ALCOHOL The substance Its production Its trade. ETHYL ALCOHOL, or ETHANOL, is a LIQUID, WATERWHITE...
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Transcript of ALCOHOL The substance Its production Its trade. ETHYL ALCOHOL, or ETHANOL, is a LIQUID, WATERWHITE...
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ALCOHOL
The substance
Its production
Its trade
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ETHYL ALCOHOL, or ETHANOL, is a LIQUID, WATERWHITE SUBSTANCE
It is obtained through FERMENTATION of SOME BASIC SUGAR or STARCH and is concentrated through DISTILLATION
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FERMENTATIONChemical process involving organic substances (fruits, cereals, patatoes ecc.) which are induced to ferment by mould, bacteria, yeast
When you press the grapes, the sugar contained in the MUST is decomposed by MICRO-ORGANISMS (Saccaromycetes) and is TRANSFORMED in ALCOHOL, CARBON DIOXIDE and HEAT
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DISTILLATION
The alcoholic solution is heated to EVAPORATION temperature (72° Celsius or 161° Fah.)
(ALCOHOL 95%, WATER 5%)
After STEAM has cooled down, the LIQUID SUBSTANCE obtained is made of ANHYDROUS ALCOHOL
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ETHYL ALCOHOL CONTENT
in the Alcohol Beverages
(from FERMENTATION)
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from DISTILLATION
In Alcohol Beverages
Depero 1930
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ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION + PRODUCTION
is among the largest PRODUCERS of WINE and SPIRITS in the WORLD
ITALY
ITALY is at the forefront in the WORLD per-capita alcohol consumption
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REPRESENT a SIGNIFICANT PERCENTAGE of GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
PRODUCTION and TRADEof ALCOHOLPRODUCTS
Neapolitan Coach
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EFFECTS
of ALCOHOL
on the BODY
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ALCOHOL transits quickly (30 - 90 minutes)
from STOMACH and early PART of INTESTINE
to BLOOD and REACHES through thePORTAL VEIN
ABSORPTION + DISTRIBUTION
the LIVER
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10% is eliminated DIRECTLY through BREATH, PERSPIRATION, URINE,and MATERNAL MILK
DISPOSAL
90% is eliminatedthrough theLIVER METABOLISM
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LIVER transforms 90%of all intaken ALCOHOL, through the action of ENZYMES, whose quantity INCREASES in case of chronic alcohol consumption
TRANSAMINASI - Aspartato - aminotransferasi (AST) valori: per gli uomini fra 10 e 45 U/l, per le donne fra 5 e 31 U/l - Alanina - aminotransferasi (ALT) valori:
per gli uomini fra 10 e 43 U/l, per le donne fra 5 e 36 U/l Gamma GT - (Gamma - glutamiltranspeptidasi) valori: per gli uomini fra 1 e 30 U/l, per le donne fra 1 e 20 U/l
ALCOHOL METABOLISM
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- NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES (acetaldeide, acetic acid etc.) - ACCUMULATION of FATS in the liver (STEATOSIS) - ACCUMULATION of ACID COMPOUNDS (lactic acid and others) - CALORIES with increase of fats in the tissues and possible OBESITY, substitution of very useful calories from food with useless calories from alcohol -SENSE of BEING FULL, which induces to DISREGARD feeding with consequential LACK of VITAMINES and other NOURISHING SUBSTANCES- EXHAUSTION of body’s supply of SUGAR -LESS EFFICIENT ELIMINATION of URIC ACID (gout)
In the LIVER ALCOHOL PRODUCES
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ALCOHOL can HARM the whole BODY
It is NOT a NUTRIMENT
Amanita Muscaria: good, but poisonous
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ALCOHOL and WOMEN:
WOMAN is biologically more SENSITIVE than MAN to the effects of ALCOHOL, because she has a REDUCED CAPACITY to METABOLIZE ETHANOL, having less production of ALCOHOL – DEHYDROGENASE ENZYME (ADH). LIVER HARM is more SERIOUS and it takes place more QUICKLY than the MEN, because ALCOHOL goes fromSTOMACH to LIVER more DIRECTLY
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ALCOHOL and WOMEN:
Given the same quantity of ALCOHOL,
a WOMAN gets DRUNK MORE
EASILY
than men.
