Alcoholic beverages &

Alcohol Laws

JAGADISH PRASAD MISHRAROLL NO-16

Alcoholic beveragesAn alcoholic beverage is a drink what typically contain 3%-40% alcohol(ethanol).Alcohol in carbonated beverages is absorbed faster than alcohol in non-carbonated drinks.

2 classes:- 1.fermented beverages 2.distilled beverages

Fermented beverages:- produced by fermentation of food grain or fruits e.g.:-beer, wine, palm wine, tonto, sonti, mead, cider, kilju, chicha etc Distilled beverages:- produced by distilling ethanol produced by means of fermenting grains, fruits, vegetables etc e.g.:-vodka, gin, tequila, rum, brandy, whisky, soju, baiju etc

Contd….

Aperitifs:- alcoholic beverages served before meal to stimulate the appetite

Digestifs:- alcoholic beverages served after meal for improving digestion

Flavoring:- ethanol tastes bitter in raw, so flavoring and coloring may be added

Congeners:- substances produced during fermentation e.g.:- acetone, acetaldehyde, esters, ethyl acetate etc

Rectified spirits:- (neutral grain spirit) purified by means of rectification e.g.:- gin

Alcohol concentration(alcohol by volume):- proof/concentration/ABV no of ml of pure ethanol in 100 ml of beverage/alcohol concentration in beverage

Contd…Serving measures:- ( neat, up, straight, shooter, cocktail ) shot size:- varies from country to country. in U.K. 25ml/35ml and multiples(distilled), beer-586ml(pint) in some 50-60ml. depend on shape and size of glass also

standard drinks(alcohol equivalence):- drink containing a specified amount of pure alcohol to quantify alcohol intake varies from country to country in U.K.- it is 10ml or 8g of pure alcohol (25ml distilled beverage contain 10ml of pure alcohol) in U.S.A.- 0.6 ounce( 18ml or 14g) Food energy:- 6.93 Kcal per gram of alcohol(5.47 Kcal per ml)

Types of alcoholic beverages:-Fermented beverages:- Wine- long aging process from grape, barley, palm etc fruit wines from fruits(plum, apple, cherry) ABV-9%-16% (Effervescent wine/Champagne-12%-16%) (barley wine-8%-15%, dessert wine-14%-25%, fortified wine-15%-20%)

Contd…Beer- from grain mash and barleyABV-2%-12%

Fortified wine(wine + distilled spirit)

Contd… ..Cider:- from apple ABV-2%-8.5%

Toddy- from coconut

Handia/Sonti- from rice

Distilled beverages:-

Vodka:- from rye, corn, wheat, potato ABV-35%-50%

Gin:-from juniper berry ABV-40%-50%

Contd…..Tequila:-from agave juice ABV-32%-60%

Soju:-from rice, barley ABV-17%-45%

Contd..Rum :-from sugarcane juice or molasses ABV-37.5%-80%

Whisky:-from barley, rye, corn, wheat ABV-40%-68%

Contd…

Brandy:-from grape ABV-35%-60%

Alcohol and Religion

Many religion forbid alcoholic consumption or see it sinful. Others have allocated a special place for it.

Allowed in:- Christian, Hinduism

Prohibited/avoided in:-Islam, Buddhism

Alcohol and Law Laws in relation to manufacture, use, influence and sale of alcoholic beverages

Prohibition:-

Some countries forbid alcoholic beveragesSome Muslim majority countries e.g.:- Saudi Arabia, Libya, Iran, Sudan, KuwaitSome have forbidden them in past e.g.:- Finland, Norway, Sweden, U.S.A.

