÑOL CARTA DE LECTORES Argentina y el Reino Unido tienen la oportunidad de dar un ejemplo al mundo resolviendo la Cuestión de las Islas Malvinas por medios pacíficos Leí el artículo de Matthew Parris sobre Argentina (The Times, 26 enero 2013 titulado “Argentina's hypocrites are steeped in blood) con creciente asombro. Hace menos de tres años el Sr. Parris argumentaba que el Reino Unido debería reanudar negociaciones con la Argentina sobre las Islas Malvinas. Parris escribió que “debemos llegar a un acuerdo con Argentina ahora para lograr un arriendo de las Islas por 99 años y repartir sus costos económicos" (The Times, 27 febrero 2010). Ahora, el Sr. Parris realiza un extraordinario ataque a la Argentina, a su pueblo y a su Presidenta. Aparentemente Parris acaba de descubrir que el modo en que hemos tratado a nuestros pueblos originarios ha sido aberrante. Su cambio de opinión radica en la idea de que el “genocidio” de la población indígena de la Argentina dejó un país en el que “la inmensa mayoría de la población es blanca, o casi blanca”. Sigue a continuación de esta idea un número de estadísticas raciales que comparan la composición de la población de la Argentina con la de otros países latinoamericanos. Todos podemos intercambiar estadísticas. He aquí una: según una investigación reciente, la Argentina tiene más habitantes que se consideran a sí mismos de ascendencia indígena que, por ejemplo, Brasil. Esto no quiere decir que no reconocemos el daño causado a los aborígenes en el pasado. Ciertamente lo reconocemos. En los colegios y universidades a lo largo y lo ancho del país condenamos el exterminio, la remoción y el abuso de los pueblos indígenas. Un vasto cuerpo de legislación hoy garantiza la protección de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas en la República Argentina. Parris dice que Argentina no tiene el derecho al diálogo y la negociación porque está condenada por su pasado. Esto equivaldría a afirmar que el Reino Unido no puede abogar por la democracia y la defensa de los derechos humanos en el mundo porque usó campos de concentración en la guerra de los Boer, o por haber perpetrado una masacre contra los Mau Mau en Africa. La Argentina que hoy reclama el diálogo y la negociación ha progresado. Nuestra Presidenta, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, ha rechazado con total firmeza la guerra y ha condenado duramente a los autores de terrorismo de Estado, la cruel dictadura militar que asesinó a 30.000 argentinos y llevó al país a la guerra en el Atlántico Sur. Argentina y el Reino Unido tienen la oportunidad de dar un ejemplo al mundo resolviendo la Cuestión de las Islas Malvinas de una manera pacífica y por medios diplomáticos. Alicia Castro Embajadora Argentina en el Reino Unido

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26 January 2013 Argentina’s hypocrites are steeped in blood Matthew Parris

The Falkands was just a pantomime skirmish. But the wiping out of the country’s native peoples was genocide Where have all the South American Indians gone? The question should haunt any traveller to Argentina, the second largest (and third most populous) country on the South American continent. You could enter from next-door Paraguay, for instance, where Spanish settlers intermarried with the native Guarani inhabitants to produce a thoroughly mixed-race nation whose second language is Guarani. Or you could arrive from Bolivia, where some 60 per cent of the population are indigenous, millions of them pretty much full-blooded, and whose president is himself of Aymara Indian stock. In Peru, too, a huge indigenous population plays a central part in the country’s rural and urban economy, and cultural life. But there’s something ghostly about Argentina. The overwhelming majority of the population are white, or almost white. Ghostly in another sense too, because sometimes in the street you’ll spot a distinctively bridged nose, unusual cheekbones or the impenetrably dark eyes that betray a dash of native blood. Perhaps this is a migrant from Bolivia, or a Mapuche Indian from Chile; or perhaps — like a ghost walking among his assassins, like a race within a race — this is a death’s-head reminder, a throwback: the hint of a descent from a people who have been wiped from history. Because “wiped from history” is the only phrase for it. The European settlers who now populate Argentina — Italian, Spanish, German, Welsh — are the relatively recent inheritors of colonisers who quite simply exterminated the peoples whose land this was. And take note, anyone tempted to mutter “Ah, but the 16th and 17th centuries were a more brutal age”: the Argentine campaign to erase the indigenous population was Argentine, not Spanish, for it was substantially a 19th-century crime against humanity in a country whose war of independence began in 1810. It makes the blood boil to hear the current President of Argentina, in her recent letter to David Cameron, describe a pantomime skirmish involving a handful of people (most of whom stayed put anyway and kept their property) on some windswept islands far out into the ocean as having “forcibly stripped” her countrymen of their rightful land; and as being “a blatant exercise of 19th-century colonialism”. The hypocrisy! Colonialism? And this from a country that was the Rhodesia of the New World. Forcibly stripped? If Britain forcibly stripped Argentina of the Falkland Islands, what does Cristina Fernández de Kirchner think the nation she leads did on the mainland? What words would she find for the cold-blooded and systematic destruction and total dispossession of Argentina’s original population by the European invaders whose descendants’ votes she now seeks? The present population of Argentina are the beneficiaries not just of occupation by force of arms, but of an odious, merciless, calculated genocide stretching over centuries.

