Nanoforum 2012 Rome, 26 th September 2012

Research & Technology Development

Nanocomposites: present and future challenges for sustainable and safe industrial solutions.

RTD

Summary

» Albelissa Approach to RTD » Nanocomposites for sustainable

solutions » Nanotech trends & market » Functionalities & solutions » Envi & human impact

» Conclusions and question time

Components of Innovation

ALBELISSA APPROACH TO RTD

Stage-Gate Innovation Process

ALB RTD Innovation Process

ALBELISSA RTD

ALBELISSA Engineering

Categories of Innovation An Innovation that cannot be used by customers in mainstream markets – introduces new dimensions of performances

Disruptive

Application

Product

Process

Takes existing technologies into new markets to serve new purposes

Improves established offering in markets,… performances, cost, usability, etc.

Optimise industrial processes for existing offerings in established markets more efficient or effective

Experiential Modifications that improve the customers’ overall experience with established offering

Marketing Improvements to customer-touching processes, such as communications or transactions

Business Model

Changes the way you make money and the corresponding value proposition to customers

Capitalizes on changes that restructure an industry Structural

RTD Services

» Let latent needs emerge (needs analysis)

» Provide technological bundling (tech HUB)

» Tech selection & tech transfer

» Wing to wing R&D solutions

» Technology procurement

» Technological scouting

» Talent scouting

» R&D outsource

» Patent review & IPR industrial exploitation

RTD integration and support

» Act as RTD outsource partner: extension/integration of Customers’ R&D facilities and infrastructure

» Flexible staffing of RTD groups or selected and targeted applied research specialists to be allocated on identified development tasks/programmes

» RTD Fund rasing:

• Participation to EU projects

• Proposals preparation

• Submission

• Consortium set up

A FAST GROWING MARKET: NANOMEDICINE

Nanomedicine

Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to achieve breakthroughs in healthcare.

• It exploits the improved and often novel physical, chemical and biological properties of materials at the nanometer scale.

•Nanomedicine has the potential to enable early detection and prevention, and to essentially improve diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of diseases.

Nanomedical market

Nanomedical mkt figures

The global nanomedicine market reached: $63.8 billion in 2010

and $72.8 billion in 2011.

The market is expected to grow to $130.9 billion by 2016

at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% between years 2011 and 2016.

Press Release published in January 2012 by Global Information Inc. (GII) to announce the new market research report "Nanotechnology in Medical Applications: The Global Market" by BCC Research.

Point of Care Treatment (POCT) market

• Blood Glucose

• Blood gas/Electrolytes

• Hematology

• Pregnancy/Fertility

• Tumor markers

• Cardiology

• Coagulation

• Infectious diseases

• Drugs of Abuse

• Clinical

• Chemistry/Urinalysis

Nanotech for Osteogenesis and osteointegration

Some figures displaying market potential:

The clinical burden with fractures alone costs 17€ billion to EU, $20billion to US annually.

8 million bone fractures in US nd 5-10% delayed healing/re-union

Osteoporosis 75million people in EU, US, JP; increase of hip fracture of 310% (men) and 240% (women) by 2050

NANOCOMPOSITES FOR FAST GROWING MARKETS: SOLUTIONS FOR BIO MED

Laser / inkjet -patterning

(A) Laser-Guided Direct Write (LGDW) laser focused into a suspension of particles particles trapped by the light are pulled through the fluid and deposited on a target surface; (B) MAPLE DW a laser pulse focusing on the absorbing layer evaporates the matrix containing biological material on the lower side of the substrate due to localized heating and thus pushes the material towards the substrate; (C) Inkjet technology ejects material piezoelectric, thermally actuated or electrostatically actuated after receiving a signal

printed cell patterns with 2 different cell types

Nanostructured fibres

SEM (secondary electrons):

adherent cells murine fibroblasts

gold on carbon based nanostructured fibres

[CRYSTAL project onCryo-banking of stem cells for human therapeutic application]

120 m

Nanoparticles Magnetofection technology (Magnetic target delivery) to carry by magnetovectors in vivo and in vitro to vehiculate compounds able to modulate ENaC expression by RNA interference to cure Cystic fibrosis

novel magnetic nanoparticles formulations based on Magnetofection, industrial products: SilenceMag, ViroMag and ViroMag R/L, by OZ Biosciences

NPs for magnetofection

Transfection via magnetic carriers (viromag) in ratt stomach tissues

Magnetic nanovectors

Magnetically enhanced nucleic acid delivery. Ten years of magnetofection—Progress and prospects, Christian Planka, Olivier Zelphatib, Olga Mykhaylyka, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Volume 63, Issues 14–15, November 2011, Pages 1300–1331, Hybrid nanostructures for diagnostics and therapeutics

