Ali Jamal Battle

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Ali Ali Jamal Battle Jamal Battle A.S. Hashim, MD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bassorah http://www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/jamal.asp And: http://www.qurannetwork.com/abuturab/camel.html

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Ali Jamal Battle. A.S. Hashim, MD http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bassorah http://www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/jamal.asp And: http://www.qurannetwork.com/abuturab/camel.html. Sources of Reference. Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Ibn Qutaybah, Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Ali". Madelung, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Transcript of Ali Jamal Battle

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AliAliJamal BattleJamal Battle

A.S. Hashim, MDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bassorah

http://www.ezsoftech.com/islamic/jamal.aspAnd: http://www.qurannetwork.com/abuturab/camel.html

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Sources of ReferenceSources of ReferenceIbn Jarir al-Tabari, Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Ibn Qutaybah, Ibn Qutaybah, Nasr, Seyyed Hossein. "Ali". Madelung, Encyclopaedia of the Holy Prophet and Companions Tabatabaei, Lapidus, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward GibbonAl-Shaykh Al-MufidDakakeNahj Al-Balagha, Sermon 3Holt, P.M.; Lambton, Ann K.S.; Lewis, Bernard. Cambridge History of Islam. Watt, William Montgomery. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford University Press.

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In this Slide ShowIn this Slide ShowThe Gathering StormThe Gathering StormUmm Salama Warns A’ishaUmm Salama Warns A’ishaThe How’ab The How’ab Mayhem in BasraMayhem in BasraThe Appeal of al-Hasan in KufaThe Appeal of al-Hasan in KufaAli Sends for NegotiationsAli Sends for NegotiationsAli Face to Face with Talha and ZubairAli Face to Face with Talha and ZubairAli Reminds ZubairAli Reminds ZubairThe Sudden shockThe Sudden shockUrging the Rebels to FightUrging the Rebels to FightDisabling the CamelDisabling the CamelDigging a Trench for BurialDigging a Trench for BurialMourning the LossMourning the LossAli’s Generosity to the FallenAli’s Generosity to the Fallen

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Ali the KhalifaAli the Khalifa

When Uthman was killed, Medina was at the mercy of the When Uthman was killed, Medina was at the mercy of the rebels. rebels.

The Muhajireen and the Ansaar realized that none except Ali The Muhajireen and the Ansaar realized that none except Ali could:could:

save the city of Medina from being plundered, save the city of Medina from being plundered, the people from being massacred, the people from being massacred, and the government from breaking down,and the government from breaking down,

They, therefore, appealed to Ali to take charge of the They, therefore, appealed to Ali to take charge of the government.  government. 

Ali told the Muhajireen and the Ansaar that:Ali told the Muhajireen and the Ansaar that:he would accept their offer if they gave him a pledge to obey his he would accept their offer if they gave him a pledge to obey his orders both in peace and in war.orders both in peace and in war.They gave him their pledge to obey him, and he accepted their They gave him their pledge to obey him, and he accepted their offer. offer.

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Rebellion Rears its HeadRebellion Rears its HeadBut only a few days had passed when rebellion reared its But only a few days had passed when rebellion reared its head in Mecca against the Khalifa authority. head in Mecca against the Khalifa authority.

Ali went into the Mosque, and called upon the Muhajireen and Ali went into the Mosque, and called upon the Muhajireen and the Ansaar:the Ansaar:to rise in defense of the central government. to rise in defense of the central government. Their only response was silence. Their only response was silence. Ali reminded them of the pledge they had given to him to obey Ali reminded them of the pledge they had given to him to obey him and they still did not respond. him and they still did not respond. All his appeals and reminders seemed to fall on deaf ears. All his appeals and reminders seemed to fall on deaf ears.

It was only after many weeks of appeals and a great It was only after many weeks of appeals and a great effort that Ali could enlist the support of seven hundred effort that Ali could enlist the support of seven hundred volunteers in Medina. volunteers in Medina. This was all that Medina would do for him. He left This was all that Medina would do for him. He left Medina with these volunteers – never to return. Medina with these volunteers – never to return.

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Soon after UthmanSoon after UthmanUthman has been killed recently:Uthman has been killed recently:

Feeling of agonizing guilt in the land of Islam especially in Feeling of agonizing guilt in the land of Islam especially in MedinaMedinaThe rebellious from Egypt and Iraq have a heavy feelingThe rebellious from Egypt and Iraq have a heavy feelingAli, though refusing twice, finally agrees for his nominationAli, though refusing twice, finally agrees for his nomination

Ali is given allegiance by most Sahaaba and others in MedinaAli is given allegiance by most Sahaaba and others in MedinaAli insists on firing the Benu Umayya Governors who were Ali insists on firing the Benu Umayya Governors who were appointed by Uthman, due to their corruption.appointed by Uthman, due to their corruption.Yala, of Benu Umayya and now the ex-governor of Yemen, carries Yala, of Benu Umayya and now the ex-governor of Yemen, carries off to Mecca the treasury of Yemen after he was fired by Ali. off to Mecca the treasury of Yemen after he was fired by Ali.

Yala Yala أميه بن أميه يعلى بن gives to A'isha the treasury (sixty thousand gives to A'isha the treasury (sixty thousand يعلىDinars, along with six hundred camels); andDinars, along with six hundred camels); andone camel called Askar one camel called Askar عسكرعسكر , large and well-bred, valued at , large and well-bred, valued at 200 gold pieces.200 gold pieces.

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All of them Held a MeetingAll of them Held a MeetingA'isha was returning to Medina from Mecca after Haj,A'isha was returning to Medina from Mecca after Haj,

but turned back when she heard the news of Uthman's but turned back when she heard the news of Uthman's assassination,assassination,and the accession of Ali to the Khilaafah. and the accession of Ali to the Khilaafah.

Aisha's two brothers-in-law: Talha and Zubair ibn al-Aisha's two brothers-in-law: Talha and Zubair ibn al-Awwam, Awwam,

who were considered to be two significant Sahaaba, also arrived who were considered to be two significant Sahaaba, also arrived in Mecca. in Mecca.

Uthman's governor in Mecca was ibn Umayr al-Uthman's governor in Mecca was ibn Umayr al-Hadhrami.Hadhrami.

Marwan ibn al-Hakam and others of Benu Umayya, (Uthman's Marwan ibn al-Hakam and others of Benu Umayya, (Uthman's clan), were staying as al-Hadhrami’s guests. clan), were staying as al-Hadhrami’s guests.

