Algeria - Country Analysis

8/14/2019 Algeria - Country Analysis

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COUNTRY OVERVIEW:ALGERIA

2009

Dimple Singh, SP , PGP0!200!"0"#

"0$%0$2009


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COUNTRY: ALGERIA

Formal Name: Pe&ple'( Dem&)*+ ) Rep-.li) &/ Alge*i+

Al 1-mh-*i +h +l 1+3+i*i +h +4 Dim-5*+ +h +(h Sh+.i +h67

Short Form: Alge*i+ Al 1+3+i*67

Capital: Algie*(, 8i h + p&p-l+ &n &/ +.&- "7 milli&n, &* % milli&n in)l-4ing (-.-*.(, in 200#7

Major Cities: A;e* Algie*(, he m&( p&p-l&-( )i e( +*e O*+n, C&n( +n ne, +n4 Ann+.+7

A))&*4ing & 200# e( m+ e(, O*+n h+( + p&p-l+ &n &/ 00,000< C&n( +n ne, %=0,000< +n4

Ann+.+, 2%=,0007

Independence : Alge*i+ )ele.*+ e( in4epen4en)e /*&m >*+n)e &n 1-l =, "9?27

Public Holidays: O@)i+l h&li4+ ( in)l-4e Ne8 Ye+*'( 1+n-+* "6< A(h&-*+ 1+n-+* "9,

200! 6< Bi* h &/ -h+mm+4 +*)h 20, 200! 6< L+.&* D+ + "6< Ben Bell+'( O e* h*&8 1-ne

"96< In4epen4en)e D+ 1-l =6< A()en(i&n &/ -h+mm+4 1-l %0, 200! 6< Beginning &/

R+m+4+n Sep em.e* ", 200! 6< En4 &/ R+m+4+n O) &.e* ", 200! 6< Anni e*(+* &/ he

Re &l- &n N& em.e* "6< >e+( &/ he S+)*i )e De)em.e* !, 200! 6< +n4 I(l+mi) Ne8 Ye+*

De)em.e* 29, 200! 67 D+ e( m+* e4 8i h +n +( e*i( +* /*&m e+* & e+* +))&*4ing & he

I(l+mi) )+len4+*7

Flag:

Alge*i+'( F+g /e+ -*e( + *e4 )*e()en +n4 + *e4 e p&in e4 ( +* +g+in( 8& e5-+l e* )+l .+n4(


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&/ g*een +n4 8hi e in he .+) g*&-n47 The )*e()en , he ( +*, +n4 he )&l&* g*een ( m.&li3e

I(l+m, he ( + e *eligi&n7

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Prehistory of Central North Africa: E+*l inh+.i +n ( &/ he )en *+l +gh*i. +l(& (een +(

+gh*e.< 4e(ign+ e( N&* h A/*i)+ 8e( &/ Eg p 6 le; .ehin4 (igni )+n *em+in( in)l-4ing

*emn+n ( &/ h&mini4 &))-p+ &n /*&m )+7 200,000 B7C7 /&-n4 ne+* S+H4+7 Ne&li hi) )i ili3+ &n

m+* e4 . +nim+l 4&me( )+ &n +n4 (-.(i( en)e +g*i)-l -*e6 4e el&pe4 in he S+h+*+n +n4

e4i e**+ne+n +gh*i. .e 8een ?000 +n4 2000 B7C7 Thi( pe &/ e)&n&m , (& *i)hl 4epi) e4in he T+((ili n A e* )+ e p+in ng( in (&- he+( e*n Alge*i+, p*e4&min+ e4 in he +gh*i. -n l

he )l+((i)+l pe*i&47 The +m+lg+m &/ pe&ple( &/ N&* h A/*i)+ )&+le()e4 e en -+ll in & + 4i( n)

n+ e p&p-l+ &n h+ )+me & .e )+lle4 Be*.e*(7 Di( ng-i(he4 p*im+*il . )-l -*+l +n4

ling-i( ) +J*i.- e(, he Be*.e*( l+) e4 + 8*iJen l+ng-+ge +n4 hen)e en4e4 & .e & e*l&& e4

&* m+*gin+li3e4 in hi( &*i)+l +))&-n (7

North Africa during the Classical Period:

Ph&eni)i+n *+4e*( +**i e4 &n he N&* hA/*i)+n )&+( +*&-n4 900 B7C7 +n4 e( +.li(he4 C+* h+ge in p*e(en 4+ T-ni(i+6 +*&-n4 !00 B7C7

D-*ing he )l+((i)+l pe*i&4, Be*.e* )i ili3+ &n 8+( +l*e+4 + + ( +ge in 8hi)h +g*i)-l -*e,

m+n-/+) -*ing, *+4e, +n4 p&li )+l &*g+ni3+ &n (-pp&* e4 (e e*+l ( + e(7 T*+4e lin ( .e 8een

C+* h+ge +n4 he Be*.e*( in he in e*i&* g*e8, .- e**i &*i+l eKp+n(i&n +l(& .*&-gh +.&- he

en(l+ emen &* mili +* *e)*-i men &/ (&me Be*.e*( +n4 he eK *+) &n &/ *i.- e /*&m & he*(7

The C+* h+gini+n ( + e 4e)line4 .e)+-(e &/ (-))e((i e 4e/e+ ( . he R&m+n( in he P-ni) W+*(,

+n4 in "#? B7C7 he )i &/ C+* h+ge 8+( 4e( *& e47 A( C+* h+gini+n p&8e* 8+ne4, he inF-en)e&/ Be*.e* le+4e*( in he hin e*l+n4 g*e87 B he (e)&n4 )en -* B7C7, (e e*+l l+*ge .- l&&(el

+4mini( e*e4 Be*.e* ing4&m( h+4 eme*ge47

Be*.e* e**i &* 8+( +nneKe4 & he R&m+n Empi*e in A7D7 2#7 In)*e+(e( in -*.+ni3+ &n +n4 in


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he +*e+ -n4e* )-l + &n 4-*ing R&m+n *-le )+-(e4 8h&le(+le 4i(l&)+ &n( &/ Be*.e* (&)ie ,

+n4 Be*.e* &pp&(i &n & he R&m+n p*e(en)e 8+( ne+*l )&n( +n 7 The p*&(pe*i &/ m&(

&8n( 4epen4e4 &n +g*i)-l -*e, +n4 he *egi&n 8+( n&8n +( he g*+n+* &/ he empi*e7M

Ch*i( +ni +**i e4 in he (e)&n4 )en -* 7 B he en4 &/ he /&-* h )en -* , he (eJle4 +*e+(

h+4 .e)&me Ch*i( +ni3e4, +n4 (&me Be*.e* *i.e( h+4 )&n e* e4 en m+((e7

Islam and the Arabs: The *( A*+. mili +* eKpe4i &n( in & he +gh*i., .e 8een ?#2 +n4

??9, *e(-l e4 in he (p*e+4 &/ I(l+m7 B "" he Um+ +4( + -(lim 4 n+( .+(e4 in

D+m+()-( /*&m ??" & =06, helpe4 . Be*.e* )&n e* ( & I(l+m, h+4 )&n5-e*e4 +ll &/ N&* h

A/*i)+7 In =0 he A..+(i4( (-))ee4e4 he Um+ +4( +( -(lim *-le*( +n4 m& e4 he )+liph+ e

& B+gh4+47 Un4e* he A..+(i4(, he R-( -mi4 im+m+ e ?" 9096 +) -+ll *-le4 m&( &/ he)en *+l +gh*i. /*&m T+hi* , (&- h8e( &/ Algie*(7 The im+m( g+ine4 + *ep- + &n /&* h&ne( ,

pie , +n4 -( )e, +n4 he )&-* &/ T+hi* 8+( n& e4 /&* i ( (-pp&* &/ ()h&l+*(hip7 The R-( -mi4

im+m( /+ile4, h&8e e*, & &*g+ni3e + *eli+.le ( +n4ing +*m , 8hi)h &pene4 he 8+ /&* T+hi* '(

4emi(e -n4e* he +((+-l &/ he >+ mi4 4 n+( 7 Wi h hei* in e*e( /&)-(e4 p*im+*il &n Eg p

+n4 -(lim l+n4( .e &n4, he >+ mi4( le; he *-le &/ m&( &/ Alge*i+ & he i*i4( 9 2 ""#!6,

+ Be*.e* 4 n+( h+ )en e*e4 (igni )+n l&)+l p&8e* in Alge*i+ /&* he *( me7 Thi( pe*i&4

8+( m+* e4 . )&n( +n )&nFi) , p&li )+l in( +.ili , +n4 e)&n&mi) 4e)line7 >&ll&8ing + l+*gein)-*(i&n &/ A*+. .e4&-in( /*&m Eg p .eginning in he *( h+l/ &/ he ele en h )en -* , he

-(e &/ A*+.i) (p*e+4 & he )&-n * (i4e, +n4 (e4en +* Be*.e*( 8e*e g*+4-+ll A*+.i3e47

The Alm&*+ i4 h&(e 8h& h+ e m+4e + *eligi&-( *e *e+ M6 m& emen 4e el&pe4 e+*l in he

ele en h )en -* +m&ng he S+nh+ + Be*.e*( &/ he 8e( e*n S+h+*+7 The m& emen '( ini +l

impe -( 8+( *eligi&-(, +n +Jemp . + *i.+l le+4e* & imp&(e m&*+l 4i()ipline +n4 ( *i)

+4he*en)e & I(l+mi) p*in)iple( &n /&ll&8e*(7 B- he Alm&*+ i4 m& emen (hi;e4 & eng+gingin mili +* )&n5-e( +;e* "0=#7 B ""0? he Alm&*+ i4( h+4 )&n5-e*e4 &*&))&, he +gh*i.

+( /+* e+( +( Algie*(, +n4 Sp+in -p & he E.*& Ri e*7

Li e he Alm&*+ i4(, he Alm&h+4( Uni +*i+n(M6 /&-n4 hei* in(pi*+ &n in I(l+mi) *e/&*m7 The


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Alm&h+4( && )&n *&l &/ &*&))& . ""#?, )+p -*e4 Algie*( +*&-n4 ""=", +n4 . ""?0 h+4

)&mple e4 he )&n5-e( &/ he )en *+l +gh*i.7 The 3eni h &/ Alm&h+4 p&8e* &))-**e4

.e 8een ""?% +n4 ""997 >&* he *( me, he +gh*i. 8+( -ni e4 -n4e* + l&)+l *egime, .-

he )&n n-ing 8+*( in Sp+in & e* +Ke4 he *e(&-*)e( &/ he Alm&h+4(, +n4 in he +gh*i. hei*

p&(i &n 8+( )&mp*&mi(e4 . /+) &n+l ( *i/e +n4 + *ene8+l &/ *i.+l 8+*/+*e7 In he )en *+l

+gh*i., he + +ni4( /&-n4e4 + 4 n+( + Tlem)en in Alge*i+7 >&* m&*e h+n %00 e+*(, -n l

he *egi&n )+me -n4e* OJ&m+n (-3e*+in in he (iK een h )en -* , he + +ni4( ep +

en-&-( h&l4 in he )en *+l +gh*i.7 +n )&+( +l )i e( +((e* e4 hei* +- &n&m +( m-ni)ip+l

*ep-.li)( g& e*ne4 . me*)h+n &lig+*)hie(, *i.+l )hie;+in( /*&m he (-**&-n4ing )&-n * (i4e,

&* he p*i + ee*( 8h& &pe*+ e4 &- &/ hei* p&* (7 N&ne hele((, Tlem)en, he pe+*l &/ he

+gh*i.,M p*&(pe*e4 +( + )&mme*)i+l )en e*7

The n+l *i-mph &/ he 00 e+* Ch*i( +n *e)&n5-e( &/ Sp+in 8+( m+* e4 . he /+ll &/

G*+n+4+ in "#927 Ch*i( +n Sp+in imp&(e4 i ( inF-en)e &n he +gh*i. )&+( . )&n( *-) ng

