Albert Einstein Theory E=MC2 Interpretation

By

B.B.S.KumarResearch Scholar, Jain University,

Assistant Professor, ECE Dept., RRCE , Bengaluru, India

[email protected]

Albert Einstein Theory

E=MC2 Interpretation

Faculty Development Program

Presentation on

Presentation Overview The Birth

Education

The Theory of Light

Einstein Field Equations

Theory of Relativity

E=MC²

The Brownian Motion

The Photoelectric Effect

Nobel Prize

Atomic Bomb

Scientist Conflict & Research

Einstein was Offered the Presidency of Israel

Time Magazine

Albert Einstein Famous Quotes

Albert Einstein Death

12/17/20142 FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India

The Birth

12/17/2014FDP, Dept of ECE, RRCE, Bengaluru, India3

• Albert Einstein is born to Hermann

Einstein a salesman and engineer and

his wife Pauline in Ulm, Germany,

14 march 1879.

• Residences Germany, Italy,

Switzerland, and USA.

• Ethnicity Ashkenazi Jewish

Education


• Albert Einstein attended a Catholic School.

• Although Einstein had early speech difficulties

(he often said he used to repeat his own

sentences), he was a top student in elementary

school.

• Einstein family moved to Italy, Einstein had

been left behind to finish high school, but he

withdrew to join his family .

• Rather than completing high school, Einstein

decided to apply directly to the ETH Zurich, the

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich

which he did not get into .

• His family sent him away to finish secondary

school.

• In 1901, the year he gained his diploma.

• In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree.

The Theory of Light


Before Einstein no one reallyunderstood how light really worked. Itwas a wave, particles, quanta…… noone really new.

Light did not follow Newtonians physics.

In 1905 Einstein put out a paper thatdeclared light, travels as both a waveand as particles called quanta, mostlybecause it has to.

In 1911, he finally gets a job as aProfessor of Physics at the GermanUniversity.

Contd…

…


Einstein Field Equations


The Einstein field equations are aset of ten equations in Einstein'stheory of general relativity in whichthe fundamental force ofgravitation is described as a curvedspace time caused by matter andenergy. They were first published in1915.

The Einstein field equations areused to determine the curvature ofspace time resulting from thepresence of mass and energy. Thatis, they determine the metric tensorof space time for a givenarrangement of stress-energy in thespace time.

Theory of Relativity


First Part: Special Relativity Special relativity is based on two postulates :

1. The laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion relative to one another

2. The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless of their relative motion or of the motion of the source of the light.

The resultant theory has many surprising consequences. Some of these are:

• Time dilation: Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an observer's "stationary" clock.

• Length contraction: Objects are measured to be shortened in the direction that they are moving with respect to the observer.

• Relativity of simultaneity: Two events that are simultaneous to an observer A may not be simultaneous to an observer B if B is moving

Contd……


General RelativityWhich primarily applies to particles as they accelerate,particularly due to gravitation, and acts as a radical revision ofNewton’s theory, predicting important new results for fast-moving and/or very massive bodies.

Some of the consequences of general relativity are:

• Time goes more slowly in higher gravitational fields. This is called gravitational time dilation.

• Orbits process in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of gravity. (This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary pulsars).

• Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational field.

• Frame-dragging, in which a rotating mass "drags along" the space time around it.

E=MC²


Energy equals mass

times the speed of light

squared. Formula was

derived due to Einstein's

realization of how closely

energy and a mass of a

body is connected.

This formula suggests

that tiny amounts of mass

can be converted into

huge amounts of energy.

E=mc2


E = Energy, m = mass, c = Speed of light

c=λo/f, λo = wave length, f = frequency

Earth = Matter = Atoms = ((Neutrons + Protons)

Nucleus & Electrons

Physical Quantity = Electrical Signal = Random Signal

=parameters(time, frequency, phase, magnitude)

Vector & Scalar Quantity

Orthogonal - Basis Function-1D, 2D………….