All of them held a meeting.All of them held a meeting.

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The CircumstancesThe Circumstances

A'isha, was in Mecca for the pilgrimage when the A'isha, was in Mecca for the pilgrimage when the third Khalifa, Uthman, was killed. third Khalifa, Uthman, was killed.

She had expected and wished for either Talha or She had expected and wished for either Talha or Zubair to succeed himZubair to succeed himBoth Talha & Zubair were brothers-in-law of A’isha. Both Talha & Zubair were brothers-in-law of A’isha. Her youngest sister was the wife of Talha, who was Her youngest sister was the wife of Talha, who was also a cousin of her father. also a cousin of her father. Her oldest sister was a wife of Zubair, whose son Her oldest sister was a wife of Zubair, whose son Abdullah was adopted by A’isha.Abdullah was adopted by A’isha.A'isha was 46 year old, and do you remember how A'isha was 46 year old, and do you remember how she called for killing Uthman only a few months back, she called for killing Uthman only a few months back, now that Uthman was killed, she turned against Ali? now that Uthman was killed, she turned against Ali?

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The Gathering StormThe Gathering StormA'isha got Talha's and Zubair's support:A'isha got Talha's and Zubair's support:

Even though both of them had already given their oath of Even though both of them had already given their oath of allegiance to Ali when he was nominated. allegiance to Ali when he was nominated. Twelve years earlier both Talha and Zubair had been nominated Twelve years earlier both Talha and Zubair had been nominated for the Khilaafah by Omar before his death, for the Khilaafah by Omar before his death, but then, instead, Uthman was chosen for the Khilaafah.but then, instead, Uthman was chosen for the Khilaafah.Uthman had appointed his family members as Governors over Uthman had appointed his family members as Governors over many regions of the fledgling land of Islam. many regions of the fledgling land of Islam. These Governors were fired by Ali. Thus they were aggrieved.These Governors were fired by Ali. Thus they were aggrieved.Benu Umayya did not give allegiance to Ali.Benu Umayya did not give allegiance to Ali.

A'isha and the aggrieved Benu Umayya to whom A'isha and the aggrieved Benu Umayya to whom Uthman had belonged, supported each other against Ali. Uthman had belonged, supported each other against Ali.

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The Gathering StormThe Gathering StormThe ex-governors of Uthman, and many of Benu The ex-governors of Uthman, and many of Benu Umayya had by now joined A’isha. Umayya had by now joined A’isha.

Yala, the ex-governor of Yemen, had carried off to Mecca a Yala, the ex-governor of Yemen, had carried off to Mecca a large sum of treasure when he was displaced by Ali. large sum of treasure when he was displaced by Ali. He gave over to A'isha sixty thousand Dinars, along with six He gave over to A'isha sixty thousand Dinars, along with six hundred camels; hundred camels; One camel was very large and well-bred, valued at 200 gold One camel was very large and well-bred, valued at 200 gold pieces. pieces. It was named Askar It was named Askar عسكرعسكرand was especially presented for and was especially presented for A'isha's personal transportation.A'isha's personal transportation.

A large number of Arabs were also paid to enlist in the A large number of Arabs were also paid to enlist in the army, whose fathers and brothers had been killed by Ali army, whose fathers and brothers had been killed by Ali in defending Islam. in defending Islam.

And many a discontented Arab flocked under the Standard too.And many a discontented Arab flocked under the Standard too.

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In Completing her Preparations In Completing her Preparations Completing her preparations for the confrontation:Completing her preparations for the confrontation:

A'isha unsuccessfully tried to convince one of the previous wives A'isha unsuccessfully tried to convince one of the previous wives of Muhammad, Umm Salama, to side with her. of Muhammad, Umm Salama, to side with her. Umm Salama instead tried, and almost succeeded in convincing Umm Salama instead tried, and almost succeeded in convincing A'isha to abandon her plan; A'isha to abandon her plan; but Zubair's son (Abdullah Ibn al-Zubair) persuaded her to but Zubair's son (Abdullah Ibn al-Zubair) persuaded her to proceed. proceed. A'isha had also tried to persuade another of Muhammad's A'isha had also tried to persuade another of Muhammad's previous wives, Hafsa Bint Omar to follow her; but Hafsa's previous wives, Hafsa Bint Omar to follow her; but Hafsa's brother Ibn Omar stopped her from doing so. brother Ibn Omar stopped her from doing so. A'isha mounted on a litter on the camel Askar A'isha mounted on a litter on the camel Askar عسكرعسكر , and , and marched from Mecca at the head of 1,000 men. marched from Mecca at the head of 1,000 men. On her right was Talha, and on her left Zubair.On her right was Talha, and on her left Zubair.

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Umm Salama Warns A’ishaUmm Salama Warns A’isha

Umm Salama (also wife of the Prophet) Umm Salama (also wife of the Prophet) reminded A’isha:reminded A’isha:

of the time when the Prophet had addressed all his of the time when the Prophet had addressed all his wives saying wives saying that the dogs of How'ab that the dogs of How'ab الحوأبالحوأب would bark at one of would bark at one of them, who would be part of a rebellious mob. them, who would be part of a rebellious mob. She then warned A'isha not to be fooled by the words She then warned A'isha not to be fooled by the words of Talha and Zubair of Talha and Zubair

who would only entangle her in wrong deeds. who would only entangle her in wrong deeds. This advice had a sobering effect on A'isha, who almost gave This advice had a sobering effect on A'isha, who almost gave up her plan. However, her adopted son, Abdullah bin Zubair, up her plan. However, her adopted son, Abdullah bin Zubair, convinced her to go ahead.convinced her to go ahead.

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The Rebellious ForcesThe Rebellious Forces

The Rebellious consisted of:The Rebellious consisted of:1.1. A’isha, Talha, and ZubairA’isha, Talha, and Zubair2.2. Benu UmayyaBenu Umayya3.3. Quraish people from Mecca, whose loved ones were Quraish people from Mecca, whose loved ones were

killed by Ali in the battles of Islamkilled by Ali in the battles of Islam4.4. Other people from QuraishOther people from Quraish5.5. Mercenaries who were paid: Total so far 1,000Mercenaries who were paid: Total so far 1,0006.6. Bedouins on the way enrolled for the pay: Total so Bedouins on the way enrolled for the pay: Total so

far 3,000far 3,0007.7. People from Basra, many of whom were employees People from Basra, many of whom were employees

of Zubair: Total reached: 30,000of Zubair: Total reached: 30,000

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Who was to Lead the Prayers!Who was to Lead the Prayers!A month after the death of Uthman, and during the A month after the death of Uthman, and during the march of the Meccan troops, march of the Meccan troops,

queries began to arise if either Talha or Zubair would appoint queries began to arise if either Talha or Zubair would appoint himself as Khalifa, in the event of a victory. himself as Khalifa, in the event of a victory. Thus, the position of the Imamah of prayers, (correlated to the Thus, the position of the Imamah of prayers, (correlated to the Islamic Khilaafah), was disputed among the troops. Islamic Khilaafah), was disputed among the troops.

