3.2 Use Artificial Lift Selection ToolsThis section presents specific guidelines and recommended practices for using the artificial lift selection tools to select a reasonable method or type of artificial lift for a particular well.- Choose the most likely candidate(s) with the qualitative screening tools- Map these systems on the depth vs. rate charts for your wells- Map your wells on the artificial lift performance envelope charts- Map your wells on the inflow vs. outflow charts- Check your choice(s) with the decision treesSummary of Selection Tools: Methods of Deliquifying Gas ells:Guidelines ! "ecommended #racticesSelection of Artificial Lift Systemsfor Deliquifying Gas ells#re$ared %y Artificial Lift "!D &ouncilSelection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 2This chart is la%eled as &oiled Tu%ing %ut it is not.'t is for regular tu%ing: Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 3#lunger Lift: (o) (igh a GL" is "equired for #lunger Lift to %e *easi%le? Plunger Gas Requirement: 400 scf/(bbl-1000)Examle: !ell is "000 feet #ee an# $as G%R &f '"00 scf/bbl400 scf/ (bbl-100)(")'000 scf/bbl require# *ctual G%R is '"00 scf/bbl s& +ell $as en&ug$ G%R f&r Plunger %ift (o) (igh a &asing +$erating #ressure if "equired for #lunger Lift to %e *easi%le, Plunger Pressure Requirement: ,P is casing &erating ressure &r casing ressure buil# u #uring lunger c-cle. /P is tubing ressure #uring buil# u &rti&n &f lunger c-cle%P is t$e ressure t& &f tubing sees +$en lunger 0al0e &ens at surface.,P must be 1 1 times t$e %P2f %P ) 100 t$en ,P must be 1 1 x 100 ) 1"0 siMore &onser-ati-e Gas "equirement to for #lunger Lift to %e *easi%le:3&re ,&nser0ati0e Gas Requirement: Require 1000 scf/(bbl-1000)4&r slim $&le &r +it$ ac5er in t$e +ell:Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age .Require '000 scf/(bbl-1000)Plunger: less t$an ab&ut '00 &r 600 bbls liqui# er #a-.or below! the net operating pressure is the casing operating pressure (what casing pressure builds to in appro"imately two hours) minus the line or separator pressure that is seen by the well at the surface when the value opens. #iquid production must be measured to see if the $#% required from the graph is more (plunger works) or less (plunger predicted not to work). &n general if this chart predicts that a show plunger is '( then it probably is! and if it predicts that it may be marginal! the plunger may still '(. )ote this does not distinguish in what casing si*e is present. Example: 400 Mscf/D and 50 BPDGLR actual is 400000/50 = 8000 scf/bblDept: 8000!asin" #pe$atin" P$essu$e: %00 psiLine p$essu$e : 50 psiRead f$&m "$ap: 4500 scf/bbl needed and 8000 actual s& Plun"e$ '&uld (&$)*#lungers in De-iated ells +,--, degrees no problems. .eyond /, degrees may still be no problem. 0void build rate of more than - degrees per hundred feet. Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age /A$$lication of Surfactants or operation in the red *one at the bottom of the plots! surfactants will not work. or operation below the regular Turner critical and above the dark or red *ones! then 1urfactants that will foam water only will allow operation. (rom 2eatherford)'7/8s bel&+: Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 0Surfactants:- More reliable with cap string down tubing or chemicalsdown backside- 3owever many applications use soap sticks down the tubing .This can be automated.- This is more reliable if water only- &nitial cost &s not ine"pensive! but is likely less than beam pumping.- %educes required critical rate or velocity by 4+5-6s for foaming water. - This figure is appro"imate and should be evaluated on case by case basis. Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 12lectrical Su%mersi%le #um$s 32S#4s5: - Conventional 7186s - use for /99 bpd or more.- or disposable 7186s may be used at :999-+999 ft and lower cost.- ;isposable 7186s can be less e"pensive than 8C86s for shallow wells.- ect to electrical transients that may result in downhole failures.- Cables are sub>ect to light end liquid and gasses! 3+1! failures. - &t is necessary to avoid starts and stops. - There are new low volume stages from Centrilift and 1chlumberger 4:99 bpd.- Centrilift and 1chlumberger has published low volume applications even below :99 bpd using= o 3igh temperature motor trim with the pump set below the perforations.o %ecirculating systems with the pump below the perforations.o 1hrouds with unit below perforations when clearances allow.- Centrilift has 718 through tubing installation! but for larger tubing si*es.- 1ee http=55www.polyflowinc.com5- They have a pretty good case study for C.M 718 using the fle"ible conduit with 7186s.(informed by # %owlan! 7chometer) 6elocity Strings- Thermofle"? velocity strings are lined with ortron? polyphenylene sulfide! which reduces friction to gas flow! lowers pressure drop! and provides resistance to acids and hydrocarbons.- They also contain polyaramid fiber layer with )ylon @ e"truded over it and have smooth surface that lessens paraffin build-up. &nert products withstand brines! condensates! and hydrocarbonsA come in : to + -5B in. diaA and withstand temperatures to +,9C.- Dse )odal 0nalysis. - Calculate flowing .38 from tubing5properties5rate. - Check to see if the flow rate is above critical over entire stringESelection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age 7- &s it intersecting the &8% or flowing above the minimum in the tubing curveE- &s the end of the velocity string set near perforationsE - 2ill the beneficial effects of the velocity string last long enough to be economicalE - ect gasbelow the packer (1chlumberger6s 8erflift! 2eatherford! and others have system for this)- $as-lift will not liquid load - Must have a gas supply available! or a single well compressor.- or larger liquid rates! designs are similar to those for conventional oil wells.'n;ect ater:- Must have a disposal *one below for water only.- The disposal *one must take water without too much in>ection pressure.- This method must meet the requirements of regulatory agencies- 7liminates water hauling and disposal charges.Selection of Artificial Lift Systems for Deliquifying Gas ells #age