Algae cultivation logistics
Transcript of Algae cultivation logistics
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Algae cultivation logistics
Ellen Slegers Sylvain Leduc (IIASA) Ton van Boxtel, Gerrit van Straten, René Wijffels (WUR)
BeWhere workshop – Oct. 2013
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Outline
Why algae? Production systems Algae cultivation supply logistics BeWhere-Algae Ideas further projects
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Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH on behalf of IEA Bioenergy Task42, January 2013
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Biobased economy - biorefineries
Biorefineries essential ‘green resources’ ‘use every molecule’ – no waste
Several biomass sources, many products
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Algae
Photosynthetic organisms
‘one cell plants’
Light, water, CO2 & nutrients (N,P) needed for growth
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Algae - nature
Abundant in all water surfaces, symbiotic relation with coral, sponges and funghi in lichen
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Wide diversity of applications
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Production systems
Ingrepro, the Netherlands Raceway ponds
Simple systems Difficult to control
Ingrepro, the Netherlands
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Production systems (2)
Flat panels
Very controlled systems Higher productivity Higher costs/energy use
Arizona State University Arizona State University
Tubular systems
AlgaePARC, WageningenUR
AlgaePARC, WageningenUR
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Algae cultivation supply logistics
Currently production mostly on lab/pilot scale Large scale: logistics
Solix Biofuels, US
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Algae cultivation supply logistics
Seawater and CO2 essential How much energy is required for transport? Which transport distances are feasible? Where to locate?
Plant
?
? ? Energy
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BeWhere-Algae
BeWhere version for algae Consider supply to cultivation plant, no products
Decision variables:
● Location of algae cultivation site
● Size
● Reactor system
● Choice of supply point
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BeWhere-Algae – other prerequisites
Algae productivity Resource demand Energy requirement → Depend on regional climate conditions and reactor system
Derive from algae productivity models Slegers et al (2011) - Design scenarios for flat panel photobioreactors
Slegers et al (2013) - Scenario analysis of large scale algae production in tubular
photobioreactors
Slegers et al (2013) – Scenario evaluation of open pond microalgae production
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Algae productivity models
1. Quantifying the light falling on reactor wall
● Include shape, shading etc.
● Remove light loss due to reflection, transparency
2. Local light gradient in reactor volume
3. Growth of algae according to light gradient
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Case study
3 regions varying in Weather conditions
Infrastructure
CO2 availability
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CO2 availability
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Planning
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Contribution transport energy
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Follow-up Ideas
Smaller grids Study flexibility algae planning (lower energy, other
supply) Processing algae
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BeWhere-Algae1
maximise 𝐸𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 − 𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 (1)
𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑖𝑖𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑖𝐿 𝑐𝑖𝐿𝑖,𝑖,𝑖,𝐿 (2) subject to 𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 𝐸𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (3)
∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑖𝑖𝐿 = ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝐿,𝐴 𝑦𝑖𝐿𝑃𝐴𝐿𝐿𝑞𝑖𝐴𝐿𝐿 ,𝑖 ∀ 𝑗,𝑅, 𝐿 (4) ∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑖𝑖𝐿 ≤ 𝑆𝑖𝑖𝐿 ,𝑖 ∀ 𝑖,𝑅, 𝐿 (5) ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝐿 ≤ 1, ∀ 𝑗, 𝐿 (6) 0 ≤ ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝑖𝐿 ≤ 𝑁, ∀ 𝐿 (7) 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑖𝐿 ≤ 𝑌, ∀ 𝑗, 𝑆 (8) 𝑆 ∈ 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑑, 𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑓, ℎ𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑟𝑓 𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑟, 𝑣𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑓 𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑟 (9) 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿 ∈ 0,1 (10)
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BeWhere-Algae2
maximise 𝐸𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 −𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑡 −𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 (1)
𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = ∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑖𝑖𝐿 𝑑𝑖𝑖𝐿 𝑐𝑖𝐿𝑖,𝑖,𝑖,𝐿 (2) 𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑡= ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝑖,𝑖,𝐴,𝐿,𝐿 𝑦𝑖𝐿𝑃𝐴𝐿𝐿𝐶𝐴𝐿𝐿 (3) subject to 𝐸𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑡 + 𝐸𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ≤ 𝐸𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 (4)
∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑖𝑖𝐿 = ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝐿,𝐴 𝑦𝑖𝐿𝑃𝐴𝐿𝐿𝑞𝑖𝐴𝐿𝐿 ,𝑖 ∀ 𝑗,𝑅, 𝐿 (5) ∑ 𝑧𝑖𝑖𝑖𝐿 ≤ 𝑆𝑖𝑖𝐿 ,𝑖 ∀ 𝑖,𝑅, 𝐿 (6) ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝐿 ≤ 1, ∀ 𝑗, 𝐿 (7) 0 ≤ ∑ 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿𝑖𝐿 ≤ 𝑁, ∀ 𝐿 (8) 0 ≤ 𝑦𝑖𝐿 ≤ 𝑌, ∀ 𝑗, 𝑆 (9) 𝑆 ∈ 𝑟𝑟𝑐𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑦 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑑, 𝑓𝑓𝑟𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑝𝑟𝑓, ℎ𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑟𝑓 𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑟, 𝑣𝑟𝑟𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑟𝑓 𝑓𝑡𝑡𝑟 (10) 𝑥𝑖𝐿𝐿 ∈ 0,1 (11)