But A'isha, seeking to cease the strife, gave Shura But A'isha, seeking to cease the strife, gave Shura statement:statement:

that neither Talha nor Zubair should lead the prayer, but that neither Talha nor Zubair should lead the prayer, but Abdullah son of Zubair should lead the prayers instead. Abdullah son of Zubair should lead the prayers instead. And so it was later given out that the choice of the future Khalifa, And so it was later given out that the choice of the future Khalifa, (in case of victory of the Meccan troops) should be left to the (in case of victory of the Meccan troops) should be left to the men of Medina.men of Medina.

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The How’ab The How’ab الحوأبالحوأبOn the way to Basra, the rebel army received news that On the way to Basra, the rebel army received news that Imam Ali had come out of Medina in their pursuit.Imam Ali had come out of Medina in their pursuit.They decided to leave the main road and proceed to They decided to leave the main road and proceed to Basra through a different route. Basra through a different route. When they passed through the valley of How'ab the dogs When they passed through the valley of How'ab the dogs of the village barked loudly. of the village barked loudly. A'isha was startled, as if she remembered a very A'isha was startled, as if she remembered a very important thing.  important thing. 

Worriedly she asked, "What do you call this place?"  Worriedly she asked, "What do you call this place?"  People got surprised, wondering why, but some of them came People got surprised, wondering why, but some of them came back to say, "This place is called Al-How'ab".  back to say, "This place is called Al-How'ab".  A'isha, to the surprise of all, became very upset and demanded A'isha, to the surprise of all, became very upset and demanded to go back to Medina immediately, to call it off, to quit!  to go back to Medina immediately, to call it off, to quit!  She recalled what the Prophet had said 26 years ago.She recalled what the Prophet had said 26 years ago.

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The Prophet had Said:The Prophet had Said:الحوأب، كالب تنبحها األذنب، الجمل صاحبة أيتكم شعري ليت الحوأب، يا كالب تنبحها األذنب، الجمل صاحبة أيتكم شعري ليت يا

، الصراط عن ناكثة ، فتكـون الصراط عن ناكثة فتكـون    أنذرتك فقد أنا أما حميرا    يا أنذرتك فقد أنا أما حميرا يا

"I wonder who of you will be the instigator of the Jamal affair"I wonder who of you will be the instigator of the Jamal affairat whom the dogs of How'ab will barkat whom the dogs of How'ab will bark

and she will be the one who has deviated from the straight pathand she will be the one who has deviated from the straight pathAs to you, O Humaira (A'isha)As to you, O Humaira (A'isha)

I have warned you in that regard."I have warned you in that regard."(Ibn Atheer, Al-Kaamil, Vol. 3, Page 120.  Also Book of Al-Imamah and Al-Siyasah)(Ibn Atheer, Al-Kaamil, Vol. 3, Page 120.  Also Book of Al-Imamah and Al-Siyasah)

  (Humaira was A'isha's endearing name.)(Humaira was A'isha's endearing name.)

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The How’ab The How’ab الحوأبالحوأبA’isha then got off her camel, refusing to go any A’isha then got off her camel, refusing to go any further. further.

Talha and Zubair tried to convince her that the place Talha and Zubair tried to convince her that the place was not How'abwas not How'abBut Abdullah Ibn Zubair managed to bring 50 false But Abdullah Ibn Zubair managed to bring 50 false witnesseswitnesses

to testify to this lie, but in vain. to testify to this lie, but in vain. Finally, they somehow convinced her that it was not Al-Finally, they somehow convinced her that it was not Al-How’ab, lying through their teeth.How’ab, lying through their teeth.It is said they raised a cry that Ali was approaching, It is said they raised a cry that Ali was approaching,

Thus A’isha quickly remounted and the march was Thus A’isha quickly remounted and the march was resumed.resumed.

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The How’ab The How’ab الحوأبالحوأبوقامت باألبطح، أمية بنو فاجتمع ذلك، من بأكثر البصرة من عامر ابن وقدم

ذلك في وطاوعوها عثمان دم بطلب القيام على تحضهم الناس في عائشةاسمه جمل على هودج في تحمل عائشة وكانت البصرة، نحو وتوجهوا وخرجوا

دينار، بمائتي عرينة من رجل من أمية بن يعلى اشتراه عسكر، إال واد وال ماء على يمرون ال وكانوا الطريق، على يدلهم الذي هو هذا وكان

عنه سألوه : » فنبحب » البصرة من قريب ماء وهو حوأب يسمى موضع إلى وصلوا حتى

كالبه، : الحوأب،: ماء هذا الدليل قال هذا؟ ماء أـي فقالوا

بعيرها، عضد وضربت صوتها بأعلى صرخت بذلك عائشة سمعت فحينفأناخته،

وهم: حولها فأناخوا ذلك تقول ردوني، ردوني الحوأب، صاحبة والله أنا فقالتالمسير تأبى وهي ذلك، على

الزبير، بن الله عبد جاءها الغد من فيها أناخت التي الساعة كانت إذا حتىرحلوا: ذلك فعند طالبـ، أبي ابن علي أدرككم فقد النجاءـ، النجاء فقال

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The Rumors of DefectionThe Rumors of DefectionWhen rumors of the defection of Talha and When rumors of the defection of Talha and Zubair along with others first reached Medina, Zubair along with others first reached Medina,

Ali refused to move against the malcontents Ali refused to move against the malcontents so long as no overt act of rebellion threatened the so long as no overt act of rebellion threatened the unity of the Islamic nation. unity of the Islamic nation. But shortly after, news arrived of the design on Basra. But shortly after, news arrived of the design on Basra. At first, Ali thought that the insurgents had not made At first, Ali thought that the insurgents had not made Kufa, with its greater Bedouin population, their object. Kufa, with its greater Bedouin population, their object. Ibn Abbas, however, pointed out that Basra was really Ibn Abbas, however, pointed out that Basra was really the more dangerous, the more dangerous, because fewer of the leading chiefs were there, able because fewer of the leading chiefs were there, able to curb the people and repress rebellion.to curb the people and repress rebellion.

