Alcatel Microwave
59
ALCATEL MICROWAVE TRAINING Prepared By: RIZWAN AHMED RAFIQ Operation Support Engineer
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Alcatel Microwave
Transcript of Alcatel Microwave
ALCATELMICROWAVE TRAINING
Prepared By: RIZWAN AHMED RAFIQ
Operation Support Engineer (Training &
Consultancy)
Microwave Range Microwave range starts from 0.3Ghz to 300Ghz
MOST PRACTICAL RANGE FROM 1 GHz TO 100 GHz
ALCATEL MW RANGE 7-8-13-15-18-23-25-28-38 GHz
ADVANTAGES OF Microwaves:
1- COST EFFECTIVE.
2- SINGLE POINT MAINTENANCE.
3- QUICK DEPLOYMENT ACROSS RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS.
MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION
TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CAPACITY
1 - PDH PLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY
4E1,8E1,16E1,32E1.
2 - SDH SYHCRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY
STM-1,STM-4,STM16,STM-64.
TYPES OF LINKS
1 - AUDIO FREQUENCY =3.4 KHz (Audio Frequency Range 20 to 20,000 KHz)
2 - SAMPLING RATE = 8Khz sample/sec
3 - BITS PER SAMPLE = 8 bits/sample
4 - DATA RATE = (8bits/sample )(8khz samples/sec)= 64kbps
5 - E0 = 64kbps
6 - E1 = (32 )(64Kbps) = 2.048 Mb ( 32 Channels with 30 Channels for Voice&
2 Channels for Framing & Signaling (
7 - E2 = (4)*E1 = 4 (2.048) = 8.448 Mbps
8 - E3 = (4)*E2 = 4(8.448) = 34.36 Mbps
9 - E4 = (4)*E3 = 4( 34.36) = 139.264 Mbps.
PDHPlesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy
DATA RATE EQUVALENT PDH
STM-1 155.52 Mbps 63E1
STM-4 4*155.52 = 622.08 Mbps 252E1
STM-16 4*622.08 = 2.488 Gbps 1008E1
STM-64 4*2.488 = 9.953 Gbps 4032E1
SDHSynchronous Digital Hierarchy
TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CONFIGURATION
1+0 )Unprotected(
1+1 )Protected(
1+1 HSB (EQUIPMENT PROTECTION)
1+1 SD (EQUIPMENT + PATH PROTECTION+BEST
METHOD TO MINIMIZE MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE(.
1+1 FD (CHANNEL PROTECTION)
TYPES OF LINKS
RADIO MODEL
EMISSION DESIGNATAR
EMISSION DESIGNATAR
EIRP ( EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER)
EIRP IS ACTUAL RF POWER MEASURED AS MEASURED IN THE MAIN LOOB.
EIRP = 24 dbm – 1.7 dbm + 46.4 dbm = 68.70 dbm
RECEIVER SENSITIVITY (RX THRESHOLD)IS THE WEAKEST RF SIGNAL THAT A RADIO NEEDS RECEIVE TO DEMODULATE & DECODE A PACKET OF DATA WITHOUT ERRORS.
IT DEPENDS UPON BER THRESHOLD , FREQUENCY BAND , MODULATION SCHEME &. CAPACITY.
THERMAL FADE MARGIN)SYSTEM OPERATING MARGIN OR FADE MARGIN(
FADE MARGIN= RX SIGNAL – RECEIVER SENSITIVITY- = 28.35 dbm-(-85dbm) = 56.65 dbm.
LINK BUDGET
FREE SPACE LOSSThe Free Space Loss is predictable and given by the formula.