/&* e4 &- p&( ( +n4 )&lle) ng *i.- e7 B- Sp+in ne e* (&-gh & eK en4 i ( N&* h A/*i)+n

)&n5-e( ( m-)h .e &n4 + /e8 m&4e( en)l+ e(7

France in Algeria: A( + *e(-l &/ 8h+ he >*en)h )&n(i4e*e4 +n in(-l & he >*en)h )&n(-lin Algie*( . he 4e in "!2 , >*+n)e .l&) +4e4 Algie*( /&* h*ee e+*(7 >*+n)e hen -(e4 he

/+il-*e &/ he .l&) +4e +( + *e+(&n /&* + mili +* eKpe4i &n +g+in( Algie*( in "!%07 B "!#!

ne+*l +ll &/ n&* he*n Alge*i+ 8+( -n4e* >*en)h )&n *&l, +n4 he ne8 g& e*nmen &/ he Se)&n4

Rep-.li) 4e)l+*e4 he &))-pie4 l+n4( +n in eg*+l p+* &/ >*+n)e7 Th*ee )i il e**i &*ie( Q

Algie*(, O*+n, +n4 C&n( +n neQ8e*e &*g+ni3e4 +( >*en)h departments l&)+l +4mini( *+ e

-ni (6 -n4e* + )i ili+n g& e*nmen 7

Colons )&l&ni( (6, &*, m&*e p&p-l+*l , pied noirs li e*+ll , .l+) /ee 6 4&min+ e4 he

g& e*nmen +n4 )&n *&lle4 he .-l &/ Alge*i+'( 8e+l h7 Th*&-gh&- he )&l&ni+l e*+, he

)&n n-e4 & .l&) &* 4el+ +ll +Jemp ( & implemen e en he m&( m&4e( *e/&*m(7 >*&m

"9%% & "9%?, m&-n ng (&)i+l, p&li )+l, +n4 e)&n&mi) )*i(e( in Alge*i+ in4-)e4 he in4igen&-(


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p&p-l+ &n & eng+ge in n-me*&-( +) ( &/ p&li )+l p*& e( , .- he g& e*nmen *e(p&n4e4 8i h

m&*e *e( *i) e l+8( g& e*ning p-.li) &*4e* +n4 (e)-*i 7 Alge*i+n -(lim( *+llie4 & he >*en)h

(i4e + he ( +* &/ W&*l4 W+* II +( he h+4 4&ne in W&*l4 W+* I7 B- he colons 8e*e gene*+ll

( mp+ he ) & he )&ll+.&*+ &ni( Vi)h *egime e( +.li(he4 /&ll&8ing >*+n)e'( 4e/e+ . N+3i

Ge*m+n 7

In +*)h "9#%, -(lim le+4e* >e*h+ A..+( p*e(en e4 he >*en)h +4mini( *+ &n 8i h he

+ni/e( & &/ he Alge*i+n Pe&ple, (igne4 . =? Alge*i+n n+ &n+li( +n4 in e*n+ &n+l le+4e*(7

The m+ni/e( & 4em+n4e4 +n Alge*i+n )&n( - &n h+ 8&-l4 g-+*+n ee imme4i+ e +n4

e e) e p&li )+l p+* )ip+ &n +n4 leg+l e5-+li /&* -(lim(7 In( e+4, he >*en)h

+4mini( *+ &n in "9## in( - e4 + *e/&*m p+) +ge .+(e4 &n he "9%? Vi&lleJe Pl+n h+

g*+n e4 /-ll >*en)h )i 3en(hip &nl & )e* +in )+ eg&*ie( &/ me*i &*i&-( Alge*i+n -(lim(, 8h&

n-m.e*e4 +.&- ?0,0007 The en(i&n( .e 8een he -(lim +n4 colon )&mm-ni e( eKpl&4e4

&n + !, "9#=, V E D+ 7 When + -(lim m+*)h 8+( me 8i h i&len)e, m+*)he*( *+mp+ge47

The +*m +n4 p&li)e *e(p&n4e4 . )&n4-) ng + p*&l&nge4 +n4 ( ( em+ ) ra ssage li e*+ll ,

*+ ing & e*6 &/ (-(pe) e4 )en e*( &/ 4i((i4en)e7 A))&*4ing & &@)i+l >*en)h g-*e(, ",=00

-(lim( 4ie4 +( + *e(-l &/ he(e )&-n e*me+(-*e(7 O he* e( m+ e( +* /*&m ?,000 & +( high

+( #=,000 ille47

In A-g-( "9# , he >*en)h N+ &n+l A((em.l +pp*& e4 he g& e*nmen p*&p&(e4 O*g+ni)

S + - e &/ Alge*i+7 Thi( l+8 )+lle4 /&* he )*e+ &n &/ +n Alge*i+n A((em.l 8i h &ne h&-(e

*ep*e(en ng E-*&pe+n( +n4 me*i &*i&-( -(lim( +n4 he & he* *ep*e(en ng he *em+ining !

milli&n &* m&*e -(lim(7 -(lim +n4 colon 4ep- e( +li e +.( +ine4 &* & e4 +g+in( he ( + - e

.- /&* 4i+me *i)+ll &pp&(e4 *e+(&n(: he -(lim( .e)+-(e i /ell (h&* &/ hei* eKpe) + &n(

+n4 he colons .e)+-(e i 8en && /+*7

ar of Independence: In he e+*l m&*ning h&-*( &/ N& em.e* ", "9=#, he N+ &n+l

Li.e*+ &n >*&n >*&n 4e Li.e*+ &n N+ &n+lQ>LN6 l+-n)he4 +J+) ( h*&-gh&- Alge*i+ in he

&pening (+l & &/ + 8+* &/ in4epen4en)e7 An imp&* +n 8+ e*(he4 in hi( 8+* 8+( he m+((+)*e


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&/ )i ili+n( . he >LN ne+* he &8n &/ Philippe ille in A-g-( "9==7 The g& e*nmen )l+ime4 i

ille4 ",2 % g-e**ill+( in *e +li+ &n< +))&*4ing & he >LN, "2,000 -(lim( pe*i(he4 in +n &*g &/

.l&&4le ng . he +*me4 /&*)e( +n4 p&li)e, +( 8ell +( colon g+ng(7 A;e* Philippe ille, +ll &-

8+* .eg+n in Alge*i+7

>*&m i ( &*igin( in "9=# +( *+g +g maquisards n-m.e*ing in he h-n4*e4( +n4 +*me4 8i h +

m& le +((&* men &/ 8e+p&n(, he N+ &n+l Li.e*+ &n A*m A*m e 4e Li.e*+ &n N+ &n+lQ

ALN6, he mili +* 8ing &/ he >LN, h+4 e &l e4 . "9= in & + 4i()ipline4 gh ng /&*)e &/ ne+*l

#0,000 h+ (-))e((/-ll +pplie4 hi +n4 *-n g-e**ill+ 8+*/+*e +) )(7 B "9=? >*+n)e h+4

)&mmiJe4 m&*e h+n #00,000 *&&p( & Alge*i+7 In "9=! =9 he >*en)h +*m h+4 8&n mili +*

)&n *&l in Alge*i+, .- p&li )+l 4e el&pmen ( h+4 +l*e+4 & e* + en he >*en)h +*m (

(-))e((e(7 D-*ing h+ pe*i&4 in >*+n)e, &pp&(i &n & he )&nFi) 8+( g*&8ing, +n4

in e*n+ &n+l p*e((-*e 8+( +l(& .-il4ing &n >*+n)e & g*+n Alge*i+ in4epen4en)e7

The 8+* &/ n+ &n+l li.e*+ &n +n4 i ( +;e*m+ h h+4 (e e*el 4i(*-p e4 Alge*i+ ( (&)ie +n4

e)&n&m7 In +44i &n & he ph (i)+l 4e( *-) &n, he eK&4-( &/ he colons 4ep*i e4 he )&-n *

&/ m&( &/ i ( m+n+ge*(, )i il (e* +n (, enginee*(, e+)he*(, ph (i)i+n(, +n4 ( ille4 8&* e*(7 The

h&mele(( +n4 4i(pl+)e4 n-m.e*e4 in he h-n4*e4( &/ h&-(+n4(, m+n (- e*ing /*&m illne((,+n4 (&me 0 pe*)en &/ he 8&* /&*)e 8+( -nempl& e47 The m&n h( imme4i+ el /&ll&8ing

in4epen4en)e h+4 8i ne((e4 he pell mell *-(h &/ Alge*i+n(, hei* g& e*nmen , +n4 i ( &@)i+l(

& )l+im he p*&pe* +n4 &.( le; .ehin4 . he E-*&pe+n(7 In he "9?% +*)h De)*ee(, Ben

Bell+ 4e)l+*e4 h+ +ll +g*i)-l -*+l, in4-( *i+l, +n4 )&mme*)i+l p*&pe* e( p*e i&-(l &8ne4 +n4

&pe*+ e4 . E-*&pe+n( 8e*e +)+n , he*e. leg+li3ing )&n ()+ &n . he ( + e7

A ne8 )&n( - &n 4*+8n -p -n4e* )l&(e >LN (-pe* i(i&n 8+( +pp*& e4 . n+ &n8i4e*e/e*en4-m in Sep em.e* "9?%, +n4 Ben Bell+ 8+( )&n *me4 +( he p+* ( )h&i)e & le+4 he

)&-n * /&* + e e+* e*m7 Un4e* he ne8 )&n( - &n, Ben Bell+ +( p*e(i4en )&m.ine4 he

/-n) &n( &/ )hie/ &/ ( + e +n4 he+4 &/ g& e*nmen 8i h h&(e &/ (-p*eme )&mm+n4e* &/ he

+*me4 /&*)e(7 e /&*me4 hi( g& e*nmen 8i h n& nee4 /&* legi(l+ e +pp*& +l +n4 8+( (&lel


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*e(p&n(i.le /&* he 4e ni &n +n4 4i*e) &n &/ i ( p&li)ie(7 E((en +ll , he h+4 n& e e) e

in( - &n+l )he) &n hi( p&8e*(7

Opp&(i &n le+4e* &(ine Ai Ahme4 5-i he N+ &n+l A((em.l in "9?% & p*& e( he

in)*e+(ingl 4i) + &*i+l en4en)ie( &/ he *egime +n4 /&*me4 + )l+n4e( ne *e(i( +n)e

m& emen , he >*&n &/ S&)i+li( >&*)e( >*&n 4e( >&*)e( S&)i+li( e(Q>>S6 4e4i)+ e4 &

& e* h*&8ing he Ben Bell+ *egime . /&*)e7 L+ e (-mme* "9?% (+8 (p&*+4i) in)i4en (

+J*i.- e4 & he >>S7 &*e (e*i&-( gh ng .*& e &- + e+* l+ e*7 The +*m m& e4 5-i) l +n4

in /&*)e & )*-(h he *e.elli&n7 A( mini( e* &/ 4e/en(e, &-+*i B&-me4iene h+4 n& 5-+lm( +.&-

(en4ing he +*m & p- 4&8n *egi&n+l -p*i(ing( .e)+-(e he /el he p&(e4 + h*e+ & he

( + e7 &8e e*, 8hen Ben Bell+ +Jemp e4 & )& &p +llie( /*&m +m&ng (&me &/ h&(e

*egi&n+li( (, en(i&n( in)*e+(e4 .e 8een B&-me4iene +n4 Ben Bell+7 On 1-ne "9, "9?=,

B&-me4iene 4ep&(e4 Ben Bell+ in + mili +* )&-p 4 + h+ 8+( .& h (8i; +n4 .l&&4le((7


9/35

GEOGRAPHY

!ocation: Alge*i+ i( l&)+ e4 in n&* h8e( e*n A/*i)+, .&*4e*ing he e4i e**+ne+n Se+