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The Disturbances in MeccaThe Disturbances in MeccaMeanwhile, Ali had received information about Meanwhile, Ali had received information about A’isha’s plans from Umm Salama (the wife of the A’isha’s plans from Umm Salama (the wife of the prophet), prophet),

and news of the disturbances in Mecca and Basra and news of the disturbances in Mecca and Basra also came through. also came through.

Ali made immediate plans to march towards Ali made immediate plans to march towards Basra but could only raise 900 men with Basra but could only raise 900 men with difficulty. difficulty.

The people were reluctant to fight A’isha, (considered The people were reluctant to fight A’isha, (considered to be the Mother of the Faithful, the widow of the to be the Mother of the Faithful, the widow of the Prophet).Prophet).Also, the cry for avenging the blood of Uthman was Also, the cry for avenging the blood of Uthman was too loud, confusing the people.too loud, confusing the people.

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Ali on the WayAli on the WayAli admitted this; and quite concerned: Ali admitted this; and quite concerned:

He gave orders that his forces which were destined for Syria to He gave orders that his forces which were destined for Syria to march instead to Nejd, march instead to Nejd, hoping thereby to intercept the insurgents on their way to Basra. hoping thereby to intercept the insurgents on their way to Basra. A column of 900 men was got together, at the head of which Ali A column of 900 men was got together, at the head of which Ali marched hastily in pursuit of the insurgents; marched hastily in pursuit of the insurgents; but on striking the Mecca road he found that they had already but on striking the Mecca road he found that they had already passed. passed. Not being equipped for further advance, he halted there. Not being equipped for further advance, he halted there. Messengers were sent to Kufa, Egypt, and elsewhere, Messengers were sent to Kufa, Egypt, and elsewhere, demanding reinforcements; and for these Ali the Khalifa waited demanding reinforcements; and for these Ali the Khalifa waited before he went forward.before he went forward.

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The Rebels Reach BasraThe Rebels Reach BasraThe rebel forces reached Basra, and encamped close by.The rebel forces reached Basra, and encamped close by.Messages were exchanged, and Uthman ibn Huneif Messages were exchanged, and Uthman ibn Huneif بن بن عثمان عثمان:the governor of Basra:, the governor of Basra , حنيفحنيف

aware that the cry of vengeance for Uthman was in reality a aware that the cry of vengeance for Uthman was in reality a design against his Khalifa, Ali ibn Abi Talib, design against his Khalifa, Ali ibn Abi Talib, ibn Huneif called an assembly to try the temper of the people.ibn Huneif called an assembly to try the temper of the people.Finding from the uproar that the strangers had a strong party in Finding from the uproar that the strangers had a strong party in the city,the city,ibn Huneif put on his armor, and, followed by the larger portion ibn Huneif put on his armor, and, followed by the larger portion of the citizens, went forth to meet the enemy, of the citizens, went forth to meet the enemy, who, on their side, was joined from the town by all the who, on their side, was joined from the town by all the malcontents. malcontents. A parley ensued. Talha, Zubair, and A'isha all three declaimed A parley ensued. Talha, Zubair, and A'isha all three declaimed against the murderers of Uthman, demanding their arrest and against the murderers of Uthman, demanding their arrest and justice.justice.

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Al-BasraAl-Basra

Distance about 1000 milesDistance about 1000 miles18 overnight stops18 overnight stopsDistance between overnight stops varies Distance between overnight stops varies from 35 to 55 milesfrom 35 to 55 milesThe route is across the desertThe route is across the desertTrip is arduous to say the leastTrip is arduous to say the least

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Within the Perspective of KufaWithin the Perspective of KufaAli sent al-Hasan and Ammar ibn Yasir to Kufa to bring Ali sent al-Hasan and Ammar ibn Yasir to Kufa to bring reinforcements for him. reinforcements for him. Kufa mustered 12,000 warriors, and it were these Kufa mustered 12,000 warriors, and it were these warriors who fought in the battle of the Camel, and warriors who fought in the battle of the Camel, and defeated the "triumvirate" of A’isha, Talha and Zubair. defeated the "triumvirate" of A’isha, Talha and Zubair. Mecca, Medina and Basra had left Ali in no illusions Mecca, Medina and Basra had left Ali in no illusions about what they would do in an emergency. about what they would do in an emergency. But the citizens of Kufa had sent reinforcements to him But the citizens of Kufa had sent reinforcements to him at a most critical moment in Ali’s career. at a most critical moment in Ali’s career. He could clearly see that if there was war with Mu'awiya, He could clearly see that if there was war with Mu'awiya, he had only the army of Kufa to depend upon. he had only the army of Kufa to depend upon. It was, therefore, the logic of events that influenced Ali's It was, therefore, the logic of events that influenced Ali's decision to make Kufa the capital of the empire. decision to make Kufa the capital of the empire.

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The Protestation of Others The Protestation of Others The other side were equally loud in their The other side were equally loud in their protestations against A'isha and her attack upon protestations against A'isha and her attack upon their city. their city. They said it was a shame and a slight on the They said it was a shame and a slight on the legacy and memory of Muhammad:legacy and memory of Muhammad:

for her to forego the sanctity of the Hijab, for her to forego the sanctity of the Hijab, and the proprieties of Umm al-Mu'minin ("Mother of and the proprieties of Umm al-Mu'minin ("Mother of the Faithful").the Faithful").Ali had been elected and saluted as Khalifa; Ali had been elected and saluted as Khalifa; and now Talha and Zubair were violating the and now Talha and Zubair were violating the allegiance allegiance which they had been among the very first to swear it.which they had been among the very first to swear it.

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The End Result of ProtestationThe End Result of ProtestationBoth Talha and Zubair protested that the oath had been Both Talha and Zubair protested that the oath had been forced upon them. forced upon them.

On this point the controversy turned; and from words they fell to On this point the controversy turned; and from words they fell to blows. blows. Night interposed, but fighting was resumed the following day; Night interposed, but fighting was resumed the following day; and with so serious a loss to Basra that a truce was called and and with so serious a loss to Basra that a truce was called and agreement come to, agreement come to, on the understanding that the facts should be ascertained from on the understanding that the facts should be ascertained from Medina.Medina.If force had really been put upon Zubair and Talha to take the If force had really been put upon Zubair and Talha to take the oath, oath, then Uthman ibn Huneif, the governor, would retire and leave the then Uthman ibn Huneif, the governor, would retire and leave the city in their hands.city in their hands.