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In no way is Argentina solely responsible for this genocide. The Spanish Empire made a pretty vigorous start. And in no way is the former Spanish Empire the only imperial power to have stolen land, nor its modern successors the only former colonials to have persecuted those they stole it from. Britain, France, the Netherlands and Portugal must feature, too, on that list. But Argentina, especially because the new country actually intensified the genocide after the expulsion of the imperial power, has been among the most cruelly clinical “cleansers” of its original inhabitants in all of Latin America. And Mrs Kirchner has the impertinence to use the term “colonialist” of us British. Who are the colonials here, if not her own electorate? Because its early governments took the precaution of exterminating rather than simply oppressing the native population, Argentina appears to have escaped the attention of successive UN committees on decolonisation. In the Falklands we at least have living inhabitants to vote for British rule. The dead Indians of Argentina are silent. I’ll let General Julio Argentino Roca, President of Argentina twice near the end of the 19th century, who only died (a hero) in 1914, speak for himself. “Our self-respect as a virile people obliges us to put down as soon as possible, by reason or by force, this handful of savages who destroy our wealth and prevent us from definitely occupying, in the name of law, progress and our own security, the richest and most fertile lands of the Republic.” “This handful of savages” included almost the entire indigenous population of Patagonia. By the end of Roca’s 1884 military campaign, more than 1,300 of what were hitherto Patagonia’s only inhabitants, predominantly people of the Mapuche and Tehuelche tribes, were dead. Many thousands more were captured to become servants, slaves or prisoners. They were stopped from “breeding”. Earlier (by the end of 1878) a series of systematic attacks had emptied the region between the Alsina trench and the Negro river, with 400 natives dead and 4,000 captured. In 1879 a further 1,313 had been killed, and more than 15,000 captured. The final campaign pushed the indigenous tribes farther south, their last stand — of 3,000 tribesmen — surrendering at the end of 1884. For more than a century after that Roca was hailed as a visionary statesman and brave patriot. There are statues of him everywhere. In very recent years, however, a growing number of Argentinians have been lobbying for Roca’s image to be removed from the Argentine currency. Elements among Mrs Kirchner’s supporters have been good enough to rename two “Julio Argentino Roca” avenues after her late husband, Néstor Kirchner. But Argentina has a long, long way to go in the public questioning of its colonial legacy. Much Argentine anthropology, describing the original peoples of the region, dances around the disappearance of its subject. The last to go were the Selk’nam people of Tierra del Fuego. Late 19th-century gold and ranching prospectors launched a campaign to eliminate them completely. By 1896 some 3,000 Selk’nams remained, but by 1945 there were only 25 alive. The last full-blooded Selk’nam died in 1974. Today, only 1.6 per cent of Argentina’s 40 million inhabitants are directly descended from or call themselves indigenous. Waiting at Buenos Aires international airport on Monday I studied the model of a simple memorial that Argentina, with the Falkland islanders’ permission, has erected on the islands: a memorial to their dead in the armed conflict with us British. It was impossible not to be moved; to think of all those young men, snuffed out in a stupid conflict they should never have been led into. But I asked myself: where in this airport is there so much as a nod of the head to a whole race, to many tribes, to unnumbered hundreds of thousands of people whose place in the Universe has simply been stolen for eternity? Who mourns, who remembers them? There was nothing funny about the Falklands war: as an MP at the time I do know that; nothing funny for the dead and the bereaved in Britain and in Argentina. But I say nevertheless, though I know the words could be twisted, that the Falklands war was a farce. What has happened to the indigenous people of Argentina is a tragedy. http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/opinion/columnists/matthewparris/article3669011.ece