.e 8een &*&))& +n4 T-ni(i+7

Si"e: Alge*i+ h+( +n +*e+ &/ +lm&( 27# milli&n (5-+*e il&me e*(, m&*e h+n /&-* ;h( &/

8hi)h i( 4e(e* 7 Ne+*l %7= me( he (i3e &/ TeK+(, Alge*i+ i( he en h l+*ge( )&-n * in he8&*l4 +n4 he (e)&n4 l+*ge( in A/*i)+7

!and #oundaries : Alge*i+ (h+*e( .&*4e*( 8i h &*&))& ",==9 il&me e*(6, +li ",% ?

il&me e*(6, Li. + 9!2 il&me e*(6, T-ni(i+ 9?= il&me e*(6, Nige* 9=? il&me e*(6, +-*i +ni+

#?% il&me e*(6, +n4 We( e*n S+h+*+ #2 il&me e*(67

$isputed %erritory: Alge*i+ h+( .&*4e* 4i(p- e( 8i h &*&))& +n4 Li. +7 Di(+g*eemen (.e 8een Alge*i+ +n4 &*&))& )&n)e*n (m-ggling +) i e( +l&ng he .&*4e*, -*i(4i) &n & e*

e**i &* in (&- he+( e*n &*&))&, +n4 &*&))&'( )l+im & We( e*n S+h+*+7 Li. + )l+im( %2,000

(5-+*e il&me e*( &/ (&- he+( e*n Alge*i+7

!ength of Coastline : Alge*i+'( 99! il&me e* n&* he*n .&*4e* ( *e )he( +l&ng he (&- he*n

e4ge &/ he e4i e**+ne+n Se+ /*&m &*&))& in he 8e( & T-ni(i+ in he e+( 7

Maritime Claims: Alge*i+ )l+im( + e**i &*i+l (e+ &/ "2 n+- )+l mile( +n4 +n eK)l-(i e (hing

3&ne &/ %2 =2 n+- )+l mile(7

%opography: A (h+*p )&n *+( eKi( ( .e 8een he *el+ el /e* le, m&-n +in&-(,


10/35

&p&g*+phi)+ll /*+gmen e4 n&* h, 4&min+ e4 . p+*+llel *+nge( &/ he A l+( &-n +in(, +n4 he

+( eKp+n(e &/ he S+h+*+ De(e* in he (&- h7 The /e* le Tell *egi&n in he n&* h, eK en4ing

e+( 8+*4 /*&m he &*&))+n .&*4e*, i( he )&-n * ( he+* l+n4, )&n +ining m&( &/ i ( )i e( +n4

p&p-l+ &n7 The Tell i( m+4e -p &/ he hill( +n4 pl+in( &/ he n+**&8 )&+( +l *egi&n, (e e*+l Tell

A l+( m&-n +in *+nge(, +n4 in e*me4i+ e +lle ( +n4 .+(in(7 S&- h &/ he Tell, he igh Pl+ e+-(

*egi&n ( *e )he( m&*e h+n ?00 il&me e*( e+( 8+*4 /*&m he &*&))+n .&*4e*7 Thi( *egi&n

)&n(i( ( &/ -n4-l+ ng, ( eppe li e pl+in( l ing .e 8een he Tell A l+( &-n +in( & he n&* h

+n4 he S+h+*+n A l+( m&-n +in( & he (&- h7 The igh Pl+ e+-( *egi&n + e*+ge( .e 8een

","00 +n4 ",%00 me e*( in ele + &n in he 8e( , 4*&pping & #00 me e*( in he e+( 7

N&* he+( e*n Alge*i+ )&n(i( ( &/ + m+((i/ +*e+ eK en(i el 4i((e) e4 in & m&-n +in(, pl+in(, +n4

.+(in(7 I 4i e*( /*&m he 8e( e*n p&* &n &/ he )&-n * in h+ i ( p*&minen &p&g*+phi)

/e+ -*e( 4& n& p+*+llel he )&+( 7 The Alge*i+n p&* &n &/ he S+h+*+ eK en4( (&- h &/ he

S+h+*+n A l+( /&* ",=00 il&me e*( & he .&*4e*( 8i h Nige* +n4 +li7 The 4e(e* i( +n

& he*8&*l4l pl+)e, ()+*)el )&n(i4e*e4 +n in eg*+l p+* &/ he )&-n * 7 >+* /*&m .eing )& e*e4

8h&ll . (8eep( &/ (+n4, i i( + *egi&n &/ g*e+ 4i e*(i 7 Immen(e +*e+( &/ (+n4 4-ne( &))-p

+.&- &ne 5-+* e* &/ he e**i &* 7 -)h &/ he *em+in4e* &/ he 4e(e* i( )& e*e4 . *&)

pl+ &*m(, +n4 +lm&( he en *e (&- he+( e*n 5-+* e* i( + en -p . highl+n4(7

Principal &i'ers: Alge*i+'( l+*ge( *i e*, he Cheli/, F&8( 2= il&me e*( /*&m he Tell A l+(

in & he e4i e**+ne+n Se+7

Climate: The )&+( +l l&8l+n4( +n4 m&-n +in +lle ( +*e )h+*+) e*i3e4 . + e4i e**+ne+n

)lim+ e, mil4 8in e*(, +n4 m&4e*+ e *+in/+ll7 In hi( 4en(el p&p-l+ e4 *egi&n, empe*+ -*e(

+ e*+ge .e 8een 2"X C +n4 2#X C in he (-mme* +n4 4*&p & "0X C & "2X C in he 8in e*7A e*+ge empe*+ -*e( +n4 p*e)ipi + &n +*e l&8e* in he in e*m&-n +in igh Pl+ e+-( *egi&n7

The 4e(e* i( h& +n4 +*i47 &( &/ he )&-n * eKpe*ien)e( liJle (e+(&n+l )h+nge .-

)&n(i4e*+.le 4i-*n+l +*i+ &n in empe*+ -*e7 R+in/+ll i( /+i*l +.-n4+n +l&ng he )&+( +l p+*

&/ he Tell, *+nging /*&m #00 & ? 0 millime e*( +nn-+ll , 8i h he +m&-n &/ p*e)ipi + &n


11/35

in)*e+(ing /*&m 8e( & e+( 7 P*e)ipi + &n i( he+ ie( in he n&* he*n p+* &/ e+( e*n Alge*i+,

8he*e i *e+)he( +( m-)h +( ",000 millime e*( in (&me e+*(7 >+* he* inl+n4 he *+in/+ll i( le((

plen /-l7

Natural &esources: Alge*i+'( n+ -*+l *e(&-*)e( )&n(i( &/ pe *&le-m, n+ -*+l g+(, i*&n &*e,

ph&(ph+ e(, -*+ni-m, le+4, +n4 3in)7 Alge*i+ h+( p*& en &il *e(e* e( &/ "27% .illi&n .+**el(, +

*el+ el m&4e( +m&-n 7 P*& en n+ -*+l g+( *e(e* e( +*e e( m+ e4 + "?"7 *illi&n )-.i) /ee ,

he eigh h l+*ge( in he 8&*l47

!and (se: In 200 Alge*i+'( l+n4 -(e 8+( +( /&ll&8(: % pe*)en , +*+.le< 0 pe*)en , pe*m+nen

)*&p(< "% pe*)en , pe*m+nen p+( -*e(< +n4 !# pe*)en , & he*7 &*e h+n /&-* ;h( &/ Alge*i+'(e**i &* i( 4e(e* 7

)n'ironmental Factors: A 4i( -*.ing en i*&nmen +l *en4 i( he en)*&+)hmen &/ he

S+h+*+ De(e* &n he /e* le )&+( +l +n4 highl+n4 Tell +n4 inl+n4 S+h+*+n A l+( *egi&n(7 P&&*

/+*ming p*+) )e( +n4 & e*g*+3ing h+ e le4 & (&il e*&(i&n7 The 4-mping &/ (e8+ge +n4 8+( e

/*&m he pe *&)hemi)+l in4-( * h+( 4+m+ge4 he e4i e**+ne+n )&+( 7 W+ e* i( ()+*)e, (& +

p*emi-m i( pl+)e4 &n )&n(e* + &n +n4 4e(+lin+ &n7 >&* )en -*ie( 4e(e* n&m+4( h+ e *elie4&n )*e+ e i**ig+ &n e)hni5-e(, in)l-4ing he -(e &/ -n4e*g*&-n4 8+ e* -nnel( +n4 p+lm

/*&n4( & 4*+8 m&i( -*e7 In 200 Gene*+l Ele) *i) 8+( helping & .-il4 A/*i)+'( l+*ge( (e+8+ e*

4e(+lin+ &n pl+n in +mm+, Alge*i+7 The g&+l /&* he +mm+ /+)ili i( & (-ppl 20 pe*)en &/

he 8+ e* nee4e4 . he )i &/ Algie*(7

%ime *one: Alge*i+'( me 3&ne i( Cen *+l E-*&pe+n Time G*een8i)h e+n Time pl-( "

h&-*67


12/35

SOCIETY

Population: A( &/ 1-l 200 , Alge*i+'( p&p-l+ &n 8+( e( m+ e4 & & +l %%7% milli&n7 The

p&p-l+ &n 8+( g*&8ing + +n +nn-+l *+ e &/ "72 pe*)en 7 &*e h+n 90 pe*)en &/ he )&-n * '(

p&p-l+ &n i( )&n)en *+ e4 +l&ng he e4i e**+ne+n )&+( , 8hi)h )&n( - e( &nl "2 pe*)en &/

he )&-n * '( l+n4 +*e+7 The*e/&*e, he & e*+ll p&p-l+ &n 4en(i &/ "#72 pe&ple pe* (5-+*e

il&me e* i( 4e)ep e7 A.&- =9 pe*)en &/ Alge*i+'( p&p-l+ &n i( -*.+n7 D*&-gh )&n4i &n(

h+ e le4 & +n in e*n+l mig*+ &n &/ /+*me*( +n4 he*4(men & he )i e( & (ee & he*empl& men 7 igh -nempl& men en)&-*+ge( emig*+ &n7 In 200 Alge*i+'( ne mig*+ &n *+ e

8+( e( m+ e4 + 07%% mig*+n ( pe* ",000 pe&ple7 Alge*i+ +l(& h&( ( m&*e h+n "00,000

S+h*+8i *e/-gee( /*&m We( e*n S+h+*+, 8h& .eg+n + ing *e/-ge in Alge*i+ in he "9 0(

/&ll&8ing Sp+in'( 8i h4*+8+l +n4 he e*-p &n &/ + ( *-ggle /&* )&n *&l &/ he e**i &* 7 &( li e

in 4e(e* +*e+( &/ 8e( e*n Alge*i+ +n4 4epen4 &n he Uni e4 N+ &n( +n4 & he* *elie/ +gen)ie(

/&* hei* (-* i +l7

$emography: In 200 p&p-l+ &n 4i( *i.- &n . +ge 8+( +( /&ll&8(: 0 "# e+*(, 2 72

pe*)en < "= ?# e+*(, ? 79 pe*)en < +n4 ?= e+*( +n4 &l4e*, #7! pe*)en 7 A( hi( 4i( *i.- &n

in4i)+ e(, Alge*i+ h+( + e* &-ng p&p-l+ &n, 8hi)h p&(e( + )h+llenge /&* he l+.&* m+* e +n4

he e4-)+ &n ( ( em7 A))&*4ing & he W&*l4 e+l h O*g+ni3+ &n, li/e eKpe) +n) in 200= 8+(

" e+*( 0 e+*( /&* men +n4 2 e+*( /&* 8&men67 In 200 he .i* h*+ e 8+( e( m+ e4 +

" 7"" pe* ",000 pe&ple, +n4 he 4e+ h *+ e 8+( e( m+ e4 + #7?2 pe* ",000 pe&ple7 The in/+n

m&* +li *+ e 8+( 2!7 ! pe* ",000 li e .i* h(, +n4 he /e* li *+ e 8+( "7!? )hil4*en .&*n pe*8&m+n7