Theragnostics through nano-biomarkers/carriers New diagnostic based on nanotechnology to quantify disease-related biomarkers

earlier and more personalised risk assessment before symptoms show up

Nanotechnology improve in vitro diagnostic tests by providing more sensitive detection technologies by binding nano-labels to disease-specific molecules (surface functionalisation)

SiNWsand CNTs are capable of detecting molecules at ultra low concentrations

Theragnostics and imaging

• Therapy- targeted delivery, nanovectors

• Nano-assisted regenerative medicine treatments of osteoarthritis could include disease modifying therapies

• In vitro, in vivo imaging: nanoparticle coating, to improve its efficiency of targeting and biocompatibility.

Dendrimers for theragnostics

Denrimers as nanocale platforms

…other agents are based on liposomes, emulsions, or other macromolecular constructs.

Bio Sensors

Screen-printed Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Monitoring Metal Pollutants

SPCEs modified with carbon nanoparticles -> amperometric based sensor capable of determining Hg2+ levels as low as 1 ng/mL [1]

Arduini F., Majorani C., Amine A., Moscone D., Palleschi G., Hg2+ detection by measuring thiol groups with a highly sensitive screen-printed electrode modified with a nanostructured carbon black film. Electrochim. Acta, 2011, 56, 4209–4215.

CNT integration in ICs for bio-sensing applications

• Deposition platform on waferscale based on dielectrophoresis (DEP)

• CNT-metal contact engineering

• Fabrication of CNT-FET structures for characterization and tuning

• Integration in process lines

Electrostatically actuated NEMS Switch (CNT, SiNW)

Three-state NEMS switches. (a) Device array design. (b-d) Top-view of a few devices.

The labeling of terminals T2 and T3 is shown in panel b. Panel c illustrates the labeling of terminal T1, which represents the two device contacts held at an identical potential.

Nanosensor Device Characterisation NW based

devices show:

• high sensitivity

•Calibration

•Stability

•repetition

Electrochemical-based Nanobiosensors • Blood Glucose

• Blood gas/Electrolytes

• Hematology

• Pregnancy/Fertility

• Tumor markers

• Oncology

• Cardiology

• Coagulation

• Infectious diseases

• Drugs of Abuse

• Clinical/Enzymatic

• Chemistry/Urinalysis

Nanotech for Osteogenesis and osteointegration

nanotopography and biomaterials for skeletal stem cells based bone repair

Osteoblasts enhanced adhesion to nanoscale (1-100nm) alumina, titania, hydroxy hapatite, Titanium Alloy (Ti6AL4V) w.r.t micro-scaled patterning of ceramic materials

Electron beam litography for nanotopographic surface patterns

Nano patterning

Square arrangements of nanopits maintain the stem cells state for multiple passages (SEM)

In vitro differentiation of skeletal stem cells

Synthetic eye prosthesis: Nanomodified surfaces

Synthetic eye prosthesis (cornea implant):

Layer-by-layer technique (nanoscaled ionic polymers)

For modification of haptic and edge

Abrasion resistance

Riblet-structure based on embossed UV-curable nanocomposite containing nanosilica

(resistant to abrasion) imitating shark skin surface

(Fraunhofer IFAM Bremen)

HRSEM of ZnO coated fabric

Fibers after sonication are homogeneously coated with nanoparticles. The distribution of the particles is quite narrow primary particles are in a very low nanometric range (~ 30 nm)

Industrial scale unit

Industrial prototype sketch

Mechanism of nano-coating » The after-effects of the cavitation are several

hundred times greater in heterogeneous systems than in homogeneous systems.

» In the SONO process, the ultrasonic waves promote the fast migration of the newly-formed NPs to the fabric's surface

» Mechanical interaction may cause a local melting of the fibers at the contact sites, which may be the reason why the particles strongly adhere to the fabric's.

Nanoparticles: structure at micro-nano scale

Sono Antibacterial efficiency

Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences Singh et al. 2012 : 2 (1) 106-120

NANOCOMPOSITE AND NANOSTRUCURED SURFACES FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

RTD Domains & solutions

Material and material surface functionalisation;

nanotechnologies:

» Hard Coatings

» Polymers functionalisation

» Flat surfaces- continuous process

» 3D shaped surfaces- batch process

» Vacuum treatment

» Atmospheric pressure treatment

» Plasma / sol-gel / thermal treatment

Typical solutions

» Enhancing wear and scratch resistance

» Balistic properties

» Provide chemical inertness

» Adhesion control (hydro-/oil- phylic repellence)

» Surface self cleaning/anti-fingerprint

» Appearance (color)

