Alexander A. Bobrov, Olga A. MochalovaAlexander A. Bobrov, Olga A. Mochalova

Aquatic plants in the northern Russian Aquatic plants in the northern Russian Far East: problems and perspectivesFar East: problems and perspectives

I. D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters RAS, Borok, RussiaI. D. Papanin Institute for biology of inland waters RAS, Borok, RussiaInstitute of biological problems of the north FEB RAS, Magadan, RussiaInstitute of biological problems of the north FEB RAS, Magadan, Russia

© © Bobrov, MochalovaBobrov, Mochalova, 20, 201212

Study areaStudy areaMagadan reg., adjacent areas of Yakutia rep., Khabarovsk kr., Kamchatka, ChukotkaMagadan reg., adjacent areas of Yakutia rep., Khabarovsk kr., Kamchatka, Chukotka

INTRODUCTION

AAquatic plants in the north of the Russian Far East are still poorly studied and quatic plants in the north of the Russian Far East are still poorly studied and knowledge about them differs between regions. The most problematic genera knowledge about them differs between regions. The most problematic genera are are PotamogetonPotamogeton, , BatrachiumBatrachium and and SparganiumSparganium..

ИИзученность водных растений на севере Российского Дальнего Востока зученность водных растений на севере Российского Дальнего Востока до сих пор остаётся низкой и сильно различается по регионам. до сих пор остаётся низкой и сильно различается по регионам. Наиболее проблемными группами представляются Наиболее проблемными группами представляются PotamogetonPotamogeton, , BatrachiumBatrachium, , SparganiumSparganium..

Potamogeton

IIn n PotamogetonPotamogeton there are questions on status of some taxa, their relations there are questions on status of some taxa, their relations with close species, e.g. with close species, e.g. PP. . borealisborealis with with PP. . filiformisfiliformis, , PP. . subsibiricussubsibiricus, , PP. . anadyrensisanadyrensis with with PP. . sibiricussibiricus, and , and PP. . tenuifoliustenuifolius with with PP. . alpinusalpinus..

ВВ роде роде PotamogetonPotamogeton остаются вопросы о статусе целого ряда таксонов, остаются вопросы о статусе целого ряда таксонов, их взаимоотношения с близкими видами. Например, их взаимоотношения с близкими видами. Например, PP. . borealisborealis из из родства родства PP. . filiformisfiliformis, , PP. . subsibiricussubsibiricus и и PP. . anadyrensisanadyrensis — — PP. . sibiricussibiricus, , PP. . tenuifoliustenuifolius — — PP. . alpinusalpinus..

PotamogetonPotamogeton

Most of these differences depends on ecological conditions. Such variation occurs Most of these differences depends on ecological conditions. Such variation occurs in different parts of the whole range.in different parts of the whole range.

P. tenuifoliusP. alpinus (Yakutia)P. alpinus (Europe)

Distinction in leaf width.Distinction in leaf width.

P. subsibiricusP. anadyrensisP. sibiricus

Difference in number of leaf Difference in number of leaf veins.veins.

P. borealis P. filiformis

Main dMain distinctionistinction in leaf in leaf width.width.

Potamogeton

NNorth American orth American PP. . richardsoniirichardsonii, , PP. . strictifoliusstrictifolius occurs in the area. It is of occurs in the area. It is of interest how widely these species are spread. Tropical interest how widely these species are spread. Tropical PP. . fryerifryeri, , PP. . digynusdigynus, , PP. . distinctusdistinctus are recorded here. Are these records correct? What promotes are recorded here. Are these records correct? What promotes their preservation under these conditions? Also hybrid activity study in this their preservation under these conditions? Also hybrid activity study in this genus is important.genus is important.

ВВ регионе встречаются североамериканские регионе встречаются североамериканские PP. . richardsoniirichardsonii, , PP. . strictifoliusstrictifolius. . Представляет интерес на сколько широко распространены эти виды. Представляет интерес на сколько широко распространены эти виды. Здесь же указаны Здесь же указаны тропические тропические PP. . fryerifryeri, , PP. . digynusdigynus, , PP. . distinctusdistinctus. Точны ли эти указания? . Точны ли эти указания? Что способствовало их сохранению Что способствовало их сохранению в этих условиях? Также актуально в этих условиях? Также актуально выяснение гибридной активности в выяснение гибридной активности в этом роде.этом роде.

PotamogetonPotamogeton

The main task is to clarify geographical and ecological patterns, relations with close species The main task is to clarify geographical and ecological patterns, relations with close species of these forms in the area. of these forms in the area.

P. x nitensP. x sparganiifolius

Hybrids are very characteristic for Hybrids are very characteristic for the genus. They occurs frequently the genus. They occurs frequently and may be abundant in habitats, and may be abundant in habitats, especially in rivers.especially in rivers.