Consequently she has less CAPACITY
to CONTROL her
BEHAVIOUR,
she is more subject to be VICTIM
of ACCIDENTS or VIOLENCE
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ALCOHOL
DAMAGES
and
EFFECTS
William Hogarth - Gin Lane 1751
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- INCIDENTS and INJURIES - CONSEQUENCES of riots - PANCREATITES, heart ATTACK
PHYSICAL EFFECTS and HARM
ACUTE
CHRONIC- BRAIN DAMAGES - PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHITIS - BLOOD HYPERTENSION -HEART DESEASES -CANCER (MOUTH, THROAT, OESOPHAGUS, STOMACH)
- LIVER CIRRHOSIS, LIVER CANCER- CHRONIC PANCREATITES - ENDOCRINE and IMMUNIZATION failures
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NERVOUS SYSTEM- CRANIAL INJURIES with POSSIBLE BRAIN HEMATOMA
- BRAIN ATROPHY the BRAIN volume is reduced, MEMORY
and INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY are PROGRESSIVELY reduced (alcohol dementia)
- SEIZURES with loss of CONSCIENCE, INCONTINENCE, DISORIENTATION
- ALCOHOL POLINEURYTES with TINGLING, NIGHT PAIN, CRAMPS
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HEART and BLOOD VESSELS
- INFARCTION
- BLOOD
HYPERTENSION -
ALCOHOL MIOCARDIOPATITYS
- CORONARY DESEASE
-ANAEMIA with FEW, VERY
LARGE RED CORPUSCLES, due to
lack of VITAMINE B12
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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MOUTH: CANCER
STOMACH: -GASTRITIS - ULCERA -CANCER
INTESTINE: - SLOW ABSORPTION- DIARRHOEA
AESOPHAGUS:
- AESOPHAGITIS - VARICES -CANCER
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- ACUTE PANCREATITIS - CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
PANCREAS
LIVER- STEATOSIS (accumulation of fat in the liver) - ACUTE HEPATITIS - CHRONIC HEPATITIS - CIRRHOSIS - CANCER
PANCREAS
cistifellea
stomaco
dotto
biliare
duodeno
dotto
pancreatico
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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- REDUCED FERTILITY
- DECREASE of SEXUAL
DESIRE -
HORMONE DEFICIENCY
with man looking increasingly
FEMININE (loss of hairs, increase
of breast etc.)
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- ABORTION - SLOW GROWTH of PHOETUS- PREMATURE BIRTH -LOWER WEIGHT of NEWBORN
ALCOHOL and PREGNANCYINCREASED RISK of:
PHOETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME- BRAIN UNDERDEVELOPMENT - MICROCEPHALY -SKELETON MALFORMATION
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ALCOHOL and HIV• HIGHER RISK of MISBEHAVIOURS
• ALCOHOL WEAKENS the DEFENSE of the MOUTH MUCOUS MEMBRANE (the inner part of the mouth)
• After drinking only ONE BEER, in case of ORAL SEX, the RISK of CONTAGION from HIV increases 3 to 6 times
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Alcohol consumption provokes toxic effects andchronic damages. One century ago in ITALY the average lifespanwas about 42 years, currently it is about 80 years. Therefore today it is easier to identify the CONSEQUENCES of a PROLONGED USEof ALCOHOL, even in MODERATE QUANTITIES.All the DRINKERS, even the MODERATE ones,have an average LIFE EXPECTANCY lower than the non drinkers.
ALCOHOL and LIFE SPAN :
SAME HAPPENS for SMOKING
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Ethyl alcohol remains ethyl alcohol wherever we put it, its toxic power does not change.
There is no difference between alcohol contained in the so-called “good wine” and the one contained in cheap wine.
In other words, you cannot claim that there is a “good alcohol” and a bad one.
ETHYL ALCOHOL FORMULA C2H5OH
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ALCOHOL INTERFERES
with a NUMBER of
DRUGS by
INCREASING or DECREASING
their EFFECTS
ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
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NoteNote: : thethe EFFECT is DIFFERENT, sometimes even the OPPOSITE, in
CASE of ACUTE INTOXICATION or else in case of ALCOHOLISM
ANSIOLITICS ANTIDEPRESSANTS
HYPNOTICS SEDATIVES
BARBITURICS ANALGESICS
ANTIHISTAMINICS
ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
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ANTIEPILEPTICS
DIABETES DRUGS
HEART DESEASE THERAPY
ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
NoteNote: : thethe EFFECT is DIFFERENT, sometimes even the OPPOSITE, in
CASE of ACUTE INTOXICATION or else in case of ALCOHOLISM
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with:
PARACETAMOL
(ex. Tachipirina®)
ANTIMYCOTICS
ANAESTHETICS
NoteNote: : thethe EFFECT is DIFFERENT, sometimes even the OPPOSITE, in
CASE of ACUTE INTOXICATION or else in case of ALCOHOLISM
ALCOHOL and MEDICINES
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SPECIFIC drugs to beat ALCOHOLISM do not exist
DRUGS like:• ANTIDEPRESSANTS (Prozac®, Citalopram etc.)• ANTABUSE®
• ALCOVER®
CAN HELP IN THE INITIAL STAGES of ABSTINENCE
BUT on their own they are not A SOLUTION
UNLESS YOU CHANGE YOUR LIFESTYLE
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ANTABUSE® (Disulfiram) interferes with the normal alcohol metabolism by the liver.