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Mayhem in BasraMayhem in BasraThe insurgents called on Uthman ibn Huneif to evacuate The insurgents called on Uthman ibn Huneif to evacuate the City according to agreement, the City according to agreement, Uthman ibn Huneif produced the letter of Ali, the Khalifa Uthman ibn Huneif produced the letter of Ali, the Khalifa and refused to evacuate. and refused to evacuate. The letter emphasized that no force was ever used.The letter emphasized that no force was ever used.

But the insurgents had already obtained a footing within the city. But the insurgents had already obtained a footing within the city. Arming themselves, they repaired to the Mosque for evening Arming themselves, they repaired to the Mosque for evening service, and, service, and, the night being dark and stormy, were not perceived until they the night being dark and stormy, were not perceived until they had overpowered the bodyguard, had overpowered the bodyguard, The rebels entered the adjoining Palace, and made a prisoner of The rebels entered the adjoining Palace, and made a prisoner of the governor Uthman ibn Huneif. They killed many guards and the governor Uthman ibn Huneif. They killed many guards and took the tools of war.took the tools of war.To insult the Governor, they removed the hair of his eye brows, To insult the Governor, they removed the hair of his eye brows, moustache, and beard.moustache, and beard.

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Ali on the WayAli on the WayFinding that the insurgent troops, with A'isha, Zubair, and Finding that the insurgent troops, with A'isha, Zubair, and Talha had already passed, Talha had already passed,

Ali halted for a while on the road to Basra, waiting for Ali halted for a while on the road to Basra, waiting for reinforcement, though he was joined on his march by certain reinforcement, though he was joined on his march by certain loyal tribes.loyal tribes.

To Kufa, Ali addressed a special summons, To Kufa, Ali addressed a special summons, inhabited as it was by many veterans on whose loyalty he might inhabited as it was by many veterans on whose loyalty he might reasonably depend; reasonably depend; and he added force to the call by promising that Kufa should be and he added force to the call by promising that Kufa should be his seat of government.his seat of government.

"See," Ali wrote, "have I not chosen your city over all other cities for my own? Unto you do I look for succor, if haply peace and unity should again prevail as it behooves, among brethren in the faith."

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In KufaIn KufaBut the summons was at the first unheeded. But the summons was at the first unheeded.

The City was made up of many factions; The City was made up of many factions; and from some of these factions the cry of A'isha, (demanding and from some of these factions the cry of A'isha, (demanding revenge for Uthman's blood), had already found response.revenge for Uthman's blood), had already found response.

Abu Musa, Kufa’s Governor, was unequal to the Abu Musa, Kufa’s Governor, was unequal to the emergency.emergency.

Loyal to the memory of Uthman, Abu Musa sought to allay the Loyal to the memory of Uthman, Abu Musa sought to allay the ferment by a neutral course, ferment by a neutral course, and he urged the citizens to join neither party, but instead and he urged the citizens to join neither party, but instead remain at home. remain at home.

A second deputation meeting with no better success, Ali A second deputation meeting with no better success, Ali bethought him of sending his elder son Hasan, in bethought him of sending his elder son Hasan, in Company with Ammar ibn Yasir, the former Governor of Company with Ammar ibn Yasir, the former Governor of Kufa, to urge his cause.Kufa, to urge his cause.

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Al-Hasan in KufaAl-Hasan in Kufa

Al-Hasan, son of Ali, was at the top of the pulpit, Al-Hasan, son of Ali, was at the top of the pulpit, in the Grand Masjid of Kufain the Grand Masjid of Kufa

and Ammar was seated below him. All had gathered and Ammar was seated below him. All had gathered before him. And Ammar, the former Governor of Kufa before him. And Ammar, the former Governor of Kufa was heard saying:was heard saying:"A'isha has moved to Busra. By Allah! She is the wife "A'isha has moved to Busra. By Allah! She is the wife of your Prophet in this world and in the Hereafter. But of your Prophet in this world and in the Hereafter. But Allah has put you to test whether you obey him (Ali) or Allah has put you to test whether you obey him (Ali) or her (A'isha).“her (A'isha).“Thus al-Hasan raised 9,000 men, then other units Thus al-Hasan raised 9,000 men, then other units arrived as well, all joining Ali at his camp at Dhi Qaar. arrived as well, all joining Ali at his camp at Dhi Qaar.

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The Appeal of al-HasanThe Appeal of al-Hasan

The appeal of al-Hasan, grandson of The appeal of al-Hasan, grandson of Muhammad, had the desired effect. Muhammad, had the desired effect.

A tumult arose, and Abu Musa, unable to A tumult arose, and Abu Musa, unable to maintain his weak neutrality, was deposed. maintain his weak neutrality, was deposed. The Arab tribes rallied around the loyalists.The Arab tribes rallied around the loyalists.Soon thousands of men, partly by land, partly Soon thousands of men, partly by land, partly by river, set out to join Ali, the Khalifa, by river, set out to join Ali, the Khalifa, who, advancing slowly, awaited their arrival. who, advancing slowly, awaited their arrival. Thus reinforced, Ali was able to take the field Thus reinforced, Ali was able to take the field effectively, and march on the rebellious city.effectively, and march on the rebellious city.

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Battle of JamalBattle of Jamal

A'isha, Talha, and Zubair lead an uprisingA'isha, Talha, and Zubair lead an uprisingAli meets the rebels near BasraAli negotiates with them to prevent fightingAli negotiates with them to prevent fightingAli reminds Zubair of a Hadith, Zubair quits the rebelsAli reminds Zubair of a Hadith, Zubair quits the rebelsAli sends the Quran to be the judgeAli sends the Quran to be the judgePerson with the Quran is killed by A'isha fightersPerson with the Quran is killed by A'isha fightersFighting breaks out, the renouncers lose, battle almost Fighting breaks out, the renouncers lose, battle almost overoverA'isha is suddenly present on a camel urging to fight AliA'isha is suddenly present on a camel urging to fight AliFierce fighting erupts again, numerous casualtiesFierce fighting erupts again, numerous casualtiesThe camel is disabled, the battle abruptly comes to an endThe camel is disabled, the battle abruptly comes to an endA'isha sent home in full respectA'isha sent home in full respect

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The Prophet had Said to Ali:The Prophet had Said to Ali:Ali had always remembered what the Prophet had Ali had always remembered what the Prophet had told him about 25 years ago, and how his told him about 25 years ago, and how his prediction was so accurate: prediction was so accurate: The Prophet had said:The Prophet had said:

         والمـارقــين والقاسـطين الناكثـين تقـاتل   سوف     والمـارقــين والقاسـطين الناكثـين تقـاتل سوفO' Ali, you will be obliged to fight against:O' Ali, you will be obliged to fight against:

The renouncers: The renouncers: الناكثـينالناكثـينThe malicious The malicious القاسـطينالقاسـطين andandThe deviants The deviants المـارقــينالمـارقــين..