P. distinctusP. fryeri

Species from Species from PP. . nodosusnodosus group with group with the main range in tropical area. the main range in tropical area.

Isolated localities far to the north.Isolated localities far to the north.

P. richardsonii P. strictifoliusNorth American species close to North American species close to PP. . perfoliatusperfoliatus and and PP. . rutilusrutilus respectively. respectively. PP. . richardsoniirichardsonii differs differs by fimbriate stipules, by fimbriate stipules, PP. . strictifoliusstrictifolius by larger by larger number of leaf veins.number of leaf veins.

Batrachium

BBatrachiumatrachium kauffmanniikauffmannii, , BB. . mongolicummongolicum and and BB. . trichophyllumtrichophyllum are common in are common in the northern RFE. Other taxa need studying. Is real the northern RFE. Other taxa need studying. Is real BB. . eradicatumeradicatum presented presented here or it is a small form of other species?here or it is a small form of other species?

ННаиболее обычны на севере РДВ аиболее обычны на севере РДВ BatrachiumBatrachium kauffmanniikauffmannii, , BB. . mongolicummongolicum и и BB. . trichophyllumtrichophyllum. Остальные таксоны нуждаются в изучении. . Остальные таксоны нуждаются в изучении. Представлен здесь настоящий Представлен здесь настоящий BB. . eradicatumeradicatum или это мелкие формы или это мелкие формы других видов?других видов?

BatrachiumBatrachiumB. kauffmannii

Streams, rivers.Streams, rivers.

Occurrence is Occurrence is unclear.unclear.

B. mongolicum

Lakes, oxbows, streams, Lakes, oxbows, streams, rivers.rivers.

Common species.Common species.

B. trichophyllum

Lakes, oxbows, streams, Lakes, oxbows, streams, rivers.rivers.

Common species.Common species.

B. eradicatum

Lakes.Lakes.

Occurrence is Occurrence is unclear.unclear.

Batrachium

HHeterophyllous eterophyllous BB. . mongolicummongolicum ( (BB. . setosissimumsetosissimum), and its relation with close ), and its relation with close European European BB. . aquatileaquatile, , BB. . floribundumfloribundum and Japanese and Japanese BB. . nipponicumnipponicum are are interesting. What is the large river form similar to interesting. What is the large river form similar to BB. . pseudofluitanspseudofluitans, , mentioned here as mentioned here as BB. . ashibetsuenseashibetsuense and and BB. . yezoenseyezoense??

ИИнтересен гетерофильный шелковник нтересен гетерофильный шелковник BB. . mongolicummongolicum или или BB. . setosissimumsetosissimum, его взаимоотношение с близкими европейскими , его взаимоотношение с близкими европейскими BB. . aquatileaquatile, , BB. . floribundumfloribundum и японским и японским BB. . nipponicumnipponicum. . Что такое крупная реофильная Что такое крупная реофильная форма из родства из форма из родства из BB. . pseudofluitanspseudofluitans, упоминавшаяся , упоминавшаяся здесь как здесь как BB. . ashibetsuenseashibetsuense и и BB. . yezoenseyezoense??

BatrachiumBatrachium

The main task is to clarify taxonomical status, relations with close species of these forms. The main task is to clarify taxonomical status, relations with close species of these forms.

European complex of river forms B. pseudofluitans

Originated from hybridization of Originated from hybridization of different species.different species.

River forms from Kamchatka and other places known as B. ashibetsuense and B. yezoense

These forms are similar to European These forms are similar to European BB. . pseudofluitanspseudofluitans..

B. mongolicum B. aquatile B. floribundum B. dichotomumThese heterophilous speciesThese heterophilous speciesare very close one each other. are very close one each other. Their relations are still unclear.Their relations are still unclear.

Sparganium

BBesides esides SparganiumSparganium angustifoliumangustifolium, , SS. . emersumemersum, , SS. . glomeratumglomeratum, , SS. . gramineumgramineum, , SS. . hyperboreumhyperboreum, , SS. . natansnatans, 1 (possibly 2) taxon of hybrid origin , 1 (possibly 2) taxon of hybrid origin occur. It is a stabilized hybrid of occur. It is a stabilized hybrid of SS. . emersumemersum or little-known or little-known SS. . probatoviiprobatovii described from Koryakiya. Other hybrids in this described from Koryakiya. Other hybrids in this genus can be expected.genus can be expected.