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13 October 2012

Letters to the Editor Argentina’s economy SIR – You report (October 8) that President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner is “using the Falklands Islands as a smokescreen” to hide revolt over Argentina’s “ailing” economy. The article criticises her economic measures and oil policy, as well as the strategic alliance with Hugo Chávez. On telegraph.co.uk the day before, in the article entitled “Debt Crisis: Spain’s jobless flee to Argentina” you report that more than 65,000 Spaniards have emigrated to Argentina since 2008. Argentina does not apply cuts to health or education. Such austerity policies are precisely the source of public outrage that inspire the “Occupy” movement in European and North American cities. The Argentine economy is not subject to IMF regulations, which have failed. The suggestion that we are “using” the Malvinas/Falklands issue as a smokescreen is insulting to Argentina and all countries in the region that reject a colonial enclave in the south of our continent. The goal to solve the controversy peacefully is supported by the international community. Alicia Castro Argentine Ambassador to Britain London W1 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/letters/9605160/The-badger-cull-should-be-suspended-and-vaccination-used-more-widely.html

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08 October 2012 Cristina Kirchner 'using Falkland Islands as a smokescreen' to hide failing economy Cristina Kirchner is facing revolt over an ailing Argentine economy, as her approval rating hits a record low and aides admit she is using the Falkland Islands as a smokescreen to mask domestic failings.

President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner Photo: Reuters By Jonathan Gilbert in Buenos Aires The streets of Buenos Aires have been crammed with up to 200,000 people in recent marches against the Argentine president, deploring inflation, insecurity and alleged corruption. The economy has slowed dramatically. Growth was more than eight per cent in 2011 but is projected at 3.4 per cent this year. Independent analysts, who say the government manipulates data, predict it will be as low as 1.5 per cent. Protectionist measures, including restrictions on purchasing dollars, have alienated the middle class while soaring public spending, much of which finances welfare schemes for the poor, has led to unofficial inflation of 24 per cent – the highest in South America. The government's statistics agency, however, says the rate is 10 per cent and researchers who publish higher figures are reprimanded. Marina Dal Poggetto, an economist whose Buenos Aires consultancy was fined $130,000 (£81,000), branded Kirchner a "populist" whose management of the economy is "short-sighted". Christine Lagarde, head of the IMF, has stepped in by threatening Argentina with the "red card" if it does not improve the reliability of its data within 90 days.

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"Argentina isn't a football team but a sovereign nation," retorted Mrs Kirchner, who has revelled in confrontation both at home with key figures in her Peronist movement and internationally with the UK over the Falklands. A source close to the president conceded Mrs Kirchner knows her verbal attacks over the British-controlled territory – the latest of which came at the UN last month – are futile, but help to hide headlines over the country's faltering economy. "She just wants to ruffle a few feathers," the source said. Ruffling feathers to spark nationalist pride is a method not unfamiliar to Mrs Kirchner. Earlier this year she expropriated Argentina's biggest oil company, YPF, by emergency decree from Repsol, the Spanish energy firm. "YPF is ours; it's Argentine," read triumphant posters plastered throughout Buenos Aires. But the government is still refusing to pay the $10 billion in compensation demanded by Repsol, destroying relations with Spain. Instead Mrs Kirchner struck a strategic alliance with Hugo Chávez, the socialist authoritarian she refers to as a "friend", which will see Venezuela's state oil company explore YPF's vast shale reserves in Patagonia. But together with a string of domestic problems, interventionism has diminished Mrs Kirchner's popularity. She was re-elected a year ago in a landslide victory, but her approval rating has since plummeted 40 points to just 24 per cent, according to a recent poll. Rising street crime is Argentines' biggest concern. The government has not released insecurity figures since 2008, but a recent survey by the Organization of American States says there are 973 thefts per 100,000 people, more than twice the continental average. Those who rallied in Buenos Aires also condemned alleged government corruption. Vice-President Amado Boudou is charged with influence peddling and embezzlement. But rather than take action against him, Kirchnerism's response was to expropriate the printing house at the heart of the accusations. Critics berate populist policies, including 'Football for Everyone', the transmission of domestic football matches on state television, which has cost the government nearly $1 billion since 2009. They also accuse Mrs Kirchner of authoritarianism. She does not give press conferences, but speaks frequently in nationwide TV and radio broadcasts supposed to be reserved for "exceptional situations". The government has even hosted debates on constitutional reform, which could remove presidential term limits, as Mr Chávez achieved in 2009, and allow Mrs Kirchner to run again in 2015. For a reform to pass, she would need to secure two thirds of Congress in next year's midterm elections. And since polls show a brief surge in popularity whenever Mrs Kirchner engages her effusive rhetoric over the Falklands, she will likely resort again to such a tactic. "The islands are being used for political ends," Mario Menéndez, the general who led Argentine troops during the Falklands War, told The Daily Telegraph. Many Argentines agree. Reflecting a common attitude while marching toward the presidential palace, one protester said: "Who cares about the Falklands? We need Kirchner to sort out Argentina." http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/9592424/Cristina-Kirchner-using-Falkland-Islands-as-a-smokescreen-to-hide-failing-economy.html

