Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004.
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Transcript of Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Aims of the meeting
At least four universities in Switzerland do research in Neutrino Physics. It is felt that the subject is very important (one of the three pillars of particle physics in the forseable future), but that we would benefit from sharing our views on this future.
Even before the birth of CHIPP it had been envisaged to assemble the Swiss neutrino community to share our activities, discuss physics and define our longer time goals in common. The advent of CHIPP has given this project a natural framework.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
participants: about 40 mostly from institutes engaged in neutrinos (Be, Ge, Ne, ETHZ) + a good participation from other groups (EPFL, PSI, UZ…)
directed at
- revue of present activities (HARP/K2K, OPERA, ETHZ)- mid-term future (T2K)- neutrinoless double beta decay- longer term future (Future CERN neutrino programme, R&D on detectors (Larg TPC) and acelerators (MICE) )
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Summary -- ongoing activities
HARP/K2K HARP data taking was concluded in 2002, the experiment took a large amount of data pertinent to the particle production from various beams and targets for future neutrino facilities (in particular the K2K and MiniBoone targets, also superbeam and neutrino factory). The first results of HARP and of K2KII were made public this year. The Geneva group is member of HARP and K2KII. This activity is expected to phase out after data taking in K2K is finished in 2005.
OPERA is an experiment in preparation to take data in the CNGS beam in 2006 for at least five years. The target lead emulsion sandwich is designed to identify tau appearance events with low background. (a total of 10-20 events is expected after 5 years run). OPERA also claims be sensitive to the <-> e appearance down to an angle of about 70. Neuchâtel and Bern are involved in OPERA, and all forces will be absorbed on the preparation of the experiment until the start in 2006.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
ICARUS is a large liquid argon TPC. The technique has been the object of extensive R&D for many years, and results from the operation of a 600 ton prototype since 2001 were shown (Michel parameter from muon decays) . It offers the capability of tracking, as well as scintillation and Cherenkov light detection. Free drift of electrons with absorption length of up to 3 m have been observed. The group at ETHZ is committed to ICARUS, which will install the 600 ton prototype as fast as permitted (hopefully data at CNGS end 2005), and then further modules of 1.2 tons in LNGS as permitted. ICARUS should be quite powerful to search the <-> e appearance down to an angle of about 30.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Probability of claiming a 4 discovery in 5 years
SK 90% CL
Opera, no beam upgrade but half background
Opera with beam*2
Opera withbeam*3
Opera with beam*4
Opera no beam upgrade
Opera with f oreseen beamupgrade
(1.5)
1.9 10-33 10-3
PionPionyieldyield
To be decoupled from absorption and reinteractioneffects we have used a thin target
datadatapp--e/e/misidentification misidentification background background
K2K replica targetK2K replica target
5% 5% Al targetAl target
200% Al target
<-- First results from HARP
<-- OPERA confident to demonstrate tau appearance in 5 years
ICARUS operated 600ton proto with electron abs. length of 3m…
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Summary: T2K
There was a clear consensus that the T2K experiment appears to be the most promising experiment along the line of research started with CNGS, and there is strong support for a qualified and visible participation of the Swiss groups in the experiment.
At present, T2K Europe has proposed to equip the 280 m pit with the large magnet inherited from NOMAD/UA1, so that the near detector be a full-fledge spectrometer to analyse all particles produced at these energies by neutrinos on a water target; University of Geneva, in particular, considers participating in the construction of the tracker. A second near-detector station at 2km from the neutrino target is likely to be realized in the second phase of the experiment. It would have a flux much more similar to the flux at the far detector than the 280 m station. There, the merits of a liquid argon TPC detector as proposed by ETHZ for near stations in LBL neutrino beams will be manifest. Such a detector would represent a natural and very powerful solution allowing precise topological measurement of final states with pions and photons.
Future investigations along both lines will be conducted in order to define a coherent and organized participation of Switzerland to the T2K project.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Status of T2K
Tokai to Kamioka Neutrino Project at J-PARCJune 21, 2004
Koichiro Nishikawa
Kyoto University
beam of ?1GeVKamioka
J-PARC(Tokai-village)
?? xx disappearance
?? ee appearance
NC measurement
0.75 MW 50 (40) GeV PS
Super-K: 50 ktonWater Cherenkov
~Mt “Hyper Kamiokande”
4MW 50GeV PS
CP violationproton decay
Approved exp (x102 of K2K)
Future Extension
“T2K” (Tokai-to-Kamioka) neutrino experiment
LOI: hep-ex/0106019
Collaboration• Formed in May 2003• 12 countries, 52 institutions• 148 collaborators (w/o students)
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
• Muonmonitors @ ~140m– spill-by-spill monitoring of beam direction/intensity
• First Front detector @280m– 0 degree definition– High stat. neutrino inter. studies
• (Second Front Detector @ ~2km for future addition)
• Far detector @ 295km– Super-Kamiokande(50kt)
1.5km
295km
0.28km
Neutrino spectra at diff. dist
dominant syst. in K2K
p
140 m0 m 280 m 2 km 295 km
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
The present detector concept
empty targets
water targets
suggested detectors:
loverre, sanchez, radicioni
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Summary -- double beta decay
The issue of whether neutrinos are Dirac type or Majorana-type particles is one of the most fundamental ones. If successful, a neutrino-less double beta decay experiment could answer this question and determine the absolute scale of neutrino masses. A more detailed answer would require knowledge of the mass hierarchy of neutrinos which can be established with more powerful neutrino oscillation experiments. The group in Neuchâtel participates in the development of Xenon gas TPCs with the aim of progressively enlarging the sensitive mass to ten tons, at which point a sensitivity to an average mass of 30 meV could be achieved, which would be enough to be sensitive to inverted hierarchy scenarios. The uncertainties in nuclear matrix elements are recognized to be an issue (at the level of a factor 2) and necessitate use of several different nuclei.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Full detector viewWith Pb shielding
Assuming
1) that the Xe chamber + Ba tagging gives 0 background from radioactivity...2) that the energy resolution is (E)/E=2 % (2!)