ККроме роме SparganiumSparganium angustifoliumangustifolium, , SS. . emersumemersum, , SS. . glomeratumglomeratum, , SS. . gramineumgramineum, , SS. . hyperboreumhyperboreum, , SS. . natansnatans встречается 1 (а возможно и 2) таксон встречается 1 (а возможно и 2) таксон гибридогенного происхождения — это либо гибридогенного происхождения — это либо какой-то стабилизировавшийся гибридкакой-то стабилизировавшийся гибрид SS. . emersumemersum, либо описанный из, либо описанный из Корякии Корякии малоизвестный малоизвестный SS. . probatoviiprobatovii.. Возможно Возможно нахождение и другихнахождение и других гибридов в этом роде.гибридов в этом роде.

S. gramineum

S. natans

S. angustifolium

S. emersum

SparganiumSparganium

The main problem is exact determination of species. Characters based on fruits. But plants The main problem is exact determination of species. Characters based on fruits. But plants rarely produce fruits because of extreme climate conditions. rarely produce fruits because of extreme climate conditions.

Other genera

It is necessary to pay attention to genera It is necessary to pay attention to genera CallitricheCallitriche, , MyriophyllumMyriophyllum, , UtriculariaUtricularia and some others. The status of and some others. The status of CallitricheCallitriche subancepssubanceps is unclear. The is unclear. The distribution and relationship between distribution and relationship between MyriophyllumMyriophyllum sibiricumsibiricum and and MM. . spicatumspicatum in the region is an open question. in the region is an open question. UrticulariaUrticularia stygiastygia, a new species for the , a new species for the Asiatic part of Russia, has been discovered recently in the northern RFE.Asiatic part of Russia, has been discovered recently in the northern RFE.

Следует обратить внимание и на роды Следует обратить внимание и на роды CallitricheCallitriche, , MyriophyllumMyriophyllum, , UtriculariaUtricularia и некоторые другие. Неясен статус и некоторые другие. Неясен статус CallitricheCallitriche subancepssubanceps. . Открыт вопрос о распространении и Открыт вопрос о распространении и взаимоотношении в регионе взаимоотношении в регионе MyriophyllumMyriophyllum sibiricumsibiricum и и MM. . spicatumspicatum. . Недавно был выявлен на севере Недавно был выявлен на севере РДВ новый для азиатской части РДВ новый для азиатской части России вид России вид UrticulariaUrticularia stygiastygia..

Urticularia stygiaССlose to lose to UU. . intermediaintermedia, impossible, impossible toto dede--terminate without flowers orterminate without flowers or microscopy.microscopy.

Myriophyllum sibiricumNo No M. spicatumM. spicatum in the area. in the area.

Myriophyllum verticillatumThis terrestrial form looks like endemicThis terrestrial form looks like endemicMM. . ussuriensisussuriensis..

Callitriche subancepsDoubtful species close toDoubtful species close to C. palustris. C. palustris.

Other generaOther genera

Cryptogamic macrophytes

CCryptogamic macrophytes (freshwater macroalgae and bryophytes) require ryptogamic macrophytes (freshwater macroalgae and bryophytes) require special investigation. These plants are seldom taken into account in special investigation. These plants are seldom taken into account in hydrobotanical studies, however in some aquatic ecosystems they form the hydrobotanical studies, however in some aquatic ecosystems they form the core of macrophytic vegetation.core of macrophytic vegetation.

ООтдельного рассмотрения требует группа криптогамных макрофитов — тдельного рассмотрения требует группа криптогамных макрофитов — пресноводных макроводорослей и мохообразных, которые редко пресноводных макроводорослей и мохообразных, которые редко учитываются в отечественных гидроботанических исследованиях, учитываются в отечественных гидроботанических исследованиях, однако в некоторых типах водных однако в некоторых типах водных экосистем они являются основой экосистем они являются основой макрофитной растительности.макрофитной растительности.

Cryptogamic macrophytes: Cryptogamic macrophytes: macroalgae, hepatics and mosses from European Russia macroalgae, hepatics and mosses from European Russia northnorth

Chiloscyphus rivularis Hygrohypnum ochraceum

Chara globularisLemanea rigida

Distribution of aquatic vascular plants in the Magadan region Распространение водных сосудистых растений в Магаданской области