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14 June 2012 Alicia Castro: For peace and reconciliation, we need talks on Las Malvinas If the UK wishes for stronger relations, it has to make a political gesture Today marks the 30th anniversary of the end of the war in the South Atlantic, but the sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the UK goes back 179 years. It dates from the time that Great Britain – in much the same way it invaded Buenos Aires in 1806 and 1807 without success – invaded and took the Malvinas by force in 1833. In this lengthy historical process, the events of 1982 are the most regrettable. The military junta that ruled Argentina at the time abandoned negotiations and started a war as a vile attempt to win people's favour and cling to power. Nowadays, a democratic Argentina repudiates the war and prosecutes those responsible for the crimes committed. Today, our President attends the meeting of the UN Decolonisation Committee, the body that specifically deals with 16 pending colonial situations, including the "Malvinas/Falkland Question". The international community – through the UN and other multilateral fora – has urged both countries to resume negotiations. So this is what my country asks: that the UK enters into negotiations with us over the future of the islands. Britain's excuses for not negotiating are unfounded. They cannot hide behind the so-called self-determination of the islanders when no UN resolution has recognised such a right, unlike cases in which the principle is applicable in the context of decolonisation. This is a special case that involves a colonial territory, not a colonised population; its inhabitants are not the original people of the islands. It is a population installed by Britain after 1833. There are only 1,339 inhabitants who were born in the islands. And more than 1,500 soldiers. Is it rational that the "wishes" of this population obstruct the relations and understanding between two countries and two regions? We are committed to respecting the islanders' interests and way of life. They are British and proud to be so; we respect their Britishness and identity. We are willing to offer safeguards to preserve their way of life. It is in their own interest to improve links with mainland Argentina. Geography and common sense dictate the need for negotiation. Latin America has expressed as a single voice in support of Argentina's claim. If the UK wishes to build a stronger relation with our region, it has to make a political gesture and listen to the calls for negotiation by the international community. The trauma left by the conflict on both countries requires a solution by a genuine reconciliation. The only victory that can ever be celebrated will be that on the day when our respective nations sit down at the negotiation table to the benefit of peoples of both parties. War should not be celebrated. The only way of honouring the fallen from both sides is to strive for peace and reconciliation. Alicia Castro is Argentinian Ambassador to the UK http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/alicia-castro-for-peace-and-reconciliation-we-need-talks-on-las-malvinas-7848760.html

