A Rubisco-binding protein is required for normal pyrenoid ...
Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid-...
Transcript of Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid-...
![Page 1: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Algal StructureAMAL ALGHAMDI
362 MIC
2014
1
![Page 2: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Structure of Algae
Most are Eukaryotes
Phycology= Study of Algae
2
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 3: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Algae
All algae are eukaryotic.
Found in freshwater, marine, and moist soil habitats.
Photoautotrophs that produce oxygen (except for the water molds,
which are fungus-like chemoheterotrophs).
Contain chloroplasts (which are structures that generate energy for the
cell).
The pigment used for photosynthesis can even vary, resulting in algae
that appear green, red, or brown.
3
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 4: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Algae
Macroalgae
•e.g. Seaweed
Microalgae
•e.g. Chlorella
4
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 5: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Algae
How are algae similar to higher plants?
How are algae different from higher plants?
5
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 6: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Similarities
Presence of cell wall- mostly cellulosic. Most green
algae have a cellular wall, with cellulose content
ranging up to 70% of the dry weight. While marine, red,
and brown algae the cellulose content is rather low.
Autotrophs/primary producers- carry out photosynthesis.
Presence of chlorophyll a.
6
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 7: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Differences
Algae lack the roots, stems, leaves, and other structures typical of true plants.
Algae don’t have vascular tissues- non vascular plants.
Variations in pigments.
Variations in cell structure- unicellular, colonial, and multicellular.
7
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 8: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Eukaryotic Algae Structure
Eukaryotes.
Distinct chloroplast, nuclear region, and complex organelles.
Thylakoids are grouped into grana.
8
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 9: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cellular organization
Flagella – organs of locomotion.
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis. Thylakoids are present in the chloroplast. The pigments are present in the thylakoids.
Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Eye-spot- part of chloroplast. It directs the cell towards light.
9
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 10: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Reproduction
3 types
Vegetative cell divisions/Fragmentation-
Part of the filament breaks off from the rest and forms
Asexual reproduction-
Zoospores after loosing their flagella, forms new
filaments. No sexual fusion.
Sexual production-
Gametes
10
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 11: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Asexual reproduction
11
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 12: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Sexual reproduction
Isogamy- Both have flagella and similar size and morphology.
Anisogamy- Gametes
Oogamy- gametes with flagella (sperm) fuses with a larger, non-flagellated gamete (egg).
12
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 13: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Morphological Characteristics
Unicellular Algae:
Motile
e.g. Chlamydomonas sp. , Euglena sp.
Non-motile
e.g. Chlorella sp.
Multicellular Algae:
Colonial
e.g. Volvox sp.
13
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 14: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Morphological Characteristics
14
Filamentous Algae:
Single algae cells that form long visible chains.
e.g. Spirogyra sp.
Coenocytic Algae:
Composed of one large cell without cross-walls.
e.g. Vaucheria sp.
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 15: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Morphological Characteristics
15
Multicellular Algae:
Have large, complex, leaf-like thallus.
e.g. Ulva sp.
Diatoms:
Have silica cell walls.
e.g. Diatoma sp., Cyclotella sp.
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 16: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Examples
16
![Page 17: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Chlamydomonas sp.
Unicellular, motile cells.
Cup-shaped chloroplast,
with pyrenoid.
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 18: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Chlorella sp.
Unicellular, non-motile
cells.
Cup-shaped chloroplast,
with pyrenoid.
18
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 19: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nostoc sp. &
Anabaenae sp.
Filamentous
cyanobacteria.
Exists as a plankton.
Under N2 limitation
conditions, vegetative
cells differentiate into
heterocycts.
19
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 20: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Spirogyra sp.
Filamentous green algae.
Spiral-shaped chloroplast.
20
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 21: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Zygnema sp.
Filamentous green algae.
Star-shaped chloroplast.
21
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 22: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Volvox sp.
Multicellular colony.
22
خاليا جسدية
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat
![Page 23: Algal Structure - fac.ksu.edu.safac.ksu.edu.sa/sites/default/files/algal_structure.pdf · Pyrenoid- structure associated with chloroplast. It contains carboxylase, proteins, and carbohydrates.](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022041221/5e0b4b5344702b4a174bb8a4/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Baciilariophytae(Diatoms) :
23
منظر حزامي
منظر مصراعي
4/7/2014Amal Alghamd- Dr. Esmat