(Al-Haakim, Mustadrak, vol. 3, page 139)(Al-Haakim, Mustadrak, vol. 3, page 139)

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Face to FaceFace to FaceBasra itself was not wholly hostile, Basra itself was not wholly hostile,

and scores of the citizens came out to join the camp of Ali. and scores of the citizens came out to join the camp of Ali.

The insurgent army, nearly equaling that of Ali, The insurgent army, nearly equaling that of Ali, now marched forth with Talha and Zubair at their head, now marched forth with Talha and Zubair at their head, and A'isha herself seated in a well-fenced litter of the camel and A'isha herself seated in a well-fenced litter of the camel called Askar called Askar عسكرعسكر . Askar was the camel given to her by the . Askar was the camel given to her by the governor of Yemen who was dismissed by Ali.governor of Yemen who was dismissed by Ali.

But Ali's thoughts were for peace if possible. But Ali's thoughts were for peace if possible. The cry of Talha and Zubair was for vengeance against the The cry of Talha and Zubair was for vengeance against the murderers of Uthman; murderers of Uthman; and against these, Ali as yet did not deny that justice should be and against these, Ali as yet did not deny that justice should be dealt. But he was obliged to temporize..dealt. But he was obliged to temporize..

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Ali Sends for NegotiationsAli Sends for Negotiations

Ali had in his army great numbers of the very Ali had in his army great numbers of the very men who had risen against Uthman; men who had risen against Uthman;

and he felt that to inflict punishment on them (as his and he felt that to inflict punishment on them (as his adversaries required), adversaries required), would for the present be impossible. would for the present be impossible. Holding these views, he halted, still some little way Holding these views, he halted, still some little way from Basra, from Basra, and sent forward Al-Qa‘Qa' (who with other leaders of and sent forward Al-Qa‘Qa' (who with other leaders of renown had joined him from Kufa) renown had joined him from Kufa) He sent Al-Qa’Qa’ to expostulate with Talha and He sent Al-Qa’Qa’ to expostulate with Talha and Zubair.Zubair.

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NegotiationsNegotiationsAl-Qa’Qa’ addressed them saying:Al-Qa’Qa’ addressed them saying:

"Ye have already slain 60 men of Basra for the blood of Uthman; "Ye have already slain 60 men of Basra for the blood of Uthman; and lo! to avenge their blood, 6000 more have started up.and lo! to avenge their blood, 6000 more have started up.Where is this internecine war to stop? Where is this internecine war to stop? It is peace and harmony that Islam needs now. It is peace and harmony that Islam needs now. Give that, and again the majesty of law shall be set up, and the Give that, and again the majesty of law shall be set up, and the guilty brought to justice." guilty brought to justice."

As he spoke, Zubair, Talha and A'isha returned word that As he spoke, Zubair, Talha and A'isha returned word that if these really were the sentiments of Ali, they were if these really were the sentiments of Ali, they were ready to submit. ready to submit. After several days spent in such negotiations, Ali, glad at After several days spent in such negotiations, Ali, glad at the prospect of a bloodless compromise, advanced.the prospect of a bloodless compromise, advanced.

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Ali Face to Face with Talha and ZubairAli Face to Face with Talha and Zubair

The army of A'isha remained encamped on the outskirts of the The army of A'isha remained encamped on the outskirts of the city. city. Ali's force, advancing unopposed, halted within sight; Ali's force, advancing unopposed, halted within sight;

and negotiations for peace went on, evidently substantial and negotiations for peace went on, evidently substantial and sincere.and sincere.Ali himself approached on horseback and Talha with Ali himself approached on horseback and Talha with Zubair rode forth to confer with him.Zubair rode forth to confer with him.

"Wherefore have ye risen against me" said Ali; "did ye not "Wherefore have ye risen against me" said Ali; "did ye not swear homage to me?" "Yea" replied Talha "but coerced into swear homage to me?" "Yea" replied Talha "but coerced into it; and now we demand justice against the murderers of it; and now we demand justice against the murderers of Uthman." Uthman." Ali replied that he no less than they held the murderers of Ali replied that he no less than they held the murderers of Uthman to be guilty; he even cursed them in no measured Uthman to be guilty; he even cursed them in no measured terms, but added that for their punishment they must bide their terms, but added that for their punishment they must bide their time.time.

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Ali Reminds ZubairAli Reminds ZubairAli met Zubair and reminded him of the Prophet when 30 Ali met Zubair and reminded him of the Prophet when 30 years earlier he said:years earlier he said:

You will fight against Ali and to him you are atrocious.الجمل يوم بالزبير علي الجمل خال يوم بالزبير علي خال

يقول: وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول سمعت هل الله أنشدك يقول: فقال وسلم عليه الله صلى الله رسول سمعت هل الله أنشدك فقال: يدي الوي :وأنت يدي الوي وأنت

عليك؟ لينصرن ثم له ظالم وأنت عليك؟ لتقتاتلنه لينصرن ثم له ظالم وأنت لتقتاتلنه . أقاتلك: ال الجرم سمعت، قد . قال أقاتلك: ال الجرم سمعت، قد قال

Zubair suddenly recalled this.Zubair suddenly recalled this.He abandoned his camp despite the attempts of his son to do He abandoned his camp despite the attempts of his son to do otherwise.otherwise.

Zubair had left some distance, and was killed by Amr ibn Zubair had left some distance, and was killed by Amr ibn Jarmouz while he was praying.Jarmouz while he was praying.

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The Sudden shockThe Sudden shockTowards morning, a sudden shock changed the Towards morning, a sudden shock changed the scene. scene.