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VERSION ESPAÑOL Alicia Castro: Por la paz y la reconciliación, es necesario hablar sobre Las Malvinas Si el Reino Unido desea fortalecer las relaciones, tiene que hacer un gesto político Hoy se cumplen 30 años del fin de la guerra en el Atlántico Sur, pero la disputa de soberanía entre la Argentina y el Reino Unido se remonta a 179 años atrás. Viene de la época en que Gran Bretaña -de la misma manera que invadió sin éxito Buenos Aires en 1806 y 1807- invadió y tomó las Malvinas por la fuerza en 1833. En este largo devenir histórico, la guerra de 1982 fue un episodio, sin duda el más lamentable. La junta militar que gobernaba de facto la Argentina abandonó las negociaciones en curso e inició una guerra, en el intento vil de ganarse el afecto del pueblo y perpetuarse en el poder. Hoy, la Argentina en democracia repudia la guerra y juzga a los responsables por los crímenes cometidos Hoy nuestra Presidenta asiste a la reunión del Comité de Descolonización de las Naciones Unidas, el organismo que se ocupa específicamente de las 16 situaciones coloniales pendientes de resolución, entre ellas la llamada “Cuestión Malvinas / Falkland". La comunidad internacional -a través de las Naciones Unidas y otros foros multilaterales- urge a ambas naciones a reanudar las negociaciones. Eso es lo que mi país pide: que el Reino Unido se avenga a entrar en negociaciones sobre el futuro de las islas. Las excusas de Gran Bretaña para no negociar son infundadas. No puede escudarse detrás de la llamada autodeterminación de los isleños cuando ninguna resolución de la ONU les reconoce ese derecho, a diferencia de los casos en que el principio es aplicable en el contexto de la descolonización. Este es un caso especial que involucra a un territorio colonial y no a una población colonizada; sus habitantes no constituyen un pueblo originario de las islas. Se trata de una población instalada por Gran Bretaña después de 1833. Hay sólo 1.339 habitantes que nacieron en las islas. Y más de 1.500 soldados. ¿Es racional que los "deseos" de esta población obstaculicen las relaciones y el entendimiento entre dos países y dos regiones? Estamos comprometidos a respetar los intereses de los isleños y su modo de vida. Ellos son británicos y están orgullosos de serlo; nosotros respetamos su identidad británica. Estamos dispuestos a ofrecer garantías para preservar su forma de vida. El propio interés de los isleños indica la necesidad de mejorar sus vínculos con el territorio continental argentino. La geografía y el sentido común señalan la necesidad de una negociación. América Latina se ha expresado unánimemente en respaldo del reclamo de la Argentina. Si el Reino Unido quiere construir una relación más fuerte con nuestra región, tiene que hacer un gesto político, escuchando los llamados a negociar de la comunidad internacional. El trauma que dejo la guerra en ambos pueblos requiere para su resolución encontrar una reconciliación genuina. Podremos celebrar una victoria solo el día en que nuestras Naciones se sienten a la mesa de negociaciones en beneficio de ambos pueblos. La guerra no se celebra. El único modo de conmemorar a los muertos de ambos bandos es trabajando para la paz y la reconciliación. Alicia Castro es la Embajadora argentina en el Reino Unido

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19 April 2012 Warmongering won’t settle this old dispute In the 21st century, Britain should rethink its hostile approach towards Argentina.

President Fernandez marks the 30th anniversary of the start of the Falklands conflict at Ushuaia, Argentina Photo: AP By Alicia Castro After more than three years without an Argentine Ambassador to the United Kingdom, I have just taken up that responsibility. My government is keen to seize this moment to rebuild and strengthen bilateral relations. My extensive experience, first in the trade union movement, then in parliament and as a diplomat has made me a strong advocate of dialogue and positive negotiations. I am, however, facing a campaign that “celebrates” a war that took place 30 years ago and warmongering, disrespectful and aggressive language that obstructs dialogue. The sovereignty dispute between Argentina and the UK is 179 years old. It dates from the time that Great Britain – in much the same way it invaded Buenos Aires in 1806 and 1807 without success – invaded and took the Malvinas Islands by force in 1833. Until then, the islands had been ruled by 32 Spanish governors and, after our independence, were effectively administered by Argentina. Who is interested in prolonging this conflict today? Since 1965 the United Nations has recognised the existence of a special colonial situation in the Malvinas Islands, and the dispute between Argentina and the UK concerning their sovereignty. It has urged both countries to negotiate to find a peaceful and permanent solution. The principle of self-determination does not apply to this special situation, because Britain expelled the Argentine authorities and population from the islands, implanted its own population and has strictly controlled the demographics of the islands through its immigration policy. No UN resolution

