Diadochi and Successor Kingdoms The Greek World After Alexander.
Alexander & the Hellenistic Kingdoms
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Transcript of Alexander & the Hellenistic Kingdoms
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ALEXANDER & THE HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS
4-5
World History
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THE THREAT OF MACEDONIA
“barbarians” to the north of Greece
338 BC, Philip II conquered Greece
Philip II wanted to unite with Greece to defeat the Persian Empire
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT
20 years old when became king of Macedonia
Ruled 335-323 BC
Prepared by his father to become king
“People In History” pg 139
Map pg 140
“Alexandria”
India-return trip-poured out water
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THE LEGACY OF ALEXANDER
Great military leader
Imitated Achilles of Homer’s Iliad
Gained large quantities of gold and silver-economic influence
Successors were monarchs-political influence
Greek language, architecture, literature, and art spread throughout Southwest Asia and the Near East-cultural influence
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THE HELLENISTIC KINGDOMS
Hellenistic- “to imitate Greeks”
4 Kingdoms came from Alexander’s empire (map pg 141)• Macedonia• Syria• Pergamum• Egypt
Alexander planned to use Persians as officials, but his successors used Macedonians & Greeks
Cities spread Greek culture
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HELLENISTIC CULTURE
Libraries:• Largest in the world at Alexandria, Egypt• 2nd largest in Pergamum
Architecture and Sculpture• New building in cities• Sculptors were patronized by kings & rich citizens
Literature• Appolonius of Rhodes wrote Argonautica• Theocritus wrote short poems showing a love of nature
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HELLENISTIC CULTURE
Science• Aristarchus-sun at center of universe and earth rotates
around the sun• Eratosthenes-Earth is round and calculated
circumference at 24,675, only 185 miles off the actual figure
• Archimedes-geometry of spheres and cylinders & pi• Inventor
• Archimedes screw• Discovered specific gravity- “Eureka” (I have found it!)• Levers
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HELLENISTIC CULTURE
Philosophy• Athens remained the center of Greek philosophy• Epicureanism-Epicurus
• Happiness is the goal of life• Social in friendship, but did not participate in politics
• Stoicism-Zeno• Happiness found when gain inner peace by living in
harmony with the will of God-whatever life offered• Public service is noble• The real stoic is a good citizen