If a person, during the treatment, takes any quantity of alcohol, heavy symptoms appear in about 10 minutes: - nausea, vomiting - sense of heat - tachycardia - difficult breathing - hypotension, collapse, sometimes heart failure.
The symptoms persist until alcohol is finally eliminated.
The sickness caused by the reaction Antabuse/Alcohol produces a sense of repugnance for alcohol beverages.
Taking regularly Antabuse®, and attending regularly the CLUB, can allow the chronic alcoholics (not hospitalized) to wean from drinking.
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ALCOVER® Syrup at 17,5% (HBA) Can help: - in controlling the withdrawal syndrome and in the early stages
of abstinence from alcohol.- as part of a mixed treatment (medicines, psychological and psychiatric therapy, group therapy etc.) of addiction. - in the long term treatment of alcohol addiction, when other treatments have failed, and when physiological complications require abstinence from alcohol.
ALCOVER® must be prescribed by the doctor, and must be taken by the patient under the control of a person delegated by the doctor, when the patient is suffering from mental disorders or has reduced capacity to judge and take decisions. Alcover® has a low toxicity, but has a proven capacity to generate addiction. Is considered less effective than Antabuse®.
Taking regularly Alcover®, and attending regularly the CLUB, can allow the chronic alcoholics (not hospitalized) to wean from drinking.
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- SLOWER REACTION TIME - ALTERED EMOTIONAL CONTROL -SUICIDE
PSYCHIC EFFECTS and DAMAGESACUTE
CHRONIC- DIPENDENCE and ADDICTION - DEPRESSION - ALTERATION of short-term MEMORY - VISUAL and AUDITIVE ALLUCINATIONS and PERSECUTIONS - DEMENTIA - DELIRIUM TREMENS
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PSYCHICALDELIRIUM TREMENS: CONFUSION, AGITATION, TREMOR POTATORUM, ALLUCINATIONS
VISUAL ALLUCINATIONS: IMAGES of SMALL ANIMALS (spiders, black beatles, mice, ants …)
AUDITIVE ALLUCINATIONS: PERCEPTION of THREATENING VOICES, INSULTS, PERSECUTIONS
CHRONIC JEALOUSY:AGGRESSIVE ATTITUDE towardsthe partner and (alleged) rival
MOOD and SLEEP DISTURBANCE
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INITIALLY:
EUPHORIA, UNCONSTRAINT, LOSS OF SELF CONTROL
LATER:
MELANCHOLY, DEPRESSION, SLEEPINESS - SLEEP
GETTING DRUNK: DRINKING ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY has direct CONSEQUENCES on CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
J. De Ribera “Spagnoletto” – Sileno Ebbro - 1626
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PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL versus BLOOD described as grams of alcohol per litre of blood (g/L)
BLOOD ALCOHOL CONTENT (B.A.C.):
BREATH ANALYZER: to test alcohol concentration FROM BREATH
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EUPHORIAB.A.C. from 0,5 to 1 g/l.
Note: 0,5 g/L is the current B.A.C. limit to DRIVE in ITALY
LESS ATTENTION
UNCERTAIN MOVEMENTS
SLOWER RFEACTION TIME
UNCONSTRAINT
OVERESTIMATION of ONE’S CAPABILITY
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INEBRIATION
B.A.C. at 1,5 gr/l.
ACCELERATED BREATHING
ACCELERATED HEART BEAT
TALKATIVENESS, CONFUSION
RED FACE
EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY
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DRUNKNESS (BOTHERSOME)B.A.C. at 2 gr./l.
INCOHERENT
LACK OF CONTROL
UNCO-ORDINATED MOVEMENTS
LESS SENSITIVE to PAIN, HEAT, COLD
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SEVERE DRUNKNESSB.A.C. at 3 gr./l.
SEEING DOUBLE
MENTAL CONFUSION
REACTIONS VERY SLOW
MOVEMENTS VERY UNCO-ORDINATED
DEEP SLEEP
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COMA
B.A.C. at 4 gr./l.
LONG LASTING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
LACK OF SENSITIVENESS
LACK OF REACTIONS
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BREATH PARALYSIS
RISK OF DEATH
B.A.C. at 5 gr./l.