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related to the “Malvinas/Falklands Question” has ever referred to self-determination. It is a special case that involves a colonial territory, not a colonised population. We are not willing to take away the Britishness and the way of life of the 3,000 inhabitants of the islands. We are claiming sovereignty to a territory that belonged to Spain and then to Argentina as its legitimate successor, in accordance with the principle of succession of states in international law. Between 1965 and 1982, the UK and Argentina held negotiations regarding sovereignty that contemplated several options, such as leaseback and joint administration. We agreed on some practical measures such as economic and transport links that made significant improvement to the islanders’ lives. Argentina built the airfield in the Malvinas Islands and a state-owned airline provided regular services between the islands and the Argentine mainland; scholarships were granted to those who wished to study on the mainland and Argentine teachers were assigned to the islands to teach Spanish; the inhabitants of the islands also had free health care at the British Hospital in Buenos Aires. After the war in 1982, the UN kept urging the two sides to negotiate. No one needs to remind us how stupid and cruel that war was. The Junta that de facto ruled Argentina – which at the same time tortured and murdered thousands of citizens to impose an economic model of radical budget cuts and misery – attempted, with no success, to use the war to improve its domestic image and to remain in power. By ignoring the repeated calls of the UN, the Organisation of American States, Mercosur, Unasur, CELAC, the Ibero-American summits, the South American summits with Arab and African countries, the G77 plus China and the recent statement by a group of Nobel Peace Prize winners, the UK is showing its utter disregard for the principle of peaceful settlement of disputes, one of the fundamental principles of international law. By failing to propose any alternative means of resolving the dispute, Britain is adopting a position that is not merely unfriendly, but illegal. Recently, the situation deteriorated further with the militarisation of the South Atlantic by the UK, its unilateral granting of fishing licences for 25-year periods, and the exploration of hydrocarbons in the Argentine continental shelf. As our president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, has pointed out, “Malvinas is a national, regional and global cause.” By refusing to negotiate with Argentina, the UK is turning its back on Latin America as a whole. There is no way to revitalise relations with our region without resolving the Malvinas Question, an anachronistic colonial situation that still exists in the south of our continent. Our region and the world support the efforts made by Argentina to establish a constructive dialogue that keeps in mind and respects the interests of the inhabitants of the islands and their way of life. We want to leave behind the politics that characterised the 19th century, the colonial order which allowed the use of force, the subjugation of the weakest and the appropriation of foreign resources overseas. We propose instead to develop a 21st-century politics, building a multipolar world order that promotes peace, respect, democracy, sovereignty and sustainable development with social justice. The UK and the Argentine Republic have the opportunity to set an example to the world by resolving this conflict by peaceful and diplomatic means. Above all, we have the responsibility not to leave this conflict unsolved for future generations. Alicia Castro is the Argentine Ambassador to the United Kingdom http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/9214154/Warmongering-wont-settle-this-old-dispute.html