)thnic +roup,s-: An e( m+ e4 99 pe*)en &/ he p&p-l+ &n i( A*+. Be*.e*, )&m.ining

I(l+mi) /+i h 8i h N&* h A/*i)+n Be*.e* )-l -*+l i4en )+ &n7 E-*&pe+n( )&n( - e he


13/35

*em+ining " pe*)en 7 Un*e( pe*(i( ( in he +. lie *egi&n in he n&* he+( in *e(p&n(e &

*e( *i) &n( &n Be*.e* e hni), )-l -*+l, +n4 ling-i( ) *igh (7

!anguages: The &@)i+l l+ng-+ge i( A*+.i)7 >*en)h i( he l+ng-+ge &/ .-(ine((, +n4 Be*.e*

T+m+3igh 6 i( +l(& (p& en7 In O) &.e* 200", he g& e*nmen *e)&gni3e4 Be*.e* +( + n+ &n+l

l+ng-+ge .- n& +( +n &@)i+l l+ng-+ge7 A( + *e(-l , he l+ng-+ge i((-e *em+in( )&n en &-(7

&eligion: S-nni I(l+m i( he ( + e *eligi&n, +n4 -(lim( )&n( - e 99 pe*)en &/ he

p&p-l+ &n7 The *em+ining " pe*)en &/ he p&p-l+ &n i( Ch*i( +n, m&( l R&m+n C+ h&li) .-

+l(& e h&4i( +n4 E +ngeli)+l Ch*i( +n7 Alge*i+'( 1e8i(h p&p-l+ &n i( .+*el + *+)e &/ i (

/&*me* p*e(en)e, *ep&* e4l n-m.e*ing &nl +.&- ?0 pe*(&n(7 The g& e*nmen imp&(e(*e( *i) &n( &n *eligi&-( /*ee4&m n& +ll &/ 8hi)h +*e ( *i) l en/&*)e4 in p*+) )e6, in)l-4ing

p*&hi.i &n &/ p*&(el 3ing . n&n -(lim(, )&n *&l( &n imp&* e4 *eligi&-( m+ e*i+l( .& h

-(lim +n4 n&n -(lim6, +n4 limi ( &n p-.li) +((em.l . n&n -(lim( 8i h&- + li)en(e7 The

g& e*nmen p*& i4e( n+n)i+l (-pp&* /&* m&(5-e(, im+m(, +n4 he ( -4 &/ I(l+m in p-.li)

()h&&l(7 A( p+* &/ i ( *eg-l+ &n &/ he p*+) )e &/ I(l+m, he g& e*nmen p*&hi.i ( he

4i((emin+ &n &/ -(lim li e*+ -*e p*&m& ng i&len)e +n4 m&ni &*( e+)hing in *eligi&-(

()h&&l( +n4 p*e+)hing . im+m( in &*4e* & p*e en eK *emi(m7

)ducation and !iteracy: Alge*i+'( li e*+) *+ e i( e( m+ e4 + ?9 0 pe*)en , highe* h+n in

&*&))& +n4 Eg p .- (-.p+* . in e*n+ &n+l ( +n4+*4(7 The .*e+ 4&8n . gen4e* i( 9

pe*)en /&* m+le( +n4 ?" pe*)en /&* /em+le(7 A l+g pe*(i( ( /&* 8&men 4e(pi e p*&g*e(( (in)e

in4epen4en)e in "9?27 E4-)+ &n )&n(-me( &ne 5-+* e* &/ he n+ &n+l .-4ge 7 Alge*i+ /+)e( +

(h&* +ge &/ e+)he*( +( + *e(-l &/ he 4&-.ling in he n-m.e* &/ eligi.le )hil4*en +n4 &-ng

+4-l ( in he l+( "2 e+*(7 E4-)+ &n i( /*ee +n4 &@)i+ll )&mp-l(&* /&* Alge*i+n( -p & +ge "?,.- +) -+l en*&llmen /+ll( /+* (h&* &/ "00 pe*)en 7 En*&llmen 4*&p( & (h+*pl /*&m p*im+*

& (e)&n4+* ()h&&l7 In /+) , &nl +.&- h+l/ he eligi.le p&p-l+ &n i( en*&lle4 in (e)&n4+*

()h&&l, 8hi)h )&n(i( ( &/ 8& h*ee e+* ) )le( .eginning + +ge "27 In +44i &n, Alge*i+ h+( "0

-ni e*(i e(, (e en -ni e*(i )en e*( centers universi es 6, +n4 (e e*+l e)hni)+l )&llege(7 The


14/35

p*im+* l+ng-+ge &/ ()h&&l in( *-) &n i( A*+.i), .- Be*.e* l+ng-+ge in( *-) &n h+( .een

pe*miJe4 (in)e 200%, in p+* & e+(e *eli+n)e &n /&*eign e+)he*( .- +l(& in *e(p&n(e &

)&mpl+in ( +.&- A*+.i3+ &n7

Health: A))&*4ing & he l+ e( + +il+.le ( + ( )( /*&m he W&*l4 e+l h O*g+ni3+ &n, in 2002

Alge*i+ h+4 in+4e5-+ e n-m.e*( &/ ph (i)i+n( "7"% pe* ",000 pe&ple6, n-*(e( 272% pe* ",000

pe&ple6, +n4 4en ( ( 07%" pe* ",000 pe&ple67 A))e(( & imp*& e4 8+ e* (&-*)e(M 8+( limi e4

& 92 pe*)en &/ he p&p-l+ &n in -*.+n +*e+( +n4 !0 pe*)en &/ he p&p-l+ &n in *-*+l +*e+(7

S&me 99 pe*)en &/ Alge*i+n( li ing in -*.+n +*e+(, .- &nl !2 pe*)en &/ h&(e li ing in *-*+l

+*e+(, h+4 +))e(( & imp*& e4 (+ni + &n7M A))&*4ing & he W&*l4 B+n , Alge*i+ i( m+ ing

p*&g*e(( &8+*4 i ( g&+l &/ *e4-)ing . h+l/ he n-m.e* &/ pe&ple 8i h&- (-( +in+.le +))e((& imp*& e4 4*in ing 8+ e* +n4 .+(i) (+ni + &n . 20"=7M Gi en Alge*i+'( &-ng p&p-l+ &n,

p&li) /+ &*( p*e en e he+l h )+*e +n4 )lini)( & e* h&(pi +l(7 In eeping 8i h hi( p&li) , he

g& e*nmen m+in +in( +n imm-ni3+ &n p*&g*+m7 &8e e*, p&&* (+ni + &n +n4 -n)le+n 8+ e*

( ll )+-(e -.e*)-l&(i(, hep+ (, me+(le(, ph&i4 /e e*, )h&le*+, +n4 4 (en e* 7 In 200% +.&-

07"0 pe*)en &/ he p&p-l+ &n +ge4 "= #9 8+( li ing 8i h h-m+n imm-n&4e )ien)

i*-($+)5-i*e4 imm-ne 4e )ien) ( n4*&me IV$AIDS67 The p&&* gene*+ll *e)ei e he+l h )+*e

/*ee &/ )h+*ge, .- he 8e+l h p+ /&* )+*e +))&*4ing & + (li4ing ()+le7 A))e(( & he+l h )+*e i(enh+n)e4 . he *e5-i*emen h+ 4&) &*( +n4 4en ( ( 8&* in p-.li) he+l h /&* + le+( e

e+*(7 &8e e*, 4&) &*( +*e m&*e e+(il /&-n4 in he )i e( &/ he n&* h h+n in he S+h+*+

*egi&n in he (&- h7

elfare: In 200= Alge*i+ *+n e4 "0# &- &/ " )&-n *ie( in he Uni e4 N+ &n(' h-m+n

4e el&pmen in4eK, + me+(-*e &/ & e*+ll 8ell .eing7 App*&Kim+ el h+l/ he Alge*i+n p&p-l+ &n

li e( .el&8 he p& e* line7 A.&- #= pe*)en &/ 8e+l h i( )&n)en *+ e4 in he h+n4( &/ he &p= pe*)en &/ he p&p-l+ &n, + phen&men&n h+ i( p+* l he *e(-l &/ )&ll-(i&n +m&ng

.-(ine((men, p-.li) &@)i+l(, +n4 mili +* &@)e*(7


15/35

ECONOMY

.'er'ie/: Alge*i+'( e)&n&m i( in he mi4( &/ + 4i@)-l +n4 h+l ng *+n(i &n /*&m ( + e

)&n *&l & +n &pen m+* e 7 The e)&n&m 4epen4( he+ il &n he h 4*&)+*.&n( in4-( * , 8hi)h

i( highl ) )li)+l7 In he )-**en high p*i)e en i*&nmen /&* &il +n4 n+ -*+l g+(, Alge*i+'(

e)&n&m i( eKpe*ien)ing +n -p(8ing, +n4 h 4*&)+*.&n( +))&-n /&* +.&- ?0 pe*)en &/

*e en-e(, %0 pe*)en &/ g*&(( 4&me( ) p*&4-) GDP6, +n4 9= pe*)en &/ eKp&* (7 &8e e*, he

In e*n+ &n+l &ne +* >-n4 I >6 i( en)&-*+ging Alge*i+ & 4i e*(i/ i ( e)&n&m , in p+* &*e4-)e he )&-n * '( high *+ e &/ -nempl& men "=7 pe*)en in 200?6 .- +l(& & p*&m& e

( +.ili +n4 & +((i( in he *+n(i &n & + m+* e e)&n&m 7 Un4e* he le+4e*(hip &/ P*e(i4en

A.4el+3i3 B&- eFi + "999 6, he g& e*nmen i( p-*(-ing +n e)&n&mi) *e/&*m p*&g*+m h+

em.*+)e( n& -( 4i e*(i )+ &n .- +l(& & he* I > ini + e( (-)h +( 4e*eg-l+ &n, .+n ing

*e/&*m, +n4 *+4e li.e*+li3+ &n7 &8e e*, he p*&g*+m i( eKpe) e4 & en)&-n e* .-*e+-)*+ )

*e(i( +n)e, p+* )-l+*l in he +*e+ &/ p*i + 3+ &n7 -)h imp*& emen i( nee4e4< in + 200

(-* e &/ .-(ine(( )&n4i &n( in " ! )&-n *ie(, he W&*l4 B+n *+n e4 Alge*i+ "2= /&* e+(e &/ 4&ing .-(ine((7

+ross $omestic Product ,+$P-: In 200 Alge*i+'( e( m+ e4 GDP 8+( USZ"2=79 .illi&n

+))&*4ing & he &@)i+l eK)h+nge *+ e7 U(ing p-*)h+(ing p&8e* p+*i , e( m+ e4 GDP 8+(

USZ2?!79 .illi&n, &* USZ!,"00 &n + pe* )+pi + .+(i(7 The e( m+ e4 *e+l g*&8 h *+ e 8+( #7?

pe*)en 7 In 200 in4-( * +))&-n e4 /&* ?" pe*)en &/ GDP, (e* i)e( )&n( - e4 %" pe*)en , +n4

+g*i)-l -*e p*& i4e4 he *em+ining ! pe*)en 7

+o'ernment #udget: In 200 g& e*nmen *e en-e( &/ USZ=!7= .illi&n eK)ee4e4

eKpen4i -*e( &/ USZ#"7# .illi&n7 Re)eip ( /*&m he h 4*&)+*.&n( in4-( * -(-+ll +))&-n /&*

*&-ghl ?0 pe*)en &/ *e en-e(7


16/35

In0lation: In 200 he e( m+ e4 inF+ &n *+ e 8+( #7? pe*)en 7

Agriculture1 Forestry1 and Fishing:

Alge*i+'( +g*i)-l -*+l (e) &*, 8hi)h )&n *i.- e( +.&-! pe*)en &/ g*&(( 4&me( ) p*&4-) GDP6 .- empl& ( "# pe*)en &/ he 8&* /&*)e, i( -n+.le

