Alcohol, Tobacco, And Caffeine

8/13/2019 Alcohol, Tobacco, And Caffeine

1/33


2/33

Beer

10,000 years agoaccident from grain?

1100 AD guild formed devoted to brewing

1722a nourishing drink for potters and

laborers created called Potter

Wine 8,000 years ago

5,000 years ago the vineyards

2,000 BC - Hammurabi ruler of Babylon sets

rules for the sale and purchase of wine

1,500 BC Greek god of wineDionysus /

Bacchus


3/33

Ancient Awareness "You will conceive and bear a sonnow then

be careful to take no wine or strong drink and

to eat nothing unclean".

Bible - Judges 13:3-4


4/33

Current Views

Alcohol is the number one drug of choice

among our Nations youth. Yet the

seriousness of this issue does not registerwith the general public or policymakers.


5/33

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) 1 to 3 births per 1,000 world wide??

Fetal Alcohol Effect (FAE)

Characteristics Growth deficiency

Learning dysfunction

Nervous systems disabilities


6/33


7/33

Consumption

Have you ever drank alcohol?

Why?

Have you ever drank too much alcohol?


8/33

Health Effects

What are the pleasant effects of alcohol?

The adverse effects (toxicity)?


9/33

Acute Effects

Depression of inhibitory control

warm, flushed, reddish skin

Emotional outbursts

Decreased memory & concentration

Poor judgment

Decreased reflexes

Decreased sexual response


10/33

Long Term Adverse Effects Obvious

Alcoholism, death, cancer (oral cavity,

esophagus, liver), fetal effects (FAS)

Alcoholism

Cirrhosis of liver, appetite loss, poor

judgment

Subtle

Lost productivity, impaired performance,

motor impairment, cost to society


11/33

Alcohol & Cancer Ethanol consumption increases risk of cancer

Oral Cavity

Pharynx and Larynx Esophagus

Liver


12/33

Gender Differences

Females have higher blood alcohol levels

than males

Males have higher stomach metabolism of

alcohol than females


13/33

AlcoholismAlcohol Dependence

Craving: A strong need, or compulsion, to drink.

Loss of control: The inability to limit onesdrinking on any given occasion.

Physical dependence: Withdrawal symptoms,such as nausea, sweating, shakiness, andanxiety, occur when alcohol use is stopped aftera period of heavy drinking.

Tolerance: The need to drink greater amounts ofalcohol in order to get high.


14/33

Alcohol Withdrawal Effects

Tremor

Nausea

Irritability Agitation

Hypertension

Seizers

Hallucinations


15/33

Alcohol and college students

70% of college students consumed alcohol in thelast year

1/2 are classified as heavy drinkers

Many students have a misperception about normaldrinking behavior, and believe their peers drinkmore than they actually do.

1,700 students die annually due to preventablealcohol related injuries


16/33

Binge Drinking Dangerous to yourself and others

Consuming a large quantity of alcohol in a shortperiod of time increases the risk ofunconsciousness, alcohol poisoning, and death

Linked to campus crime, including rape and assault

Many colleges and universities trying to address theproblem Implementing policies against drinking Offering more programs to help students with alcohol

problems


17/33


18/33

Alcohol: Absorption and Metabolism

Absorption in stomach 20%

Absorption in small intestine 80%

Factors that influence absorption Concentration of the drink

Amount consumed

Food in the stomach Mood


19/33


20/33

Behavioral and Physiological Effects ofAlcohol

Consuming large amounts of alcohol in short period of

time can be lethal

Alcohol alone or mixed with another drug responsiblefor more deaths due to toxic overdose than any othersubstance

Death caused by either central nervous system andrespiratory depression or by inhalation of vomit or fluid intothe lungs

Signs include inability to be roused, weak and rapid pulse,

unusual breathing pattern, and cool, damp, pale or bluishskin

If wait to call for help until person is unconscious, risk ofdeath increases tenfold


21/33

A normal liver and a liver withcirrhosis


22/33

Smoking Smoking facts

Single most preventable cause of death

438,000 people die a year

50 times that of illegal drug deaths

Teen smokers = 27.5%

Advertising

Spends $18 million per day

Children and teens constitute 90% of new smokers Women, minorities and college students new

targets


23/33

Financial costs to society

$167 billion in annual health related economic losses

$75.5 billion in medical expenditures

College students are smoking less

Estimated 18% reported having smoked in the past 30days (2005)

Does tobacco appear to be a big p roblem on

your campus?

What effor ts are made to decrease smok ing?


24/33

Tobacco and Its Effects Physiological effects of nicotine

Nicotine is the main addictive substance in tobacco

Stimulates CNS

Stimulates adrenal glands

Increases production of adrenaline

Increases heart rate

Increases respiratory rate

Constricts vessels

Increases blood pressure


25/33

Tobacco and Its Effects All tobacco products are harmful

Cigarettes

Clove cigarettes

Cigars

Pipes

Bidis (hand-rolled, flavored cigarettes)

Spit (smokeless) tobacco Chewing tobacco

Dipping

Snuff


26/33

Health Hazards of Smoking Cancers

Lung 85-90% associated with smoking

Pancreatic

Lip

Esophagus Tongue

Cardiovascular disease Smokers have 70% higher death rate

Stroke Smokers are 2 times more likely to suffer


27/33

Health Hazards of Smoking Respiratory disorders

Chronic bronchitis

Sexual dysfunction

Males are twice as likely to suffer impotence

Other problems

Gum disease More likely to need medications

Metabolism of drugs is affected


28/33

Quitting Breaking the nicotine addiction

70% attempt to quit a year

Fewer than 5% succeed

Many programs exist to help with quitting

Nicotine withdrawal is experienced

Nicotine replacement products

Nicotine chewing gum

Nicotine patch

Nicotine nasal spray

Nicotine inhaler


29/33

When Smokers Quit


30/33

Caffeine Caffeine facts

Increases heart rate

Increases oxygen consumption

Increases urinary output

Increases wakefulness


31/33

Side effects Insomnia

Irregular heartbeat

Dizziness

Nausea

Indigestion

Mild delirium

Involuntary muscle twitches


32/33

Caffeine Addiction Drink more when coming down Caffeinism

muscle twitch

Withdrawing May produce headaches

No long-term damage is seen with moderate usein non-pregnant women

Have you no t iced any of the signs of caffeine

add ic t ion in yo urself or fr iends?


33/33

Possible Health Concerns of CaffeineUse

Links to Heart disease

Cancer

Mental dysfunction

Birth defects

No evidence that caffeine causes long-term

high blood pressure or strokes

Alcohol, Tobacco, And Caffeine

Documents

Transcript of Alcohol, Tobacco, And Caffeine