Conclusion:
With a coordinated effort, the meV region is within reach!
Mass Enrichment Eff. Time Background
(kg) (%) (%) (yr) (events) (yr) QRPA SM1000 90 70 5 0.3 0.05 0.0810000 90 70 10 5.5 0.02 0.03
T1/2
0 <m> (eV) <m
> (eV)
2*1027
1.3*1028
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Summary -- future
In conclusion, the Swiss neutrino community is strongly interested in a possible future high intensity neutrino physics programme at CERN, is engaged in the R&D leading to it and supports this R&D within international collaborations.
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
300 MeV Neutrinos
small contamination from e (no K at 2 GeV!)
A large underground water Cerenkov (400 kton) UNO/HyperKor/and a large L.Arg detector. also : proton decay search, supernovae events solar and atmospheric neutrinos. Performance similar to J-PARC IIThere is a window of opportunity for digging the cavern starting in 2008 (safety tunnel in Frejus or TGV test gallery)
CERN-SPL-based Neutrino SUPERBEAM
Fréjus underground lab.
Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
-- Neutrino Factory --CERN layout
e+ e
_
interacts
giving
oscillates e interacts giving
WRONG SIGN MUON
1016p/s
1.2 1014 s =1.2 1021 yr
3 1020 eyr3 1020 yr
0.9 1021 yr
Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
CERN: -beam baseline scenario
PS
Decay
RingISOL target & Ion source
SPL
Cyclotrons, linac or FFAG
Decay ring
Brho = 1500 Tm
B = 5 T
Lss = 2500 m
SPS
ECR
Rapid cycling synchrotron
MeV 8 6.1 Av erag e
MeV 9 3 7.1 Av erag e
1 89
1 81 0
63
62
cm s
cm s
E
eF eNe
E
eL iHe
Nuclear Physics
,
,
SPL is the possible basis of 2) Low E. Superbeam
3) Beta-beam 4) Neutrino Factory
1) SPS & CNGS intensity X 2
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Linac4approval
SPLapproval
LHCupgrade
RF test place ready
3 MeV test place ready
Possible planning
CDR 2
if the SPL is firmly supported…
Garoby
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
An « 0ptimal » schedule for a Megaton Physics Project in Europe
Safety Tunnel
Large Cavity
R&D PMT’s, etc.
PMT’s production
2003 2004 2007 2008 2012 2015 2020
Detector installation
Start Megaton Physics
SPL + Super-beam realization
Procedure :
Beta-beam realization
excavation
excavation
R&D PMT’s, etc
PMT’s production
Detector inst.
Start Megaton Physics ………………...………………….
SPL+Super-beam realization
Beta-beam realization
EoI
Year
?
?
studyPre-study
LoI Prop Approv.
Mosca
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Neutrino detectors
Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
Components of the Project
-> a very large Laboratory to allow the installation of a Megaton-scale Cerenkov Detector ( 106 m3) and/or a Liquid-Argon Detector
Present Tunnel
FutureSafety Tunnel
Present Laboratory
Future Laboratorywith Water Cerenkov Detectors
CERN
The 'Baseline' European Project:in the Franco-Italiantunnel Fréjus
Main advantages:1) Large depth(>4800 mwe)2) Beam at the right distance3) Easy access, central european position4) Support from local autorities, governments
MoU CEA/IN2P3/INFN
For low energy neutrinos the proven technology is Water Cherenkov. (up to energies of ~800 MeV, above this pion production confuses the topologies )==> adequate for superbeam and betabeam
possible for higher energy beta beam?certainly not adequate for neutrino factory.
There exist an international 'collaboration' (UNO) --> Meeting in Paris 19/06/04 for R&D and further physics studies
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004 Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
Chang Kee Jung
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004 Michel Spiro Particle Physics at the Megawatt proton source. CERN 27 May 2004
Liquid Argon TPCAdequate for Super beam beta beam AND neutrino factory Network proposed for R&DBut is it always better?Ereditato Rubbia
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Introduction: physics
Mezzetto
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Outlook:
2006
2007
2008
Alain Blondel CHIPP Neutrino meeting NEUCHATEL 21-22 June 2004
Summary -- future
In conclusion, the Swiss neutrino community is strongly interested in a possible future high intensity neutrino physics programme at CERN, is engaged in the R&D leading to it and supports this R&D within international collaborations.