Species Mean Floristic districts. Occurrence

occurr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Isoёtes asiatica (Makino) A. Love 2 2 1 0/1 Sparganium angustifolium Michx. 3 3 * 2/3 2 3 1/2 Sparganium emersum Rehm. 2 2/3 2 * 3 Sparganium glomeratum (Laest.) L. Neum. 1 1/2 2 Sparganium gramineum Georgi 1? 1 Sparganium hyperboreum Laest. 4 3/4 3 3 3 3/4 3 Sparganium natans L. - 0/1 1 ? Sparganium probatovae Tzvel. 1 * 1 1 Zostera marina L. 2 3 3 Potamogeton alpinus Balb. s. l. 3 3/4 * 1/2 1 3 2 Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieb. 3 4 * 0/2 * 4 3 Potamogeton compressus L. 1 2 * Potamogeton filiformis Pers. 2 3 1 1/2 * Potamogeton friesii Rupr. 1 1/2 Potamogeton gramineus L. 3 2/3 1/2 2/3 0/2 – Potamogeton digynus Wall. et Hook. - 1/0 ? Potamogeton maackianus A. Benn. 1 Potamogeton obtusifolius Mert. et Koch 1 0/1 1 Potamogeton natans L. 3 2/3 * 0/1 * 2/3 2 Potamogeton pectinatus L. 1 1/2 0/2 Potamogeton perfoliatus L. 3 3/4 * 2/3 * 3 2 Potamogeton praelongus Wulf. 2 2 3 * 2 2 Potamogeton pusillus L. - 1/0 2/0 Potamogeton richardsonii (A. Benn.) Rydb. 2 2 * 2 1 2 0/1 Potamogeton sibiricus A. Benn. 2 1 2/3 2 Potamogeton sparganiifolius Laest. ex Fries 1 1 Sagittaria natans Pall. 2 2 0/1 2 * Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. 3 3 3 3 3 3 Torreyochloa natans (Kom.) Church 2 1/2 0/1 Calla palustris L. 2 2 2/3 Lemna minor L. (advent) 1 1 Lemna trisulca L. 1 1 2 1 Lemna turionifera Landolt. 1 1 2 1

Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. F. Gray 2 1/2 1/2 * Nymphaea tetragona Georgi 3 3 * 1/2 * 3 0/2 Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. 2 2 1/2 2/3 0/1 Ceratophyllum demersum L. 1 1 0/1 Ranunculus gmelinii DC. 3 3/4 3 3 3 3/4 3 Ranunculus reptans L. 2 2 2 2 3 2 ? Вatrachium circinatum (Sibth.) Spach 1 1 Вatrachium eradicatum (Laest.) Fries 1 1 Вatrachium kauffmannii (Clerc) V. Krecz. 2 2 Вatrachium mongolicum (Kryl.) V. Krecz. 2 1/2 1/2 Вatrachium trichophyllum (Chaix) Bosch 3 3 * 2 2 3 3 Subularia aquatica L. 2 2 1 Elatine spathulata Gorski 1 1 Callitriche hermaphroditica L. 2 2/3 0/1 2 2 Callitriche palustris L. 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ? Callitriche subanceps Petrov 1 1 2 * Myriophyllum sibiricum Kom. 2 2 0/1 2 2/3 Myriophyllum verticillatum L. 3 2/3 1/2 0/1 3 2 Hippuris lanceolata Retz. 2 2 2 – Hippuris montana Ledeb. 2/0 2/0 Hippuris tetraphylla L. 2 3 3 Hippuris vulgaris L. 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 Utricularia intermedia Hayne 3 3 3 0/2 0/1 3 3 Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte 4 3 * 3 2 3 3 Utricularia minor L. 2 2/3 * 0/1 2/3 2 Utricularia stygia Thor 1 1 Species Bold — not presented in Khokhryakov’s Flora (1985). ? — doubtful species – — excluded species from flora Floristic districts of the Magadan region according to Khokhryakov (1985). Occurrence 1 — rare, found only in a few (single) locations 2 — occasional, occurs locally 3 — infrequent, occurs in appropriate communities, but never dominating 4 — common, occurs in different communities sometimes dominating Number above line is occurrence according to Flora (2010), below line based on new data of 2012.

CONCLUSION

11. . Composition of aquatic macrophytes in the northern Russian Far East will Composition of aquatic macrophytes in the northern Russian Far East will be changed based on extensive field researches and study of herbarium be changed based on extensive field researches and study of herbarium collections.collections.

22.. Number of species will be preliminary the same because of including of Number of species will be preliminary the same because of including of new taxa and excluding critical and misidentified forms.new taxa and excluding critical and misidentified forms.

3.3. Diversity of cryptogamic macrophytes should be much larger than known Diversity of cryptogamic macrophytes should be much larger than known to date.to date.

4.4. Extensive field investigations, critical study of the most genera of aquatic Extensive field investigations, critical study of the most genera of aquatic macrophytes in the area are required for understanding their diversitymacrophytes in the area are required for understanding their diversity, , geographical and ecological patterns, biology in extreme climate conditions geographical and ecological patterns, biology in extreme climate conditions of the northern Russian Far Eastof the northern Russian Far East..

The research are supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects The research are supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research (projects №№ 12-04-00074, №№ 12-04-00074, 12-04-00904.12-04-00904.

THANKSTHANKSforfor attentionattention

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