HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

KSH 3303

ALCOHOL ABUSE

Siti Fairuz Binti Latip

D2011104716

9

Nor Anis Binti Mohd Jai D20131062834

Group

members Dhachiayani A/P K. Pathmanathan D20131062822Asmirah Binti Jafarulla Khan D20131062803Ng Joe AnnD20131062806

In this section, we will discuss on:

Introduction to alcohol abuse

Causes of alcohol abuse

Effects of alcohol abuse

Prevention and treatment

INTRODUCTIONTO

ALCOHOL ABUSE

Alcohol Abuse as stated in DSM 1V-TR

People Drink Alcohol to

feel more relaxed Look cool Forget problems Join the party Have fun during the

holidays Enjoy sporting events Become intoxicated

The Drinking World

Normal Almost Alcohol Social Alcoholism AbuseAlcoholismDrinking

Assessment of Alcohol Abuse/Addiction

i. Addiction severity Index (ASI)ii. Alcohol Clinical Index (ACI)iii. CAGE test for alcohol addiction

(CAGE –AID)iv. AUDIT test for alcohol addictionv. Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale

(OCD)….and more than 90 types of assessments to screen alcohol abuse/dependant/additction

CAUSES OF

ALCOHOL

Causes of alcoholism

• People drink to buffer the impact of stress.

• Factor of heavy drink: Alienation from work, low job autonomy, lack of participation in decision making and financial strain.

• People begin drinking :To enhance positive emotions and

reduce negative ones.Alcohol – lower anxiety and depression

and improve self-esteem.• Many people except for Muslims-

drinking is associated with pleasant social occasions, and people may develop a social life centered on drinking.

• Alcoholism may represent untreated symptoms of depression or depression may act as an impetus for drinking in an effort to improve mood.

EFFECT OF

ALCOHOL ABUSE

SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ABUSE

Slurred speech Drowsiness Vomiting Diarrhea Upset stomach Headaches Breathing difficulties Distorted vision and hearing

Impaired judgment Decreased perception and coordination Unconsciousness Anemia (lack of red blood cells) Coma Blackouts (memory lapses, where

the drinker cannot remember events that occurred while under the influence)

LONG-TERM EFFECTS

OF ALCOHOL ABUSE

Unintentional injuries such as car crash, falls,

burns, drowning Intentional injuries such as

firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence Increased on-the-job injuries and

loss of productivity Increased family problems and

broken relationships Alcohol poisoning

Nerve damage Sexual problems Vitamin B1 deficiency, which can lead to

a disorder characterized by amnesia, apathy and disorientation Ulcers Gastritis (inflammation of stomach walls) Malnutrition

Brain: -Alcohol interferes with the brain’s communication pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks and works. -These disruptions can change mood and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly and move with coordination. - Can also cause permanent damage to the brain

Heart: -Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single occasion can damage the heart, causing problems including: -Cardiomyopathy – Stretching and drooping of heart muscle -Arrhythmias – Irregular heart beat -Stroke -High blood pressure

Pancreas: Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic

substances that can eventually lead to - Pancreatitis, a dangerous inflammation and swelling of the blood vessels in the pancreas that prevents proper digestion.

Liver: Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can

lead to a variety of problems and liver inflammations including:

-Steatosis, or fatty liver -Alcoholic hepatitis -Fibrosis -Cirrhosis

Cancer: Drinking too much alcohol can increase

your risk of developing certain cancers, including cancers of the:

-Mouth -Esophagus -Throat -Liver -Breast Research also shows that drinking

moderate amounts of alcohol may protect healthy adults from developing coronary heart disease.

Drinking too much can weaken the immune system, making it a much easier target for disease.

Chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much.

Drinking a lot on a single occasion slows your body’s ability to ward off infections – even up to 24 hours after getting drunk.

IMMUNE SYSYTEM

EPIDEMOLOGY

PREVENTION AND TREATMENT

Prevention Of Alcohol Abuse• Inducing adolescents to avoid

drinking• Social influence programs• Enhance adolescents’ self-

efficacy• Change social norms• Low-cost options

TREATMENT OF ALCOHOL ABUSE

• Stop or reduce drinking on their own• Later years of life• Socioeconomic status• Socially stable environments• Social support

TREATMENT PROGRAMS• Focus on factors in environment

that elicit drinking• Modifying the factors• Instill coping skills• Moderate length of participation• Involving relatives and employers

TREATMENT PROGRAMS• Detoxification• Produce severe symptoms and health problems• medically supervised period of alcohol withdrawal• receives education about his or her alcohol

problem and its treatment• Cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT)• Treat biological and environmental factors involved

in alcoholism• Decrease the reinforcing properties of alcohol• Self-monitoring• Relapse prevention• Practicing coping skills or social skills