The besiegers of Uthman, during the night, carried The besiegers of Uthman, during the night, carried their design into execution. their design into execution. Led by them, squadrons of Bedouin lances bore Led by them, squadrons of Bedouin lances bore down, while yet dark, upon the Basra tents. down, while yet dark, upon the Basra tents.

In a moment all was confusion. In a moment all was confusion. Each camp believed that it had been attacked by the Each camp believed that it had been attacked by the other; other; and the dawn found both armies drawn up, as the and the dawn found both armies drawn up, as the conspirators desired, in mortal combat against each conspirators desired, in mortal combat against each other. other.

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In Vain Ali Endeavors to Hold BackIn Vain Ali Endeavors to Hold BackIn vain Ali endeavored to hold back his men. In vain Ali endeavored to hold back his men.

The sense of treachery embittered the conflict. The sense of treachery embittered the conflict. It was a strange engagement,—the first in which Muslims had It was a strange engagement,—the first in which Muslims had crossed swords with Muslims. crossed swords with Muslims. It resembled a battle of the old Arab times, only that for tribal rivalry It resembled a battle of the old Arab times, only that for tribal rivalry were now substituted other issues.were now substituted other issues.

Clans were broken up, and it became in some measure a contest Clans were broken up, and it became in some measure a contest between the two rival cities; between the two rival cities;

"The Benu Rabi'a of Kufa fought against the Benu Rabi'a of Basra,"The Benu Rabi'a of Kufa fought against the Benu Rabi'a of Basra,the Benu Modhar of the one against the Benu Modhar of the other,“the Benu Modhar of the one against the Benu Modhar of the other,“and so on, with the various tribes, and even with families, and so on, with the various tribes, and even with families, one part arrayed against the other. one part arrayed against the other.

The fierceness and obstinacy of the battle can be only thus accounted The fierceness and obstinacy of the battle can be only thus accounted for. for.

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Al-ZubairAl-ZubairThe attitude of the leaders was in marked The attitude of the leaders was in marked contrast with the bitter struggle of the ranks.contrast with the bitter struggle of the ranks.Zubair, half-hearted since his interview with Ali, Zubair, half-hearted since his interview with Ali, left the battlefield, and was killed in an adjoining left the battlefield, and was killed in an adjoining valley. valley.

A man named Amr ibn Jarmouz had followed Zubair A man named Amr ibn Jarmouz had followed Zubair and murdered him while he performed Salat.and murdered him while he performed Salat.When they brought to Ali the sword of Zubair, Ali When they brought to Ali the sword of Zubair, Ali cursed the man who took his life; cursed the man who took his life; Ali called to mind the feats displayed by Zubair that Ali called to mind the feats displayed by Zubair that wielded it in the early battles of Islam:wielded it in the early battles of Islam:exclaimed:—"Many a time hath this sword driven care exclaimed:—"Many a time hath this sword driven care and sorrow from the Prophet's brow."and sorrow from the Prophet's brow."

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Urging the Rebels to FightUrging the Rebels to FightMarwan ibn al-Hakam shot his own general Talha: Marwan ibn al-Hakam shot his own general Talha:

who became disabled, and carried into Basra, where he who became disabled, and carried into Basra, where he died. died.

Bereft of their leaders, the insurgent troops retreated to Basra. Bereft of their leaders, the insurgent troops retreated to Basra. They were falling back upon the city, when they saw A’isha.They were falling back upon the city, when they saw A’isha.

A'isha on her part, was urging the insurgents to fight. She cried A'isha on her part, was urging the insurgents to fight. She cried out over and over again,— "Slay the killers of Uthman." out over and over again,— "Slay the killers of Uthman."

The words ran through the retreating ranks, The words ran through the retreating ranks, that "the Mother of the Faithful was in danger," and they that "the Mother of the Faithful was in danger," and they stayed their flight to help her. As a result:stayed their flight to help her. As a result:Long the conflict raged around the camel. Long the conflict raged around the camel. One after another of the warriors rushed to seize her One after another of the warriors rushed to seize her standard; one after another they were cut down. Of Quraish, standard; one after another they were cut down. Of Quraish, 70 perished by the bridle. 70 perished by the bridle.

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Disabling the CamelDisabling the CamelAli, perceiving that A’isha’s camel was the Ali, perceiving that A’isha’s camel was the rallying-point of the insurgents, he immediately:rallying-point of the insurgents, he immediately:

sent one of his captains to disable the camel right sent one of his captains to disable the camel right away, by cutting its legs; So done:away, by cutting its legs; So done:the camel fell with a loud cry, the litter in which A’isha the camel fell with a loud cry, the litter in which A’isha was seated was rescued, and suddenly:was seated was rescued, and suddenly:the fighting ceased and the insurgents retired into the the fighting ceased and the insurgents retired into the city.city.

The litter, was taken down, and, by desire of Ali, The litter, was taken down, and, by desire of Ali, It was placed in a retired spot, It was placed in a retired spot, where A'isha's brother Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr where A'isha's brother Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr pitched a tent for her.pitched a tent for her.

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Digging a Trench for BurialDigging a Trench for BurialLater a great trench was dug, and into it the dead were Later a great trench was dug, and into it the dead were lowered, friends and foes alike. lowered, friends and foes alike.

Ali, encamped for three days without the city, himself performed Ali, encamped for three days without the city, himself performed the funeral service. the funeral service. It was a new experience to bury the dead It was a new experience to bury the dead slain in battle not against the infidels, but believer fighting slain in battle not against the infidels, but believer fighting against believer, brother against brother. against believer, brother against brother. Instead of cursing the memory of his enemies, Ali spoke Instead of cursing the memory of his enemies, Ali spoke hopefully of the future state of such as had entered the field, on hopefully of the future state of such as had entered the field, on whatever side. whatever side. When they brought him the sword of Zubair he cursed the man When they brought him the sword of Zubair he cursed the man who took his life; who took his life; and calling to mind the feats displayed by the man that wielded it and calling to mind the feats displayed by the man that wielded it in the early battles of Islam, exclaimed:—"Many a time hath this in the early battles of Islam, exclaimed:—"Many a time hath this sword driven care and sorrow from the Prophet's brow."sword driven care and sorrow from the Prophet's brow."