» Electrical and thermal properties (insulating/conducting layers)

» Biocompatibility

» Encapsulation of substrate

Interface structure on the grain boundary

Nanolayer-Struktur

50 nm

Nanocomposite Nanolayer Nanogradient

100 nm

Show structural changes in the range of 10 nm

Nanostructured Coatings

Tensile and mechanical properties

Scale:500 nm

Multilayer Improves Coating Toughness

Source: A. Matthews, University of Hull, UK

-advantage-6: Multilayer Depositon

Micro-scale functional coatings

Metal substrate

Multilayer step A

Multilayer step B

Top coating

Multilayer, n.5

alternate A+B

layers, fixed

stoichiometry,

thickness =

0,5 T

Top coating,

different

stoichiometry,

thickness =

0,5 T

Total coating

thickness = T

Gradient layer

Adhesion layer

Coating

structure

Functional & decorative coatings

•Machining, forming cutting •Components friction control •Superhard surfaces •Biocompatibility

Athomic layer deposition

INRIM

Anti-dots

Surface energy & adhesion control in industrial processes

•Hydro- oleo-repellence •Hydrophylic •Non fouling •antibacterial

•Anti fingerprint •Wear resistance •Chemical inertness

Modularity for industrial needs: batch and continuous processing solutions

Univ. Studdgardt, Mugge Electronics

Axyis – plasma jet

SIDEL- vacuum deposition in cavities

FROM: FUNCTIONALITY TO: NANO-SUSTAINABILITY AND NANO-SAFETY

Integral Eco-design perspective

Target to:

» Functional performance

» Cost effectiveness

» Environmental sustainability

» Human Safety

Through:

» RTD on materials, products and processes

» Life Cycle Costing

» Life cycle assessment ISO 14040, nano-toxicology

Sistemic approach

Environ. sustainabilty LCA

Process

(Traditional or

innovative)

Inputs (energy, raw

materials)

Outputs (air emissions, water

emissions, solids,…)

Final product: functionalised

surface

LCA CODE

(Computation)

GER EU POPC Acid GWP Total

emissions Total raw

materials

LIFE CYCLE FRAMEWORK

Goal

definition

Life Cycle

Inventory

Impact

Assessment

ISO 14041

ISO 14042

I

N

T

E

R

P

R

E

T

A

T

I

O

N

ISO 14043

LCA according to ISO 14040

Global Warming Potential (GWP)

Acidification Potential (AP)

Eutrophication Potential (EP)

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP)

CML 2 with toxicity assessment

Nanotoxicity assessment

• Preparation protocols

• 1) for well defined test systems

• 2) For hazard assessment, i.e. in test media idealised vs. realistic conditinos

• Establisch, validate and harmonize stanards operation protocols

Nanotoxicity - Genotoxicity • NMs / NPs features affecting

• Size, agglomeration, aggregation

• shape and geometry (particles, fibres, tubes, horns, membranes,...)

• Surface properties (porosity) charge

• Surface modifications, coatings, functional groups

• Chiemical composition

• Cristallinity

• Solubility, dispersibility

• Bio persistence

• Hardness

• Impurities, catalysits

EU prjs & initiatives

NANOGenotox Prj on safety evaluation of manufactured NMs by characterisation of potential genotoxic hazard

Characterisation of NMs (CNTs, TiO2, SiO2):

- Characterisation

- Genotoxixcity

- Toxicokinetics

Testing of JRC repository using also NAPHIRA NMs DB & OECD hamonised templates, Synergies with ISO TC229. In vivo and in vitro testing.

Nanodevice Prj.

Novel concept, methoods and technologies for the productioon of Portable Easy-to-use devices for measurementand Analysis of Airborne Engineered Nanoparticles in Workspace Air

Research: effects of MWCNT on Immune sys and lungs

\

Dispersed CNTs absorption in living tissiues

Retention kinetics

Determinants of CNT toxicity

What are the causes of the assessed CNTs toxicity:

• Presence of metallic contaminants?

• Surface defecs playing a role?

• Crystallinity?

• ...?

EU Initiatives on nano-safety

Conclusions • Nanomaterials and NP based composites paved the

way to new components and system enhanced functionalities in conventional and cutting edge industrial sectors due bulk and surface properties

• Development of innovative solutions based on nanomaterials display a huge potential especially in fast growing marktets such as biomedical for medical assays, diagnosis, therapy

• Manufacture, commercialisation and use of NM-based devices and products addresses important issues of sustainability and safety: specific environmental and toxicity assessment has to be carreid out on a case to case basis through LCA and nanotoxicity assessment to support applicability.

...any question?

massimo.perucca@albelissa.com

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