Albinism. Genetic Engineering Altering the DNA of a cell or organism.
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Transcript of Albinism. Genetic Engineering Altering the DNA of a cell or organism.
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Albinism
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Genetic EngineeringAltering the DNA of a cell or organism
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G.E. Techniques
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DNA ExtractionHow do you get DNA out of a cell to
work with?
Cells cut open with enzymesDNA filtered out
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Multiplying DNA
PCR = process for multiplying DNADNA + Enzymes + Nucleotides
mixed in test tubePlaced in “PCR machine” to regulate
temp.
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PCR
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PCR
Kary Mullis –Invented PCR Won Nobel Prize in 1993
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Cutting DNA
DNA molecules too large to work with
Can be cut up using Restriction Enzymes -They cut DNA at specific nucleotide
sequences
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Restriction Enzymes
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DNA AnalysisGel electrophoresis – separates DNA
fragments for analysis
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Gel Electrophoresis
Think jell-o
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Gel Electrophoresis
Gel is sponge-like
DNA neg. charged
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Gel ElectrophoresisDNA has a (-) charge, moves to (+) end
of gel
Small pieces move in gel farther than large
DNA separated by size and charge
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*Bands on gel are DNA-
+
Ethidium bromide
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Genetic Engineering Uses
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Gel Elec. and Paternity Testing
If people related, DNA is similar
REs will cut a similar pattern, can be analyzed on gel
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CloningIan Wilmut - cloned Dolly the sheepNucleus from 1 sheep put into egg of
anotherEmbryo inserted into foster mother to
develop
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PlasmidsPlasmids – circular DNA molecule, found
in bacteria
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PlasmidsPlasmid cut open with REs Gene of interest inserted into plasmid
• Recombinant DNA – DNA from 2 organisms combined
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PlasmidsNext, plasmid placed into bacteria cellProtein synthesis of gene carried out
What could be a use of this technique?
Ex. Diabetes
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Diabetes
Diabetics unable to produce insulin
Insulin gene inserted into plasmid and bacteria produce it for them
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Firefly Luciferase