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Mourning the LossMourning the LossThe Muslims might well mourn the memory both of Talha The Muslims might well mourn the memory both of Talha and Zubair, and Zubair,

remembering how they defended at the peril of their own lives; remembering how they defended at the peril of their own lives; Their fall, and that of many of the Companions, was a loss to the Their fall, and that of many of the Companions, was a loss to the Ummah itself,Ummah itself,because it left the Quraish seriously weak in the struggle.because it left the Quraish seriously weak in the struggle.yet to be fought out between them and those Arab tribes yet to be fought out between them and those Arab tribes responsible for all the misunderstanding and Uthman's murder.responsible for all the misunderstanding and Uthman's murder.Ali declared a general amnesty for all the rebelsAli declared a general amnesty for all the rebelsIn this battle Ali restrained his men from taking any war booty In this battle Ali restrained his men from taking any war booty and all property found on the battle ground was gathered in the and all property found on the battle ground was gathered in the mosque of Basra, from where the owners could claim their mosque of Basra, from where the owners could claim their possessionspossessions

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Ali’s Generosity to the FallenAli’s Generosity to the FallenThe bearing of Ali was generous towards his fallen foe. The bearing of Ali was generous towards his fallen foe.

Having entered the city, he divided the contents of the treasury Having entered the city, he divided the contents of the treasury amongst the troops which had fought on his side, amongst the troops which had fought on his side, promising them a still larger reward "when the Lord should have promising them a still larger reward "when the Lord should have delivered Syria (Mu'awiya) into his hands.“delivered Syria (Mu'awiya) into his hands.“But otherwise he treated friends and foes alike, But otherwise he treated friends and foes alike, and buried in oblivion animosities of the past.and buried in oblivion animosities of the past.Marwan and the adherents of the house of Benu Umayya were Marwan and the adherents of the house of Benu Umayya were set free.set free.They fled to their homes, or else went to join Mu'awiya against They fled to their homes, or else went to join Mu'awiya against Ali.Ali.

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A'isha Taken Back in RespectA'isha Taken Back in Respect

A’isha was taken back to Medina in full respect, A’isha was taken back to Medina in full respect, since she was the Prophet's wife, the mother of since she was the Prophet's wife, the mother of the faithful.  the faithful.  Many guardians were sent with her, about 30 of Many guardians were sent with her, about 30 of whom were special.  whom were special.  The guardians were under the leadership of her The guardians were under the leadership of her own brother, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr.  own brother, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr. 

A’isha’s brother, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr was on A’isha’s brother, Muhammad son of Abu Bakr was on Ali's side Ali's side and had fought against her! and had fought against her! 

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A'isha Discovers then… A'isha Discovers then… After a few weeks of hard travel A'isha arrived in Medina, After a few weeks of hard travel A'isha arrived in Medina, tired and emotionally drained.  tired and emotionally drained.  She discovered then that the about 30 guards who were She discovered then that the about 30 guards who were close in her service,close in her service,

who looked like men, were actually women dressed in men's who looked like men, were actually women dressed in men's clothes!  clothes!  It was out of respect for her, being the Prophet's wife, that Ali It was out of respect for her, being the Prophet's wife, that Ali had ordered such special arrangement!  had ordered such special arrangement!  How clever, even at such circumstances!  How clever, even at such circumstances!  A'isha had complained to her friends that Ali put that many A'isha had complained to her friends that Ali put that many guards (men) close to her.  guards (men) close to her.  Hearing that, the guards disclosed their identity—that they Hearing that, the guards disclosed their identity—that they actually were females but dressed like males.  actually were females but dressed like males.  Seeing that, A'isha fell in Sujood thanking Allah for Ali's favor to Seeing that, A'isha fell in Sujood thanking Allah for Ali's favor to her.her.

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The Only Class DissatisfiedThe Only Class Dissatisfied

The only class dissatisfied was that of the slaves The only class dissatisfied was that of the slaves and rabble, and rabble,

who murmured at having no share in the treasure,who murmured at having no share in the treasure,nor any chance of plunder nor any chance of plunder since with the just and fair Ali at the helm, plunder since with the just and fair Ali at the helm, plunder was ruled out. was ruled out. These, gathering into marauding bands, occasioned These, gathering into marauding bands, occasioned much disquietude to the Khalifa, much disquietude to the Khalifa, and hastened his departure from the city, with the and hastened his departure from the city, with the view of checking the mischief they were bent on.view of checking the mischief they were bent on.

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In Sermon 22,In Sermon 22,

Ali: about the RenouncersAli: about the Renouncersببيعته الناكثين خبر بلغه ببيعته حين الناكثين خبر بلغه عثمان حين دم ويلزمهم عملهم يذم عثمان وفيها دم ويلزمهم عملهم يذم وفيها

بالحرب بالحرب ويتهددهم ويتهددهم] الناكثين] [ذم الناكثين] واستجلب ذم حزبه، ذمر قد يطان الش وإن واستجلب أال حزبه، ذمر قد يطان الش وإن أال

جلبه، جلبه، نصابه، إلى الباطل ويرجع أوطانه، إلى الجور نصابه، ليعود إلى الباطل ويرجع أوطانه، إلى الجور ليعود نصفا وبينهم بيني جعلوا وال منكرا، علي أنكروا ما والله نصفا وبينهم بيني جعلوا وال منكرا، علي أنكروا ما ..والله

About those who renounced their pledge to him:About those who renounced their pledge to him: Beware! Satan has started to instigate his parties and has collected his Beware! Satan has started to instigate his parties and has collected his

forcesforcesSo that inequity may reach the extreme and the wrong may come back So that inequity may reach the extreme and the wrong may come back

to its position. to its position. By Allah they have not put a correct blame on me, nor have they done By Allah they have not put a correct blame on me, nor have they done

justice between me and themselves.justice between me and themselves.

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In ConclusionIn ConclusionAli: and the Battle of JamalAli: and the Battle of Jamal

Umm Salama Warns A’ishaThe How’ab Mayhem in BasraAli Sends for NegotiationsAli Face to Face with Talha and ZubairAli Reminds ZubairThe Sudden shockUrging the Rebels to FightDisabling the CamelDigging a Trench for BurialAli’s Generosity to the Fallen

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Finally we quote the Quran:Finally we quote the Quran:

By the Token of Time Verily Man is in loss,Except those who

believe and do good works, and exhort one another to Truth and exhort one another to patience.

حمن الر الله بسم حيم الروالعصر

ا لفي الإن نسانخسر

وعملوا الإ آمنوا ذين الوتواصوا الصالحات

بالصبر وتواصوا بالحق

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THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Be in God’s CareBe in God’s Care

Dr. A.S. Hashim