RHODOPHYTABangiophyceaeCompsopogonophyceaeRhodellophyceaeStylonematophyceaeFlorideophyceaePorphyridiophyceaeCyanidiophyceae

6136 especies (160 especies – Perú. Acleto,1988)

Hábitat - Distribución

Aguas frías, 5 -10º (hemisferio sur)Intermareal hasta 200 m

Niveles de OrganizaciónPared Celular

Inner Cellulose WallRandom Cellulose FibrilsGranular Matrix

Outer Sheath = Colloidal SubstancesAgarCarrageenanOthersCalcium Carbonate

These mucilages make up to 70% of dry weight of the cell wall.

They may protect from desiccation that could occur at low tides.

These substances may help otherwise flaccid organisms to become erect.This can have profound ecological significance as erect organisms can gain better access to PAR than prostrate species.

Coralline AlgaeThese precipitate Calcium Carbonate in their Outer Wall Layers. This forms a rigid extracellular matrix that contributes to the formation of Coral Reefs.

Plastidios

Pigmentos

Sustancia de reserva

Primary Pit Connections are always present.Secondary Pit Connections between adjacent cells occur with Larger Forms. This results in cytoplasmic continuity between the cells for a short time and then they are blocked by plugs. This has the effect of turning Filaments into Parenchyma-like tissue.

Pit Connections - Pit - Plug

Pit Connections

Pit - Plug

Primary pit-connectionsoriginate from divisions ofthe apical cells andtherefore occur onlybetween cells stemmingfrom the same apical cell.

Each filament has its individual apical cell which produces a uniseriate, central, axial filament that consists of individual elongate cells. "Primary" Branches are produced periodically along the central filament.There are many more branches that form next to each other along the central filament. Cell fusions occur in the Rhodophyta. This can occur after the cells are otherwise mature.This makes the separate branches appear to be one structure. The final product produces a flat 2-dimensional thalli like thallose liverworts or fern gametophytes.

Organización

The upper drawing shows the

Uniseriate Primary Axial Filament

and its Branches. The branches are

separate at this point.

The lower drawing shows the thallus

after additional branching and post

fusion of cells from different

branches.

Organización

The growth of each filament comes from a solitary Apical Cell.

Growth can be Uniaxial or Multiaxial

The most Complex Forms are Multiseriate and have several central filaments that branch. Branch filaments can be fused laterally.This produces a "Pseudoparenchymatous" thallus that has two regions (Cortex & Medulla).The Outer "Cortex“ contains small photosynthetic cells while the central "Medulla" is composed of loose filamentous cells.

Organización

Reproducción Reproducción

CLASIFICACIÓN (Saunders & Hommersand, 2004)SUBPHYLUM RHODELLOPHYTINA

CLASS RHODELLOPHYCEAEORDER RHODELLIALES (Porphyridiales 1 en Saunders & Hommersand 2004).ORDER STYLONEMATALES (Porphyridiales 2 en Saunders & Hommersand 2004).ORDER PORPHYRIDIALES (Porphyridiales 3 en Saunders & Hommersand 2004).

SUBPHYLUM METARHODOPHYTINACLASS COMSPOPOGONOPHYCEAE

ORDER COMPSOPOGONALESFAMILY BOLDIACEAEFAMILY COMPSOPOGONACEAE

ORDER ERYTHROPELTIDALESFAMILY ERYTHROTRICHIACEAE

ORDER RHODOCHAETALESFAMILY RHODOCHAETACEAE

SUBPHYLUM EURHOPHYTINACLASS BANGIOPHYCEAE

ORDER BANGIALES CLASS FLORIDEOPHYCEAE

SUBCLASS HILDENBRANDIOPHYCIDAESUBCLASS NEMALIOPHYCIDAE SUBCLASS AHNFELDTOPHYCIDAESUBCLASS RHODYMENIOPHYCIDAE

129 especies

63 especies

5886 especies

11 especies

4 especies

25 especies

5 especies

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND TAXONOMY OF RED ALGAE. 2010. Yoon; Zuccarello & Bhattacharya.

Clasificación

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND TAXONOMY OF RED ALGAE. 2010. Yoon; Zuccarello & Bhattacharya.

Clase CYANIDIOPHYCEAEOrden CyanidialesFamilia CyanidiaceaeGénero Cyanidium

Unicelular.

Sin reproducción sexual.

Vive en condiciones de alta

temperatura y alrededor de

emisiones de gases de ácido

sulfúrico o aguas termales

(termoacidófilas).

Golgi asociado con ER.

Clase RhodellophyceaeOrden RhodellalesFamilia RhodellaceaeGénero Rhodella

Unicelular. Sin reproducción sexual.Cuerpo de Golgi esparcido a través del citoplasma y asociadocon ER y núcleo.

Clase StylonematophyceaeOrden StylonematalesFamilia StylonemataceaeGénero Stylonema

Unicelular o Pseudofilamentos. Sin reproducción sexual.Golgi asociado con ER y mitocondria.

Clase CompsopogonophyceaeOrden ErythropeltidalesFamilia ErythrotrichiaceaeGénero Erythrotrichia

Pluricelulares, filamentosos a pseudoparenquimatosos.Golgi asociado con ERCiclo de vida heteromórfico. Pit connections.

Clase BangiophyceaeOrden BangialesFamilia BangiaceaeGénero Porphyra

Filamentos no ramificados o pseudoparénquimas.Alternancia de generacionesheteromórfica. Fase conchocelis (conchillas).Diversos tipos de esporas.

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden CeramialesFamilia RhodomelaceaeGénero Polysiphonia

Filamentos o pseudoparénquimasReproducción sexual (espermacios y carpogonio)Esporofito (producción de tetrasporas) Carposporofito (producción de carposporas)Pit ConnectionsTaxonomía basada en el aparato reproductivo.

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden HalymenialesFamilia HalymeniaceaeGénero Grateloupia

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden GigartinalesFamilia PhyllophoraceaeGénero Ahnfeltiopsis

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden GigartinalesFamilia GigartinaceaeGénero Chondrus

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden GigartinalesFamilia GigartinaceaeGénero Chondracanthus

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden GelidialesFamilia GelidiaceaeGénero Gelidium

Clase FlorideophyceaeOrden GracilarialesFamilia GracilariaceaeGénero Gracilariopsis

DEFINING THE MAJOR LINEAGES OF RED ALGAE (RHODOPHYTA). 2006. Hwan Su Yoon; Kirsten M. Muller; Robert G. Sheath; FranklynD. Ott & Debashish Bhattacharya. J. Phycol. 42, 482–492.

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY AND TAXONOMY OF RED ALGAE. 2010. HwanSu Yoon, Giuseppe C. Zuccarello & Debashish Bhattacharya.