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VERSION ESPAÑOL “ACTITUDES BELICISTAS NO RESOLVERAN ESTA VIEJA DISPUTA” “En el Siglo XXI, Gran Bretaña debería repensar su actitud hostil hacia la Argentina” Después de más de tres años sin Embajador argentino ante el Reino Unido, he llegado a hacerme cargo de nuestra misión. Mi gobierno ve este momento como una oportunidad de reconstruir y profundizar la relación bilateral. Vengo de una larga experiencia sindical, parlamentaria y diplomática que me orienta al diálogo y a las negociaciones positivas. Me encuentro, sin embargo, frente a una campaña celebratoria de una guerra ocurrida hace treinta años, y a un lenguaje belicista, irrespetuoso y agresivo que obstaculiza el diálogo. El conflicto de soberanía entre Argentina y el Reino Unido ha cumplido 179 años, desde que Inglaterra así como antes ocupó Buenos Aires en 1806 y 1807 sin triunfar en su objetivo- invadió y tomó por un acto de fuerza también a las islas Malvinas en 1833. Hasta entonces, las islas habían tenido 32 gobernadores españoles y, luego de nuestra independencia, quedaron bajo administración argentina efectiva. ¿A quién le interesa hoy prolongar este conflicto? Desde 1965 las Naciones Unidas reconocieron la existencia de un caso colonial especial en las islas Malvinas, que constituye una disputa de soberanía entre Argentina y el Reino Unido, e instaron a las partes a negociar para encontrar una solución pacífica y permanente a la controversia. El principio de auto-determinación no se aplica a esta situación especial, porque Gran Bretaña expulsó a las autoridades argentinas y a la población de las islas, implantó su propia población y ha controlado estrictamente la demografía de las islas a través de su política de inmigración. Ninguna resolución de las Naciones Unidas relacionada con la Cuestión de las Islas Malvinas/Falklands se ha referido nunca a la auto-determinación. Es un caso especial que involucra a un territorio colonial, no una población colonizada. No deseamos quitarles la condición de británicos ni su estilo de vida a los 3000 habitantes de las islas. Estamos reclamando la soberanía sobre un territorio que perteneció a España y luego a Argentina como sucesor legítimo, de acuerdo con el principio de sucesión de los Estados en el derecho internacional. Entre los años 1965 y 1982 el Reino Unido y Argentina mantuvieron negociaciones en lo referente a la soberanía, que contempló varias opciones, tales como retroarriendo (leaseback) y administración conjunta, y acordamos medidas prácticas estableciendo vínculos económicos y de transporte, que permitieron una mejora significativa en la vida de los isleños. Argentina construyó la pista de aterrizaje en las Islas Malvinas, una aerolínea de propiedad estatal proveyó servicios regulares entre las Islas y el territorio continental argentino, otorgó becas a aquellos que deseaban estudiar en el continente y profesores argentinos fueron enviados a las islas para enseñar castellano; los habitantes de las islas asimismo obtuvieron asistencia médica gratuita en el Hospital Británico en Buenos Aires. Después de la guerra de 1982, las Naciones Unidas continuaron exhortando a las dos partes a negociar. Nadie tiene que recordarnos a los argentinos cuan estúpida y cruel fue esa guerra. La junta que de facto gobernó a la Argentina -que torturó y asesinó a miles de argentinos para imponer un modelo económico de ajuste y miseria- pretendió sin éxito utilizar la guerra para mejorar su imagen y mantenerse en el poder. Al ignorar los reiterados llamados de las Naciones Unidas, la OEA, el MERCOSUR, UNASUR, CELAC, las Cumbres Iberoamericanas, América del Sur- Países Árabes (ASPA) y América del Sur – África (ASA), el Grupo de los 77 más China, y los Premios Nobel de la Paz, el Reino Unido muestra su desapego a las normas internacionales de resolución de conflictos, uno de los principios fundamentales del derecho

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internacional. Al no proponer ningún medio para resolver esta disputa, Gran Bretaña está adoptando una posición que no es solamente hostil, sino también ilegal. Recientemente, la situación se ha deteriorado aún más con la militarización del Atlántico Sur por parte del Reino Unido, su otorgamiento unilateral de licencias de pesca por períodos de 25 años y la exploración de hidrocarburos en la plataforma continental argentina. Como dice nuestra presidenta Cristina Fernández de Kirchner "Malvinas es una causa nacional, una causa regional y global". Al negarse a negociar con Argentina, el Reino Unido le da la espalda a América Latina en su conjunto. No habrá forma de revitalizar la relación con nuestra región sin resolver la cuestión Malvinas, el anacrónico enclave colonial que subsiste al sur de nuestro continente. Nuestra región y el mundo apoyan los esfuerzos de Argentina por entablar un diálogo constructivo, que tenga en cuenta y respete los intereses de los isleños y su estilo de vida. Queremos dejar atrás las políticas que caracterizaron al siglo XIX, el orden colonial que permitía el uso de la fuerza, el sometimiento del más débil y la apropiación de recursos ajenos. Proponemos en cambio llevar adelante una política del siglo XXI, construir un orden mundial multipolar que promueva la paz, el respeto, la democracia, la soberanía y el desarrollo sustentable con equidad. El Reino Unido y la República Argentina tienen la oportunidad de dar un ejemplo al mundo resolviendo este conflicto por la vía pacífica y diplomática. Tenemos, por sobre todo, la responsabilidad de no dejar este conflicto sin resolver a las próximas generaciones. Alicia Castro Embajadora Argentina ante el Reino Unido