Out right prohibition:-

Drunk driving laws:-How much alcohol a person can consume before driving a car on roadPermitted blood alcohol content threshold Range:- 0.0%-0.08%( g/dl ) Punishment for violation:- fine, temporary/permanent loss of driver’s licenseSome cases applicable to drunk sailing, drunk bicycling also

Drunk driving laws-blood alcohol content( g/dl )

China:-0.02%India:-0.03%Japan:-0.03%Sri Lanka:-0.06%Singapore:-0.08%South Africa:-0.05%Canada:-0.05-0.08%Mexico:-0.08%U.S.A.:-0.08%Brazil:-0.06%France :-0.05%Italy:-0.05-0.08%Netherland:-0.05%U.K.:-0.08%Spain:-0.05%Australia:-0.05%Russia:-0.04%

Prohibition of drinking alcohol in public places:-Prohibited:- India, Pakistan, Spain, Lithuania, Ireland, U.K., U.S.A., ChileAllowed:- Japan, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden, France, Germany

Legal drinking age:-

Age at which one can consume/purchase alcohol.Most countries have prescribed a legal drinking age which prohibits the consumption of alcohol by minors. Most countries also prohibit the sale of alcohol to minors.

Range:- 0-25 years

U.K. and Singapore are the only countries that have a minimum legal age for drinking alcohol in private

Highest legal drinking age:- Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, United Arab Emirates, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, Solomon Islands, India (certain states), the United States (except U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico), Yemen (Aden and Sana'a), Japan, Iceland, Canada (certain Provinces and Territories), and South Korea(>20 years:20-25 years)

Taxation and regulation of production:-Alcoholic beverages are subject to excise taxes. Additionally, they fall under different jurisdiction than other consumables in many countries, with highly specific regulations and licensing on alcohol content, methods of production, and retail and restaurant sales. Alcohol tax is an excise tax, and while a demerit tax, is a significant source of revenue for governments. In most countries, the commercial production of alcoholic beverages requires a license from the government, which then levies a tax upon these beverages.

Restrictions on sale and possession:-Alcoholic drinks are available only from licensed shops in many countries, and in some countries, strong alcoholic drinks are sold only by a government-operated alcohol monopoly.

Alcohol laws of indiaMahatma Gandhi identified the consumption of alcohol as a major social evil and encouraged complete prohibition in India.

With this in mind, the Constitution of India included Article 47 in the Directive Principles of State Policy, which reads, "The state shall endeavor to bring about prohibition of the use except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.“

Legal drinking age varies from state to state. Ban in-Gujarat, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and union territory of Andaman and Nicobar &Lakshadweep. Range:- 18-25 yr

Drunk driving law:- BAC(blood alcohol content)=0.03% or 30microL alcohol in 100ml blood

Punishment:- 1st offence BAC:-30-60 mg/100ml 6month imprisonment &/ Rs 2000 fine BAC:-60-150 mg/100ml 1 yr imprisonment &/ Rs 4000 fine 2nd offence(within 3 yrs) 3 yr imprisonment &/ Rs 8000 fine heavy drunk(BAC>150 mg/100ml) 2yr imprisonment &/ Rs 5000 fine repeat within 3 yr 4yr imprisonment & Rs 10000 fine + cancellation of license

Legal drinking age:-18 year:-Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh, Puducherry, Karnataka, Himachal Pradesh, Goa,

21 year:-Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Telengana, Tripura, west Bengal

25 year:-Punjab, Meghalaya, Haryana, Delhi, Chandigarh

Contd…Advertising alcoholic beverages is banned in India as per the Cable Television Network (Regulation) Amendment Bill, which came into effect on 8 September 2000. Dry days:-specific days when sale of alcoholic beverages is banned. e.g.:- independence day, republic day, gandhi jayanti(throughout India) + some religious festivals/ occasions in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, west Bengal, Delhi, Maharashtra, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka

Odisha;- The Orissa Excise Bill, 2005 was introduced in the Orissa Legislative Assembly on 5th April,2005 and was referred to the Select Committee on the 11th August,2005.

Finally the Select Committee has laid its report along with Bill as amended by theSelect Committee in the floor of Legislative Assembly on 23.2.2008.

Breathalyzer A breathalyzer or breathalyser is a device for estimating blood alcohol content(BAC) from a breath sample. Breathalyzer is the brand name for the instrument developed by inventor Robert Frank Borkenstein.

When the user exhales into a breath analyzer, any ethanol present in breath oxidized to acetic acid at the anode:

At the cathode, atmospheric oxygen is reduced:

The electrical current produced by this reaction is measured by a microprocessor, and displayed as an approximation of overall blood alcohol content (BAC) by the Alcosensor.

Use:- law enforcement & highway patrol

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