Electromagnetic Waves : travel near to speed of light

Contd….


Know that the equation is simply about special

relativity: mass can turn into energy and energy can

turn into mass

To find out how much energy an object has,

multiply the mass of the object by the square of the

speed of light : Pure energy is electromagnetic

radiation and electromagnetic radiation moves at the

speed of light in a perfect vacuum

Calculate the square of speed of light : kinetic

energy= (1/2) x mass x velocity2

The square of the speed of light is a very large figure:

around 448,900,000,000,000,000 in units of mph; even

a small chunk of matter can produce a large amount of

energy.

The Brownian Motion


Brownian motion is the

seemingly random

movement of particles

suspended in a liquid or gas

or the mathematical model

used to describe such

random movements, often

called a particle theory.

Examined molecular action

that supported the Atomic

Theory.

The Photoelectric Effect


The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from matter after the absorption of energy from electromagnetic radiation such as x-rays or visible light.

Einstein hypothesized that the number of electrons released would not depend on that light's energy. Confirming his hypothesis through several experiments, Einstein won the Nobel Prize of 1921 for his works in his field.

Nobel Prize


Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics quantum theory of light, "Generation and Conversion of Light with Regard to a Heuristic Point of View," for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 was published. The paper dealt with the photoelectric effect and postulated that light sometimes acts like a stream of particles with discrete energies, or quanta.

Atomic Bomb


Einstein urging U.S. developing weapon. In August 1939, Roosevelt received the Einstein letter and authorized secret research into the harnessing of nuclear fission for military purposes.

Einstein formula E=MC² was key in the United States developing the atomic bomb.

Scientist Conflict & Research


Newton & Einstein(Gravity)

Neil Bohr & Einstein(Atomic Structure)

Bosons & Einstein(Statistics Quantum)

Higgs & Boson(God’s Particle)

Einstein was Offered the

Presidency of Israel


After the death of the first president of Israel in 1952, the Israeli government decided to offer the post of second president to Einstein. He refused but found the offer an embarrassment since it was hard for him to refuse without causing offence.

Time Magazine


In 1999, Albert Einstein was named

"Person of the Century" by Time

magazine, a Gallup poll recorded

him as the fourth most admired

person of the 20th century and

according to The 100: A Ranking of

the Most Influential Persons in

History, Einstein is "the greatest

scientist of the twentieth century and

one of the supreme intellects of all

time."

Albert Einstein Famous Quotes


• True religion is real living; living with all one's soul, with all one's goodness and righteousness.

• Things should be made as simple as possible, but not any simpler.

• The truth of a theory is in your mind, not in your eyes.

• Two things are infinite: the universe and human stupidity; and I'm not sure about the universe.

• Only a life lived for others is a life worth while.

• If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z. Work is x; y is play; and z is keeping your mouth shut.

• I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.

• If I had my life to live over again, I’d be a plumber.

• The hardest thing in the world to understand is the income tax.

• If you can't explain it simply you don't understand it well enough.

Albert Einstein Death


On 17 April 1955, Albert Einstein experiencedinternal bleeding caused by the rupture of an aorticaneurysm. He took a draft of a speech he waspreparing for a television appearancecommemorating the State of Israel's seventhanniversary with him to the hospital, but he did notlive long enough to complete it. He died inPrinceton Hospital early the next morning at theage of 76.

Einstein's remains were cremated and his asheswere scattered. Einstein's last words will never beknown as he said them in German and theattending nurse could not speak German .

Before the cremation, Princeton Hospitalpathologist Thomas Stoltz Harvey removedEinstein's brain for preservation, without thepermission of his family, in hope that theneuroscience of the future would be able todiscover what made Einstein so intelligent.


“Good listener always good learner, have

patience to get break through”

Thank you!

By

B.B.S.Kumar

Albert Einstein Theory E=MC2 Interpretation

Education

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