& mee he /&&4 nee4( &/ he )&-n * '( p&p-l+ &n7 A( + *e(-l , (&me #= pe*)en &/ /&&4 i(

imp&* e47 The p*im+* )*&p( +*e 8he+ , .+*le , +n4 p& + &e(7 >+*me*( +l(& h+ e h+4 (-))e((

g*&8ing 4+ e( /&* eKp&* 7 C-l + &n i( )&n)en *+ e4 in he /e* le )&+( +l pl+in &/ he Tell

*egi&n, 8hi)h *ep*e(en ( -( + (li)e &/ Alge*i+'( & +l e**i &*7 Al &ge he*, &nl +.&- % pe*)en

&/ Alge*i+n e**i &* i( +*+.le7 E en in he Tell, *+in/+ll +*i+.ili h+( + (igni )+n imp+) &n

p*&4-) &n7 G& e*nmen e &* ( & ( m-l+ e /+*ming in he le(( +*+.le ( eppe +n4 4e(e**egi&n( h+ e me 8i h limi e4 (-))e((7 &8e e*, he*4(men m+in +in li e( &) , (pe)i )+ll

g&+ (, )+Jle, +n4 (heep, in he igh Pl+ e+-( *egi&n7

Alge*i+'( )lim+ e +n4 pe*i&4i) *e( +*e n& )&n4-)i e & + h*i ing /&*e( * in4-( * 7 &8e e*,

Alge*i+ i( + p*&4-)e* &/ )&* +n4 Alepp& pine7 In 200= *&-n48&&4 *em& +l( & +le4 7! milli&n

)-.i) me e*(, 8hile (+8n8&&4 p*&4-) &n +m&-n e4 & &nl "% milli&n )-.i) me e*( pe* e+*7

Alge*i+'( (hing in4-( * 4&e( n& + e /-ll +4 +n +ge &/ he e4i e**+ne+n )&+( , in p+*

.e)+-(e (hing i( gene*+ll 4&ne /*&m (m+ll /+mil &8ne4 .&+ ( in( e+4 &/ l+*ge )&mme*)i+l

(hing *+8le*(7 &8e e*, he g& e*nmen i( +Jemp ng & .&&( he *el+ el (m+ll )+ )hQ

(ligh l m&*e h+n "2=,000 me *i) &n( in 200=Q. m&4e*ni3ing (hing p&* (, pe*mi ng

/&*eigne*( & (h in Alge*i+n 8+ e*(, +n4 (-.(i4i3ing (hing *el+ e4 p*& e) (7

Mining and Minerals: Alge*i+'( ini( * &/ Ene*g +n4 ine( i( *e(p&n(i.le /&* & e*(eeinghe n+ &n'( mine*+l p*&4-) &n7 S + e &8ne4 ( eel +n4 g&l4 p*&4-) &n )&mp+nie( 8e*e

p*i + 3e4 in 200" 27 In 200= he m+ &* p*&4-) ( &/ Alge*i+'( n&n ene*g mining (e) &* 8e*e +(

/&ll&8(: i*&n &*e "=", = g*&(( 8eigh me *i) &n(6< 3in) )&n)en *+ e( #,#?% me *i) &n(6*+n)e 22


20/35

pe*)en 6, I +l !7? pe*)en 6, Chin+ !7= pe*)en 6, Ge*m+n =79 pe*)en 6, Sp+in =79 pe*)en 6, he

Uni e4 S + e( #7! pe*)en 6, +n4 T-* e #7= pe*)en 67

)3ports: In 200 Alge*i+ eKp&* e4 USZ?%7% .illi&n, m&*e h+n 8i)e +( m-)h +( i imp&* e47

EKp&* ( +))&-n e4 /&* %0 pe*)en &/ g*&(( 4&me( ) p*&4-) GDP67 4*&)+*.&n p*&4-) (

)&n( - e4 + le+( 9= pe*)en &/ eKp&* e+*ning(7 The p*in)ip+l eKp&* ( 8e*e pe *&le-m,

n+ -*+l g+(, +n4 pe *&le-m p*&4-) (7 The &p eKp&* p+* ne*( 8e*e he Uni e4 S + e( 2 72

pe*)en 6, I +l " pe*)en 6, Sp+in 97 pe*)en 6, >*+n)e !7! pe*)en 6, C+n+4+ !7" pe*)en 6, +n4

Belgi-m #7% pe*)en 67 Alge*i+ (-pplie( 2= pe*)en &/ he E-*&pe+n Uni&n'( n+ -*+l g+( imp&* (7

%rade #alance:

In 200 Alge*i+ p&( e4 + p&(i e me*)h+n4i(e *+4e .+l+n)e &/ USZ% 72.illi&n7

#alance of Payments: In 200 Alge*i+ +)hie e4 + p&(i e )-**en +))&-n .+l+n)e &/

USZ%"7= .illi&n7 igh p*i)e( /&* Alge*i+'( ene*g eKp&* ( +*e he m+in 4*i e* /&* he

imp*& emen in he )-**en +))&-n .+l+n)e7

)3ternal $ebt: ReFe) ng ( *&ng &il eKp&* *e en-e(, eK e*n+l 4e. i( &n + 4&8n8+*4*+ e) &* 7 >&* eK+mple, he(e *e en-e( /+)ili + e4 e+*l *ep+ men ( &/ USZ900 milli&n in l&+n(

/*&m he A/*i)+n De el&pmen B+n +n4 S+-4i A*+.i+7 In +*)h 200?, Alge*i+'( p-*)h+(e &/ !

+i*)*+; /*&m R-((i+ le4 & he )+n)ell+ &n &/ Alge*i+'( en *e 4e. & R-((i+7 In 200? eK e*n+l

4e. 8+( e( m+ e4 + USZ#7# .illi&n, 4&8n /*&m USZ2%7= .illi&n in 200%7

Foreign In'estment: In 200? /&*eign 4i*e) in e( men >DI6 in Alge*i+ & +le4 USZ"7!

.illi&n7 The pe *&)hemi)+l, *+n(p&* , +n4 - li e( (e) &*( h+ e .een *e)en .ene )i+*ie( &/ >DI7>DI in & he &il (e) &* 8+( eKpe) e4 & *i(e +( + *e(-l &/ + h 4*&)+*.&n( l+8, +pp*& e4 in Ap*il

200= h+ )*e+ e4 + m&*e e en pl+ ing el4 /&* /&*eign &il )&mp+nie( & )&mpe e 8i h Alge*i+'(

( + e &8ne4 &il )&mp+n , S&n+ *+)h, /&* eKpl&*+ &n +n4 p*&4-) &n )&n *+) (7 Alge*i+ +l(& i(

(ee ing /&*eign in e( men in p&8e* +n4 8+ e* ( ( em(7


21/35

Foreign Aid: A( &/ A-g-( 200?, )-m-l+ e W&*l4 B+n +((i( +n)e & Alge*i+ & +le4 USZ=79

.illi&n, en)&mp+((ing 2 p*& e) (7 C-**en l , he W&*l4 B+n i( p-*(-ing (e en p*& e) (,

(pe)i )+ll .-4ge m&4e*ni3+ &n, m&* g+ge n+n)e, n+ -*+l 4i(+( e* *e)& e*, ene*g +n4

mining, *-*+l empl& men , ele)&mm-ni)+ &n(, +n4 *+n(p&* + &n7 In 200= e)&n&mi)

+((i( +n)e & Alge*i+ /*&m he Uni e4 S + e( +m&-n e4 & USZ#7# milli&n, m&( &/ 8hi)h 8+(

+J*i.- +.le & he i44le E+( P+* ne*(hip Ini + e EPI6 +n4 he *em+in4e* & In e*n+ &n+l

ili +* E4-)+ &n +n4 T*+ining I ET67 EPI en)&-*+ge( e)&n&mi), p&li )+l, +n4 e4-)+ &n+l

*e/&*m in he i44le E+( 7 In 200? I ET, 8hi)h p*& i4e( U7S7 mili +* *+ining & /&*eign *&&p(,

h+4 + .-4ge &/ USZ!2% milli&n7 In 200= he E-*&pe+n Uni&n )&n *i.- e4 USZ=! milli&n &

Alge*i+'( e)&n&mi) 4e el&pmen -n4e* he E-*& e4i e**+ne+n P+* ne*(hip7

Currency and )3change &ate: Alge*i+'( )-**en) i( he 4in+* D D67 The 4in+* i( l&&(el

lin e4 & he U7S7 4&ll+* in + m+n+ge4 F&+ 7 Alge*i+'( m+in eKp&* , )*-4e &il, i( p*i)e4 in 4&ll+*(,

8hile m&( &/ Alge*i+'( imp&* ( +*e p*i)e4 in e-*&(7 The*e/&*e, he g& e*nmen en4e+ &*( &

m+n+ge F-) -+ &n( in he +l-e &/ he 4in+*7 A( &/ Ap*il 200!, USZ" 8+( e5-i +len & +.&-

D D?#7?7

Alge*i+'( /&*eign )-**en) *e(e* e( h+ e g*&8n *+pi4l (in)e 2000, *eFe) ng *i(ing p*i)e( /&*eKp&* e4 &il7 A he en4 &/ 200 , /&*eign *e(e* e( & +le4 USZ997% .illi&n, -p /*&m USZ"2 .illi&n

in 2000 +n4 he e5-i +len &/ +lm&( /&-* e+*( &/ imp&* (7

Fiscal 4ear: C+len4+* e+*7


22/35

TRANSPORTATION AND

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

.'er'ie/: Sin)e in4epen4en)e in "9?2, Alge*i+'( *+n(p&* + &n ( ( em h+( .een negle) e47

The )&-n * h+( + e* limi e4 *&+4 ( ( em +n4 +n +n 5-+ e4 *+il ne 8&* h+ i( &*ien e4 m&*e

&8+*4 )+*g& h+n p+((enge* *+@)7 P&* +) i *e &l e( +*&-n4 he eKp&* &/ h 4*&)+*.&n(7 In

he ie8 &/ he W&*l4 B+n , Alge*i+'( +i* *+ el, *+il*&+4, +n4 .-( ( ( em( +*e && 4epen4en &ng& e*nmen (-.(i4ie(, in )&n *+( & he )&-n * '( p&* ( +n4 +i*p&* (, 8hi)h &pe*+ e (el/

(-@)ien l7 A ( + e &8ne4 +i*line /+)e( 4imini(he4 p*i + e )&mpe &n7 Alge*i+'(

ele)&mm-ni)+ &n( ( ( em i( +l(& -n4e*4e el&pe4, p+* )-l+*l in *-*+l +*e+(7

&oads: Alge*i+ h+( "0 ,000 il&me e*( &/ *&+4(, 2 pe*)en &/ 8hi)h +*e p+ e47 R&+4

)&n4i &n( +*e p&&* +( + *e(-l &/ + l+) &/ m+in en+n)e7 An e+( 8e( eKp*e((8+ i( pl+nne4,

8i h m&( )&n( *-) &n eKpe) e4 & .e )&mple e4 . 20"07

&ailroads: Alge*i+n N+ &n+l R+il8+ ( S&)i N+ &n+le 4e( T*+n(p&* ( >e**& i+i*e(QSNT>6

m+n+ge( Alge*i+'( #,9#0 il&me e* *+il ne 8&* , 8hi)h (- e*( /*&m m&( l +n 5-+ e4 *&lling

( &) , p&&* (ign+ling e5-ipmen , +n4 l&8 8&* e* p*&4-) i 7 In 200" SNT> p-*)h+(e4 "= ne8

l&)&m& e( /*&m Gene*+l & &*(7 A m&( %00 il&me e*( &/ .*&+4 g+-ge *+) , 4e4i)+ e4 &

)+*g& *+@) .e 8een i*&n &*e mine( +n4 he p&* &/ Ann+.+, +*e ele) *i e47 R+il line( (e* i)e