FSL = 92.4 + 20Log D + 20Log F
FSL = Free Space Loss (dB)
F = Frequency of transmission (GHz)
D = Distance between antennas (km)
FSL = 23.52 +24.30+ 92.4 = 140.29
RX SIGNAL (dbm)RX Signal = EIRP - FSL + RX Antenna Gain – Coax Cable Loss
RX Signal = 68.70dBm -140.29 + 46.4 dbm– 1.7dBm = -26.86dbm
BY INCLUDING REGIONAL EFFECTS (PATH DEPENDENT LOSSES)
RSL = -26.86 -1.46 = 28.32 dbm.
LINK BUDGET
POLARIZATION:ORIENTATION OF ELECTRIC COMPANENT OF EM WAVE WITH RESPECT TO GROUND
TYPES USED IN MW LINKS
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
CHOICE CRITERIA : VERTICAL POLARIZATION IS PREFFERED BECAUSE IT IS LESS PRONE TO NOISE & FADING, BUT TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WE ALSO USE HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION.
LINK BUDGET
.
IDU LEDs & FUNCTIONS
ON GREEN WHEN POWERED ON
ODUW (OUT DOOR UNIT WORKING)
GREEN WHEN CARRYING TRAFFIC
RDI (REMOTE DEFECT INDICATION)
RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON FAR END
LDI (LOCAL DEFECT INDICATION)
RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON NEAR END
MIN (MINOR) RED MINOR ALARMS
MAJ (MAJOR) RED MAJOR ALARMS
IDU LEDs & FUNCTIONS
EOW (ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE)
EOW IS COMMUNICATION PATH FOR VOICE OR DATA
THIS IS TRI STSTE LED 1 -GREEN ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE FREE.
2 -YELLOW ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE BUSY.
3 -YELLOW BLINKING RECEVING A CALL
ATTD (ATTENDED) YELLOW IT IS ON WHEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BUTTON HAS
BEEN PUSHED
IDU LEDs & FUNCTIONS
9400 AWY Extension IDU
9400 AWY Main IDU
Traffic
modules
IDU
Main IDU
Extension IDU
IDU
IDU
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (PUSH BUTTON)
THIS PUSH BUTTON IS USED FOR CALL .IT TURNS OFF LEDs MAJ/MIN AND TURN ON YELLOW LED.
LAMP TEST (PUSH BUTTON)
IT IS USED TO VERIFY THAT LEDS ARE WORKING PROPERLY OR NOT.
RESET (PUSH BUTTON)IT IS USED FOR THE RESET.
IDU
TPH (TELEPHONE PORT RJ-11) EOW TELEPHONE RJ11 PORT.
OS (OPERATING SYSTEM) RJ-45 PORT
ETHERNET CRAFT TERMIAL ACCESS. TWO LEDs :
1 -GREEN ETHERNET LINK IS UP 2 -ORANGE BLINKING TX OR RX ACTIVITY
IND (DEBUG) FOR FACTORY USE ONLY
ECT (EQUIPMENT CRAFT TEMINAL) RS-232 INTERFACE
9 PIN D TYPE FEMALE CONNECTOR
IDU
8E1/DS1 (37 PIN D-SUB FEMALE CONNECTOR) 1-8E1/DS1 TRIBUTRIES ACCESS.
ALM (ALARM HOUSEKEEPING)
NMS-G703USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.
NMS-V11USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.
SCSI (SMALL COMPUTER SERIAL INTERFACE)1+1 INTERCONNECTIO
IDU
POWER OPTIONS (3 PIN CONNECTOR)
THERE ARE THREE OPTIONS
1 -48 TO 60 VDC 20%
2 -24 VDC 20%
WHY WE USE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE ( e.g. -48VDC) ?
TO MINIMIZE THE INTERNAL NOISE IN – VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS EQUIPMENT TO GROUND SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS LESS
IN + VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS FROM GROUND TO EQUIPMENT SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS
HIGH
IDU
1+0 ODU solar shield viewODU Solar Shield1+1 ODU solar shield
view
ODU
REFLECTORCONVERGE THE INCOMMING WAVES TO FEED HORN & DIVERGE THE OUTGOINGWAVES TO REFLECTOR.
