AL 05 - International Contract.pptx

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Aspek Legaldalam proyek konstruksi

International Contract

Cahyono Bintang Nurcahyo, ST, MT

[email protected]

[email protected]



International Contract

| cahyono bintang nurcahyo| 04 10 2011 |



CONSTRUCTIONCONTRACT DOCUMENTATION

Construction contract documents generally include:

• The agreement

• General conditions

• Supplementary conditions

• Drawings

• Specifications

• Addenda issued before submittal

• Notice to proceed

• Performance and payment bonds

• Change orders or contract modifications



INDUSTRY STANDARD

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS

• Several components of the construction contractdocuments may be available as standard forms to definethe agreement for a particular project.

• These standard forms typically include the agreement

form, general condition and survey bond forms.

• The benefit is to include efficiency inpreparation as well as efficiency in

bidding.• AIA, AGC, DBIA, and EJCDC have

developed high quality standardforms, agreements, general

conditions, and other documents.



INTERNATIONAL

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS

• International construction documents are also oftenbased on industry-prepared standard forms.

• A number of organizations prepare

recommended standard generalconditions and associated forms.Such as: – ENAA (Engineering Advancement Association

of Japan)

–

FIDIC (International Federation of ConsultingEngineers)

– ICE (Institute of Civil Engineers, UnitedKingdom)



INTERNATIONAL

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS

• Such as: – AIA (American Institute of Architects)

AIA General Conditions, 1987 ed

– SIA (Singapore Institute of Architects) SIA 80 CONTRACT

–JCT (Joint Contracts Tribunal) : Commonwealth RIBA

NFBTE

RICS

ACC

AMA

ADC

ASEC

GLC

FASSACE

SBCC



Federation Internationale des Ingenieurs-Conseils

International Federation of Consulting Engineers

Internationale Vereinigug Beratender Inginieure

Federacion Internacional de Ingenieros Consultores

What is FIDIC?

• Management is a kind of science which needs continuoussummarizing, to experience development and innovations

through practice.

In the contract for internationalengineering projects, the function ofConditions of Contract is of greatestimportance providing the rights,obligation and responsibility for theparties concerned in the Contractexecution.



• During the past half century,•

the International Federation of Consulting Engineers(FIDIC) has devoted itself to the compilation ofmanagement documents for all kinds of projects,

• among which the FIDIC Conditions of Contract are ofthe highest influence and are the most popular

application.



FIDIC – the Organisation

• FIDIC is the international federation of national

associations of independent consulting engineers• Founded in 1913 by the national associations of

three European countries, now with membershipfrom over 60 countries

• Most growth outside Europe hastaken place since the Second WorldWar, with developing countries

particularly being encouraged to join• FIDIC now represents most of the

private practice consulting engineersin the world



FIDIC – the Organisation



FIDIC – the Organisation (2)

• Members comply with a code of ethics guiding theirprofessional standards

• FIDIC works to promote the common interests ofconsulting engineers through seminars, conferences andregular discussions with the national associations and

international financial institutions (such as the WorldBank)

• Preparation of standard forms ofcontract and other documents is amajor activity

• All publications are available directfrom the Secretariat in Geneva,Switzerland, or, for example, fromThomas Telford at the ICE in

London



The Traditional FIDIC Forms of Contract

• Conditions of Contract for Works of Civil Engineering

Construction:

The Red Book (1987)

• Conditions of Contract for Electrical and MechanicalWorks including Erection on Site:

The Yellow Book (1987)

•

Conditions of Contract forDesign-Build and Turnkey:

The Orange Book (1995)



September 1999 - four new Standard Forms of Contract which

are suitable for the great majority of construction and plant

installation projects around the world.

• Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works

Designed by the Employer:

The Construction Contract

• Conditions of Contract for Construction for Building and Engineering Works

Designed by the Employer (MDB Harmonised Edition) - for bank financed projects

only:

The MDB Construction Contract

• Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build for Electrical and Mechanical Plant

and for Building and Engineering Works Designed by the Contractor:

The Plant and Design-Build Contract

•

Conditions of Contract for EPC/Turnkey Projects:The EPC/Turnkey Contract

• Short Form of Contract:

The Short Form

• Dredgers Contract (based on the Short Form of Contract):

Dredgers Contract



The 1999 Suite of Standard Conditions

of Contract

• Conditions of Contract for Construction - design byEmployer:

The Construction Contract (The New Red Book)

• Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build - designby Contractor:

The Plant and Design/Build Contract (The NewYellow Book)

• Conditions of Contract for EPC Turnkey Projects:

The EPC/Turnkey Contract (The Silver Book)

• Short Form of Contract:The Short Form (The Green Book)

The FIDIC Contracts Guide (2000)



some of FIDIC

books …

International Federation of Consulting EngineersFIDIC Bookshop- Box 311 - CH-1215 Geneva 15 - Switzerland

Tl +41-22-799 49 05 - Fx +41-22-799 49 01 - [email protected] - FIDIC Bookshop



The Green Book [ Short Form of Contract ]

• < US$ 500,000 and < 6 months’ duration

• Simple and repetitive works

• All provisions necessary in 15 clauses

• Language uncomplicated and simple

• Incorporated in World Bank Standard BiddingDocuments for Simple Works.

•

Balanced risk sharing - no Engineer• Design by either party - all types of construction

• Payment on lump sum or any other basis.



The New Red Book [ Construction Contract ]

• For building and engineering works designed

by the Employer

• Needs of modern multi-discipline contracts

recognised for first time

• Partial Contractor design possible

• Valuation and payment based on

remeasurement of quantities,

but lump sum or cost plus

could be used



The New Yellow Book [ Plant & Design-Build Contract ]

• For E&M plant, and for building and engineeringworks, designed by the Contractor

• Needs of modern multi-discipline contracts

recognised• Partial Employer design:

include in Employer’s Requirements

•Valuation and payment based onlump sum with payment plan,

but remeasurement possible



The Silver Book[ EPC / Turnkey Contract ]

• More certain final price and time required

- balance of risk being changed

- privately financed BOT type

- Contractor asked to cover extra risks

• Employer will have to pay more

•

Completely new Book - ‘unbalanced’ risk • BUT full open acceptance of risk picture

• Starting point for BOT type projects

• The EPCT Contract is suitable for:

– particularly E&M and process plant projects

– all types of Employers

– civil law jurisdictions

– where government employer or private developer

wants a fixed price turnkey basis and two-party approach

• There is an ‘Introductory Note’ of explanation



New development of FIDIC conditions of contract

Design, Build, & Operate Contract

It was published

on September 2007

the Gold Book



buku terjemahan … Persyaratan Kontrak

untuk Pelaksanaan Konstruksi

•Multilateral Development Bank (MDB)Harmonised Edition

• ISBN 978 - 979 - 26 - 5739 - 5

• LPJK Indonesia - INKINDO (Ikatan NasionalKonsultan Indonesia) - FIDIC Switzerland



• Kontrak berarti Perjanjian Kontrak (Contract

Agreement), Surat Penunjukan (Letter of

Acceptance), Surat Penawaran (Letter of Tender),Persyaratan (Conditions), Spesifikasi

(Spesification), Gambar (Drawings),

Jadwal/Daftar (Schedules), dan dokumen lain

(bila ada) yg tercantum dlm Perjanjian Kontrak

atau dlm Surat Penunjukan.

buku : Persyaratan Kontrak






1. Ketentuan Umum

2. Pengguna Jasa

3. Enjinir4. Kontraktor

5. Subkontraktor yang dinominasikan

6. Staf dan Buruh

7. Peralatan, Bahan, dan Tenaga

Kerja



8. Mulai Pekerjaan, Keterlambatan, dan

Penghentian

9. Pengujian pada Akhir Pekerjaan

10. Serah Terima kepada Pengguna Jasa

11. Tanggung Jawab atas Cacat Mutu

12. Pengukuran dan Elevasi13. Variasi dan Penyesuaian

14. Harga Kontrak dan Pembayaran





15. Pemutusan oleh Pengguna

16. Penghentian dan Pemutusan oleh Kontraktor

17. Resiko dan Tanggung Jawab

18. Asuransi

19. Keadaan Kahar

20. Klaim, Sengketa, dan

Arbitrase





Selesai

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AL 05 - International Contract.pptx

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