Algie*(, m+ &* )i e( +l&ng he e4i e**+ne+n )&+( , +n4 he .&*4e* 8i h T-ni(i+7 Te**&*i(m+g+in( he *+il ( ( em le4 & + 4e)line in he n-m.e* &/ p+((enge*( )+**ie4, he 4i( +n)e

*+ ele4 . p+((enge*(, +n4 he +m&-n &/ /*eigh )+**ie4 4-*ing he l+ e "990(7 In Algie*( +

2?7= il&me e* me *& line h+( .een -n4e* )&n( *-) &n (in)e "99" +n4 i( ()he4-le4 & &pen

.eginning in 200!7


23/35

Ports: Alge*i+ h+( he /&ll&8ing e4i e**+ne+n p&* (: Algie*(, Ann+.+, A*3e8, Be +H+, Dell (,

Gh+3+&-e , 1i el, &( +g+nem, e*( el e.i*, O*+n, +n4 S i 4+7 The .-(ie( p&* . /+* i( A*3e8,

8hi)h h+n4le( +.&- #0 pe*)en &/ Alge*i+n )*-4e &il eKp&* (< S i 4+ h+( he (e)&n4 l+*ge(

(h+*e7 Alge*i+ pl+n( & eKp+n4 he pe *&)hemi)+l /+)ili e( + A*3e8, .- in gene*+l he p&*

(e) &* (- e*( /*&m + l+) &/ in e( men in )&n +ine* h+n4ling +n4 & he* e5-ipmen 7

Inland ater/ays : Alge*i+ h+( n& n+ ig+.le inl+n4 8+ e*8+ (7

Ci'il A'iation and Airports: Alge*i+ h+( "% +i*p&* (, =% &/ 8hi)h h+ e pe*m+nen

(-*/+)e(7 The )&-n * '( p*in)ip+l in e*n+ &n+l +i*p&* i( Algie*( &-+*i B&-me4iene Ai*p&* 7 In200? he +i*p&* &pene4 + ne8 e*min+l /&* in e*n+ &n+l &pe*+ &n( 8i h +n +nn-+l )+p+)i &/

? milli&n p+((enge*(7 Alge*i+'( p*im+* +i*line i( ( + e &8ne4 Ai* Alg *ie, 8hi)h 4&min+ e( he

(e) &* in (pi e &/ )&mpe &n /*&m eigh p*i + e +i*line(, n& +.l in)l-4ing h+li/+ Ai*8+ (,

8hi)h h+( + hi( &* &/ n+n)i+l 4i@)-l e(7

Pipelines: The ( + e &8ne4 Alge*i+n &il )&mp+n, S&n+ *+)h, m+n+ge( m&*e h+n 2,#00

il&me e*( &/ )*-4e &il pipeline(7 The l&nge( pipeline )+**ie( &il !0= il&me e*( /*&m he +((ie((+&-4 &il el4 & he p&* &/ A*3e87 S&n+ *+)h i( .-il4ing + p+*+llel pipeline & m&*e h+n

4&-.le )+p+)i 7 The &nl &il pipeline h+ )*&((e( in & +n& he* )&-n * *-n( 2= il&me e*(

/*&m he In Amen+( &il el4 & he T-ni(i+n eKp&* e*min+l + L+ S hi*+7 A ne 8&* &/ n+ -*+l

g+( pipeline( em+n+ e( /*&m he +((i R' el n+ -*+l g+( el47 T8& pipeline( )+** n+ -*+l g+(

/*&m Alge*i+ & E-*&pe: he ",0 ! il&me e* T*+n( e4i e**+ne+n Pipeline & I +l +n4 he

",?09 il&me e* +gh*e. E-*&pe G+( Pipeline & Sp+in7 A44i &n+l n+ -*+l g+( pipeline( &

E-*&pe +*e pl+nne47 The(e +44i &n( (h&-l4 eKp+n4 Alge*i+'( g+( eKp&* )+p+)i & I +l /*&m%0 .illi&n )-.i) me e*( in 200= & !! .illi&n )-.i) me e*( in 20"0< g+( eKp&* )+p+)i & Sp+in i(

eKpe) e4 & g*&8 /*&m "2 .illi&n )-.i) me e*( & #0 .illi&n )-.i) me e*( & e* he (+me in e* +l7

>-* he*m&*e, Alge*i+ +n4 Nige*i+ h+ e p*&p&(e4 he )&n( *-) &n &/ + #,%00 il&me e* *+n(

S+h+*+n n+ -*+l g+( pipeline /*&m Nige*i+ i+ Alge*i+ +n4 -n4e* he e4i e**+ne+n Se+ &


24/35

E-*&pe, 8i h + +*ge 4+ e &/ 20"=7

%elecommunications: O- (i4e &/ he -*.+n n&* h, Alge*i+'( ele)&mm-ni)+ &n( ne 8&* i(

-n4e*4e el&pe4, +n4 in gene*+l &8ne*(hip &/ eleph&ne(, )&mp- e*(, ele i(i&n(, +n4 *+4i&( i(

e* limi e47 A))&*4ing & he W&*l4 B+n , i + e( +n + e*+ge &/ " # 4+ ( & (e)-*e + eleph&ne

line in Alge*i+, he (e)&n4 l&nge( me +m&ng =" 4e el&ping )&-n *ie( (-* e e47 &8e e*, he

ele)&mm-ni)+ &n( (e) &* h+( .eg-n & eKp+n4 (in)e he g& e*nmen +- h&*i3e4 he

p*i + 3+ &n &/ he (e) &* in 20007 In +))&*4+n)e 8i h hi( p&li) , Alg *ie T l )&m, + ne8 &in

( &) )&mp+n , +((-me4 )&n *&l &/ Ke4 line +n4 m&.ile eleph&ne (e* i)e /*&m he ini( * &/

P&( ( +n4 Tele)&mm-ni)+ &n(, 8hi)h 8ill .e *e(p&n(i.le /&* *eg-l+ ng he (e) &*7

In 200= Alge*i+ h+4 +n + e*+ge &/ ! eleph&ne m+inline( +n4 #"? m&.ile (-.()*i.e*( pe* ",000

pe&ple7 Teleph&ne (e* i)e i( .eJe* in he n&* h, p+* )-l+*l in -*.+n +*e+(, h+n in he *-*+l

(&- h, 8he*e i i( (p+*(e7 In 200= (&me !! pe*)en &/ Alge*i+n h&-(eh&l4( h+4 ele i(i&n (e (7 In

"999 he*e 8e*e #? ele i(i&n .*&+4)+( ( + &n(, pl-( 2"? *epe+ e*(, +( 8ell +( 2= A , &ne > ,

+n4 eigh (h&* 8+ e *+4i& ( + &n(7 In De)em.e* 200 , )&mme*)i+l &pe*+ &*( +nn&-n)e4 hei*

in en &n & l+-n)h (+ elli e .*&+4)+( ng &/ h*ee ele i(i&n )h+nnel( +n4 /&-* *+4i& ( + &n( in

200!7 In 200= Alge*i+ h+4 "" pe*(&n+l )&mp- e*( +n4 =! In e*ne -(e*( pe* ",000 pe&ple,*e(pe) el 7 In 200 he )&-n * h+4 2,0 In e*ne h&( (7 In 200= +n Alge*i+n In e*ne (e* i)e

p*& i4e* .eg+n & m+n-/+) -*e l+p &p )&mp- e*(, (e ng he p*&4-) &n g&+l &/ " milli&n pe*

e+*7


25/35

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

+o'ernment .'er'ie/: The Alge*i+n g& e*nmen i( + m-l p+* *ep-.li) 8i h +

)&n( - &n +n4 + ( *&ng p*e(i4en) 7 In "992 Alge*i+'( mili +* le4 g& e*nmen )+n)ele4 he

(e)&n4 *&-n4 &/ n+ &n+l legi(l+ e ele) &n( /&ll&8ing he & e*8helming (-))e(( &/ +n I(l+mi(

p+* in he *( *&-n47 Thi( +) &n le4 & + p&p-l+* *e &l h+ -l m+ el )&( he li e( &/ +(

m+n +( "=0,000 pe&ple7 In he e+*l 2000(, he g& e*nmen & e*e4 +mne( & he *e.el(*en)h -*i(p*-4en)e h+(

n& .een &.(e* e4 (in)e "9 =7 A))&*4ing & he )&n( - &n, 4e/en4+n ( +*e en le4 & + p-.li)

*i+l, 4-*ing 8hi)h he +*e p*e(-me4 inn&)en , he m+ )&n/*&n 8i ne((e(, +n4 he m+

p*e(en e i4en)e7 The +l(& h+ e he *igh & +ppe+l he e*4i) 7 De(pi e he(e )&n( - &n+lp*& e) &n(, 4e/en4+n (, p+* )-l+*l 8&men, +*e (&me me( 4enie4 4-e p*&)e((, in)l-4ing he

&pp&* -ni & eK+mine g& e*nmen e i4en)e, +))&*4ing & he U7S7 Dep+* men &/ S + e7

)lectoral System : Uni e*(+l (- *+ge +pplie( + +ge "!7 P*e(i4en +l ele) &n(, 8hi)h +*e hel4

e e* e e+*(, +*e neK ()he4-le4 /&* Ap*il 20097 Legi(l+ e ele) &n(, +l(& hel4 e e* e

e+*(, 8e*e hel4 &n ()he4-le in + 200 7 Th*ee p+* e( +llie4 8i h P*e(i4en B&- eFi + 8&n +

& +l &/ 2#9 &- &/ %!9 (e+ ( in he N+ &n+l Pe&ple'( A((em.l 7

Politics and Political Parties : The ini( * &/ In e*i&* m-( +pp*& e +ll p&li )+l p+* e(,

+n4, +))&*4ing & he )&n( - &n, mem.e*(hip m+ n& .e .+(e4 &n 4i e*en)e( in *eligi&n,

l+ng-+ge, *+)e, gen4e*, &* *egi&n7M The m&( inF-en +l p&li )+l p+* i( he N+ &n+l Li.e*+ &n

>*&n >*&n 4e Li.e*+ &n N+ &n+leQ>LN6, 8hi)h h&l4( "%? &- &/ %!9 (e+ ( in he N+ &n+l

Pe&ple'( A((em.l 7 P*e(i4en A.4el+3i3 B&- eFi + 4&e( n& &@)i+ll .el&ng & +n p&li )+l

p+* , .- he i( h&n&*+* )h+i*m+n &/ he >LN7 In >e.*-+* 200=, he >LN & e4 & (-pp&*B&- eFi + +;e* + 4i((i4en /+) &n +g*ee4 & 4*&p &pp&(i &n & hi( p&li)ie(7 O he* m+ &* p+* e(

+*e he >*&n &/ S&)i+li( >&*)e(, he & emen /&* N+ &n+l Re/&*m, he & emen &/ S&)ie

/&* Pe+)e, +n4 he N+ &n+l R+ll /&* Dem&)*+) 7 In "992 he g& e*nmen &- l+8e4 he I(l+mi)

S+l + &n >*&n 7 Al &ge he*, Alge*i+ h+( +.&- #0 p&li )+l p+* e(7


28/35

Mass Media: Alge*i+ h+( m&*e h+n #= in4epen4en >*en)h l+ng-+ge +n4 A*+.i) l+ng-+ge

p-.li)+ &n( +( 8ell +( /&-* g& e*nmen &8ne4 ne8(p+pe*( 8& p-.li(he4 in >*en)h +n4 8&

in A*+.i)6, .- he g& e*nmen )&n *&l( +ll p*in ng p*e((e( +n4 +4 e* (ing7 The ne8(p+pe*(

8i h he l+*ge( )i*)-l+ &n( +*e El-Khabar =%0,0006, Quo dien dOran "9=,0006, +n4 Libert

"20,0006< +ll h*ee +*e empl& ee &8ne47 The g& e*nmen +l(& &8n( +ll *+4i& +n4 ele i(i&n

&- le (, 8hi)h p*& i4e p*& g& e*nmen p*&g*+mming7 In 200# +n4 200=, he g& e*nmen

in)*e+(e4 he +))e(( &/ Be*.e* l+ng-+ge +n4 )-l -*e & .& h p*in +n4 .*&+4)+( me4i+7

In gene*+l, he ( + e eKe*)i(e( )&n(i4e*+.le )&n *&l & e* Alge*i+'( m+(( me4i+, +n4 h+*+((men

&/ he p*e(( in)*e+(e4 /&ll&8ing P*e(i4en B&- eFi +'( *e ele) &n in Ap*il 200#7 The p*in me4i+p*+) )e (el/ )en(&*(hip & + &i4 +*i&-( /&*m( &/ g& e*nmen p*e((-*e, in)l-4ing 4e/+m+ &n

l+8(-i ( +n4 he p& en +l 8i hh&l4ing &/ ( + e )&n *&lle4 +4 e* (ing7 In 200# 8& ne8(p+pe*(

8e*e )l&(e4 &* (-(pen4e4 & e* 4e. ( &8e4 he ( + e &8ne4 p*in ng )&mp+n 7 In i ( 200

!reedom o" the #ress *ep&* , >*ee4&m &-(e )l+((i e4 Alge*i+ +( n& /*ee,M *eFe) ng he

g& e*nmen '( p&li) &/ h+*+((ing, in mi4+ ng, +n4 (&me me( imp*i(&ning &-*n+li( (7 D-*ing

he )i il ( *i/e /*&m "99% & "99 , m&( l I(l+mi( /+) &n( m-*4e*e4 (&me = &-*n+li( (7

Foreign &elations: Alge*i+ m+in +in( 4ipl&m+ ) *el+ &n( 8i h m&*e h+n "00 )&-n *ie(7

>*&m 1+n-+* 200# -n l De)em.e* 200=, Alge*i+ hel4 + n&n pe*m+nen , *& + ng (e+ &n he

Uni e4 N+ &n( Se)-*i C&-n)il7 Alge*i+ +n4 he Uni e4 S + e( h+ e + (&me8h+ +m.i +len

*el+ &n(hip, .- he 8& )&-n *ie( /&*me4 ( *+ egi) e( in he .+Jle +g+in( *+4i)+l I(l+m

/&ll&8ing he Sep em.e* "", 200", e**&*i( +J+) ( &n he Uni e4 S + e(7 Rel+ &n( .e 8een

Alge*i+ +n4 >*+n)e +l(& +*e +m.i +len .e)+-(e &/ he miKe4 leg+) &/ >*en)h )&l&ni+li(m7

&8e e*, he >*en)h l+ng-+ge *em+in( inF-en +l, +n4 >*+n)e i( + m+ &* *+4ing p+* ne* /&*Alge*i+7 In De)em.e* 200 , Alge*i+ +n4 >*+n)e (igne4 + ne8 +g*eemen /&* ()ien ) +n4

)-l -*+l )&&pe*+ &n7 The +l(& +g*ee4 & )&&pe*+ e in he 4e el&pmen &/ n-)le+* ene*g /&*

)i ili+n -(e(7 In A/*i)+, Alge*i+'( 4ipl&m+ ) ini + e( in)l-4e h&( ng pe+)e +l ( .e 8een

E hi&pi+ +n4 E*i *e+ in 2000, )&&pe*+ ng 8i h Eg p , Nige*i+, Seneg+l, +n4 S&- h A/*i)+ &n he


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Ne8 P+* ne*(hip /&* A/*i)+'( De el&pmen +n A/*i)+n Uni&n 4e el&pmen ini + e6, +n4

p*&m& ng he A*+. +gh*e. Uni&n +n e)&n&mi) .l&) en)&mp+((ing Alge*i+, Li. +,

+-*i +ni+, &*&))&, +n4 T-ni(i+67 Alge*i+ (-pp&* ( he P&li(+*i&, + We( e*n S+h+*+

in4epen4en)e m& emen , . p*& i4ing i 8i h (+n) -+* in (&- h8e( e*n Alge*i+7 The .&*4e*

*egi&n .e 8een &*&))& +n4 Alge*i+ h+( .een he (i e &/ e**&*i( i&len)e7 Al h&-gh &*&))&

li;e4 i(+ *e5-i*emen ( /&* Alge*i+n( in 200#, Alge*i+ h+( 4e)line4 & *e)ip*&)+ e7 In he i44le

E+( , Alge*i+ +4 &)+ e( he P+le( ni+n )+-(e7

Membership in International .rgani"ations : Alge*i+ .el&ng( & he /&ll&8ing

in e*n+ &n+l &*g+ni3+ &n(: A/*i)+n De el&pmen B+n , A/*i)+n Uni&n, A*+. B+n /&* E)&n&mi)

De el&pmen in A/*i)+, A*+. >-n4 /&* E)&n&mi) +n4 S&)i+l De el&pmen , A*+. +gh*e. Uni&n,A*+. &ne +* >-n4, B+n /&* In e*n+ &n+l SeJlemen (, >&&4 +n4 Ag*i)-l -*e O*g+ni3+ &n,

G*&-p &/ "=, G*&-p &/ 2#, G*&-p &/ , In e*n+ &n+l A &mi) Ene*g Agen) , In e*n+ &n+l B+n

/&* Re)&n( *-) &n +n4 De el&pmen W&*l4 B+n 6, In e*n+ &n+l Ch+m.e* &/ C&mme*)e,

In e*n+ &n+l Ci il A i+ &n O*g+ni3+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l C&n/e4e*+ &n &/ >*ee T*+4e Uni&n(,

In e*n+ &n+l C*imin+l C&-* (ign+ &* 6, In e*n+ &n+l C*imin+l P&li)e O*g+ni3+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l

De el&pmen A((&)i+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l >e4e*+ &n &/ Re4 C*&(( +n4 Re4 C*e()en S&)ie e(,

In e*n+ &n+l >in+n)e C&*p&*+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l >-n4 /&* Ag*i)-l -*+l De el&pmen ,In e*n+ &n+l 4*&g*+phi) O*g+ni3+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l L+.&-* O*g+ni3+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l

+*i me O*g+ni3+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l &ne +* >-n4, In e*n+ &n+l Ol mpi) C&mmiJee,

In e*n+ &n+l O*g+ni3+ &n /&* ig*+ &n, In e*n+ &n+l O*g+ni3+ &n /&* S +n4+*4i3+ &n,

In e*n+ &n+l Re4 C*&(( +n4 Re4 C*e()en & emen , In e*n+ &n+l Tele)&mm-ni)+ &n Uni&n,

I(l+mi) De el&pmen B+n , Le+g-e &/ A*+. S + e(, -l l+ e*+l In e( men Ge&g*+phi) Agen) ,

N&n+ligne4 & emen , O*g+ni(+ &n /&* he P*&hi.i &n &/ Chemi)+l We+p&n(, O*g+ni3+ &n /&*

Se)-*i +n4 C& &pe*+ &n in E-*&pe p+* ne*6, O*g+ni3+ &n &/ Ame*i)+n S + e( &.(e* e*6,O*g+ni3+ &n &/ A*+. Pe *&le-m EKp&* ng C&-n *ie(, O*g+ni3+ &n &/ he I(l+mi) C&n/e*en)e,

O*g+ni3+ &n &/ he Pe *&le-m EKp&* ng C&-n *ie(, Uni e4 N+ &n(, Uni e4 N+ &n( C&n/e*en)e

&n T*+4e +n4 De el&pmen , Uni e4 N+ &n( E4-)+ &n+l, S)ien ) +n4 C-l -*+l O*g+ni3+ &n,

Uni e4 N+ &n( igh C&mmi((i&ne* /&* Re/-gee(, Uni e4 N+ &n( In4-( *i+l De el&pmen


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O*g+ni3+ &n, Uni e*(+l P&( +l Uni&n, W&*l4 C-( &m( O*g+ni3+ &n, W&*l4 e+l h O*g+ni3+ &n,

W&*l4 In elle) -+l P*&pe* O*g+ni3+ &n, W&*l4 e e&*&l&gi)+l O*g+ni3+ &n, W&*l4 T&-*i(m

O*g+ni3+ &n, +n4 W&*l4 T*+4e O*g+ni3+ &n &.(e* e*67

Major International %reaties : In he +*e+ &/ +*m( )&n *&l, Alge*i+ i( + p+* & he

/&ll&8ing )&n en &n(: Bi&l&gi)+l We+p&n(, Chemi)+l We+p&n(, N-)le+* N&np*&li/e*+ &n, +n4

P+* +l Te( B+n7 Alge*i+ h+( (igne4, .- n& *+ e4, he N-)le+* Te( B+n T*e+ +n4 he Gene +

P*& &)&l7 Reg+*4ing he en i*&nmen , Alge*i+ i( + p+* & he /&ll&8ing )&n en &n(:

Bi&4i e*(i , Clim+ e Ch+nge, De(e* )+ &n, En4+nge*e4 Spe)ie(, En i*&nmen +l &4i )+ &n,

L+8 &/ he Se+, O3&ne L+ e* P*& e) &n, Ship P&ll- &n, +n4 We l+n4(7 In he +*e+ &/

)&-n e* e**&*i(m, Alge*i+ i( + p+* & he /&ll&8ing )&n en &n(: S-pp*e((i&n &/ he >in+n)ing&/ Te**&*i(m, S-pp*e((i&n &/ Te**&*i( B&m.ing(, +* ing &/ Pl+( ) EKpl&(i e( /&* he P-*p&(e &/

De e) &n, Ag+in( he T+ ing &/ &( +ge(, O en)e( +n4 Ce* +in O he* A) ( C&mmiJe4 &n B&+*4

Ai*)*+;, S-pp*e((i&n &/ Unl+8/-l Sei3-*e &/ Ai*)*+;, S-pp*e((i&n &/ Unl+8/-l A) ( +g+in( he

S+/e &/ Ci il A i+ &n, P*& &)&l &n he S-pp*e((i&n &/ Unl+8/-l A) ( &/ Vi&len)e + Ai*p&* (

Se* ing In e*n+ &n+l Ci il A i+ &n, S-pp*e((i&n &/ Unl+8/-l A) ( +g+in( he S+/e &/ +*i me

N+ ig+ &n, +n4 P*e en &n +n4 P-ni(hmen &/ C*ime( +g+in( In e*n+ &n+ll P*& e) e4 Pe*(&n(,

in)l-4ing Dipl&m+ ) Agen (7

NATIONAL SECURITY


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Armed Forces .'er'ie/ : Alge*i+'( mili +* , p+*+mili +* , +n4 p&li)e /&*)e( +*e m&*e

)&n)e*ne4 +.&- +n in e*n+l h*e+ /*&m I(l+mi) eK *emi( ( h+n + 4e n+.le eK e*n+l h*e+ 7 The

mili +* i( +Jemp ng & )&n *&l he in e*n+l h*e+ h*&-gh &pe*+ &n+l +n4 (-* eill+n)e

+) i e(7 R-((i+ h+( (-pplie4 m&( &/ he mili +* '( e5-ipmen 7

Foreign Military &elations: Alge*i+'( le+4ing +*m( (-pplie* i( R-((i+, +n4 he (e)&n4 m&(

imp&* +n (-pplie* i( Chin+7 In +*)h 200?, Alge*i+ p-*)h+(e4 ! +i*)*+; /*&m R-((i+, le+4ing &

he )+n)ell+ &n &/ Alge*i+'( en *e 4e. & R-((i+7 The Uni e4 S + e( h+( .een *el-) +n &

p*& i4e Alge*i+ 8i h +*m(, +l h&-gh he 8& n+ &n( .eg+n + 4i+l&g-e &n mili +* *el+ &n( in

200#7 The Uni e4 S + e( *+in( Alge*i+n *&&p( -n4e* he In e*n+ &n+l ili +* E4-)+ &n +n4T*+ining I ET6 p*&g*+m7

)3ternal %hreat: Alge*i+ 4&e( n& /+)e + )le+*l 4e ne4 eK e*n+l h*e+ 7 The&*e )+ll ,

Alge*i+ )&-l4 .e)&me em.*&ile4 in + (e*i&-( 4i(p- e 8i h neigh.&*ing &*&))& & e* Alge*i+'(

(-pp&* /&* he P&li(+*i& >*&n , + We( e*n S+h+*+n in4epen4en)e m& emen 7

$efense #udget: In 200? Alge*i+'( 4e/en(e eKpen4i -*e( & +le4 +.&- USZ% .illi&n,)&**e(p&n4ing & +.&- % pe*)en &/ g*&(( 4&me( ) p*&4-) GDP67

Major Military (nits: Alge*i+'( +) e 4- mili +* )&n(i( ( &/ "20,000 in he +*m

in)l-4ing =,000 )&n()*ip (6, ,=00 in he n+ +n4 )&+( g-+*4, +n4 "0,000 in he +i* /&*)e7 In

+44i &n & +) e 4- pe*(&nnel, Alge*i+ h+( +.&- "=0,000 mili +* *e(e* e( +((igne4 & he

+*m 7 The +*m i( &*g+ni3e4 in (iK mili +* *egi&n(7 P&((i.le *e&*g+ni3+ &n in & + 4i i(i&n+l

( *-) -*e i( &n h&l47 + &* +*m -ni ( in)l-4e 8& +*m&*e4 4i i(i&n(, h*ee me)h+ni3e44i i(i&n(, &ne +i*.&*ne 4i i(i&n, &ne in4epen4en +*m&*e4 .*ig+4e, +n4 e in4epen4en

me)h+ni3e4 in/+n * .*ig+4e(7 A44i &n+l .+J+li&n( +*e +( /&ll&8(: 20 in4epen4en in/+n *, 8&

+* lle* , e +i* 4e/en(e, +n4 (iK +n +i*)*+; +* lle* 7 The +i* /&*)e i( &*g+ni3e4 in e

gh e*$g*&-n4 +J+) (5-+4*&n(, eigh gh e* (5-+4*&n(, 8& *e)&nn+i((+n)e (5-+4*&n(, 8&


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m+*i me p+ *&l (5-+4*&n(, 8& *+n(p&* (5-+4*&n(, &ne +n e* (5-+4*&n, /&-* +J+)

heli)&p e* (5-+4*&n(, (e en *+n(p&* heli)&p e* (5-+4*&n(, +n4 "0 *+ining (5-+4*&n(7 The

n+ +n4 )&+( g-+*4 h+ e .+(e( + e*( el e.i*, Algie*(, Ann+.+, +n4 1i el7

Major Military )6uipment: A))&*4ing & he m&( *e)en i((-e &/ $he %ilitary &alance ,

p-.li(he4 +nn-+ll . he In e*n+ &n+l In( - e /&* Se)-*i S -4ie(, Alge*i+'( +*m h+( he

/&ll&8ing e5-ipmen : 920 m+in .+Jle +n (, "%9 *e)&nn+i((+n)e ehi)le(, ",0!# +*m&*e4

in/+n * gh ng ehi)le(, 9"0 +*m&*e4 pe*(&nnel )+**ie*(, % = &8e4 +* lle* , " 0 (el/

p*&pelle4 +* lle* , "## m-l ple *&) e l+-n)he*(, %%0 m&* +*(, +n -n(pe)i e4 n-m.e* &/

+n +n g-i4e4 8e+p&n(, "!0 *e)&ille(( l+-n)he*(, %00 +n +n g-n(, + le+( 2!! (-*/+)e & +i*

mi((ile(, +.&- ! = +i* 4e/en(e g-n(, +n4 +n -n(pe)i e4 n-m.e* &/ (-*/+)e & +i* mi((ile(7 Then+ h+( 8& (-.m+*ine(, nine p*in)ip+l (-*/+)e )&m.+ +n (, 22 p+ *&l +n4 )&+( +l )&m.+ +n (,

h*ee +mphi.i&-( )*+;, +n4 h*ee l&gi( )( +n4 (-pp&* )*+;7 The +i* /&*)e h+( 20# )&m.+

+i*)*+; +n4 %% +J+) heli)&p e*(7

Military Ser'ice: ili +* (e* i)e i( )&mp-l(&* /&* m+le( +ge4 "9 %07 The e*m &/ (e* i)e i(

"! m&n h(, )&n(i( ng &/ (iK m&n h( &/ .+(i) *+ining +n4 "2 m&n h( &/ )i il p*& e) (7

Paramilitary Forces: Alge*i+'( p+*+mili +* /&*)e( in)l-4e he 20,000 mem.e* Gen4+*me*ie

N+ &n+le, 8hi)h i( (-.&*4in+ e & he ini( * &/ N+ &n+l De/en(e< he ",200 mem.e*

Rep-.li)+n G-+*4, +n eli e )&*p( &/ he Gen4+*me*ie N+ &n+le< +n e( m+ e4 "?,000 n+ &n+l

(e)-*i /&*)e( in he Gene*+l Di*e) &*+ e &/ N+ &n+l Se)-*i -n4e* he ini( * &/ In e*i&**&n 7 Rel+ e4 e**&*i(m, 8hi)h )&( he li e(

&/ +( m+n +( "=0,000 pe&ple, h+( +.+ e4 (in)e he g& e*nmen .eg+n & & e* +mne( &

*e.el(7 Be*.e* -n*e( +l(& *em+in( + )&n)e*n +n4 pe*i&4i)+ll m+ni/e( ( i (el/ in he /&*m &/

4em&n( *+ &n( & p*& e( *e( *i) &n( &n e hni), )-l -*+l, +n4 ling-i( ) *igh (7

%errorism: Al \+e4+ in he I(l+mi) +gh*e. A\I 6 i( he (-))e((&* &*g+ni3+ &n & he

S+l+ ( G*&-p /&* P*e+)hing +n4 C&m.+ G*&-pe S+l+ ( e p&-* l+ P* 4i)+ &n e le C&m.+ Q

GSPC6, &ne &/ 8& g*&-p( h+ h+4 .een )&mpe ng /&* inF-en)e in Alge*i+7 The & he* 8+( he

A*me4 I(l+mi) G*&-p G*&-pe I(l+mi5-e A*m QGIA67 Al \+e4+ 8+( in( *-men +l in e( +.li(hing

he GSPC +( +n +l e*n+ e & he GIA, 8hi)h )&n n-e( & &pe*+ e in + 4imini(he4 /&*m7 In "99?

O(+m+ .in L+4en en)&-*+ge4 he GSPC & .*e+ +8+ /*&m he GIA .e)+-(e he 4i(+pp*& e4 &/

he GIA'( eK *emel -np&p-l+* p&li) &/ m+((+)*ing -(lim )i ili+n( 8h& 8e*e n& ih+4i( (7 BinL+4en (h+*e( he GSPC'( S+l+ ( .elie/(, 8hi)h +4 &)+ e + *e( &*+ &n &/ he ( *ingen /&*m &/

S-nni I(l+m p*+) )e4 . )&mp+ni&n( &/ he P*&phe -h+mm+47 Al h&-gh + &i4ing 8+n &n

i&len)e +g+in( )i ili+n(, he GSPC +*ge ( he (e)-*i (e* i)e( &/ Alge*i+'( (e)-l+* g& e*nmen 7

In &ne n& &*i&-( in)i4en in 200%, he GSPC (ei3e4 E-*&pe+n &-*i( ( i(i ng he S+h+*+ De(e* 7


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>&-* een &/ he h&( +ge( 8e*e *ele+(e4 +;e* m&*e h+n e m&n h( in eK)h+nge /&* *+n(&m

p+i4 . he Ge*m+n g& e*nmen < he ;een h h&( +ge 4ie4 8hile in )-( &4 7

A;e* "992 e**&*i(m F+*e4 8hen he g& e*nmen )+n)ele4 he (e)&n4 *&-n4 &/ ele) &n( in

8hi)h +n I(l+mi( p+* , he I(l+mi) S+l + &n >*&n , hel4 + (-.( +n +l le+4 +;e* he *( *&-n47

En(-ing )i il ( *i/e le4 & he 4e+ h &/ +( m+n +( "=0,000 pe&ple7 In he e+*l 2000(, he

g& e*nmen & e*e4 +mne( & he *e.el(< i&len)e h+( (in)e +.+ e4, .- + ( + e &/ eme*gen)

)&n n-e(7 P*e(i4en B&- eFi +, 8h& 8+( *e ele) e4 in Ap*il 200#, en & ( .*&+4 (-pp&*

.e)+-(e &/ he (-))e(( &/ hi( +mne( p*&g*+m( in -(he*ing in + pe*i&4 &/ *el+ e ( +.ili 7 In

Sep em.e* 200=, B&- eFi +'( +pp*&+)h 8+( &n)e +g+in en4&*(e4 8hen + p&p-l+* *e/e*en4-m

&n he Ch+* e* /&* Pe+)e +n4 N+ &n+l Re)&n)ili+ &n p+((e4 . +n & e*8helming m+*gin7 The

)h+* e* p*& i4e( /&* + )&n n-ing +mne( p*&g*+m /&* +ll .- he m&( i&len in(-*gen (,

eK&ne*+ &n &/ he (e)-*i (e* i)e( /&* +llege4 mi(4ee4( in gh ng he in(-*gen) , +n4

)&mpen(+ &n /&* he i) m( &/ i&len)e7

Human &ights: In i ( +nn-+l )&-n * *ep&* &n h-m+n *igh ( p*+) )e( *ele+(e4 +*)h 200!,

he U7S7 Dep+* men &/ S + e n& e4 he pe*(i( en)e &/ + n-m.e* &/ h-m+n *igh ( p*&.lem( in

Alge*i+7 C&n n-ing p*&.lem( li( e4 in he *ep&* in)l-4e /+il-*e & +))&-n /&* p+(4i(+ppe+*+n)e(< +llege4 in)i4en)e( &/ +.-(e +n4 &* -*e &/ 4e +inee(< &@)i+l imp-ni , +*.i *+*

+**e( +n4 p*&l&nge4 p*e *i+l 4e en &n< 4eni+l &/ 4-e p*&)e(( +n4 /+i* *i+l(< limi e4 -4i)i+l

in4epen4en)e< *e( *i) &n( &n )i il li.e* e( (-)h +( /*ee4&m( &/ (pee)h, *eligi&n, p*e((, +n4

+((em.l < g& e*nmen )&**-p &n< +n4 4i()*imin+ &n +g+in( 8&men +n4 min&*i e(7 A))&*4ing

& T*+n(p+*en) In e*n+ &n+l'( C&**-p &n Pe*)ep &n( In4eK, Alge*i+ *+n e4 99 &- &/ " 9

)&-n *ie( in *+n(p+*en) in 200 7

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1) 8887ei+74&e7g& 7
http://www.eia.doe.gov/http://www.eia.doe.gov/


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2) hJp:$$*(?7l&)7g& $/*4$)($43 &)7h ml3) 88878e/&*-m7&*g$p4/$ &-*i(m$Alge*i+7p4/ 4) 88874&ing.-(ine((7&*g$D&)-men ($C&-n * P*& le($D A7p4/ 5) 8887+/*&78h&7in $m+l+*i+$)&-n * p*& le$+lge*i+7p4/
http://rs6.loc.gov/frd/cs/dztoc.htmlhttp://www.weforum.org/pdf/tourism/Algeria.pdfhttp://www.doingbusiness.org/Documents/CountryProfiles/DZA.pdfhttp://www.afro.who.int/malaria/country-profile/algeria.pdfhttp://rs6.loc.gov/frd/cs/dztoc.htmlhttp://www.weforum.org/pdf/tourism/Algeria.pdfhttp://www.doingbusiness.org/Documents/CountryProfiles/DZA.pdfhttp://www.afro.who.int/malaria/country-profile/algeria.pdf

Algeria - Country Analysis

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