FEEDHORNTHIS IS FEED MECHANISM.
SHROUDERALLIGN THE MISS ALIGN WAVES TO MINIMISE DIFFEREACTION & REFLECTION TOMINIMIZE THE INTEFERENCE.
RADOMETO PROTECT THE REFLECTOR & FEED HORN AGAINST DUST, WATER etc.
ASSEMBLY
TO ATTACHE THE DISH WITH POLE.
MICROWAVE DISH PARTS
IF FREQUENCY (INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCE)
BAND SPECIFIC ( AM,FM, VESTEGIAL ,MW etc)&
EQUIPMENT SPECFIC (Alcatel, NEC, HUAWEI etc)
TWO MAJOR CLASSES
IF TX FREQUENCY = 340 MHz IF RX FREQUENCY = 140 MHz
&
IF TX FREQUENCY = 850 MHz
IF RX FREQUENCY = 450 MHz
IF FREQUENCY
IF TX FREQUENCY = 340 MHz
IF RX FREQUENCY = 140 MHz
CABLE IMPEDENCE = 50 Ohm
MAXIMUM LENGTH = 300m
TNC CONNCETORS ARE USED AT EACH END.
IF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS
STARTING
RED Triangle
Must Rotate
STARTING
Enter User Name & Password
User Name : initialPassword : initialing
STATUS CHECKING
RSL CHECKING
RSL CHECKING
This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.
ABNORMAL CONDITION LIST
This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.
ABNORMAL CONDITION LIST
This option helps you to avoid interference during Alignment of new link in the congested environment.
Also used during alignment of SD links and XPIC links.
TX MUTE
Event log is very useful for the links which fluctuates during night hours, at that time you are not on the site and you want to know the reason of fluctuations.
ALARM & EVENT LOG
ALARM & EVENT LOG
ALARM & EVENT LOG
HOW TO ACCESS FAR END?
HOW TO ACCESS FAR END?
LOOP BACK
BY RF LOOP BACK YOU CAN CHECK YOUR HARDWARE (IDU,ODU,IF CABLE,CONNECTORS),THAT THEY ARE WORKING PROPERLY
RF LOOP BACK
YOU CAN RESET NE FROM THIS OPTION.
RESTART NETWORK EQUIPMENT
TO CHANGE THE LOGIN DETAILS
Alarm Replaceable Unit ProblemProblem on a replaceable Unit Replace the Unit
Alarm Replaceable Unit Type MismatchMismatch between the installed unit and its software configuration
change the software according to unit specs or change the unit.
Alarm Internal communication problemconnection b/w ODU & IDU is lost
Alarm Version MismatchMismatch between the CT software version and the equipment software version.
Download the new software version.
EQUIPMENT ALARMS
Cable LOSProblem on the IDU/ODU link cable or on the ODU itself.Check the cable (disconnected, loose connection, cut, short circuited ,
defective connector etc(… If the alarm remains, change the ODU.
Incompatible FrequencyFrequency configuration setting incompatible with the ODU specsAdjust the frequency setting with the ODU frequency range or change the ODU.
Incompatible PTx)ODU (Output power out of range
Tx fail)ODU (Transmitter failure Replace the ODU
Problem on a replaceable Unit Replace the Unit
RADIO ALARMS
Mod fail )ODU (modulator failure Replace the ODU
Loss of frame & Rx fail )ODU (Loss of incoming frame at the antenna level .
Check the received level. Check the remote station Tx path first.
Check the local station Rx path .
Check the antennas alignment & connection to ODU.
Replace defective hardware part if any.
High / Low BER High / Low Bit Error Rate at Rx side .
Check the received level. Check the remote transmit path and the local receive
path (Soft configuration and hardware.
Investigate any frequency interference. Replace defective hardware part if any.
Problem on a replaceable Unit Replace the Unit
RADIO ALARMS
Alcatel-Lucent
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU
