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Alarms structured management systems
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Transcript of Alarms structured management systems
ALARMSSTRUCTURED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
Enrico QUERCI
April 12, 2017
IntroductionPreliminary
Goal of Alarm Management
Alarm Management Implementation
Definition of Alarm
Day Agenda
Rationalisation of AlarmsManagement procedures
Alarms recipients
Mobility diffusiontools
Application domainsAnswers and Questions
12/04/2017 Alarm management – Preliminary 2
Introduction
12/04/2017 Alarm management 3
Preliminary
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Beyond easy alarmism or doomsday scenarios, some examples of a not optimal alarmsmanagement may be useful: 1976: Seveso 1979: Three Mile Island 1984: Bhopal 1987: Herald of Free Enterprise 1994: Milford Haven 1996: Channel Tunnel
It is firstly necessary to establish the general philosophy of alarms monitoringand control: Choice between automatic or manual
control Choice which parts to automate and why Consider that alarms are linked to many
aspects due to important human factors Consider a larger control spectrum,
environmental and about interfacing –see EEMUA Publication 201
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Preliminary
Preliminary
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A correct Alarm Management procedure presupposes: The preliminary analysis of
site operation The preliminary analysis of
alarms informations to use The preliminary analysis of
existing organisationalstructure of available staff and of maintenance staff
The structured organisation (or modifications to existingorganisation) of available staff and maintenance staff
The structured organisation of informations flux from the installation to the staff to be recipient of informations• Alarms per hour rate• Used media
Adherence to internationalstandards (EEMUA-191, IEC 62682 and/or ISA Working Groups)
Preliminary
The EEMUA 191 standard is known as the “industry best practice” for alarms management.It does not specify the requested performances for any specific case of a given alarms management system, which would be a reasonableexpectation following the particular situation of each installation.Most users identified, as a reference point for operators, the rule ‘an alarmper ten minutes as an average, ten alarms in ten minutes during a massive alarm session in the installation’ as universally acceptable.In any case, the practice suggests that, in some cases, expectations pose a challenge, not ever faceable with Technologies available today.
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PreliminaryThe IEC 62682 standard rules all the lifecycle phases(developement, design, installation and operation) for the alarmsmanagement in Process Industry.It defines terminology and workflow processes recommended to efficacely maintain an alarm System along all its lifecycle.It was written as an extension of 2009 ISA 18.2 standard considering other guide documents developed at industrial level.Ineffective alarm Systems have often been cited as determinant factors in diagnostic reports for major process defaults.This standard has been thought to provide a methodology to obtain more safety in Process Industry.
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12/04/2017 Alarm management – Goal of Alarm Management 9
The Alarm Management concerns not only the optimisation of the number of alarms sent to operators, but above all the way the staff responds to alarms
The Alarm Management goal is also to provide operators with a consistent and reliable action event notification interface that supports their efforts to safely and efficiently operate the process
Alarm Management is applicable not only to continuous processes with Distributed Control Systems (“DCS”)
Alarm Management is applicable also to low and/or medium size installations, whose reliability is based on human response to alarms, for example stocking sites
«Calls for human-centred» design
Goal of Alarm Management
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• The Alarm Management implementation is made through 3 steps (CCA principle): Causes of each alarm Operating Consequences of each alarm Actions to take to avoid (or minimize) consequences, and solve the alarm
cause
• For each parameter generating alarms, document CCA as an help for agents of Operation and Maintenance.
• CCA documents must be available from each operator station• If an anomaly has no consequence, or needs no operators’
actions, there is no need to generate its alarms
Goal of Alarm Management
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Alarm Management must allow the resolution of defaults causes
in the easiest and fastest possible way So, an effective Alarm Management System has to be
designed, implemented and maintained to providethe intervention staff with
all necessary elements to operatecorrectly and rapidly.
Goal of Alarm Management
1. Assuring usability of the Alarm Management System
2. Identifying Safety aspects
3. Contantly and regularly monitoring the System performances
4. Reducing the so-called “overall cost of ownership” through the engineering initial process
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Goal of Alarm Management
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Philosophy: documenting goals, guidelines and operation processes of the Alarm Management System
Identification: determining potential alarms
Rationalisation: process determining which alarms are really necessary, establishing their parameters (alarmcondition, priority, classification, …) and documenting them(cause, consequency, correction actions, response times, …) in a Master Alarm Database.
Detailed Design: system designing following the requirements defined for Rationalisation and Philosophy. Including base and advanced designing of alarms and HMI.
Implementation: the Alarm Management System is made operational (installation and commissioning, initial testsand initial users training).
Operation: the Alarm Management System is operational. Operators are using the tools for the diagnostic and to respond to alarms.
Alarm Management implementation
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Maintenance: alarms are set «out of service» duringperiods of maintenance, components substitution and installations periodical test.
Monitoring and «Assesment»: performances of an Alarm Management System are compared with KPIsproduced during the design phase. Problematicalalarms are clearly identified ( transitory alarms, frequent alarms).
Management of Change: it is the authorising processto make add, modification and suppression of alarms.
Audit: periodically, an audit of alarm management processes is made (for example comparing alarmsparametrisation on the DCSes with the Master Alarm Database).
Alarm Management implementation
Defining first of all what we mean with “alarm”.An alarm is a visual and/or acustic signalisation to operators of a default (i.e. a component fault),
of a deviation from normal process operation (i.e. temperature out of range),
or of an abnormal condition (i.e. intrusion into a reserved area),
requesting a reaction as a correcting action.
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Alarm definition
An alarm is visual and/or acoustic signalisation …Alarms are to be notified.
… to operators …Notification is to be addressed to operators to be identified as an alarm.It must not provide informations to engineers, nor to maintenance technicians nor to managers. What we normally mean with “alarm threshold” can be a parameter configured to generate control actions or data trace, without being a real alarm.
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Alarm definition
… of an equipement default, a process deviation or an abnormal condition …Alarms must inform about problems, not about a process normal condition (i.e. stopped pump, closed valve, …).
… requesting a reaction as a correcting action.A well defined response must come from operators to correct the alarm situation and restore a desired state of the process (safe and/or productive).If operators must not respond to the signalisation, it must not be considered an alarm.
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Alarm definition
Rationalisation of Alarm Management procedures
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Which are the base characteristics of a correctly manageable alarm? Relevance: an alarm must not be transitory and must have a really operational goal
Unique: alarms must not be duplicates, nor redundant
Correct times management: an alarm must not require an eccessive reaction time nor must be sent too late to be solved
Correct priority: the priority of each alarm must correspond to its real importance
Comprehensibility: the alarm message must be clear and easily comprehesible
Diagnosis: each alarm must clearly identify the corresponding default
Advisory: the alarm message must clearly indicate the actions to perform to solve the alarm causes
Focused: the alarm messages must focus the attention only on the really important: they must provide no unuseful and/or misleading information
12/04/2017 Alarm management – Caratteristiche degli Allarmi 19
Alarms characteristics
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Typical alarm situations
Manageable alarms number
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Maximum # Alarms per Hr
Ave
rage
# A
larm
s per
Hr 1 -Overloaded
2 - Reactive
3 - Stable4 - Robust
5 - Predictive
600060060
600
60
6 X
ImpossibleImpossible
Alarms recipientsWe saw that messages must be notified to operators to be identified as alarms.Each alarm message must be properly classified, and sent only to recipients operators.That’s to avoid roles overlapping or confusion in alarm management, with consequent not optimal use of Company operating resources.Solutions used for alarm management must allow, in a simply, fast and intuitive way:
the correct classification of each alarm
the consequent diffusion to correct recipient operators the possibility for operators to exploit informations wherever they operate
the possibility to implement escalation mechanisms
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Mobility diffusion tools
Particurarly, the need to exploit informations concerning alarms also in mobility is more and more expressed by operators.This allows to receive messages and to manage alarms also without necessarily constantly guard installations.
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Mobility diffusion tools
Both Technologies historically present in industrial or civil domains (SMS, email, …) and more recent, performant and reliable Technologies may be used to diffuse and consequently manage alarms.
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Mobility diffusion toolsA particular important feature is the possibility to manage alarms concerning Safety of operators working in hazardous environments.It must be possible sending alarms explicitily on demand (voluntary alarms), or automatically on event (immobility, verticality, maximum work time, …).
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Application domains
Alarms can be managed in a structured and standardized way in any application domain.Alarm Management is an almost vertical procedure.The Alarm Management general principle is applicable, with specific adaptations, to any situation and process.
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Questions & Answers
Thank you for you attention.We are at your disposal for any question you may have.You may concat us by email at
[email protected] by phone:
+39 348 025 7900
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